2x2x2 LED Cube

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2x2x2 LED Cube

Smallest LED cubebringing up the Big concepts in Microcontroller Timing cycles.

It consists of 8 LEDs being controlled through microcontroller to give amazing lighting Effects.

A must try DIY project for beginners which can be extended to 4x4x4 or 8x8x8 and further, with 2x2x2

cube as the basic building block.

Components :

{C} 8051 Microcontroller (AT89S52)- Itsa 40-pin microcontroller with 32 I/O lines. You can also use

20-pin package (AT89S2051) with proper pin connections (refer datasheet).

{C 8- LEDs (or More if some get burned while soldering) of any colour

{C} NPN Transistors (BC547)

{C Resistors- 1K, 220E

{C}{ Other discrete components such as Crystal, Capacitors etc.

{C} Some wires.

Construction of the cube :

The construction of LED cube is quite simple and easy to grasp.

We have to construct two layers/rows of 4-LEDs in each. These two rows will then be connected together.

Look at the figures below :
http://www.engineersgarage.com/8051-microcontrollerhttp://www.engineersgarage.com/8051-microcontroller

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It is clear that we have 6-control lines which will be responsible for the LED ON/OFF.

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Out of these 6, Two lines i.e. Rows (R1,R2) are anodes(+).

The columns are Cathodes(-).

Working:To understand the working, let us consider that we want to ON an LED at position (C0,R1). For

this we send a HIGH at R1 Terminal of cube through a transistor (A transistor is used because current

through microcontroller is not sufficient to drive more than 1-2 LEDs) and a LOW at C0 terminal. This

makes a complete path for the current and LED glows.

Similarly we can control ON/OFF state of all LEDs individually or in a group of two/three/four,etc.

Delaywill help us to create different patterns.

Calculation of the pins required for cubes:

{C}{ For 4x4x4 cube

Rows-4 pins

Columns- 4x4=16 pins{C For 8x8x8 cube

Rows-8 pins

Columns- 8x8=64 pins (however 64 pins are not there in low profile uC, so this can be done

through Shift Registers)

Similarly 16x16x16 and further can be constructed.

Current consumption by LEDs :

An important thing which must be kept in mind must be the current consumption by the LEDs.

Below Chart clears this point :

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Explanation of the code :

In the declaration part, weveassociated Port-1 with rows and columns.

Delay functions are declared and defined for different values.

Functions for various patterns have been define under names such as p1(); p2(); p3();

p2f(); etc.

In the main() part these functions are being called one by one and hence a continuous

pattern isGENERATED on the cube.

Screen shots:
http://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/expert/2x2x2-led-cube-circuit-diagramhttp://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/expert/2x2x2-led-cube-circuit-diagramhttp://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/expert/2x2x2-led-cube-circuit-diagramhttp://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/expert/2x2x2-led-cube-circuit-diagram

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Code :

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#include

sbit c0=P1^2; // Column 0


sbit c2=P1^4; //Column 2


sbit r2=P1^1; // Row 2

sbit r1=P1^0; // Row 1

void delay(int); // Delay function declaration (large delay)

void delay1(int); // Delay function declaration (short delay)

void p1(); //

void p2(); //

void p3(); //

void p4(); // Functions for various patterns

void p1f(); //

void p2f(); //

void p3f(); //

void p4f(); //

void main() // main()

{

while(1)

{

c0=c1=c3=c2=0;

r1=r2=1;

p1();

p2();

p3();

p4();

p1f();

p2f();

p3f();

p2f();

p1f();

p4();

p3();p2();

p1();

}

}

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void delay(int t) // delay definition

{

int i,j;

for(i=0;i

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delay1(8);

c0=1; //

c1=1;

c2=0;

c3=1;

delay1(8); //c0=1;

c1=1; //

c2=1;

c3=0;

delay1(8);

r1=r2=1; //pattrn 1 Repeat

c0=0;

c1=1;

c2=1; //

c3=1;

delay1(8);

c0=1;

c1=0;

c2=1;

c3=1; //

delay1(8);

c0=1; //

c1=1;

c2=0;

c3=1; //

delay1(8);

c0=1; //

c1=1;c2=1;

c3=0;

delay1(8);

r1=r2=1; // finishing of pattern 1

c0=0;

c1=1;

c2=1;

c3=1;

delay1(8);

}

void p2()

{

r1=1; //pattern 2

r2=0;

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1; //

delay1(8);

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r1=0;r2=1;

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay1(8);

r1=0;r2=1;c0=c1=1; //

c2=c3=0;

delay1(8);

r1=1;

r2=0;

c0=c1=1;

c2=c3=0;

delay1(8); //

r1=1; // pattern 2 repeat

r2=0;

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay1(8);

r1=0;r2=1; //

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay1(8);

r1=0;r2=1;

c0=c1=1; //c2=c3=0;

delay1(8);

r1=1;

r2=0;

c0=c1=1;

c2=c3=0;

delay1(8);

r1=1; //pattern 2 repeating

r2=0;c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay1(8);

r1=0;r2=1;

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1; //

delay1(8);

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r1=0;r2=1;

c0=c1=1;

c2=c3=0;

delay1(8); //

r1=1;

r2=0;

c0=c1=1; //

c2=c3=0;

delay1(8);

r1=1; // pattern 2 repeat

r2=0;

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay1(8);

r1=0;r2=1; //

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay1(8);

r1=0;r2=1;

c0=c1=1;

c2=c3=0;

delay1(8);

//

r1=1;r2=0;

c0=c1=1;

c2=c3=0;

delay1(8);

r1=1; // finishing of patt. 2

r2=0;

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay1(8);

}

void p3()

{

r1=1;r2=0; // Pattern 3 repeat

c0=0;c3=0;

c1=c2=1;

delay1(8);

r2=1;r1=0;

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c0=c3=0;

c1=c2=1;

delay1(8);

c1=c2=0;

c0=c3=1;delay(8);

r1=1;r2=0;

c1=c2=0;

c0=c3=1;

delay1(8);

r1=1;r2=0; // Pattern 3 repeat

c0=0;c3=0;

c1=c2=1;

delay1(8);

r2=1;r1=0;

c0=c3=0;

c1=c2=1; //

delay1(8);

c1=c2=0;

c0=c3=1;

delay(8);

r1=1;r2=0; //

c1=c2=0;c0=c3=1;

delay1(8);

r1=1;r2=0; // repeat Pattern 3

c0=0;c3=0;

c1=c2=1;

delay1(8);

r2=1;r1=0;

c0=c3=0;

c1=c2=1;delay1(8);

c1=c2=0;

c0=c3=1;

delay1(8);

r1=1;r2=0;

c1=c2=0;

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c0=c3=1;

delay1(8);

r1=1;r2=0; // finishing Pattern 3

c0=0;c3=0;

c1=c2=1;delay1(8);

}

void p4()

{

r1=0;r2=1; //

c0=0;c1=c3=c2=1;

delay1(8);

r2=0;r1=1;

c1=0;c2=c0=c3=1; //

delay1(8);

r1=0;r2=1;

c2=0;c1=c3=c0=1;

delay1(8);

//

r2=0;r1=1;

c3=0;c2=c0=c1=1;

delay1(8);

}

void p1f()

{

r1=r2=1; //pattern 1 FAST

c0=0;

c1=1;

c2=1;

c3=1;

delay(10);

c0=1; //

c1=0;c2=1;

c3=1;

delay(10);

c0=1;

c1=1;

c2=0; //

c3=1;

delay(10);

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c0=1;

c1=1;

c2=1;

c3=0;

delay(10);

r1=r2=1; //pattrn 1 Repeat FAST

c0=0;

c1=1;

c2=1;

c3=1;

delay(10);

c0=1; //

c1=0;

c2=1;

c3=1;

delay(10);

c0=1;

c1=1;

c2=0; //

c3=1;

delay(10);

c0=1;

c1=1;

c2=1;

c3=0;

delay(10);

r1=r2=1; //pattrn 1 Repeat

c0=0;c1=1;

c2=1;

c3=1; //

delay(10);

c0=1;

c1=0;

c2=1;

c3=1; //

delay(10);

c0=1;

c1=1;c2=0;

c3=1;

delay(10); //

c0=1;

c1=1;

c2=1;

c3=0;

delay(10);

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r1=r2=1; // finishing of pattern 1

c0=0;

c1=1;

c2=1;

c3=1;delay(10);

}

void p2f()

{

r1=1; //pattern 2 FAST

r2=0;

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay(10);

r1=0;r2=1;

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay(10);

r1=0;r2=1;

c0=c1=1;

c2=c3=0; //

delay(10);

r1=1;

r2=0; //c0=c1=1;

c2=c3=0;

delay(10);

r1=1; // pattern 2 repeat fast

r2=0;

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay(10);

//

r1=0;r2=1;c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay(10);

//

r1=0;r2=1;

c0=c1=1;

c2=c3=0;

delay(10);

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r1=1; //

r2=0;

c0=c1=1;

c2=c3=0;

delay(10);

r1=1; //pattern 2 repeat FAST

r2=0;

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay(10);

//

r1=0;r2=1;

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay(10);

r1=0;r2=1; //

c0=c1=1;

c2=c3=0;

delay(10);

r1=1;

r2=0;

c0=c1=1;

c2=c3=0;

delay(10);

r1=1; // pattern 2 repeat FAST

r2=0;

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay(10);

r1=0;r2=1;

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;

delay(10); //

r1=0;r2=1;

c0=c1=1;

c2=c3=0;

delay(10);

r1=1;

r2=0;

c0=c1=1;

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c2=c3=0;

delay(10);

r1=1; // finishing of patt. 2

r2=0;

c0=c1=0;

c2=c3=1;delay(10);

}

void p3f()

{

r1=1;r2=0; // Pattern 3 FAST

c0=0;c3=0;

c1=c2=1;

delay(10);

r2=1;r1=0;

c0=c3=0;

c1=c2=1;

delay(10);

c1=c2=0;

c0=c3=1;

delay(10);

r1=1;r2=0;

c1=c2=0;

c0=c3=1;

delay(10);

r1=1;r2=0; // repeat Pattern 3 FAST

c0=0;c3=0;

c1=c2=1;

delay(10);

r2=1;r1=0;

c0=c3=0;

c1=c2=1; //

delay(10);

c1=c2=0;c0=c3=1;

delay(10);

r1=1;r2=0;

c1=c2=0;

c0=c3=1;

delay(10);

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r1=1;r2=0; // Pattern 3 repeat FAST

c0=0;c3=0;

c1=c2=1; //

delay(10);

r2=1;r1=0;c0=c3=0;

c1=c2=1;

delay(10);

c1=c2=0; //

c0=c3=1;

delay(10);

r1=1;r2=0;

c1=c2=0; //

c0=c3=1;

delay(10);

r1=1;r2=0; // finishing Pattern 3

c0=0;c3=0;

c1=c2=1;

delay(10);

}

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2x2x2 LED Cube