2.BLOCKDIAGRAM · Here we are trying to develop an automatic system it is used to works in two modes, the power saving mode and security mode. Based on programming the relay operates

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PIR SENSOR BASED ENERGY CONSERVATION AND SECURITY SYSTEM

1Dr.V.Jayalakshmi,

2Sudhamshu Patel

1Associate Professor,

2UG Student

Department of EEE

BIHER, BIST, Bharath University

Chennai- 600073.

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Easy way to conserve electrical energy is to turn off lights and fans when they

are not being used. To save the electrical energy we are implementing PIR

sensor in our household, corporate sectors, institutions, corridors, shopping

malls, basement parking area etc. places where it senses the body motion and

automatically switch on/off the loads. By the use of PIR Sensor, considerable

energy can be saved by switching off the lights when the space is not in use.

Here we are trying to develop an automatic system it is used to works in two

modes, the power saving mode and security mode. Based on programming the

relay operates according to persons movement usingsignals coming from

passive infrared (PIR) sensor and by the help of microcontroller, to reach our

objective.

Keywords:passive infrared (PIR) sensor,security system,conserves electrical energy

1. INTRODUCTION

Now a days, we can see that the living standard of peoples highly increased.

The living standard of any country mainly depends upon it’s per capita

income, which directly proportional to their per capita energy consumption.

As the per capita energy consumption increases the country becomes more

developed. Due to rapid population growth our per capita energy

consumption rate is very low, according to a survey in India per capita

energy consumption rate is 734 units which is very less compare to world

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 119 No. 12 2018, 8041-8051ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

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energy consumption rate 2782 units. [1-4]So to developed living standard

high we must generate more electrical power . But in our country the main

problem is unequal proportionality between energy demand and energy

generation, as per the survey in the year 2011-2012 the total energy

generation is 1,14,167 MW whereas the demand is 1,52,746 MW and in the

year 2016-2017 the generation and demand should be 1,92,066 MW,

2,18,269 MW respectively.So to increase per capita energy consumption

rate we must find alternative way to fulfil the power demand. In the field of

electrical energy we cannot store it, until there is a load associated with

power generation source .So we can say that the energy saved is equal to

energy generated.[5-9]Thus conserving of energy is very important, to

improve our per capita energy consumption rate. It has been estimated that a

single unit of energy saved at the end use point is equal to 2.3 units of

energy produced. If energy efficient methods are implemented properly

about 25000 MW equivalent capacity of power can be saved through

promotion of energy efficient measures.[10-14]

2.BLOCKDIAGRAM

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

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Figure 1Block diagram of PIR sensor based energy

conservation and security system.

2.1 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

In this paper, the operation of relay is based on the feedback given by the

PIR sensors and on the microcontroller programming. The whole system works

on two modes, power saving mode and security mode with the help of selector

switch. At power saving mode operation, the signals obtained from the PIR

sensor located in different areas direct the microcontroller to operate the relay

circuit. [15-19]As any person enters into PIR sensor range, the infra redwaves

emitted by their bodies are sensed and a signal is given to the microcontroller. If

the system is on power saving mode the relay coil energize and switch on the

load like tube lights, fans etc. And as the person leaves the loads are

disconnected and lights are automatically switched offs. In case of security

mode, based on microcontroller programming if a person enters the region after

specified time the alarm will buzz. On the other hand, the LM 35 temperature

sensor gives signal to the microcontroller according to temperature change. And


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based on programming the speed of fan will automatically changed to save the

electric power.[20-25]The change in temperature will be displayed in LCD

through microcontroller interfacing.

2.2PASSIVE INFRARED SENSOR

The PIR Sensor Switch Can Detect the Infrared Rays released by Human Body

Motion within the Detection Area (14 Meters), and Start the Load - Light

Automatically.[26-29] This Unit is Suitable for Outdoor Use (Corridor,

Staircase, Courtyard etc.). It has been estimated that a single unit of energy

saved at the end use point is equal to 2.3 units of energy produced. If energy

efficient methods are implemented properly about 25000mw equivalent

capacity of power can be created through promotion of energy efficient

measures. [30-35]

PIR sensors allow us to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a

human has moved in or out of the sensors range. They are small, inexpensive,

low-power, easy to use and don't wear out. For that reason they are commonly

found in appliances and gadgets used in homes or businesses. They are often

referred to as PIR, "Passive Infrared", "Pyroelectric", or "IR motion"

sensors.PIRs are basically made of a pyroelectric sensor (which can be seen

above as the round metal can with a rectangular crystal in the center), which

can detect levels of infrared radiation. Everything emits some low level

radiation, and the hotter something is, [36-39]the more radiation is emitted.

The sensor in a motion detector is actually split in two halves. The reason for

that is that we are looking to detect motion (change) not average IR levels. The

two halves are wired up so that they cancel each other out. If one half sees

more or less IR radiation than the other, the output will swing high or low.The

PIR Sensor senses the motion of a human body by the change in surrounding

ambient temperature when a human body passes across.Then it turns on the


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lighting load to which it is connected.The lighting load remains on until it

senses motion.Once the motion is seized it switches off the lighting

load.During the night,[40-42] the LUX adjustment knob allows us to adjust the

luminosity based on which the lighting load will either switch on/off

automatically.[43-45]

Figure 2 working of pir sensor

Figure 3 PIR sensor module

3. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION


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Figure 4 Hardware kit

CONCLUSION

PIR SENSOR based load operating system is not limited for any particular

application, it can be used any where in a process industries with little

modifications in software coding according to the requirements. This concept

not only ensures that our work will be usable in the future but also provides the

flexibility to adapt and extend, as needs change.

In this paper we have studied and implemented a complete working model using

a P89V51DR2 microcontroller. The programming and interfering of


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microcontroller has been mastered during the implementation. This work

includes the study of automation and energy saving system in many

applications.

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Documents

2.BLOCKDIAGRAM · Here we are trying to develop an automatic system it is used to works in two modes, the power saving mode and security mode. Based on programming the relay operates