3 DimensionalHolographic Projection Technology Full Report

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B.Tech SeminarReport

3D HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION TECHNOLOGY

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of

Technology

inElectronics and Communication Engineering

of

The University of Kerala

Submitted by

SHAHID S(Register No: 12416055)

Under the guidance of

Mr. SAFUVAN T

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

YOUNUS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

KOLLAM-10

NOVEMBER 2015


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Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

YOUNUS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

KOLLAM-10

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar report entitled 3D HOLOGRAPHIC

PROJECTION TECHNOLOGYisa bonafide record of the work done by SHAHID

S(Reg: no:12 416 055)of 7thsemester during the year 2015 under my supervision and

guidance, in the partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology

in Electronics and Communication Engineeringfrom the University of Kerala.

Seminar Guide Seminar Co-ordinators

Mr. SAFUVAN T Mr. RIYAS A NMr. ANEESH P THANKACHAN

Asst.Professor Asst.Professor Asso.Professor

Dept. of ECE Dept. of ECE Dept. of ECE

YCET YCET YCET

Mr. RAJEEV. S K

Head of the Department

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Younus College of Engineering & Technology

Internal Examiner External Examiner


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to thank the Lord Almighty for the blessings towards

the successful completion of our seminar.

I would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr. M Abdul Majeed, The

Principal, Younus College of Engineering & Technology,forproviding support and

necessary facilities for doing this seminar.

I sincerely thank Mr. Rajeev.S K, Head of the Department, Department ofElectronics & CommunicationEngineeringfor his support and encouragement that

led to the completion of this seminar.

I would like to thank Mr. Aneesh P Thankachan, Associate Professor and

Mr. Riyas A N, Assistant Professor,Department of Electronics

andCommunication Engineering,for giving us technical advice and timely

instructions, without which I could never have been able to complete the work in

time.

I also wish to thank Mr. Safuvan T, Assistant Professor, Department of

Electronics andCommunication Engineering, for providing valuable guidance.

Last, but not least I would like to thank, our parents and friends for all the

moral support during the preparation of this seminar.

SHAHID S


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ABSTRACT

The holographic projection is a kind of 3D technology of without wearing any

glasses, and viewers can see the three-dimensional virtual character.This seminar

examines the new technology of Holographic Projections. It highlights the importance

and need of this technology and how it represents the new wave in the future of

technology and communications, the different application of the technology, the fields

of life it will dramatically affect including business, education, telecommunication

and healthcare. The paper also discusses the future of holographictechnology and how

it will prevail in the coming years highlighting how it will also affect and reshape

many other fields of life, technologies and businesses. We can often see the three-

dimensional holographic communication technology in science fiction movies,using

the principle of three-dimensional computer graphics, and the distant person or thing

can been projected in the air in the form of three-dimension.


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i

CONTENTS

CHAPTER No: TITLE PAGE No:

List of Abbreviations iii

List of Figures iv

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 3D HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY 3

2.1 Holograms 3

2.2 Types Of Holograms 4

2.2.1 Reflection Hologram 4

2.2.2 Transmission Holograms 4

2.2.3 Computer Generated Holograms 5

3 3D HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SYSTEM PRINCIPLE 6

4 IMPORTANCE AND NEED OF HOLOGRAPHIC

PROJECTION

9

4.1 Hologram Properties 11

5 3D HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION TECHNOLOGY

TYPES

12

6 WORKING OF HOLOGRAM 13

6.1 Reflection Holograms 14

6.1.1Recording Reflection Holograms 14

6.1.2 Reconstructing Reflection Holograms 15

6.2 Transmission Holograms 16

6.2.1 Recording Transmission Holograms 16

6.2.2 Reconstructing Transmission Holograms 16


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ii

7 WORKING OF 3D HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

TECHNOLOGY

18

7.1 Display Setup 20

7.2 Components Required 20

8 ADVANCEMENT IN HOLOGRAPHIC TECCHNOLOGY 21

8.1 Touchable Holograms 21

8.2 Tactile Display With Feedback 21

8.3 User Interfacing Integrated Display 21

8.4 360 Degree 3D System 21

9 APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE 22

9.1 Marketing With 3D Holographic Display 22

9.2 Holography In Education 22

9.3 Holography In Entertainment Industry 22

9.4 Projection Displays 23

10 ADVANTAGES OF HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION 24

11 CONCLUSION 25

REFERENCE 26


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iii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

3DHT - 3D Holographic Technology

CGH - Computer Generated Hologram

DLP - Digital Light Processing

LCD - Liquid Crystal Display

SLM - Spatial Liquid Modulator

TFT - Thin Film Transistor


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iv

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE No: TITLE PAGE No:

3.1 Holographic projection schematic 6

3.2 Computer generated holographic principle 8

6.1 Recording of reflex hologram 14

6.2 Image recording of reflection hologram 15

6.3 Image reconstruction of reflection hologram 15

6.4 Image recording of transmission hologram 16

6.5 Image reconstruction of transmission hologram 17

6.6 Image reconstruction, Primary image 17

6.7 Image reconstruction, Secondary image 17

7.1 Recorded hologram from coherent beam of light 19

7.2 Appearance of virtual image through reconstructed

waveform

19

7.3 3D Holographic projection 20


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3D Holographic Projection Technology Seminar Report 2015

Dept. of ECE 1 YCET Kollam

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

It can often see the three-dimensional holographic communication technology

in science fiction movies, using the principle of three-dimensional computer graphics,

and the distant person or thing can been projected in the air in the form of three-

dimensional. With the development of science, all the equipment are miniaturization

and precision, while the display device cannot match, and people have a demand for a

new display technology to solve the problem. The 3D holographic projection is

precisely as this role. The word, hologram is composed of the Greek terms, "holos"

for "whole view"; and gram meaning "written". A hologram is a three-dimensional

record of the positive interference of laser light waves. A technical term for

holography is wave front reconstruction. Dennis Gabor, the Hungarian physicist

working on advancement research for electron micro-scopes, discovered the basic

technology of holography in 1947. However, the technique was not fully utilized until

the 1960s, when laser technology was perfected. 3D Holographic Technology (3DHT)

created in 1962. Holography, means of creating a unique photographic image without

the use of a lens. The photographic recording of the image is called a hologram,

which appears to be an unrecognizable pattern of stripes and whorls but which when

illuminated by coherent light, as by a laser beam organizes the light into a three

dimensional representation of the original object.

3D Holographic projection technology is the new sign of future technology

and communications. This technology first received attention worldwide in 2008

when Prince Charles addressed the World future energy summit and made his firstappearance as a hologram in a bid to reduce the royal carbon footprint. In past,

American leader Al Gore launched Live Earth Tokyo in a high-tech, virtual way as

a hologram using Holographic Projection. This technology has been used widely to

launch the products and create fun. The 3D holographic projection technology is also

known as ''Musion Eyeliner.'' Musion Eyeliner is a variation on the Peppers Ghost

stage illusion. Here, the images used are three-dimensional images, but projected as


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two-dimensional images (2D/3D) into a 3D stage set, therefore the mind of the

audience create the 3D illusion. Subjects are filmed in HDTV and broadcast on to the

foil through HDTV projection systems, driven by HD Mpeg2 digital hard disc

players, or uncompressed full HDTV video players. This means that production costs

are minimal, needing only the single camera lenses for filming and a single projector

for the playback hence the phrase Glasses-free viewing. With the different

application of this technology, it will dramatically affect all the fields of life including

business, education, telecommunication and healthcare.


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CHAPTER 2

3D HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY

Holography is a diffraction-based coherent imaging technique in which a

complex three-dimensional object can be reproduced from a flat, two-dimensional

screen with a complex transparency representing amplitude and phase values. It is

commonly agreed that real-time holography is the ne plus ultra art and science of

visualizing fast temporally changing 3-D scenes. The integration of the real-time or

electro-holographic principle into display technology is one of the most promising but

also challenging developments for the future consumer display and TV market. Only

holography allows the reconstruction of natural-looking 3-D scenes, and therefore

provides observers with a completely comfortable viewing experience.

A holoprojector will use holographic technology to project large-scale, high-

resolution images onto a variety of different surfaces, at different focal distances,

from a relatively small-scale projection device. To understand the technology used in

holographic projection, we must understand the term Hologram, and the process of

making and projecting holograms. Holography is a technique that allows the light

scattered from an object to be recorded and later reconstructed. The technique to

optically store, retrieves, and process information. The holograms preserve the 3-D

information of a holographed subject, which helps to project 3D images.

2.1 HOLOGRAMS

A hologram is a physical component or device that stores information about

the holographic image. For example a hologram can be a grating recorded on a piece

of film. It is especially useful to be able to record a full image of an object in a short

exposure if the object or space changes in time. Holos means whole and graphein

means writing. Holography is a technique that is used to display objects or scenes in

three dimensions. These 3D images are called holograms. A photographic record

produced by illuminating the object with coherent light (as from a laser) and, without

using lenses, exposing a film to light reflected from this object and to a direct beam of


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coherent light. When interference patterns on the film are illuminated by the coherent

light a three-dimensional image is produced.

2.2 TYPES OF HOLOGRAMS

A hologram is a recording in a two-or three-dimensional medium of the

interference pattern formed when a point source of light (the reference beam) of fixed

wavelength encounters light of the same fixed wavelength arriving from an object (the

object beam). When the hologram is illuminated by the reference beam alone, the

diffraction pattern recreates the wave fronts of light from the original object. Thus, the

viewer sees an image indistinguishable from the original object.

There are many types of holograms, and there are varying ways of classifying

them. For our purpose, we can divide them into three types: reflection hologram,

transmission holograms and computer generated holograms.

2.2.1 Reflection Hologram

The reflection hologram, in which a truly three-dimensional image is seen near

its surface, is the most common type shown in galleries. The hologram is illuminated

by a spot of white incandescent light, held at a specific angle and distance and

located on the viewers side of the hologram. Thus, the image consists of light

reflected by the hologram. Recently, these holograms have been made and displayed

in colour their images optically indistinguishable from the original objects. If a mirror

is the object, the holographic image of the mirror reflects white light.

2.2.2 Transmission Holograms

The typical transmission hologram is viewed with laser light, usually of the

same type used to make the recording. This light is directed from behind the hologram

and the image is transmitted to the observers side. The virtual image can be very

sharp and deep. Furthermore, if an undiverged laser beam is directed backward

(relative to the direction of the reference beam) through the hologram, a real image

can be projected onto a screen located at the original position of the object.


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2.2.3 Computer Generated Holograms

Computer Generated Holography (CGH) is the method of digitally generating

holographic interference patterns. A holographic image can be generated e.g. by

digitally computing a holographic interference pattern and printing it onto a mask or

film for subsequent illumination by suitable coherent light source. Alternatively, the

holographic image can be brought to life by a holographic 3D display (a display

which operates on the basis of interference of coherent light), bypassing the need of

having to fabricate a "hardcopy" of the holographic interference pattern each time.

Consequently, in recent times the term "computer generated holography" is

increasingly being used to denote the whole process chain of synthetically preparing

holographic light wave fronts suitable for observation.

Computer generated holograms have the advantage that the objects which one

wants to show do not have to possess any physical reality at all (completely synthetic

hologram generation). On the other hand, if holographic data of existing objects is

generated optically, but digitally recorded and processed, and brought to display

subsequently, this is termed CGH as well.


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CHAPTER 3

3D HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SYSTEM PRINCIPLE

The holographic projection is a kind of 3D technology of without wearing

glasses, and viewers can see the three-dimensional virtual character. This technology

is more in some museum applications. Three-dimensional holographic projection

equipment is not the use of digital technology, but the projection equipment projects

the different angle image to the holographic projection membrane, so that you can see

other images that are not belong to your own point of view, and thus achieve a true

three-dimensional holographic image.

360 degree phantom imaging is a three-dimensional screen that imaging is

suspended in mid-air imaging in the real, creating magic and real atmosphere, and the

effect is peculiar, with a strong sense of depth. The object can be conjunct with the

phantom in the air, also be available with touch screen interaction with the audience.

Holographic interactive display system is a combination with nanometer touch

sensitive membrane and scattering rear-projection imaging technology, andit is a

novel and extraordinary presentation. Visitors can interact with holographic display

glass, and be given a mysterious and magical fantasy feeling and provided the

modern, stylish, interactive tools for the query of the display.

3D holographic projection is the technology that record and reproduce objects

in real 3D image with using of interference and diffraction theory. Holographic

projection schematic is been shown in Fig.3.1

Fig.3.1. Holographic projection schematic


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The first step is to record the object light wave information by interference

principle, namely, the shooting process: the subject under laser irradiation forms a

diffuse object beam; another part of the laser as a reference beam shines on the

holographic film, and the object beam is been superimposed and produce interference,

converts the phase and amplitude of object light waves to the intensity in space

changes, thus records all the information of the object light waves with using of

contrast and spacing in interference strips. The film, recording the interference stripes,

after developing and fixing handler, will become a hologram or holographic photo.

The second step is by diffraction theory to that reproduce the object light wave

information, which is the imaging process: the hologram is like a complex grating, in

coherent laser, the sine-hologram diffraction light waves of a linear record of

generally give two the original image (also known as the initial image) and the

conjugate image. The image of reproduction has the strong three-dimensional sense,

and a real visual effect. Every part of the hologram recorded the light of the object, so

in principle, every part can reproduce the original image, a number of different

images can be recorded on a film by multiple-exposure and showed each other

without disturbing.

Holographic projection technology is holography displayed reversely. In

essence, it is the formation of three-dimensional images on the air or a specialthree-

dimensional lens. This technology breaks throughthe limitations of traditional sound,

light, power, andthe image is color, the contrast and clarity are veryhigh. Unlike the

flat screen projection displaying thestereoscopic perception only in the two-

dimensionalsurface by the effect of perspective and shadows,holographic projection

technology isthe real rendering of 3D images, which different sides of the image can

be viewed from any angle of 360 degree. Decorative and practicality are blended, and

the strong sense of space and perspective are the most attractive place of this

technique. The holographic projection is expected to become the ultimate show

solutions beyond the current 3D technology.The computer-generated holographic

principle can be including the calculation process and the reproduce, which shown in

Fig.3.2


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Fig.3.2. Computer generated holographic principle

The calculation process transforms the three-dimensional information into a

holographic stripe, which there are two methods based on interference and diffraction.

The interference and diffraction are all the basic nature of light. Interference is more

than two (or two) light waves with the same frequency, the same vibration direction

and the constant phase difference, in the superposition of the space, and forms the

constant strengthening and weakening in the overlap area. Diffraction is that the light

waves display the derivative phenomenon in the communication process through the

edges or porosity of the obstacles. The greater the wavelength, the smaller the pore,

the exhibition derivative phenomenon is more obvious.

The reproduce process is the holographic stripes generated by the spatial light

modulator (SLM) modulated the incident light, and converts stripes into visible three-

dimensional images. In essence, the calculated hologram information produced and

reproduced by computer-controlled graphics device on the physical media.


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CHAPTER 4

IMPORTANCE AND NEED OF HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

The interest in 3D viewing is not new. The public has embraced this

experience since at least the days of stereoscopes, at the turn of the last century. New

excitement, interest, and enthusiasm then came with the 3D movie craze in the middle

of the last century, followed by the fascinations of holography, and most recently the

advent of virtual reality. Recent developments in computers and computer graphics

have made spatial 3D images more practical and accessible. The computational power

now exists, for example, for desktop workstations to generate stereoscopic image

pairs quickly enough for interactive display. At the high end of the computational

power spectrum, the same technological advances that permit intricate object

databases to be interactively manipulated and animated now permit large amounts of

image data to be rendered for high quality 3D displays.

Modern three-dimensional (3D) display technologies are increasingly

popular and practical not only in computer graphics, but in other diverse

environments and technologies as well. Growing examples include medical

diagnostics, flight simulation, air traffic control, battlefield simulation, weather

diagnostics, entertainment, advertising, education, animation, virtual reality, robotics,

biomechanical studies, scientific visualization, and so forth. The increasing interest

and popularity are due to many factors. In our daily lives, we are surrounded by

synthetic computer graphic images both in principle and on television. People can

nowadays even generate similar images on personal computers at home. We also

regularly see holograms on credit cards and lenticular displays on cereal boxes.There is also a growing appreciation that twodimensional projections of 3D

scenes, traditionallyreferred to as 3D computer graphics, can be insufficient for

inspection, navigation, and comprehension of some types of multivariate data.

Without the benefit of 3D rendering, even high quality images that have excellent

perspective depictions still appear unrealistic and flat. For such application

environments, the human depth cues of stereopsis, motion parallax, and (perhaps to a


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lesser extent) ocular accommodations are increasingly recognized as significant and

important for facilitating image understanding and realism.

In other aspects of 3D display technologies, such as the hardware needed for

viewing, the broad field of virtual reality has driven the computer and optics

industries to produce better stereoscopic helmet mounted and boom-mounted

displays, as well as the associated hardware and software to render scenes at rates and

qualities needed to produce the illusion of reality. However, most voyages into virtual

reality are currently solitary and encumbered ones: users often wear helmets, special

glasses, or other devices that present the 3D world only to each of them individually.

A common form of such stereoscopic displays uses shuttered or passively polarized

eyewear, in which the observer wears eyewear that blocks one of two displayed

images, exclusively one each for each eye. Examples include passively polarized

glasses, and rapidly alternating shuttered glasses.

While these approaches have been generally successful, they have not met

with widespread acceptance because observers generally do not like to wear

equipment over their eyes. In addition, such approaches are impractical, and

essentially unworkable, for projecting a 3D image to one or more casual passersby, to

a group of collaborators, or to an entire audience such as when individuated

projections are desired. Even when identical projections are presented, such situations

have required different and relatively underdeveloped technologies, such as

conventional auto stereoscopic displays. Thus, a need still remains for highly

effective, practical, efficient, uncomplicated, and inexpensive auto stereoscopic 3D

displays that allow the observer complete and unencumbered freedom of movement.

Additionally, a need continues to exist for practical auto stereoscopic 3D displays that

provide a true parallax experience in both the vertical as well as the horizontal

movement directions.

A concurrent continuing need for such practical auto stereoscopic 3D displays

that accommodate multiple viewers independently and simultaneously. A particular

advantage would be afforded if the need could be fulfilled to provide such

simultaneous viewing in which each viewer could be presented with a uniquely

customized auto stereoscopic 3D image that could be entirely different from that


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being viewed simultaneously by any of the other viewers present, all within the same

viewing environment, and all with complete freedom of movement therein. Yet

another urgent need is for an unobtrusive 3D viewing device that combines feedback

for optimizing the viewing experience in combination with provisions for 3D user

input, thus enabling viewing and manipulation of virtual 3D objects in 3D space

without the need for special viewing goggles or headgear. In view of the ever

increasing commercial competitive pressures, increasing consumer expectations, and

diminishing opportunities for meaningful product differentiation in the marketplace, it

is increasingly critical that answers be found to these problems. Moreover, the ever-

increasing need to save costs, improve efficiencies, improve performance, and meet

such competitive pressures adds even greater urgency to the critical necessity that

answers be found to these problems.

4.1 HOLOGRAM PROPERTIES

Appears as a real object from different angles.

Usually just look like a sparkly pictures or smears of color.

Each cut views the entire holographic image.


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CHAPTER 5

3D HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION TECHNOLOGY TYPES

There are the following categories about the holographic projection

technology broadly:

In Massachusetts, a 29-year-old and technology graduate, called Chad Dyne

invented an air projection and interactive technology, which is a milestone of the

display technology, and it can wall project images with interactive features in the

airflow. The technology is the principle of the mirage, and the image is projected on

the water vapor, and it can form images the strong level and three-dimensional sense

on the molecular vibration is not balanced.

Science and Technology, the Japanese company, had invented the 3D images by

the laser beam projecting the entity. This technique is that the mixed gas of nitrogen

and oxygen, when they disperse in the air, becomes the hot syrupy substance, and

forms a transient 3D image in the air. This approach is achieved by a small blasting

constantly in the air.

The researchers in the Innovation and Technology Institute, University of South

California, announced that they successfully developed a 360-degree holographic

display, and this technique is that the images are projected on a high-speed rotating

mirror, which achieve the three-dimensional images.

A pseudo-holographic projection is applied in commercial purposes, which has

two categories: the projector directly is rear projection on holographic projection

membrane, and the other, a projector or other display light is refracted 45 degrees

imaging in the holographic projection on the phantom, which imaging results are

relatively bright and dazzling, but the cost is relatively much higher and the site

constraints are also more.


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CHAPTER 6

WORKING OF HOLOGRAM

The time-varying light field of a scene with all its physical properties is to be

recorded and then regenerated. Hence the working of holography is divided into two

phases:

Recording

Reconstruction

Recording of hologram: Basic tools required to make a hologram includes a

red lasers, lenses, beam splitter, mirrors and holographic film. Holograms are

recorded in darker environment; this is to avoid the noise interference caused by other

light sources.

The recording of hologram is based on the phenomenon of interference. It

requires a laser source, a plane mirror or beam splitter, an object and a photographic

plate. A laser beam from the laser source is incident on a plane mirror or beam

splitter. As the name suggests, the function of the beam splitter is to split the laser

beam. One part of splitted beam, after reflection from the beam splitter, strikes on the

photographic plate. This beam is called reference beam. While other part of splitted

beam (transmitted from beam splitter) strikes on the photographic plate after suffering

reflection from the various points of object. This beam is called object beam.

The object beam reflected from the object interferes with the reference beam

when both the beams reach the photographic plate. The superposition of these two

beams produces an interference pattern (in the form of dark and bright fringes) and

this pattern is recorded on the photographic plate. The photographic plate withrecorded interference pattern is called hologram. Photographic plate is also known as

Gabor zone plate in honour of Denis Gabor who developed the phenomenon of

holography.

Each and every part of the hologram receives light from various points of the

object. Thus, even if hologram is broken into parts, each part is capable of

reconstructing the whole object.


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There are two basic types of holograms:

Reflection holograms

Transmission hologramsReflection holograms form images by reflecting a beam of light off the surface

of the hologram. This type of hologram produces very high quality images but is very

expensive to create.

Transmission holograms form images by transmitting a beam of light through

the hologram. This type of hologram is more commonly seen since they can be

inexpensively mass-produced. Embossed holograms, such as those found on credit

cards, are transmission holograms with a mirrored backing.

6.1 REFLECTION HOLOGRAMS

6.1.1 Recording of Reflection Holograms

The laser provides a highly coherent source of light. The beam of lighthits the

beam splitter, which is a semi-reflecting plate that splits the beam into two: anobject

beam and a reference beam.The object beam is widened by a beam spreader and the

lightis reflected off the object and is projected onto the photographic plate.The

reference beam is also widened by a beam spreader and the light reflects off a mirror

and shines on the photographic plate as shown in the Fig.6.1.

Fig.6.1. Recording of Reflex holograms


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The reference and object beams meet at the photographic plate and create the

interference pattern that records the amplitude and phase of theresultant wave as

shown in the Fig.6.2.

Fig.6.2. Image recording of Reflection hologram

6.1.2 Reconstructing of Reflection Holograms

A reconstruction beam of light is used to reconstruct the object wave front.

The reconstruction beam is positioned at the same angle as the illuminating beam that

was used during the recording phase.The virtual image appears behind the hologram

at the same position as the object as shown in the Fig.6.3.

Fig.6.3. Image reconstruction of Reflection hologram


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6.2 TRANSMISSION HOLOGRAMS

6.2.1Recording of Transmission Holograms

As with reflection holograms, a laser is used to provide a highly coherent

source of light. A beam splitter and beam spreaders are also used in the recording of

transmission holograms.After the object beam passes through the beam spreader, the

light is reflected off a mirror and onto the object. The object beam is then reflected

onto the photographic plate.The reference beam is also reflected off a mirror and

shines on the photographic plate.The incoming object and reference beams create a

resultant wave. The amplitude and phase of the resultant wave is recorded onto the

photographic plate as an interference pattern as shown in the Fig.6.4.

Fig.6.4. Image recording of Transmission hologram

6.2.2 Reconstructing of Transmission Holograms

A reconstruction beam is used to illuminate the hologram and is positioned at the

same angle as the reference beam that was used during the recording phase.When the

reconstruction beam is placed at the right angle, three beams of light will pass through

the hologram.An undiffracted beam (zeroth order) will pass directly through the

hologram but will not produce an image.A second beam forms the primary (virtual)

image (first order) that is diffracted at the same angle as the incoming object beam

that was used during recording.A third beam forms the secondary (real) image (first

order).As we can see in the Fig.6.5., the beams that form the images are diffracted at


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the same angle, from the undiffracted beam. Between the image beams, the angle is

twice as large.

Fig.6.5. Image reconstruction of Transmission hologram

If we look at the hologram at the same angle as the primary image beam (also

same angle as recording object beam), we will see a virtual image of the object

located behind the hologram as shown in the Fig.6.6.

Fig.6.6. Image reconstruction, primary image

If we look at the hologram at the same angle as the secondary image beam, we

will see a real image of the object located in front of the hologram as shown in the

Fig.6.7.

Fig.6.7. Image reconstruction, secondary image


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CHAPTER 7

WORKING OF 3D HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

TECHNOLOGY

This is entirely a Latest and vary unique Hi Definition 3D Projection

Technology in which a person is captured in 3Ddimentional Aspect with a Sp. Hi

Definition Camera on a specially built stage And Projected As Is at various Distant

Locations At a Time. Viewers at the other end will feel the presence of REAL

Person in front of them and also interact with projected Virtual person, without

wearing any kind of 3D glasses, as they interact with Actual Person.

Holography is a technique that enables a light field, which is generally the

product of a light sources scattered off Objects, to be recorded and Later reconstructed

when the original light field is no longer present, due to the absence of the original

objects. Holography can be thought of as somewhat similar to sound recording,

whereby a sound field created by vibrating matter like musical instruments or vocal

cords, is encoded in such a way that it can be reproduced later, without the presence

of the original vibrating matter. It starts with the patented foil, completely invisible to

the naked eye.Right at 45 across the stage and the bounce content off a projector

screen. This is then reflected upwards, reflects off the foil and gives s the impression

of a real 3D volumetric image on stage. A hologram is recorded by exposing a light-

sensitive sensor (for example, photographic film, or a high-resolution CCD)

simultaneously to a coherent beam of light and the reflection of that beam of light

from the scene being recorded. The sensor records not an image of the scene, but the

interference (typically taking place at the surface of a sheet of film) between theimage and the original coherent light. This interference pattern contains all the

information in the light field at the sensor.


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Fig.7.1. Recorded hologram from coherent beam of light

To play back a hologram, the interference pattern of the original hologram is

reproduced, and a coherent beam of light (typically having the same wavelength as

the original laser illumination source) is directed onto the pattern along the same

direction as was the reference beam. The reconstruction beam is diffracted from the

interference pattern, and thereby reproduces the 3D image information of the subject

of the hologram. For us, a glowing but seemingly solid image suddenly appears

floating in space.

Fig.7.2. Appearance of Virtual Image through reconstructed waveforms

With video displays being of considerably greater value than static 3D picture frames,

a dynamic substitute for photographic film has long been sought, with varying

degrees of success. An active holographic display is based on a spatial light modulator


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(SLM), a device that changes the intensity and/or the phase of a beam of light. A

simple example is an overhead projector, wherein the transparency acts as an SLM.

7.1 DISPLAY SETUP

Display setup need ideally minimum height of 9 ft and footprint of 10 ft

square to show full size human figure.

Fig.7.3. 3D Holographic projection

7.2 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

The primary components of projecting the subject are; A video projector,

preferably DLP with an HD card/minimum native resolution of 1280 x 1024 and

brightness of 5000+ lumens, for smaller cabinet installations, a high quality TFT

Plasma or LCD screen, a hard-disc player with 1920 x 1080i HD graphics card, Apple

or PC video server, DVD player, a specialized foil + 3D set/drapes enclosing 3 sides

and lighting and audio as required and who controller (on site or remote) Subjects are

filmed in HDTV and broadcast on to the foil through HDTV projection systems,driven by HD Mpeg2 digital hard disc players, or uncompressed full HDTV

video/Beta-Cam players.


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CHAPTER 8

ADVANCEMENT IN HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY

8.1 TOUCHABLE HOLOGRAMS

The importance of haptic interaction techniques gathers much more attention

with the progress of the computer graphics, the physical simulation and the visual

display technologies. There have been a lot of interactive systems which aim to enable

the users to handle 3D graphic objects with their hands. If tactile feedback is provided

to the users hands in 3D free space, the usability of those systems will be

considerably improved.

8.2 TACTILE DISPLAY WITH HAPTIC FEEDBACK

Airborne Ultrasound Tactile Display is a tactile display which provides

tactile sensation onto the users hand. It utilizes the nonlinear phenomenon of

ultrasound; acoustic radiation pressure. When an object interrupts the propagation of

ultra-sound, a pressure field is exerted on the surface of the object.

8.3 USER INTERFACING INTEGRATED DISPLAYS

While camera-based and marker-less hand tracking systems are demonstrated

these days, we use Wiimote (Nintendo) which has an infrared (IR) camera for

.simplicity. A retro reflective marker is attached on the tip of users middle finger. IR

LEDs illuminate the marker and two Wiimotes sense the 3D position of the finger.

Owing to this hand-tracking system, the users can handle the floating virtual image

with their hands.

8.4 360-DEGREE 3D SYSTEM

The system was made possible by projecting high-speed video on a spinning

mirror. As the spinning mirror changes direction, different perspectives of the

projected image is shown. The University of Southern California project is more

realistic compared to other holographic attempt.


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CHAPTER 9

APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE

9.1 MARKETING WITH 3D HOLOGRAPHIC DISPLAY

This worlds innovative technology can enable observers to see lifelike images

that float deep inside and project several feet in front of a display screen. Dimensional

Studios, a leader in 3D visual display solutions has recently introduced its

unparalleled digital signage in the UK. This worlds innovative technology can enable

observers to see 3D holographic-like images that float deep inside and project several

feet in front of an LCD or plasma display screen. Its aim is for advertising agencies

and consumer products who wish to catch a huge impact from this new break through

media.

9.2 HOLOGRAPHY IN EDUCATION

Holography being in its infant stage has not being widely used in education.

However, application of holography in education is not new. Although, the distance

of transition was minimal, long distance projection is possible since the images are

transmitted over the internet. Holography differs from video conferencing because the

teacher appears to be in the classroom. While in video conferencing users can easily

notice a screen and a camera.

9.3 HOLOGRAPHY IN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY

When one thinks about holography in the entertainment industry, the movies

Star Trek and Star Wars come into mind. In these movies, people relate with

holograms as they would relate with real human. Although, what people see in these

movies are not real holograms, they depict what a real hologram looks like and future

capabilities of holography. In the musical industry, holography is being used for

concerts. In this case, the musicians can be far away in New York while performing in

several cities around the world. Today, three dimensional television and cinemas are

becoming common, and there is more to come.3D movies in home theatres require


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chunky glasses which may be uncomfortable for some people to wear. Also experts

found that viewing 3D television over a long period can cause headache and eye strain

due to new sensory experience. Since holography makes beamed image look like real,

it should not have any future strain on the eyes nor generate headache.

9.4 PROJECTION DISPLAYS

Future colour liquid crystal displays (LCDs) will be brighter and whiter as a

result of holographic technology. Scientists at Polaroid Corp. have developed a

holographic reflector that will reflect ambient light to produce a white background.

Holographic televisions may be possible within a decade but at a high price. MIT

researchers recently made a prototype that does not need glasses, but true holographic

commercial TV will take a year to appear. One day all TVs could be holographic, but

will take 8-10 years. In future, holographic displays will be replacing all present

displays in all sizes, from small phone screen to large projectors


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CHAPTER 10

ADVANTAGES OF HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

The interest in 3D viewing is not new. The public has embraced this

experience since at least the days of stereoscopes, at the turn of the last century. New

excitement, interest, and enthusiasm then came with the 3D movie craze in the middle

of the last century, followed by the fascinations of holography, and most recently the

advent of virtual reality. Recent developments in computers and computer graphics

have made spatial 3D images more practical and accessible. Modern three

dimensional (3D) display technologies are increasingly popular and practical not

only in computer graphics, but in other diverse environments and technologies as

well. A concurrent continuing need is for such practical auto stereoscopic 3D displays

that can also accommodate multiple viewers independently and simultaneously.

A particular advantage would be afforded if the need could be fulfilled to

provide such simultaneous viewing in which each viewer could be presented with a

uniquely customized auto stereoscopic 3D image that could be entirely different from

that being viewed simultaneously by any of the other viewers present, all within thesame viewing environment, and all with complete freedom of movement therein. A

high resolution three dimensional recording of an object. Another feature is that these

are glasses free 3D display. This 3D technology can accommodate multiple viewers

independently and simultaneously, which is an advantage no other 3D technology can

show. The 3D holographic technology does not need a projection screen. The

projections are projected into midair, so the limitations of screen are not applicable for

3D holographic display


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CHAPTER 11

CONCLUSION

Holography may still be in its infant stage, but its potentials applications are

aspiring. Holographic Technology and Spectral Imagining has endless applications, as

far as the human mind can imagine. Holography being the closest display technology

to our real environment may just be the right substitute when reality fails. With

holography, educational institutions may become a global village sooner that people

thought, where information and expertise are within reach. Knowledge sharing and

mobility will only cost a second and learning will become more captivating and

interactive. First, there is an urgent need to address the infrastructural deficiencies

limiting the application of holography in education.

More interestingly, the display medium of holography is very important. A

360 viewing angle is especially what is needed to maximize the use of holography in

education. Being able to display a 3D hologram in free air is also vital, because

interacting with holograms in a covered display may be cumbersome. In order not to

limit the use of holography to a non-interactive display medium, incorporation withfeedback technologies is mandatory. The haptic technology which makes it possible

to touch and manipulate virtual object is especially important. As the field of

hapticscontinues to grow and integrates with holography, interaction with holograms

becomes limitless. In future, holographic displays will be replacing all present

displays in all sizes, from small phone screen to large projectors.


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REFERENCE

[1] Ahmed Elmorshidy, Ph.D ; Holographic Projection Technology: The Worldis Changing.; JOURNAL OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, VOLUME 2,

ISSUE 2,MAY 2010.

[2] Thomas J. Naughton; Capture, processing, and display of real-world 3D

objects using digital holography; 2010 IEEE Invited Paper.

[3] Takayuki Hoshi, Masafumi Takahashi, Kei Nakatsuma; Touchable

Holography; The University of Tokyo; 2009.

[4] Stephan Reichelt, Ralf Haussler, Norbert Leister, Gerald Futterer, Hagen

Stolle and Armin Schwerdtner; Holographic 3-D Displays - Electro-

holography within theGrasp of Commercialization; Advances in Lasers and

Electro Optics (April 2010).

[5] 3D Holographic ProjectionThe Future of Advertising, Article Base 2009,

viewed 9 Jun 2013.

[6] Wang Liming. Three-dimensional graphics appliance in electrocardiogram

[J].Network Information, 2006, (6):41-42.

[7] Wu Guoliang. Research of stereo display algorithm in the virtual reality

system [J]. Journal Naval Aeronautical Engineering Institute, 2001,

(16):341-342.

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