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7/23/2019 256498710 Informe 05 Quimica General AII
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FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA E INGENIERÍAQUÍMICA
LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA GENERAL AII
E.A.P QUÍMICA 07.1
• ASIGNATURA: LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA GENERAL AII• GRUPO: VIERNES: 5:00 – 9:00• SEMESTRE:2014 – II• PROFESOR:Ing. BEJAR RAMOS M!n"#$
INFORME Nº 5NEUTRALIZACIÓN – EVAPORACIÓN
INTEGRANTES:
• 140%0005 C#&!$$'( O$)*#+! C!+$'(• 140%00,- M#g' # $! C+"/ +' #*)n• 140%0003 C!'++' A(6' D#n) O(7!$'
C)"! "n)*#+()6!+)! 1% # '86"&+# # 20
CONTENIDO
RESUMEN........................................................................................................................-
OBJETIVOS:......................................................................................................................-
RINCIIOS TERICOS.....................................................................................................-
NEUTRALI;ACIN.........................................................................................................-
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<CIDOS = BASES..........................................................................................................4
T)6"$!8)'n >'+ +#6+'8#(' ' 6)6"$!8)'n )n)+#86!..............................................................4
+'"88)?n # !'n)!8'..............................................................................................5
C'n6#n)' # <$8!$)( #n "n! ('$"8)?n:.........................................................................5
DETALLES E@ERIMENTALES...........................................................................................3
ROCEDIMIENTO E@ERIMENTAL:...................................................................................3
A. O&6#n8)?n # !'n)!8'......................................................................................3
B. M#/8$! # $8!$)(.................................................................................................%
DISCUSIN DE RESULTADOS...........................................................................................%
C<LCULOS.......................................................................................................................,
A. O&6#n8)?n # A'n)!8'....................................................................................,
B. M#/8$! # <$8!$)(...............................................................................................9
CUESTIONARIO..............................................................................................................11
CONCLUSIONES.............................................................................................................14
REERENCIAS................................................................................................................14
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RESUMEN
E(6# )n'+# (# 8#n6+! #n #6#+)n!+ $! 8!n6)! # !'n)!8' "# ! #n "n! "#(6+!# N4C$ F8$'+"+' # !'n)' #)!n6# #$ H6'' # n#"6+!$)/!8)?n#*!>'+!8)?n !"# >'+ #(6# H6'' $'g+!'( #$))n!+ F#*!>'+!n' $! ('$"8)?n 6'' #$ !'n)!8' "#(# '+! >'+ 6)6"$!8)?n )n)+#86! #( >'()&$# #6#+)n!+ $! 8!n6)! # !'n)!8' "#(# '+? #n n"#(6+' 8!(' +#("$6? -1.%% g.
!+! >'#+ 8!$8"$!+ #$ >#(' #$ !'n)!8' #)!n6# #$ H6'' # n#"6+!$)/!8)?n (#>"' '&(#+*!+ "# #$ #")*!$#n6# g+!' #$ N!O #n #8#(' #( )g"!$ !$ #")*!$#n6#g+!' #$ C$ "# #$ #")*!$#n6# g+!' #$ N!O "# +#!88)'n! #( )g"!$ !$#")*!$#n6# g+!' #$ N- #*!>'+!'. D# )g"!$ !n#+! (# 6+!6! 8'n "n! "#(6+! #$8!$)( >!+! #6#+)n!+ #$ >'+8#n6!# # >#(' # ("( 8'>"#(6'( #(6! *#/ "(!'( #$H6'' # 6)6"$!8)?n 8)'&!(# >'+ H(6# H6'' "6)$)/!n' "n! ('$"8)?n # C$ (#
>"## +#!$)/!+ $! #6#+)n!8)?n 8"!n6)6!6)*! # $8!$)( #n n"#(6+' 8!(' '&6"*)'(0.145g # N!2CO- 0.1-g # N!CO- 8'n "n >'+8#n6!# # #++'+ # -.-K 1-.-K+#(>#86)*!#n6# >!+! #$$' "6)$)/!'( )n)8!'+#( 8'' #n'$6!$#n! #$ !n!+!n!'# #6)$'.
OBETIVOS:
• D#6#+)n!+ #$ 8'n6#n)' # !'n)!8' >'+ #$ H6'' # n#"6+!$)/!8)?n
#*!>'+!n' ("( ('$"8)'n#(.
• A>$)8!+ #$ H6'' # 6)6"$!8)?n >'+ +#6+'8#(' ' 6)6"$!8)?n )n)+#86!.
• D#6#+)n!+ $! 8'>'()8)?n # "n! #/8$! # $8!$)( #n "n! ('$"8)?n >'+#$ H6'' # 6)6"$!8)?n 8)' – &!(#.
PRINCIPIOS TEÓRICOS
NEUTRALI;ACIN
Un! +#!88)?n 8'n #n ('$"8)?n !8"'(! #( !"#$$! 'n# #$ )?n )+'n)' F-O ' )n)+?g#n' F "# >+'*)#n# # "n 8)' +#!88)'n! 8'n #$ )'n ')+)$' O # "n! &!(#>!+! '+!+ !g"! 8'' (# )n)8! ! 8'n6)n"!8)?n.
F!8 O F!8 2O F$
C"!n' (# n#"6+!$)/! #>#+)#n6!$#n6# "n 8)' "#+6# 8'n "n! &!(# "#+6#
C$ F!8 N!O F!8 N!C$ F!8 2O F$
L! ('$"8)?n +#("$6!n6# #( 8'>$#6!#n6# n#"6+!.
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<CIDOS = BASES
A!!"#$%&': #Pn# ! "n 8)' 8'' "n! ("(6!n8)! "# #n ('$"8)?n !8"'(! g#n#+! )'n#(
"n! &!(# 8'' "n! ("(6!n8)! "# #n ('$"8)?n !8"'(! g#n#+! )'n#( O
B!($')#* + L(,!-: #Pn# ! "n 8)' 8'' "n! ("(6!n8)! 'n!'+! # "n! &!(#8'' "n! ("(6!n8)! !8#>6'+! # .
L#,%': #Pn# ! "n! &!(# 8'' "n! ("(6!n8)! 'n!'+! # #$#86+'n#( "n 8)'8'' $! ("(6!n8)! "# >"## 8'>!+6)+ ' !8#>6!+ #$#86+'n#(.
T'!( $!( ("(6!n8)!( "# ('n 8)'( ' &!(#( (#gn A++#n)"( ' B+'n(6# L'7+ $' ('n6!&)Hn (#gn L#7)(.
E$ H6'' # 6)6"$!8)?n 8)' &!(# Fn#"6+!$)/!8)?n 8'>+#n# 6'!( $!(#6#+)n!8)'n#( &!(!!( #n $! +#!88)?n:
F!8 O F!8 2O F$
'+ #(6# H6'' "6)$)/!n' "n! ('$"8)?n # !$gn 8)' # 8'n8#n6+!8)?n 8'n'8)! (#>"## +#!$)/!+ $! #6#+)n!8)?n 8"!n6)6!6)*! # $8!$)( F/%*%#)! ' #>$#!n' "n!('$"8)?n *!$'+!! # !$gn $8!$) (# >"## #6#+)n!+ $! 8'n8#n6+!8)?n # $'( 8)'(# "n! #/8$! F2/2%#)!.
TITULACION OR RETROCESO O TITULACION INDIRECTA.
En !$g"n!( 6)6"$!8)'n#( #$ (!$6' # > "# (# >+'"8# #n 8#+8!n! #$ >"n6'#")*!$#n6# #( #!()!' >#"#' >!+! '&6#n#+ "n! &"#n! +#(>"#(6! #$)n)8!'+. En '6+'( 8!('( >"## ("8##+ "# !"n"# $! 8'n(6!n6# ##")$)&+)' (#! g+!n# $! *#$'8)! ! $! "# '8"++# $! +#!88)?n n' #( $'("P8)#n6##n6# g+!n# >'+! 8'n"8)+ ! "n !g+#g!' #n #8#(' #6)6"$!n6#. En 6''( #(6'( 8!('( #( >'()&$# #>$#!+ "n +#8"+(' #>#+)#n6!$>!+! >'#+ +#!$)/!+ $! *!$'+!8)?n. S# !!# "n *'$"#n #n #8#('>#+#86!#n6# #)' # "n +#!86)*'. D# #(6! !n#+! (# 8'n()g"# "#+#!88)'n# 6'' #$ !n!$)6' >'(6#+)'+#n6# (# *!$'+! #$ #8#(' # +#!86)*'.
S# !8"# ! +#6+'*!$'+!8)?n ():
• L! +#!88)?n 8'n #$ *!$'+!n6# #( $#n6!• E$ #")$)&+)' n' #(6 &)#n #(>$!/!' !8)! $! '+!8)?n # >+'"86'( #(
n#8#(!+)' #8#(' # +#!86)*'• N' #)(6# H6'' !#8"!' >!+! )n)8!+ #$ >"n6' Pn!$ ' #( ( 8$!+' #$ # $!
+#6+'*!$'+!8)?n
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RODUCCIN DE AMONIACO
L! +#!88)?n !$8!$)n! >+'"8)! !$ #/8$!+ "n! ('$"8)?n !8"'(! # N4C$ 8'n "n!
('$"8)?n !8"'(! # N!O n'( )n)8! $! '+!8)?n # N4O #$ 8"!$ !$ (#+ 8!$#n6!'$)&#+! N- #)!n6# $!( ()g")#n6#( +#!88)'n#(:
N4C$ F!8 2N!O F!8 N4O F!8 N!C$ F!8 N!O F!8
N4O 8!$'+ N- Fg 2O F$
E34(!/%$ + C($*#$'/%$: S'n '( >+'8#('( " +#$!8)'n!'( 'n# !$g"n!('$H8"$!( *#n8#n $!( "#+!( # !6+!88)?n (!$#n ! $! (">#+P8)# #$ $")' (#6+!n('+!n #n g!( F*!>'+)/!8)?n. !+! +#g+#(!+ !$ #(6!' g!(#'(' $' !8#n ! 6+!*H(# $! 8'n#n(!8)?n.
CONTENIDO DE <LCALIS EN UNA SOLUCIN:
S) (# 6)#n# "n! #/8$! >+'&$#! "# 8'++#(>'n# ! "n! #/8$! # '( ' ( $8!$)(8'' N!2CO- ' N!CO- #(6# H6'' #( !>+'>)!' >!+! #6#+)n!+ $!( >+'>'+8)'n#(#n "# (# #n8"#n6+! 8!! "n' # $'( 8'>'n#n6#( # $! #/8$! "# >"## #(6!+ #n!(# $")! ' (?$)!. D# )g"!$ !n#+! (# >"## !n!$)/!+ "n! #/8$! # N!O N!CO-.
In)8)!$#n6# (# 6)6"$! 8'n C$ $! #/8$! # 8!+&'n!6' &)8!+&'n!6' "(!n'#n'$6!$#n! 8'' )n)8!'+ !(6! "# 6'' #$ 8!+&'n!6' >!(! ! &)8!+&'n!6'
Pn!$#n6# (# 6)6"$! #$ &)8!+&'n!6' '+!' #$ # $! "#(6+! "(!n' 8'' )n)8!'+!n!+!n!' # #6)$' !(6! n#"6+!$)/!8)?n 8'>$#6!.
En $! 6)6"$!8)?n # $! #/8$! (# >+'"8#n $!( ()g")#n6#( +#!88)'n#(:
CO-2 CO-
CO- 2CO-
C'' (# *# #n $!( #8"!8)'n#( #$ 8!+&'n!6' # (')' (# 6+!n('+! >+)#+' #n&)8!+&'n!6' #n #(6# 8!(' #$ > #$! ('$"8)?n *!+! # 113 ! ,-. S) !n6#( # #>#/!+$! 6)6"$!8)?n ! $! ('$"8)?n (# $# !g+#g! #n'$6!$#n! H(6! !")#+# "n 8'$'+ +'' *)*' !$>!(!+ >'+ #$ >"n6' # #")*!$#n8)! "# 8'++#(>'n# !$ >"n6' Pn!$ # $! '+!8)?n #&)8!+&'n!6' # (')' $! ('$"8)?n (# #8'$'+! F> 3. S) ! #(6! ('$"8)?n (# $# !g+#g!#$ !n!+!n!' # #6)$' $! ('$"8)?n 6'! "n 8'$'+ n!+!n! ' !!+)$$' !(6! #$ '#n6'#n "# $! 6'6!$)! #$ &)8!+&'n!6' (# 6+!n('+! #n 8)' 8!+&?n)8' F> 4 $!('$"8)?n !")#+# "n 8'$'+ +'' +#(!.
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DETALLES E6PERIMENTALES
MATERIALES:
M!6+!/ E+$#n##+ # 250 L B"+#6! # 50 L S'>'+6# "n)*#+(!$ >)n/! >!+! &"+#6!. )8#6! B!g"#6! )>#6! # 10 L >+'>)>#6! C'8)n)$$! #$H86+)8!
REACTIVOS:
C$'+"+' # !'n)' N4C$
)+?)' # S')' N!O 05 N F044N <8)' 8$'++)8' 05 N F049N In)8!'+ An!+!n!' # M#6)$' #n'$6!$#n! !g"! #(6)$!! !>#$ # 6'+n!('$ M"#(6+! F#/8$! # $8!$)(
PROCEDIMIENTO E6PERIMENTAL:
A. OBTENCIN DE AMONIACO
En "n! $"n! # +#$' >#(!'( 0-0 g # N4C$ $"#g' #n "n *!(' #>+#8)>)6!'( )('$*)'( #$ 8'>"#(6' 8'n 100 L # !g"!
D#(6)$!! $)>)!n' $'( &'+#( # $! $"n! # +#$' >!+! n' #!+ +#()"'(.U(!'( $! &!g"#6! >!+! !g)6!+ $! ('$"8)?n.
Ag+#g!'( $! ('$"8)?n ! "n !6+!/ E+$#n##+. U6)$)/!n' "n! >)>#6! # 10 L !g+#g!'( 20 L # N!O 044 N ! $! ('$"8)?n
#n #$ !6+!/ E+$#n##+. Ag)6!'( ("!*##n6# C'$'8!'( #$ !6+!/ 8'n $! ('$"8)?n #n "n! 8'8)n)$$! #$H86+)8! $' 8!$#n6!'(
!(6! #$ >"n6' # #&"$$)8)?n. D#!'( "# $! ('$"8)?n (# !n6#ng! #n #&"$$)8)?n )#n6+!( 8'>+'&!'( "#
(# #*!>'+# #$ N- >!+! $' 8"!$ "6)$)/!'( #$ >!>#$ 6'+n!('$. C!$#n6!'( !(6!
"# #$ >!>#$ 6'+n!('$ ## # 6'+n!+(# !/"$ (# !n6#ng! +'(!'. L"#g'#!'( #n+)!+.
En "n! &!g"#6! 8'$'8!'( !>+')!!#n6# 50 L # C$ F!8 049 N. T)6"$!'( 8'n #$ C$ F!8 "6)$)/!n' !n!+!n!' # #6)$' 8'' )n)8!'+ F2 ! -
g'6!( #(6# 8!&)!+ # 8'$'+ 8"!n' #$ C$ F!8 !! +#!88)'n!' 8'n 6'' #$+#!n#n6# # N!O 8'n6#n)' #n #$ !6+!/. L"#g' !n'6!'( #$ *'$"#ng!(6!' # 8)' #n $! n#"6+!$)/!8)?n.
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B. ME;CLA DE <LCALIS
R#8)&)'( #$ >+'#('+ "n! "#(6+! 8'++#(>'n)#n6# ! "n! #/8$! # N!2CO- N!CO- 8"' >'+8#n6!# n' (# 8'n'8#.
En "n *!(' # >+#8)>)6!'( )('$*)'( $! #/8$! #n !>+')!!#n6# 100 L
# !g"! #(6)$!! $"#g' !g+#g!'( $! ('$"8)?n ! "n !6+!/ E+$#n##+ +'8##'( ! +#!$)/!+ $! 6)6"$!8)?n "6)$)/!n' #$ C$ F!8 049 N )n)8)!$#n6#
"(!'( 8'' )n)8!'+ $! #n'$6!$#n! F- ! 4 g'6!( !(6! "# #(6! 8!&)# #8'$'+!8)?n $"#g' +#g)(6+!'( #$ *'$"#n # 8)' "6)$)/!'. A 8'n6)n"!8)?n!g+#g!'( # !n!+!n!' # #6)$' F- ! 4 g'6!( (#g")'( 6)6"$!n' 8'n #$)(' 8)' !(6! #$ 8!&)' # 8'$'+ F+'' +#(! $"#g' !n'6!'( #$ *'$"#ng!(6!' # 8)'.
C'n #$ *'$"#n g!(6!' # 8)' #n 8!! >!+6# # $! 6)6"$!8)?n )8)'( $'(8$8"$'( +#(>#86)*'(.
DISCUSIÓN DE RESULTADOS
PRODUCCION DE AMONIACO
D# n"#(6+! "#(6+! # N4C$ !$ 8!$#n6!+$' >'+ #)' # #*!>'+!8)?n#$))n!'( #$ !'n)!8' N- "# 8'n !"! # >!>#$ 6'+n!('$ )#n6)P8!'(8"!n' #( "# $'g+!'( #*!>'+!+ 6'' #$ !'n)!8' !() >'+ 6)6"$!8)?n)n)+#86! 8!$8"$!+ 6!$ 8!n6)!.
E( n#8#(!+)' #*!>'+!+ $! ('$"8)?n # N4C$ >"#(6' "# (# #( n#8#(!+)' !+$#"n! g+!n #n#+g! ! $! '$H8"$! >!+! "# (# >"#! #(8'>'n#+ #n N- = 2O
CONTENIDO DE LCALIS EN UNA SOLUCIÓN
'+ #)' # $! 6)6"$!8)?n 6#n)#n' 8'' >!6+?n #(6n!+ ! C$ 0.49N #$ #.gC$ #( )g"!$ !$ #.g # N!2CO- #n )(! +#$!8)?n >!(! 8'n #$ N!CO-
E(6'( 8$8"$'( #(6n $)g!'( ! +#$!8)'n#( #(6#")'#6+)!(
→
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CLCULOS
A. OBTENCIN DE AMONIACO
N(!2%**
!+! $'( 8$8"$'( (# 8'n()#+!+'n $!( ()g")#n6#( n'+!$)!#( #n $'(+#!86)*'(:
N!O F!8 044 N C$ F!8 049 N
NO8 INICIAL #Eq NaOH Inicial = VxN = 20mL x 10-3 x 0,44 N = 0,0088 Eq
NO8 EN E6CESO
#Eq NaOH Exceso = #Eq HCl = Vg x N =,1 x 10-3 x 0,4! N = 0,003" Eq
NO8 REACCIONANTE #Eq NaOH eaccionan$e = #Eq NaOH Inicial % #Eq NaOH Exceso
#Eq NaOH eaccionan$e = 0,0088 % 0,003" = 0,00&3 Eq
MASA DE N89 E N- E N!O R#!88)'n!n6# 0003- E ' NH3 = E N- 1% gE 009043 g 00905 g PORCENTAJE EN PESO Y PORCENTAJE DE ERROR
TEÓRICO
N4O 5-5 g'$ N- 1% g'$
K N- × 100 -1,K
E6PERIMENTAL
K N- ,×100 -01% K
PORCENTAE DE ERROR
K E++'+ , ,× 100 51- K
B. ME;CLA DE <LCALIS D# !n#+! g#n#+!$ 6#n#'( "#:
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N =V ;¿ Eq=
SOLUTO
P . F . = N×V
= $!( +#!88)'n#( ")8!( "# (# $$#*!n ! 8!&' ('n:
Na2CO3 ( HCl ) NaHCO3 ( NaCl
NaHCO3 ( HCl ) H2CO3 ( NaCl
= $! +#!88)?n g#n#+!$: Na2CO3 ( 2HCl ) H2CO3 ( 2NaCl
EEMPLO NCO9
D# $! +#!88)?n g#n#+!$ 6#n#'(: Na2CO3 ) 2Na( ( CO3
-2 En6'n8#( 2 C'': E N!2CO- E C$o V'$"#n C$ g!(6!' 8'n #n'$6!$#n! %9 Lo V'$"#n C$ g!(6!' 8'n !n!+!n!' # #6)$' 9 Lo
V'$"#n C$ g!(6!' 6'6!$ 139 L
Na2CO3
P . F . = N Na2CO3
×V Na2CO3=Vg HCl×N HCl
Na2CO3
106=16,9×10
−3×0,49
MN!2CO- 044 g
EEMPLO N8CO9
D# $! (#)++#!88)?n NaHCO3 ( HCl ) H2CO3 ( NaCl 6#n#'(: NaHCO3 ) HCO3
- ( Na( En6'n8#( 2 C'': E N!2CO- E C$ #$ *'$"#n g!(6!' # C$ #( 1%- L
NaHCO3
P . F . = N NaHCO3×V NaHCO3
=Vg HCl×N HCl
Na2CO3
85=17,3×10
−3×0,49
MN!CO- 0%2 g MEZCLA DE LCALIS
M' *# NCO9 C'': 2 E N!2CO- E C$ #$ *'$"#n g!(6!' # C$ 8'n
#n'$6!$#n! #( # 2, L F8'n()#+!+#'( #$ '&$# #n6'n8#(:
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m Na2 CO 3=16,9×10−
×0,49 × =0,145 g
M' *# N8CO9
C'': 1 E N!CO- E C$ #$ *'$"#n g!(6!' # C$ 8'n!n!+!n!' # #6)$' #( # 59 L #n6'n8#( 8'n()#+!n' "# (#"(!+'n 2, L # C$ #n #$ 8$8"$' # $! !(! # N!2CO- 6#n#'(:
VgN!CO- Vg ANARANJADO DE METILO – Vg N!2CO- 59 – 2, -1 L
= × × × =
P(!/#$);# *# #!!(! C'' $! >+'>'+8)?n #n6+# N!2CO- N!CO- #( 1:1 #n6'n8#( $! !(!
# 8!! "n' #n 0-0 g #+! 015 g >!+! 8!! $8!$) $"#g' 8!$8"$!'( #$>'+8#n6!# # #++'+ # 8!! 8!(':
NCO9
Error= , ,
×100=3,3
N8CO9
Error= , ,
×100=1
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CUESTIONARIO
1. D# !8"#+' 8'n $'( 8$8"$'( +#("$6!'( WC"$ #( #$ >'+8#n6!# # +#n))#n6' #n $!'&6#n8)?n # !'n)!8'X WE( >'()&$# #6#+)n!+ #$ 8'n6#n)' # n)6+?g#n' #n #$
!'n)!8' '&6#n)'X
!$$!'( $! :
T#n#'(:
0.3 g NH 4 Cl × 4
× 3
× 3
=0.0953 g NH 3
A >!+6)+ # $'( 8$8"$'( ! +#!$)/!'( (# '&6"*' "# $!
. C!$8"$!n' #$ >'+8#n6!# # +#n))#n6':
!re"imieto= .
× 100=94.86
. E>$)"# >'+ "H #( n#8#(!+)' #$))n!+ >'+ #*!>'+!8)?n 6'' #$ !'n)!8' >+'"8)'.
D#&)' ! "# n#8#()6!'( $! 6'6!$)! N!O >!+! $! 6)6"$!8)?n. En $!>+)#+! +#!88)?n #(6! #n #8#(' #n $'( >+'"86'( "#!+! !$g' #N!O. L"#g' !$ 8!$#n6!+ $'( >+'"86'( (# #(>+#n# N- $' "# (#&"(8! #( #$))n!+$' 8'>$#6!#n6# ! "# >!+! "n! !#8"!!n#"6+!$)/!8)?n 8'n C$ "# #( "n 8)' "#+6# ('$' #( n#8#(!+)' #$ N!O! "# #( "n! &!(# "#+6# n' #$ N- ! "# #( "n! &!(# H&)$.
9. M#n8)'n# 6+#( >'()&$#( "#n6#( "# >"#!n #6#+)n!+ "n !$6' >'+8#n6!# # #++'+ #n$! #>#+)#n8)!.
A$ '#n6' # >#(!+ #$ $! &!$!n/! 8'n6#n! +#()"'( 8!()
nP'( # 8$'+"+' # !'n)' >'+ #$ 8"!$ g#n#+!+! "n !+g#n # #++'+$! &!$!n/! n' >'(#! "8! >+#8)()?n ! "# ('$' 6)#n# $#86"+! 8'n -8)+!( ()gn)P8!6)*!( !#( #$ !86'+ !&)#n6!$ 6!&)Hn )nY"# ! "#
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#$ *)#n6' >"## g#n#+!+ "n! #(>#8)# # !(! !)8)'n!$ 8'n #$ 8"!$g#n#+!+! "n! !$! #)8)?n # $! &!$!n/!.
D"+!n6# $! #*!>'+!8)?n #$ !'n)!8' >"' !&#+ "#!' +#()"'( n'!&#+(# 8'n(")' 8'>$#6!#n6# g#n#+!n' !$'( 8$8"$'(.
E$ 8'n6#n)' # 8)#+6! 8!n6)! # )>"+#/!( #n $! #/8$! #$
$' 8"!$ 8'n$$#*! !$ 8$8"$' #++?n#' #$ >#(' # $'(
8'>'n#n6#(
<. Un! "#(6+! )>"+! # 0200 g # N!O +#")#+# 1,25 L # C$ 0241 M >!+!
n#"6+!$)/!+(# WQ"H >'+8#n6!# # N!O 8'n6)#n# $! "#(6+!X N#"6+!$)/!n':
NaOH = N HCl × V HCl
NaOH =0.241 # ×18.25 ml ×
C!$8"$!n' #$ K # >"+#/! # N!O #n $! "#(6+! 6#n#'(:
!p$re%a= .
×100=88
5. S) (# !g+#g!n 40 g # N!O ! 500 L # C$ 01 M. L! ('$"8)?n '&6#n)! WS#+ 8)! '&()8!X D#"#(6+! 6" +#(>"#(6!. '+ #Pn)8)?n 6#n#'( "#:
C!$8"$!'( $'( :
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¿eq NaOH = Peq
=
40 g
=0.1eq−g
¿eq HCl= N HCl V HCl=0.1 N ×500 ml × =0.05 eq−g
'+ n#"6+!$)/!8)?n (!&#'( "# >!+! "# ("8#! )8!
#")*!$#n8)! #&# #)(6)+ "n! )(! 8!n6)! 8'n #$ 8"!$ (# +#!$)8# "n! n#"6+!$)/!8)?n8'>$#6!.
O&(#+*!'( "# >'(## "n 0.05#g #n #8#(' $' 8"!$ #Pn# ! n"#(6+!
('$"8)?n 8'' &()8! >'+ #8#(' # .
=. !+! 25 L # ('$"8)?n "# 8'n6)#n# N!2CO- N!CO- #n >+#(#n8)! # #n'$6!$#n!(# g!(6? 95 L # C$ #n >+#(#n8)! # !n!+!n!' # #6)$' 25 L # C$ 003 NWC"n6'( g+!'( # 8!+&'n!6' &)8!+&'n!6' # (')' ! #n 125 L # "#(6+!X
DATOS:
#n'$6!$#n!: 0.03N
An!+!n!' # #6)$': − 0.03N
C!$8"$!'( $! !(! #$ N!2CO-:
Na2CO3
106
=2×0.06 N ×9.5ml×
1ml
. L"#g' 6#n#'(:
−−−−−→
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−−−−−→
'g Na2CO3=
. 2 3
× 125 ml=
0.302 g Na2CO3
C!$8"$!'( $! !(! #$ N!CO-:
NaHCO3
=0.06 N ×15.5 ml ×
.
L"#g' 6#n#'(:
−−−−−→
−−−−−→
'g NaHCO3=
. 3× 125 ml=0.391 g NaHCO3
7. 30 L # C$ 02 N )("#$*# 8'>$#6!#n6# ! "n! "#(6+! (?$)! # C!CO- >!+!n#"6+!$)/!+ #$ C$ #n #8#(' (# g!(6? 1- L # N!O 01 N WC"n6'( g+!'( #8!+&'n!6' (# #n8'n6+!&!n #n $! "#(6+! )n)8)!$X
!+! $! n#"6+!$)/!8)?n # N!O 8'n C$ #n #8#(' 6#n#'(:
( )
( )
. . ( ) . ( ) A$ '&6#n#+ #$ +#("$6!' 6#n#'( "# #$ *'$"#n # 8)' "(!' >!+!
)('$*#+ #$ 8!+&'n!6' # 8!$8)' #(:−
C'n #$ *'$"#n #n8'n6+!' >+'8##'( ! 8!$8"$!+ $! !(! # C!CO-:
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CaCO3
= N HCl× V HCl
CaCO3
100=0.2 N×53.5ml×
1ml
.
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CONCLUSIONES
• En $! +#!88)?n # >+'"88)?n # !'n)!8' #(6# 6)#n# "# (#+ #$))n!'8'>$#6!#n6# >'+ #*!>'+!8)?n >!+! "# $! ('$"8)?n (#! 6'6!$#n6# &()8!
#)!n6# $! 6)6"$!8)?n >'#+ #6#+)n!+ $! 8!n6)! # !'n)!8' #n $! #/8$!• !+! #(6# 6)>' # H6'' #( " 6)$ #$ "(' # )n)8!'+#( ! "# n'( >#+)6#
(!&#+ 8'n >+#8)()?n 8"!n' "n! #/8$! (# ! n#"6+!$)/!' >'+ 8'>$#6'.• E$ #>$#' # $'( 8!6!$)/!'+#( +#g"$!n' $! 6#>#+!6"+! #( >'()&$# '&6#n#+
+#n))#n6'( (!6)(!86'+)'( +#"8)+ !( n"#(6+' !+g#n # #++'+.
REFERENCIAS
BIBLIOGRAÍA:
• VOGEL A+6"+. Q")8! An!$6)8! C"!n6)6!6)*!. E)6'+)!$ !>#$"(/.
V'$"#n I. 19,0.• ZQ")8! $! 8)#n8)! 8#n6+!$[ R!'n C!ng – #nn#6 A. G'$(&
F11*!. E)8)?n. M8G+!7 )$$ In6#+!#+)8!n!. 201-. MH)8'.