24...Income!Inequality!and!Participation A!Comparison!of!24!European!Countries APPENDIX! 26!January!2011 DP!6!-!Appendix Bram!Lancee University!of!Amsterdam Amsterdam!Centre!for!Inequality!Studies

Distributional!Consequences!of!Labor!Demand!Adjustments!to!a!Downturn!Olivier!Bargain,!Herwig!Immervoll,!Andreas!Peichl,!Sebastian!Siegloch

GINI!DISCUSSION!PAPER!6!-!APPENDIXJANUARY!2011

INCOME!INEQUALITY!AND!PARTICIPATION:A!COMPARISON!OF!24!EUROPEAN!COUNTRIES!

APPENDIX

Bram!Lancee!and!Herman!van!de!Werfhorst!

GROWING!INEQUALITIES’!IMPACTS

January 2011

© Bram Lancee, Herman van de Werfhorst, Amsterdam

General contact: [email protected]!

Bibliographic!Information

Lancee, B., Werfhorst, H.G. van de (2011). Income Inequality and Participation: A Comparison of 24 European

Countries - Appendix. Amsterdam, AIAS, GINI Discussion Paper 6.

Information may be quoted provided the source is stated accurately and clearly.

Reproduction for own/internal use is permitted.

This paper can be downloaded from our website www.gini-research.org.

Income!Inequality!and!ParticipationA!Comparison!of!24!European!Countries

APPENDIX!

26!January!2011DP!6!-!Appendix

Bram!Lancee

University!of!AmsterdamAmsterdam!Centre!for!Inequality!Studies

Herman!van!de!Werfhorst

University!of!AmsterdamAmsterdam!Centre!for!Inequality!Studies

Page! !4

Bram!Lancee,!Herman!van!de!Werfhorst

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Income!Inequality!and!Participation:!A!Comparison!of!24!European!Countries!!-!Appendix

Table!of!contents

APPENDIX:!COUNTRY!REGRESSIONS!.........................................................................................................................................7

Table!A.1.!Mean!social!participation!per!country!............................................................................................................7

Figure!A.1.!Summary!country!regressions.!Coefficient!of!income!on!social!participation!ordered!by!MDMI!..............7

Table!A.2!Country!OLS!regressions!explaining!social!participation.!...............................................................................8

Table!A.3.!Mean!cultural!participation!per!country!......................................................................................................11

Figure!A.2.!Summary!country!regressions.!Coefficient!of!income!on!cultural!participation!ordered!by!MDMI!.........11

Table!A.4!Country!OLS!regressions!explaining!cultural!participation.!.........................................................................12

Table!A.5.!Mean!civic!participation!per!country!............................................................................................................15

Figure!A.3.!Summary!country!regressions.!Coefficient!of!income!on!civic!participation!ordered!by!MDMI!..............15

Table!A.6!Country!logistic!regressions!explaining!civic!participation!.........................................................................16

GINI!DISCUSSION!PAPERS!................................................................................................................................................19

INFORMATION!ON!THE!GINI!PROJECT!.....................................................................................................................................21

Page! !6


Page! !7


Appendix:!Country!regressions

Table!A.1.!Mean!social!participation!per!countryMean

AT 0.72

BE 0.74

CY 0.85

CZ 0.74

DE 0.73

DK 0.75

EE 0.66

ES 0.74

FI 0.80

FR 0.69

GR 0.85

HU 0.71

IE 0.73

IS 0.79

IT 0.75

LT 0.67

LU 0.72

LV 0.62

NL 0.74

NO 0.79

PL 0.64

PT 0.77

SE 0.75

SI 0.71

SK 0.73

UK 0.76

Figure!A.1.!Summary!country!regressions.!Coefficient!of!income!on!social!participation!ordered!by!MDMI

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Table!A.2!Country!OLS!regressions!explaining!social!participation.AT BE CY CZ DE DK EE ES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Income .056*** .002 .036*** .025*** .012*** -.006 .034*** .040***

(.008) (.001) (.007) (.006) (.003) (.008) (.006) (.005)Female .070*** .058*** .045*** .055*** .056*** .009 .074*** .065***

(.010) (.010) (.012) (.009) (.006) (.007) (.010) (.007)Age -.018*** -.030*** -.018*** -.031*** -.027*** -.024*** -.029*** -.022***

(.004) (.004) (.004) (.004) (.002) (.003) (.004) (.003)Age!squared .000*** .000*** .000*** .000*** .000*** .000*** .000*** .000***

(.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000)Never!married -.036** -.016 -.049** -.066*** -.055*** .026** -.053*** -.018*

(.012) (.012) (.017) (.014) (.008) (.009) (.013) (.008)Married ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Divorced/Separated -.023 -.030* -.094*** -.020 -.007 .053*** -.014 -.007

(.015) (.014) (.024) (.013) (.008) (.013) (.014) (.014)Widowed -.056 -.009 -.053 .035 .045** .051 .044* .024

(.030) (.030) (.036) (.019) (.017) (.027) (.021) (.020)Not!on!the!labour!market ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Working!fulltime .020 .038* .056** .071*** .007 .003 .089*** .030**

(.014) (.016) (.017) (.014) (.009) (.011) (.014) (.010)Working!part-time .031 .054** .085*** .073** .035*** -.003 .046 .030*

(.016) (.017) (.026) (.026) (.009) (.015) (.027) (.015)Unemployed -.059* -.008 -.008 .033 -.038** -.005 .015 -.051***

(.028) (.022) (.037) (.023) (.013) (.022) (.027) (.015)Lower!secondary!education!and!below ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Upper!secondary!education .077*** .013 .021 .074*** .065*** .010 .099*** .059***

(.014) (.013) (.014) (.017) (.012) (.010) (.017) (.009)Post-secondary!and!tertiary .099*** .032* .006 .081*** .069*** -.014 .107*** .076***

(.016) (.013) (.016) (.020) (.012) (.011) (.018) (.008)Constant 1.875*** 2.096*** 2.067*** 2.139*** 2.056*** 2.073*** 1.974*** 1.942***

(.080) (.077) (.087) (.083) (.052) (.066) (.082) (.057)Observations 4744 4433 2961 5644 10627 3970 4435 9436Adj.!R2 .083 .044 .059 .085 .051 .050 .130 .076

Source: EU-SILC 2006, Eurostat;; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 (robust standard errors, two-tailed tests).

Page!!9

Income!Inequality!and!Participation:!A!Com

parison!of!24!European!Countries!!-!Appendix

Table!A.2!continuedFI FR GR HU IE IS IT LT

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Income .002 .023*** .017*** .014*** .020** .014** .004 .047***

(.002) (.005) (.005) (.004) (.006) (.004) (.004) (.006)Female .035*** .075*** .030** .028** .094*** .066*** .043*** .074***

(.006) (.007) (.009) (.011) (.013) (.011) (.006) (.011)Age -.019*** -.030*** -.014*** -.032*** -.017*** -.017*** -.020*** -.030***

(.002) (.003) (.003) (.004) (.005) (.004) (.002) (.005)Age!squared .000*** .000*** .000*** .000*** .000** .000** .000*** .000***

(.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000)Never!married -.022** .008 -.039** -.032* -.009 -.010 -.041*** -.081***

(.008) (.009) (.012) (.014) (.014) (.012) (.007) (.020)Married ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Divorced/Separated .040*** .023* -.004 -.005 -.014 .016 -.041*** -.023

(.009) (.011) (.021) (.014) (.019) (.021) (.012) (.015)Widowed .022 .057** -.040 .064** .073** .066 -.022 .002

(.021) (.022) (.025) (.021) (.025) (.047) (.015) (.025)Not!on!the!labour!market ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Working!fulltime .012 -.000 .024 .045** .060*** .016 .061*** .108***

(.008) (.011) (.012) (.014) (.016) (.016) (.008) (.017)Working!part-time .018 .006 .020 .042 .016 .006 .035** .027

(.012) (.014) (.018) (.028) (.018) (.021) (.012) (.036)Unemployed .009 -.030 .009 .025 -.013 .033 -.066*** .051

(.014) (.018) (.021) (.025) (.033) (.062) (.017) (.027)Lower!secondary!education!and!below ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Upper!secondary!education -.001 .005 .040*** .075*** .061*** .001 .061*** .094***

(.008) (.011) (.011) (.015) (.016) (.013) (.006) (.022)Post-secondary!and!tertiary -.024** .022 .032** .128*** .031* .012 .068*** .131***

(.009) (.011) (.012) (.017) (.014) (.013) (.008) (.022)Constant 2.066*** 2.043*** 1.954*** 2.099*** 1.817*** 2.008*** 1.910*** 1.948***



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Table!A.2!continuedLU LV NL NO PL PT SE SK UK

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25Income .020* .030*** .030*** .000 .047*** .029*** .030*** .009 .005

(.009) (.006) (.007) (.001) (.004) (.005) (.007) (.007) (.003)Female .070*** .067*** .069*** .028** .051*** .030* .042*** .064*** .094***

(.012) (.015) (.010) (.010) (.006) (.012) (.008) (.010) (.008)Age -.026*** -.045*** -.029*** -.017*** -.032*** -.027*** -.018*** -.022*** -.024***

(.004) (.005) (.003) (.004) (.002) (.005) (.003) (.004) (.003)Age!squared .000*** .000*** .000*** .000*** .000*** .000*** .000*** .000*** .000***

(.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000)Never!married .034* -.057** .004 .011 -.040*** -.050** .014 -.010 -.040***

(.015) (.020) (.010) (.011) (.009) (.017) (.009) (.015) (.010)Married ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Divorced/Separated -.008 -.015 .016 .010 .003 -.000 .028* -.021 .021

(.018) (.017) (.013) (.015) (.012) (.023) (.011) (.017) (.015)Widowed .080** .002 .054* .126*** .009 -.026 .092** .015 .017

(.029) (.026) (.023) (.036) (.014) (.032) (.035) (.021) (.011)Not!on!the!labour!market ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Working!fulltime .052** .111*** .004 .022 .043*** .064*** .019 .061*** .037***

(.017) (.022) (.014) (.015) (.009) (.018) (.012) (.018) (.011)Working!part-time .062** .039 .012 .028 .009 -.007 .041** .004 .053***

(.021) (.040) (.013) (.020) (.015) (.030) (.014) (.032) (.012)Unemployed -.093** -.051 -.028 .016 .000 .039 -.045 -.007 -.037

(.036) (.033) (.040) (.031) (.012) (.028) (.025) (.026) (.030)Lower!secondary!education!and!below ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Upper!secondary!education .049*** .127*** .032** .049*** .078*** .049** .019 .097*** .028**

(.015) (.022) (.012) (.014) (.009) (.018) (.012) (.024) (.011)Post-secondary!and!tertiary .040** .200*** .036** .037** .121*** .069*** .005 .126*** -.005

(.015) (.024) (.012) (.014) (.012) (.018) (.013) (.027) (.011)Constant 1.914*** 2.190*** 2.168*** 1.933*** 1.989*** 2.122*** 1.927*** 1.854*** 2.015***

(.093) (.111) (.070) (.078) (.050) (.100) (.060) (.084) (.064)Observations 3306 3254 4315 2660 11785 3071 4615 4110 6253Adj.!R2 .058 .171 .098 .062 .117 .071 .061 .074 .054


Page! !11


Table!A.3.!Mean!cultural!participation!per!countryMean

AT 0.25

BE 0.19

CY 0.12

CZ 0.13

DE 0.21

DK 0.26

EE 0.13

ES 0.20

FI 0.26

FR 0.22

GR 0.10

HU 0.15

IE 0.18

IS 0.27

IT 0.14

LT 0.11

LU 0.24

LV 0.12

NL 0.22

NO -

PL 0.09

PT 0.13

SE 0.23

SI 0.16

SK 0.14

UK 0.23

Figure!A.2.!Summary!country!regressions.!Coefficient!of!income!on!cultural!participation!ordered!by!MDMI

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Table!A.4!Country!OLS!regressions!explaining!cultural!participation.AT BE CY CZ DE DK EE ES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Income .814*** .103* .375*** .381*** .330*** .401*** .591*** .725***

(.076) (.041) (.078) (.063) (.041) (.080) (.049) (.056)Female .619*** .166* .164* .514*** .452*** .339*** .395*** .275***

(.080) (.073) (.072) (.049) (.042) (.071) (.050) (.057)Age -.123*** -.071** -.103*** -.131*** -.130*** -.108*** -.107*** -.049*

(.030) (.027) (.026) (.020) (.016) (.029) (.021) (.020)Age!squared .001*** .001** .001** .001*** .001*** .001*** .001*** .000*

(.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000)Never!married .554*** .492*** .403*** .262*** .385*** .264** .076 .726***

(.096) (.092) (.116) (.071) (.052) (.088) (.065) (.067)Married ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Divorced/Separated .272* .158 .071 .015 .101 .308* -.021 .461***

(.106) (.090) (.125) (.063) (.053) (.123) (.067) (.109)Widowed -.058 .090 -.043 -.081 .226* .199 -.119 .168

(.175) (.199) (.157) (.087) (.114) (.267) (.089) (.134)Not!on!the!labour!market ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Working!fulltime .162 .608*** .025 .596*** .353*** .556*** .447*** .178*

(.109) (.105) (.090) (.069) (.060) (.108) (.062) (.072)Working!part-time .513*** .535*** .143 .460** .338*** .357** .482** .057

(.133) (.113) (.150) (.140) (.058) (.131) (.147) (.112)Unemployed -.541** -.007 -.300 -.067 -.540*** .096 -.017 -.275**

(.174) (.122) (.203) (.088) (.074) (.224) (.099) (.094)Lower!secondary!education!and!below !!ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Upper!secondary!education 1.357*** .754*** .538*** .653*** .668*** .725*** .459*** 1.110***

(.079) (.072) (.072) (.053) (.059) (.080) (.055) (.069)Post-secondary!and!tertiary 2.765*** 2.182*** 1.558*** 2.134*** 1.590*** 1.727*** 1.276*** 1.962***

(.105) (.087) (.105) (.100) (.064) (.096) (.072) (.075)Constant 6.947*** 4.829*** 6.162*** 6.519*** 6.968*** 7.122*** 6.002*** 5.513***



Page!!13



Table!A.4!continuedFI FR GR HU IE IS IT LT

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Income .207* .607*** .310*** .317*** .258*** .237*** .404*** .580***

(.087) (.076) (.039) (.042) (.072) (.060) (.054) (.042)Female .448*** .223*** .216*** .149* .277** .183 .121*** .271***

(.055) (.061) (.054) (.058) (.090) (.108) (.034) (.051)Age -.152*** -.050* -.043* -.132*** -.056 -.127** -.039** -.054*

(.023) (.024) (.019) (.022) (.033) (.041) (.013) (.023)Age!squared .002*** .001* .000 .001*** .001 .001* .000* .000

(.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000)Never!married -.002 .430*** .658*** .560*** .050 .128 .721*** .327***

(.071) (.073) (.074) (.082) (.089) (.119) (.040) (.090)Married ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Divorced/Separated .109 .289** .265* .186** -.058 .174 .483*** .298***

(.091) (.094) (.125) (.071) (.124) (.192) (.066) (.079)Widowed .157 .184 -.159 .241* -.032 -.060 .080 .262*

(.197) (.179) (.093) (.097) (.157) (.464) (.072) (.106)Not!on!the!labour!market ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Working!fulltime .629*** .095 .283*** .455*** .707*** .105 .246*** .427***

(.081) (.089) (.059) (.067) (.107) (.161) (.043) (.064)Working!part-time .788*** .227* .188 .522*** .336** -.108 .083 .283*

(.124) (.114) (.099) (.153) (.108) (.194) (.066) (.130)Unemployed -.171 -.358** .113 -.270** -.002 .328 -.222*** .078

(.117) (.129) (.108) (.086) (.158) (.676) (.064) (.095)Lower!secondary!education!and!below ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Upper!secondary!education .712*** .460*** .554*** .597*** .993*** .566*** .886*** .166**

(.069) (.073) (.056) (.052) (.106) (.116) (.038) (.055)Post-secondary!and!tertiary 1.990*** 2.006*** 1.386*** 2.343*** 1.953*** 1.703*** 1.714*** .770***

(.084) (.097) (.073) (.095) (.105) (.131) (.058) (.063)Constant 8.918*** 5.713*** 4.592*** 7.183*** 5.539*** 8.722*** 4.794*** 4.792***



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Table!A.4!continuedLU LV NL PL PT SE SK UK

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Income .501* .367*** .573*** .530*** .338*** .456*** .127 .508***

(.205) (.051) (.073) (.027) (.061) (.070) (.069) (.060)Female .482*** .360*** .145 .127*** -.052 .103 .220*** .229***

(.102) (.059) (.081) (.028) (.066) (.063) (.061) (.061)Age .033 -.124*** -.071* -.066*** -.096*** -.142*** -.125*** -.059**

(.032) (.025) (.028) (.010) (.026) (.024) (.025) (.022)Age!squared -.000 .001*** .001** .001*** .001** .002*** .001*** .001**

(.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000)Never!married .828*** -.080 .370*** .357*** .487*** .259*** .454*** .213**

(.113) (.079) (.084) (.042) (.099) (.071) (.093) (.073)Married ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Divorced/Separated .239 .074 .106 .208*** .509*** .067 .185 -.176

(.130) (.072) (.099) (.054) (.136) (.092) (.112) (.104)Widowed -.186 -.184* .085 .046 -.230* .609* .149 .077

(.199) (.090) (.165) (.050) (.110) (.303) (.104) (.084)Not!on!the!labour!market ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Working!fulltime .332* .179* .231* .251*** .197* .506*** .344*** .394***

(.145) (.077) (.110) (.037) (.082) (.094) (.097) (.083)Working!part-time .414* .305* .445*** .075 .038 .387*** .128 .348***

(.168) (.152) (.099) (.062) (.116) (.106) (.171) (.089)Unemployed -.557** -.295*** -.191 -.031 -.021 -.173 -.408*** -.358*

(.183) (.085) (.218) (.041) (.133) (.162) (.117) (.160)Lower!secondary!education!and!below ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Upper!secondary!education 1.144*** .329*** .774*** .265*** 1.263*** .545*** .501*** 1.139***

(.112) (.061) (.077) (.027) (.128) (.083) (.088) (.067)Post-secondary!and!tertiary 2.653*** 1.270*** 1.975*** 1.548*** 2.223*** 1.760*** 1.586*** 2.053***

(.183) (.088) (.089) (.054) (.186) (.095) (.127) (.077)Constant 2.962*** 6.722*** 5.514*** 5.291*** 6.482*** 7.816*** 6.992*** 5.122***



Page! !15


Table!A.5.!Mean!civic!participation!per!countryMean

AT 0.25

BE 0.19

CY 0.12

CZ 0.13

DE 0.21

DK 0.26

EE 0.13

ES 0.20

FI 0.26

FR 0.22

GR 0.10

HU 0.15

IE 0.18

IS 0.27

IT 0.14

LT 0.11

LU 0.24

LV 0.12

NL 0.22

NO -

PL 0.09

PT 0.13

SE 0.23

SI 0.16

SK 0.14

UK 0.23

Figure!A.3.!Summary!country!regressions.!Coefficient!of!income!on!civic!participation!ordered!by!MDMI

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Table!A.6!Country!logistic!regressions!explaining!civic!participationAT CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Income .343*** .390*** .158** .130*** .123 .308*** .266*** .082

(.061) (.086) (.055) (.030) (.074) (.049) (.036) (.098)Female -.400*** -.451*** -.422*** -.238*** -.121 .020 -.223*** .187***

(.070) (.084) (.065) (.047) (.068) (.080) (.049) (.049)Age -.026 .002 -.028 -.023 .118*** -.015 .040* -.052*

(.027) (.032) (.027) (.017) (.029) (.031) (.018) (.020)Age!squared .000 .000 .000 .000 -.001*** .000 -.000 .001**

(.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000)Never!married .002 -.442*** .082 -.119* -.181* -.085 -.053 -.328***

(.084) (.127) (.091) (.057) (.085) (.104) (.058) (.064)Married ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Divorced/Separated .010 -.489** -.042 -.069 -.126 .005 .045 -.175*

(.095) (.152) (.087) (.060) (.113) (.111) (.092) (.079)Widowed .247 -.093 .054 .213 -.170 .170 .215 -.335

(.174) (.228) (.146) (.128) (.246) (.165) (.123) (.179)Not!on!the!labour!market ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Working!fulltime .054 .369** .504*** -.052 .250* .726*** .121 .165*

(.095) (.114) (.095) (.066) (.101) (.125) (.065) (.076)Working!part-time .213 .450* .318 .158* .114 .948*** .178 .126

(.118) (.188) (.189) (.065) (.131) (.201) (.100) (.103)Unemployed .038 -.292 -.389* -.491*** -.130 -.122 -.079 -.295**

(.177) (.259) (.183) (.096) (.204) (.270) (.099) (.108)Lower!secondary!education!and!below ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Upper!secondary!education .664*** .501*** .695*** .389*** .391*** .254 .597*** .446***

(.100) (.104) (.132) (.086) (.087) (.149) (.061) (.066)Post-secondary!and!tertiary 1.115*** .922*** 1.589*** .826*** .900*** .987*** .874*** .976***

(.110) (.122) (.151) (.087) (.096) (.152) (.060) (.079)Constant -1.022 -1.222 -1.622** -.584 -3.277*** -2.506*** -2.314*** .852*

(.576) (.692) (.574) (.395) (.634) (.682) (.409) (.432)Observations 4747 2959 5676 10221 4113 4463 9415 7622Pseudo!R2 .045 .074 .065 .027 .035 .067 .047 .038


Page!!17



Table!A.6!continuedFR GR HU IE IS IT LT LU

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Income .171*** .214*** .107*** .293* .081 .187*** .252*** .394***

(.040) (.046) (.028) (.147) (.072) (.025) (.049) (.075)Female -.306*** -.348*** -.293*** -.210* -.207* -.456*** .102 -.284***

(.055) (.085) (.080) (.090) (.104) (.040) (.113) (.084)Age .009 .062 .030 .083* .084* .013 -.008 .057*

(.022) (.032) (.032) (.033) (.039) (.016) (.047) (.029)Age!squared .000 -.001 -.000 -.001* -.001* .000 .000 -.000

(.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.001) (.000)Never!married -.229*** .148 -.007 -.225* -.157 .229*** .097 .301**

(.067) (.105) (.111) (.095) (.122) (.045) (.193) (.098)Married ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Divorced/Separated -.118 .038 .150 -.114 -.147 .282*** .186 .067

(.084) (.173) (.102) (.137) (.189) (.072) (.147) (.114)Widowed .106 -.219 .297* -.266 -1.293* -.101 .202 .352

(.156) (.230) (.149) (.173) (.534) (.112) (.226) (.222)Not!on!the!labour!market ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Working!fulltime -.054 .382*** .387*** .381** .162 .255*** .768*** .025

(.080) (.107) (.104) (.139) (.151) (.053) (.177) (.111)Working!part-time .055 .111 .466* .224 .255 .238** .847** .239

(.103) (.190) (.214) (.123) (.205) (.084) (.318) (.137)Unemployed -.208 -.664** -.426 -.132 .360 -.042 .163 -.378

(.127) (.240) (.231) (.212) (.527) (.096) (.303) (.211)Lower!secondary!education!and!below ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Upper!secondary!education .290*** .608*** .754*** .647*** .623*** .605*** .799* .679***

(.077) (.105) (.132) (.114) (.119) (.046) (.323) (.090)Post-secondary!and!tertiary .901*** 1.080*** 1.886*** 1.047*** 1.065*** 1.178*** 1.551*** 1.032***

(.086) (.108) (.142) (.119) (.128) (.052) (.312) (.104)Constant -1.300** -3.566*** -3.974*** -2.813*** -2.003* -2.432*** -4.380*** -2.333***

(.474) (.726) (.692) (.768) (.829) (.346) (1.042) (.621)Observations 6642 4146 5976 3047 1954 16524 3606 3295Pseudo!R2 .033 .073 .082 .089 .051 .063 .066 .078


Page!!18

Bram!Lancee,!Herm

an!van!de!Werfhorst

Table!A.6!continuedLV NL NO PL PT SE SK UK

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Income .067* .318*** -.055 .314*** .183*** .379*** .027 .245***

(.030) (.089) (.031) (.035) (.039) (.084) (.038) (.038)Female .137 -.121 -.313*** -.338*** -.557*** -.181** -.350*** -.249***

(.106) (.087) (.086) (.062) (.097) (.066) (.070) (.056)Age .017 -.059* .176*** .066** .028 .101*** .008 -.024

(.040) (.030) (.032) (.025) (.039) (.024) (.029) (.020)Age!squared -.000 .001* -.002*** -.001* -.000 -.001*** -.000 .000*

(.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000) (.000)Never!married .028 -.426*** -.323** .138 .243 -.053 .015 -.127

(.145) (.088) (.101) (.082) (.134) (.077) (.099) (.066)Married ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Divorced/Separated .006 -.566*** -.054 .147 .058 -.217* -.094 -.083

(.123) (.103) (.124) (.112) (.188) (.094) (.117) (.100)Widowed -.071 .034 -.074 .158 .509* .426 .283 -.142

(.191) (.193) (.280) (.138) (.243) (.291) (.144) (.077)Not!on!the!labour!market ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Working!fulltime .881*** -.042 .420*** .524*** .473** .234* .347** .021

(.173) (.118) (.114) (.092) (.145) (.097) (.116) (.071)Working!part-time .395 .126 .286 .616*** .249 .121 .425* .143

(.303) (.108) (.164) (.154) (.248) (.112) (.207) (.082)Unemployed -.327 -.381 -.255 -.094 .109 -.377* -.091 -.365*

(.320) (.253) (.307) (.141) (.232) (.179) (.164) (.182)Lower!secondary!education!and!below ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.Upper!secondary!education .059 .546*** .337** .891*** .386** .481*** .512*** .602***

(.178) (.089) (.110) (.135) (.140) (.092) (.149) (.071)Post-secondary!and!tertiary .688*** .931*** 1.015*** 2.061*** 1.072*** .923*** 1.303*** .945***

(.182) (.097) (.119) (.146) (.145) (.100) (.167) (.073)Constant -3.350*** 1.955** -4.116*** -5.027*** -2.648** -2.516*** -1.911** -.626

(.884) (.655) (.698) (.549) (.864) (.532) (.595) (.446)Observations 3254 4309 2710 11801 3069 4627 4112 6831Pseudo!R2 .051 .041 .058 .122 .072 .039 .040 .047


Page! !19


Table

!A.6!co

ntin

ued

LVNL

NOPL

PTSE

SKUK

1718

1920

2122

2324

Inco

me

.067

*.3

18**

*-.

055

.314

***

.183

***

.379

***

.027

.245

***

(.030

)(.0

89)

(.031

)(.0

35)

(.039

)(.0

84)

(.038

)(.0

38)

Fem

ale.1

37-.

121

-.31

3***

-.33

8***

-.55

7***

-.18

1**

-.35

0***

-.24

9***

(.106

)(.0

87)

(.086

)(.0

62)

(.097

)(.0

66)

(.070

)(.0

56)

Age

.017

-.05

9*.1

76**

*.0

66**

.028

.101

***

.008

-.02

4(.0

40)

(.030

)(.0

32)

(.025

)(.0

39)

(.024

)(.0

29)

(.020

)Ag

e!squ

ared

-.00

0.0

01*

-.00

2***

-.00

1*-.

000

-.00

1***

-.00

0.0

00*

(.000

)(.0

00)

(.000

)(.0

00)

(.000

)(.0

00)

(.000

)(.0

00)

Neve

r!mar

ried

.028

-.42

6***

-.32

3**

.138

.243

-.05

3.0

15-.

127

(.145

)(.0

88)

(.101

)(.0

82)

(.134

)(.0

77)

(.099

)(.0

66)

Marr

iedre

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.Di

vorc

ed/S

epar

ated

.006

-.56

6***

-.05

4.1

47.0

58-.

217*

-.09

4-.

083

(.123

)(.1

03)

(.124

)(.1

12)

(.188

)(.0

94)

(.117

)(.1

00)

Wid

owed

-.07

1.0

34-.

074

.158

.509

*.4

26.2

83-.

142

(.191

)(.1

93)

(.280

)(.1

38)

(.243

)(.2

91)

(.144

)(.0

77)

Not!o

n!the!la

bour!m

arke

tre

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.W

orkin

g!ful

ltim

e.8

81**

*-.

042

.420

***

.524

***

.473

**.2

34*

.347

**.0

21(.1

73)

(.118

)(.1

14)

(.092

)(.1

45)

(.097

)(.1

16)

(.071

)W

orkin

g!par

t-tim

e.3

95.1

26.2

86.6

16**

*.2

49.1

21.4

25*

.143

(.303

)(.1

08)

(.164

)(.1

54)

(.248

)(.1

12)

(.207

)(.0

82)

Unem

ploy

ed-.

327

-.38

1-.

255

-.09

4.1

09-.

377*

-.09

1-.

365*

(.320

)(.2

53)

(.307

)(.1

41)

(.232

)(.1

79)

(.164

)(.1

82)

Lowe

r!sec

onda

ry!ed

ucat

ion!an

d!belo

wre

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.re

f.Up

per!s

econ

dary!ed

ucat

ion.0

59.5

46**

*.3

37**

.891

***

.386

**.4

81**

*.5

12**

*.6

02**

*(.1

78)

(.089

)(.1

10)

(.135

)(.1

40)

(.092

)(.1

49)

(.071

)Po

st-s

econ

dary!an

d!ter

tiary

.688

***

.931

***

1.01

5***

2.06

1***

1.07

2***

.923

***

1.30

3***

.945

***

(.182

)(.0

97)

(.119

)(.1

46)

(.145

)(.1

00)

(.167

)(.0

73)

Cons

tant

-3.3

50**

*1.

955*

*-4

.116

***

-5.0

27**

*-2

.648

**-2

.516

***

-1.9

11**

-.62

6(.8

84)

(.655

)(.6

98)

(.549

)(.8

64)

(.532

)(.5

95)

(.446

)Ob

serv

ation

s32

5443

0927

1011

801

3069

4627

4112

6831

Pseu

do!R

2.0

51.0

41.0

58.1

22.0

72.0

39.0

40.0

47


GINI!Discussion!Papers

Recent publications of GINI. They can be downloaded from the website www.gini-research.org under the subject Papers.

DP!6! Income!Inequality!and!Participation:!A!Comparison!of!24!European!Countries!+!Appendix

!! Bram!Lancee!and!Herman!van!de!Werfhorst!! January!2011

DP!5! Household!Joblessness!and!Its!Impact!on!Poverty!and!Deprivation!in!Europe

!! Marloes!de!Graaf-Zijl!! January!2011

DP!4! Inequality!Decompositions!-!A!Reconciliation

!! Frank!A.!Cowell!and!Carlo!V.!Fiorio!! December!2010

DP!3! A!New!Dataset!of!Educational!Inequality

!! Elena!Meschi!and!Francesco!Scervini!! December!2010

DP!2! Coverage!and!adequacy!of!Minimum!Income!schemes!in!the!European!Union

!! Francesco!Figari,!Tina!Haux,!Manos!Matsaganis!and!Holly!Sutherland!! November!2010

DP!1! Distributional!Consequences!of!Labor!Demand!Adjustments!to!a!Downturn.!A!Model-based!Approach!with!Application!to!!! Germany!2008-09

!! Olivier!Bargain,!Herwig!Immervoll,!Andreas!Peichl!and!Sebastian!Siegloch!! September!2010

http://www.uva-aias.net

Page! !20


Page! !21


Information!on!the!GINI!project

AimsThe core objective of GINI is to deliver important new answers to questions of great interest to European societies: What are the social, cultural and political impacts that increasing inequalities in income, wealth and education may have? For the answers, GINI combines an interdisciplinary analysis that draws on economics, sociology, political science and health studies, with improved methodologies, uniform measurement, wide country coverage, a clear policy dimension and broad dissemination.

Methodologically, GINI aims to:

exploit differences between and within 29 countries in inequality levels and trends for understanding the impacts and teasing out implications for policy and institutions,

elaborate on the effects of both individual distributional positions and aggregate inequalities, and

allow for feedback from impacts to inequality in a two-way causality approach.

The project operates in a framework of policy-oriented debate and international comparisons across all EU

countries (except Cyprus and Malta), the USA, Japan, Canada and Australia.

Inequality!Impacts!and!Analysis

Social impacts of inequality include educational access and achievement, individual employment oppor-tunities and labour market behaviour, household joblessness, living standards and deprivation, family and household formation/breakdown, housing and intergenerational social mobility, individual health and life expectancy, and social cohesion versus polarisation. Underlying long-term trends, the economic cycle and

increasing income/educational inequalities widen cultural and political ‘distances’, alienating people from

trust? Is acceptance of inequality and policies of redistribution affected by inequality itself ? What effects

and opportunity), and addresses the question what contributions policy making itself may have made to the growth of inequalities.

Support!and!ActivitiesThe project receives EU research support to the amount of Euro 2.7 million. The work will result in four

www.gini-research.org

Amsterdam!Institute!for!Advanced!labour!Studies!

University!of!Amsterdam!

!

Plantage!Muidergracht!12!! !!1018!TV!Amsterdam!! !!The!Netherlands!

Tel!+31!20!525!4199!! !!Fax!+31!20!525!4301!

[email protected]!! !!www.gini-research.org

Project funded under the

Socio-Economic sciences

and Humanities theme.

Documents

24...Income!Inequality!and!Participation A!Comparison!of!24!European!Countries APPENDIX! 26!January!2011 DP!6!-!Appendix Bram!Lancee University!of!Amsterdam Amsterdam!Centre!for!Inequality!Studies