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2.1 Muslim Civilizations Yellow Book pgs. 303-306 Red Book (238-254)

Spread of the Arab Empire

Causes Long-Term Causes Short-Term

Weakness of Byzantine and Persian empires Economic and social changes in Arabia Tribes of Arabia unified by Islam around a centralmessage

Wide acceptance of religious message of Islam Easy acceptance of social ideas of Islam such as

equality among believersImmediate Effects Long-Term Effects

Islam spreads from the Atlantic coast to the IndusRiver Valley

Centers of learning flourish in Cairo, Cordoba, andElsewhere

Muslim civilization emerges Linking of Europe, Asia, and Africa through Muslim

trade networks

Arabic becomes shared language of Muslims Split between Sunnis and Shiites

Five Pillars of Islam

1. Make the declaration of faith There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God2. Pray five times a day, facing Mecca3. Give alms(charity) to the poor4. Fast from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan5. Make the haij, or pilgrimage to Mecca, if physically and financially able

2.2 The Rise of Europe Yellow Book (212-238) Red Book (286-314)

Why did Europe Decline?

Western Roman Empire collapsed Invaders swept across the region Trade, travel, towns, and learning all decreased Germanic kingdoms cared up a once-unified Empire

Feudalism and the Manor System

Feudalism The Manor System

Lord to Vassal Vassal to Lord Lord of the Manor to Peasants Peasants to Lord

Fief (land, buildings,workers)

Protection Loyalty Military service Certain fees Advice

Use of land forfarming

Protection Could not be forced

off land

Money or crops asrent

Labor on lords lands Certain fees

Rise of Towns and the Middle Class

Agricultural Revolution Revival of Trade Towns and the Middle Class

Production increases Population grows Warfare decreases Travel becomes safer

Desire for foreign goodsincreases

Trade fairs develop Town and cities grow

As towns grow merchants gainpower

Guilds form and becomepowerful

Modern business practicedevelop

The middle class gains power Trade and commerce gain

importance

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2.3 The High and Late Middle Ages Yellow Book pg. 242-276 Red Book (316-344)

Power Shifts in the High and Late Middle Ages

England France Holy Roman Empire

William the Conqueror consolidates royal

power, limiting power of lords

Hugh Capet is elected king by French

nobles who feel like he is weak

Otto is crowned Holy Roman Emperor

but nobles and Church officials wield

power

Henry II strengthens royal courts Capetian kings make throne hereditary

take lands from nobles build bureaucracy

Henry IV is excommunicated by Pope

Gregory VII and then forgiven

King John approves Magna Carta limitingmonarchs power During Hundred Years War English areexpelled from most of France increasing

national feeling

Holy Roman Empire remains fragmented

Parliament develops under Edward I

Turmoil in Europe

The Crusades- a series of wars in which European Christians battled Muslims for control of the Holy Land The Black Death- an epidemic of the bubonic plague that swept Europe killing about one third of the population The Hundred Years War-a series of conflicts, between England and France in which England lost control of most of its

territory in France

2.4 The Renaissance Yellow Book (408-422) Red Book (352-362)

Major Themes of the Renaissance

Humanism - Importance of classical learning Emphasis on the individual Focus on realism in art and literature Question of traditional religious ideas

2.5 The Reformation Yellow Book (423-433) Red Book (363-378)

Causes and Effects of the Protestant Reformation

Cause Effect

Roman Catholic Church becomes involved in politicalaffairs

Monarchs and other leaders questions the popes authorityand wealth

Martin Luther posts the 95 Thesis Printing Press spreads Reform ideas

Founding of Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, and otherprotestant churches

The Catholic Reformation Weakening of the Holy Roman Empire

New Protestant Denominations

Lutheran

Truth in Bible Alone Salvation through Faith 2 Sacraments (Baptism, Communion)

Calvinist

Truth in Bible alone Predestination 2 Sacraments (Baptism, Communion_

Anglican (Church of England)

King is Head of Church- Henry VIII

Book of Common Prayer- Elizabeth Similar to Catholicism

Acts of Religious Toleration

Edict of Nantes (France)- Religious toleration for all Peace of Augsburg (Holy Roman Empire)- Each Prince chooses their territories religion Act of Uniformity Elizabethan Settlement (England)- England requires everyone to follow the Church of England,

does not interrogate people about their private beliefs

Important Artists Works

Leonardo Da Vinci Mona Lisa, Last Supper

Michelangelo David, Sistine Chapel

Raphael School of Athens

Machiavelli The Prince

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2.6 Civilization of the Americas Yellow Book (186-208) Red Book (198-212)

Civilizations

Olmec

Mesoamerica Oldest Civilization

Mayan

Mesoamerica City-States Agricultural Technology; Calendar, Writing System, Mathematics

Aztec

Mesoamerica Empire

-Capital (Tenochtitlan)

-conquered territories owe tribute

Religion-human sacrifice common

Incan

South America Empire

- Sapa Inca has absolute power- Incan-Socialist Society

Technology; Roads, Surgery, Metalworking, the QuipuIroquois

North America Alliance of 5 tribes- Make decisions on a council Matriarchal Society- Clan Mother chooses council members

2.7 Global Age YB (446-456)(470-481)(487-498) Red Book (380-408)

Important European Explorers

Vasco De Gama (Portugal) Sailed around Cape of Good Hope

Christopher Columbus (Spain) Sailed west across Atlantic Ocean to Caribbean

Ferdinand Magellan (Spain) Circumnavigated the Globe

Region Settled Country/Conquistador Purpose Effects

Mexico Spain/Hernan Cortes Find Gold -Disease

-Mexico becomes Catholic

-The Casta System Emerges

-Enomienda System & African

Slave trade

Peru Spain/Francisco Pizarro Find Gold Same

Brazil Portugal Establish Settlements,Agricultural Plantations

Large scale importation ofAfricans from the Slave Trade

Effects

Columbian Exchange- foods ideas and technologies are exchanged between the hemispheres Inflation- Rising prices occur along with an increase in the money supply Price Revolution- Rising prices are coupled with inflation Mercantilism- European countries adopt mercantilist policies, such as establishing colonies, increasing exports, and limiting

imports to compete for trade and empire.

Triangle Trade- Three legged international trade network. Linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas2.8 The Age of Absolutism Yellow Book (502-538) Red Book (452-474)

Key RulersCountry Key Rulers Key Events in

Spain Charles V, Philip II Lost Spanish territories due toReligious Wars (Spanish Armada

attacks England)

France Henry IV, Louis XIII, Louis XIV Increased the power of themonarchy, absolutism

Russia Peter the Great Westernized RussiaBritain Charles I, Oliver Cromwell, Charles II,

James II, William and Mary English Civil War Glorious Revolution England progressively becomes

constitutional (limited) monarchy

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