I. Reading

Passage 1: Read the passage and do the task that follows

Calcite-containing dust particles blow into the air and combine with nitric acid in

polluted air from factories to form an entirely new particle-calcium nitrate. These

nitrates have optical and chemical properties that are completely different from

those of the original dry dust particles. Due to this, climate models need to be

updated to reflect this chemistry. Calcite dust is common in arid areas such as Israel,

where this past winter scientists collected particles for analysis.

Working from a mountaintop, the team collected dust that had blown from the

northern shores of Egypt, Sinai, and southern Israel. The particles had combined with

air containing pollutant that came from Cairo. They analyzed nearly 2,000 individual

particles and observed the physical and chemical changes at the W.R Wiley

Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory.

An important change in the properties of the newly formed nitrate particles is that

they absorb water and retain moisture. These particles can scatter and absorb

sunlight-presenting climate modelers, who need to know where the energy is going, a

new wild card to deal with. Other studies of dust samples from the Sahara ad the

Saudi Arabian coast and loess form China show that the higher the calcium in the

mineral, the more reactive they are with nitric acid. In fact, once the particle is

changed, it stays that way.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

a. There is a new particle called calcium nitrate.

b. Factories are polluting the environment.

c. Climate models have to be updated because of the new particle calcium

nitrate.

d. Calcium nitrate has chemical properties different from other dust particles.

2. Why do climate models need to be updated to reflect the chemistry of calcium

nitrate?

a. The new particles can absorb water and retain moisture.

b. The new particles can scatter and absorb sunlight.

c. to stop acid dust.

d. both A and B

3. Do the particles react with nitric acid?

a. No, but they continue to absorb the sun’s energy b. No, and the particles do not

change

c. Yes, but the changes are temporary d. Yes, and the changes are

permanent

4. Which of the following may be a result of these particles?

a. The change of an ice age is increased b. We may see more rainbows

c. The greenhouse effects are increased. d. We may see an increase in

carbon dioxide.

5. Why does the passage begin with a description of the properties of calcium nitrate?

a. to give background information so the reader can understand the topic

better

b. Because calcium nitrate is the main idea.

c. to show how elements combine to create calcium nitrate

d. to prove the existence of calcium nitrate

6. The word ‘those’ in paragraph 1 refers to…

a. nitrates b. properties c. particles d. models

7. In the scientists’ research, where did the pollutants come from originally?

a. arid areas b. the Saudi Coast c. Cairo d. the Sahara

desert

8. It can be inferred that ‘retain’ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to…

a. hold b. lose c. increase d. need

9. What is the purpose of the passage?

a. to convince the reader that calcium nitrate is bad

b. to inform the reader of a new problem in climate modeling

c. to show how calcium nitrate was created

d. to show where calcium nitrate was first discovered

10. In the third paragraph. What does the term ‘wild card’ mean?

a. an unknown card in a card gameb. an unknown item in the scientists’

calculations

c. a large amount of acid dust d. none of the above

Passage 2: Read the passage and then fill in each gap with ONE suitable

word.

The mosquito is an insect that …1….some of the worst diseases of man and animals.

Certain kinds of mosquitoes…2…….the germs that cause such serious diseases as

encephalitis, malaria, and yellow …3…. When a mosquito bites, it may leave germs

behind. Many kinds of mosquitoes do not spread disease, …4…. they have painful

bites.

Mosquitoes are found in all part of the world, …5….near the North Pole. Most kinds

of mosquitoes that cause disease live in the hot, damp land near the equator. In some

countries mosquitoes often …6….in great swarms that look like clouds. They attack

men, interfering with such work as fishing, lumbering, and mining.

Man controls mosquitoes in many ways. Scientists have developed chemicals…..7…

insecticides, which kill mosquitoes and other insects. Small amounts if these

chemicals kill mosquitoes…8… sprayed in homes, garages….9…they grow.

Mosquitoes lay their eggs in marshes, swamps, and other pools of quiet water.

Engineers may build canals through marshes to drain off the …10…, and often fill

small pools and swamps with soil.

Key

1. spreads 2. carry 3. fever 4. but 5. even

6. gather 7. called 8. when 9. where 10. water

II. Supply the correct form of the words given in CAPITAL.

1. Marc is a great RESEARCH………………………; he has devoted all his life to doing

scientific study on renewable energy.

2. The CONSUME………………………..of energy has increased steadily.

3. FORTUNATE………………………, it had been raining all day, so we had to postpone

the match.

4. An ECOLOGY………….…is said to study the relation between organism and their

environment.

5. This country has benefited the PLENTY………………………..supply of cheap fuel.

6. He was EXCITEMENT ……………………to be asked to play for the M.U.

7. He became internationally FAME………………………..for his novels.

8. This magazine only aims at TEEN……………………………..

9. Uncle Ho is well-known for his MODEST………………………….

10. By bringing HAPPY ……………………….to other people, you will be happy, too.

Key

1. researcher 2. consumption

3. Unfortunately 4. ecologist

5. plentiful 6. excited

7. famous 8. teenagers

9. modesty 10. happiness

III. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable preposition

1. That book was written ................... Wilbur Smile

2. Would you like to go ................... a walk with me?

3. We fell .................love on a hot summer night

4. It is similar in taste ................... a banana

5. This article refers ................... the events of last year

Key

1. by 2. for 3. in 4. to 5. to

IV. Finish the following sentences without changing their meanings.

1. It is important for him to do well on his exam.

It is important………………………………………………………………………………….

2. If I were the Queen, I would reduce taxes.

Were…………………………………………………………………………………………...

3. Sally finally managed to get a job.

Sally finally succeeded………………………………………………………………………..

4. “I’m sorry that I broke the glass”, said Peter.

Peter apologized……………………………………………………………………………….

5. The garden still needs digging.

The garden hasn’t……………………………………………………………………………...

6. Whose is that car outside the gate?

Who does………………………………………………………………………………………

7. I have never seen such a mess in my life.

Never in……………………………………………………………………………………….

8. You really should be able to dress yourself by now, Elsie.

It’s time you……………………………………………………………………………………

9. I often get up early.

I am used………………………………………………………………………………………

10. He never suspected that the money had been stolen.

At no time……………………………………………………………………………………..

Key1. It is important that he do well on his exam.2. Were I the Queen, I would reduce taxes.3. Sally finally succeeded in getting a job.4. Peter apologized for breaking the glass.5. The garden hasn’t been dug.6. Who does that car outside the gate belong to?7. Never in my life have I seen such a mess.8. It’s time you were able to dress yourself, Elsie.9. I am used to getting up early.10. At no time did he suspect that the money had been

stolen.V. Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space in the flowing passage. The shark is a meat- eating fish and one of the most feared animals of the sea. Scientists (1)…… about 250 species of fish as sharks. These fish live in oceans (2)……..the world, but they are most common in warm seas.

Sharks (3)……….greatly in size and habits. Whale sharks, the largest kind of shark, may grow 60 feet long. A whale shark weighs up to 15 tons, more than twice (4)………….much as an African elephant. The smallest shark may (5)………..only 4 inches long and weigh less than 1 ounce. Some kinds of sharks live in the depths of the ocean, but (6)…………are found near the surface. Some species live in coastal waters, but others (7)…………far out at sea. A few species can even live in (8)…………..water.

All sharks are carnivores (meat- eaters). Most of them eat (9)…………fish, including other sharks. A shark’s only natural enemy is a large shark. Sharks eat their prey

whole, or they tear off large chunks of flesh. They also (10)…..on dead or dying animals.1. A. classify B. divide C. organize D. arrange2. A. all B. through C. throughout D. over3. A. grow B. rise C. evolve D. vary4. A. as B. so C. very D. exactly5. A. stretch B. measure C. develop D. expand6. A. some others B. others C. different kinds D. some sharks7. A. dwell B. exist C. emigrate D. migrate8. A. fresh B. sweet C. light D. clear9. A. uncooked B. live C. lively D. alive10. A. eat B. swallow C. exist D. feedVI. Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences

1. Tom and Mary never came to class late. ..................................

A. So did we B. Neither did we C. We did either D.

Neither we did

2. I remember ....................to Hanoi when I was a very small child.

A. taking B. to take C. to be taken D. being taken

3. Helen asked me ......................the film called “Star Wars”.

A. if I had seen B. have I seen C. have you seen D. if had I seen

4. At first I found ......................to get used to .....................on the other side of the

road.

A. it difficult - drive B. difficult - drive

C. it difficult - driving D. difficult- driving

5. Had we known your new address, we .................to see you.

A. would have come B. will come C. would come D. came

6. I don’t believe a word she said; I think he just made.......................that story.

A. out B. up C. off D. down

7. She warned me........................

A. to not do it B. I should do it C. about to do it D. not to do it

8. .................had they recovered from the first earthquake when they felt the second

tremor.

A. Scarely B. Never C. No sooner D. Just

9. Jason’s professor had him.................his thesis many times before allowing him to

present it to the committee.

A. rewrites B. rewriting C. rewrite D. to rewrite

10. The problems .......last year caused to the committee members to table the

proposal temporarily.

A. were discovered B. which was discovered C. that discovered D.

discovered

VII. Give the correct tense of the verbs in brackets:

Jane (1. join). ..............our firm twelve years ago. She had worked for the

previous seven years with an advertising company and (2. acquire)....................much

useful experience. For the first eight years with us, she (3. work)..................in the

Sales Department, and (4. work)...................there when I became a Managing

Director. Since then she (5. work)................as my personal assistant, and

(6.prove).........................herself to be outstandingly capable on many occasions. She

(7.work) ..................... on the top floor, in an office next to mine, but at the moment

she (8.work).......................in London on a special assignment.

Key

1. joined 2. had acquired

3. worked/ was working 4. was working

5. has been working/has worked 6. has proved

7. works 8. is working

VIII. Mistake identification: Find the one mistake ( A,B,C or D) in each

sentence.

1. John's wisdom teeth were troubling him, so he went to a dental surgeon to see

about having

A B

them pull.

C D (pulled)

2. Many of the early work of T.S. Eliot expresses the anguish and barrenness of

modern life and the

A (much) B C

isolation of the individual.

D

3. An increasing number of office works use computer programs as daily routine.

A B C (workers) D

4. Among the world's 44 richest countries, there has been not war since 1945.

A B C C (no)

5. New universities are being establish at a slower rate nowadays due to the lack of

federal and

A B(established) C D

state funds.

6. As you come to each town, however small, you will see a sign which states the

name of the town

A B C

and how many inhabitants does it h a ve .

D (it has)

7. Graphology, the science of handwriting analysis, has interested people as far

back as the 2nd

A B C (had interested)

D

century. IX. PhoneticsA. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from others in each group.1.a. effective                 b. eradicate             c. expend               d.

ethnic

2.a. development         b. consumption         c. psychology        d.

prepare

3.a. doubt                     b. tomb                    c. reasonable        d.

debt

4.a. honorable            b. honesty                 c. heir                    d.

historic

5.a. private                   b. illiterate                 c. educate            d.

accurate

B. Stress: Choose the word whose main stress is different form others in each

group.

1) A. feeling B. believe C. ready D. easy

2) A. acquaintance B. interest C. capable D. sympathy

3) A. experience B. embarrass C. floppy D. embrace

4) A. idol B. video C. birthday D. imagine

5) A. cotton B. happen C. extreme D.

quickly

X. Writing

The world is experiencing a dramatic increase in population. This is causing

problems not only for poor, developing countries, but also for industrialized

and developed nations

Describe some of the problems that over population causes and suggest at least one

possible solution. (You should write from 200 to 250 words)

Reference

In most countries of the world the population is increasing alarmingly. This is

especially true in poor, developing and even in developed countries. Overpopulation

causes a considerable number of problems

In poor countries, it is difficult to provide enough food to feed even the present

number of people. In addition, education to limit the number of children per family is

not always successful. Poorer countries usually have a lot of unemployment too, and

an increase in population simply makes the situation worse. The environment also

suffers when there are too many people living on the land.

In rich, industrialized and developing countries it is very difficult for

governments to provide effective public services in overcrowded cities. Moreover,

there is usually a great deal more crime which is often due to high rates of

unemployment. Further large increases in population only cause more overcrowding

unemployment and crime.

There are two main solutions to the overpopulation problem. Firstly, every

woman who is pregnant but who does not want to give birth should be allowed by law

to have an abortion. Secondly, governments must educate people to limit the size of

the family.

To sum up, if the population explosion continues, many more people will die of

starvation in poor countries, and life in the cities, even in rich nations, will become

increasingly difficult (221 words)