Sankar: Hi Vishnu, you've been away for sucha long time that I felt lonely here.

(؈’ äçô-J-ûª-†çûÓ ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úËç-ûª-鬩熒´¤y •ßª’-ô’-Ø√o´¤)

Vishnu: I felt the same too, without your company.

(F ≤ƒ£æ«-Ωuç ™‰éπ ؈÷ Å™«ØË ¶«üµ¿-°æú≈f)Sankar: Why did it take so long for you?

(Åçûª-鬩ç áçü¿’èπ◊ °æöÀdçC?)Vishnu: I had been away on a company

assignment. I returned this morning.

(éπç°F °æE-O’ü¿ ¢Á∞«x†’. Ñ §Òü¿’lØËo ´î√a†’)Assignment = Å°æp-Tç-*† °æE. ÅÂÆj-†tçö¸ – 'ÂÆj— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.

Sankar: What kind of assignment?

(ᙫçöÀ °æE?)Vishnu: Such a tough assignment that I had

to visit a number of places. I had tosee a number of dealers, watch themovement of our products, and seethat the sales increased.

(Å¢Á÷t î√™« éπ≠æd-¢Á’i† °æE. î√™« îÓôxèπ◊(Ü∞¡xèπ◊) A®Ω-í¬-Lq-´-*açC. î√™«-´’çCdealers †’ îª÷Æœ, ´÷ company ûªßª÷-K© Å´’t-鬩’ ᙫ ÖØ√oßÁ÷ í∫´’-Eç*,Å´’t-鬩’ °çî√-Lq† ¶«üµ¿uûª ÅC.)

dealers = äéπ éπç°F ûªßª÷-K©’ (Ææ®Ω-èπ◊©’)Ţ˒t ¢√∞¡Ÿ/ shops.

Movement = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç = éπü¿-L-éπ(©’).Ééπ\úø Å®Ωnç ã company ûªßª÷-K© Å´’t-éπ°æ¤üµÓ®ΩùÀ. (Öü¿u´’ç ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.Telangana Movement = ûÁ©ç-í¬ù Öü¿u´’ç)Products= ûªßª÷K– ã éπç°F ûªßª÷®Ω’ îËƜŢ˒t ´Ææ’h´¤. v§ƒúøé˙d q – 'v§ƒ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.

Sankar: What a time you had! I really pityyou, old boy! You do get a fat salary,but you can't have a minutes leisure.

(áçûª éπ≠ædçí¬ í∫úÕ-§ƒ¢˛! E†’o îª÷ÊÆh ñ«™‰-Ææ’hçC, N’vûª´÷! Fèπ◊ ´’ç* @ûª¢Ë’´Ææ’hçC é¬F éπ~ùç Nv¨»ç-A-™‰-ü¿’-éπü∆!)

Vishnu: It isn't the salary that matters. I likethe challenging nature of the job. It issuch a challenge that you have thesatisfaction of having done some-thing. You feel happy that you'veachieved something.

(@ûªç é¬ü¿’ ´·êuç, Åéπ\úø Ø√ ÖüÓu-í∫ç™Ö†o Ææ¢√©’ Ø√éÀ≠ædç. Ç Ææ¢√©’ áçûªü¿çõ‰,àüÓ éÌçûª ´’†´‚ ≤ƒCµç-î√ç-éπü∆ ÅØËûª%°œh N’í∫’-©’-ûª’çC (éπ©’-í∫’-ûª’çC). ؈÷àüÓ ≤ƒCµç-î√†’./ ÉC ؈’ ≤ƒCµç-î√†’ÅØË ûª%°œh Öçô’çC.)

that matters = ´·êuç. achieving = ≤ƒCµç-îªôç; Achievement = ≤ƒCµç-*† N≠æߪ’ç

Sankar: Corporate culture has taken hold of you.

(°ü¿l ¢√u§ƒ®Ω Ææç≤ƒn ÆæçÆæ \%A ÅDµ-†ç™ÖØ√o´¤ †’´¤y).

Corporate =°ü¿l °ü¿l ¢√u§ƒ®Ω ÆæçÆæn-©èπ◊Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†.Corporate - pronunciation 鬧ÒJ/ È®ö¸.

Vishnu: And I am proud of it too.

(Å™« Ö†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ í∫Jy-Ææ’hØ√o.)Sankar: Did you see any movies while you

were away?

(•ßª’-ô’-†o-°æ¤púø’ ÆœE-´÷-™‰-´’Ø√o îª÷¨»¢√?)Vishnu: I saw two but they were such lousy

movies that I wished I hadn't seenthem.

(È®çúø’ îª÷¨». Å¢Áçûª îÁûªhçõ‰ îª÷úø-èπ◊çú≈Öçú≈-LqçC ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o.)

Lousy = îÁûªh. Louse - ™˜Æˇ– Ê°†’ – ÅÆæ©®Ωnç–Lousy - ÅÆæ-£æ«uçí¬/ îÁûªhí¬ ÖçC ÅEAôd-ú≈-EéÀ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Lousy fellow -¢Áüµ¿´ ņoô’x.

Sankar: Thank God. I wasn't with you.

(•A-éÀ-§Úߪ÷. FûÓ Øˆ’ ™‰†ç-ü¿’èπ◊.(™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ؈÷ îª÷ú≈Lq ´îËaC)

Vishnu: What next now? Shall we have coffee?

(ûª®√y-ûËçöÀ? coffee BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ü∆´÷?)Sankar: OK.

éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ ´’†ç so ¢√úøéπç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆.'so' Åçõ‰–1) Åçûª

a) He isn't so tall. (Åûª-†çûª §Òúø’-Ííç-é¬ü¿’)b) The place is so distant.

(Ç îÓô’ Åçûª ü¿÷®Ωç)´·êuçí¬ so + adjective/ adverb + that (sotall that/ so large that/ so nice that, etc.)

Åçõ‰ adjective/ adverb ©’ ûÁLÊ° à ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊ÅE ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.

2) American usage ™ î√™« ÅE Å®Ωnç.a) Thank you so much.

(British: Thank you very much.)

b) You are so nice.

(British: You are very nice)

É°æ¤púø’ ü¿í∫_®Ω ü¿í∫_®Ω Å™«çöÀ Å®Ωnç, ¢√úø’éπ Ö†o'such' N≠æߪ’ç îª÷ü∆lç.Such Åçõ‰ Å™«çöÀ.a) I don't like such things = Å™«çöÀ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’

Ø√éÀ-≠ædç-™‰ü¿’.b) He never smiles. Such men are very dan-

gerous = Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ †´yúø’. Å™«ç-öÀ-¢√∞¡Ÿî√™« v°æ´÷ü¿ç.

c) She works very hard. Such people prosper= Ç¢Á’ î√™« éπ≠æd-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC. Å™«ç-öÀ-¢√∞¡ŸÂ°jéÌ-≤ƒh®Ω’.

Such E É™« èπÿú≈ ¢√-úø-û√ç. (Such ... as èπÿ®Ω’pûÓ)a) Such people as Gandhi are always

respected = í¬çDµ-™«çöÀ ´uèπ◊h©’ á°æ¤púø÷íı®Ω´ç §Òçü¿’-û√®Ω’.(´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ = í¬çDµ-™«çöÀ ´uèπ◊h-©†’á°æ¤p-úø÷ íı®Ω-N-≤ƒh®Ω’)

b) Such trees as the coconut grow very tall(éÌ•s-J-îÁôx ™«çöÀ îÁô’x à°æ¤í¬ °®Ω’-í∫’-û√®·)

Ééπ\úø such ¢√úË B®Ω’, Å™«çöÀ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ: such+ noun + as + noun (à Ê°®Ω’-ØÁjØ√ noun Åçö«ç)c) Such movies as Titanic are rare. (Titanic

™«çöÀ ÆœE-´÷©’ Å®Ω’ü¿’)Ééπ\úø ´÷ô èπÿ®Ω’p:Such + movies (noun) + as + Titanic (noun)

Å®·ûË äéπ ´·êu í∫´’-Eéπ: °∂晫Ø√ ´uèπ◊h©, N≠æ-ߪ÷©™«çöÀ ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπü∆ Ééπ\úø ´’†ç such ... as¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç. É™« such ... as ¢√úøôç ÆæÈ®j-†-°æp-öÀéÃ,ÉC é¬Ææh ví¬ç-C∑éπç, §ƒçúÕûªuç. Éçûª-éπç-õ‰ like ¢√úøôçî√™« simple, better éπü∆! (™«çöÀ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ)1) Such men as Gandhi are always respected

= Men like Gandhi are always respected.

2) Such trees as the coconut = Trees like thecoconut.

such ... as •ü¿’©’ like ¢√úøôç Ææ®Óy-ûªh´’ç éπü∆.É°æ¤púø’ ÉC îª÷úøçúÕ:

a) I bought a variety of fruits such as themango, the apple, etc.

(´÷N’úÕ, apple ™«çöÀ ®Ωéπ-®Ω-鬩 °æçúø’x éÌØ√o).É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx èπÿú≈ such as •ü¿’©’ like ¢√úøôç´’† ¶µ«≠憒 Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ NE-°œç-îËô’xîËÆæ’hçC.

b) There were a number of things such aspen, paper, etc., = There were a number ofthings like ...

3) Now look at the following sentences fromthe conversation at the beginning of thelesson.

a) You have been away for such a long timethat I felt lonely.

b) such a tough assignment that I had to visita number of places.

c) ... they were such lousy movies that Iwished that I hadn't gone to them.

so + adjective/ adverb+ that- Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫ç-™«ç-öÀüË°j sentences ™ such... that Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç èπÿú≈.a) He is so good that all

like him= Åûª†’Åçü¿®Ω÷ É≠æd-°æ-úËçûª´’ç*-¢√úø’.

b) He is such a goodman that all like him.

Åçü¿®Ω÷ Åûª-†çõ‰ É≠æd-°æ-úø-û√®Ω’. Åçûª ´’ç*-¢√-úø-ûª†’. = Åûª-†ç-ü¿®Ω÷ É≠æd-°æ-úËç-ûª- ´’ç-*-¢√úø’.í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆. Ééπ\úø a) Å®Ωnç, b) Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰.

c) The day was so hot that we couldn't go out= ¢Ë’ç •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-™‰-†çûª áçúøí¬ ÖçC Ç ®ÓV.[so + adjective (hot) + that]

d) It was such a hot day that we couldn't go out.D†®Ωnç, sentence (c) Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø word order (´÷ô© èπÿ®Ω’p) ûËú≈.

such + adjective (hot) + day (noun) + that鬕öÀd È®çúÕçöÀ Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË, so ûª®√yûªadjective/ adverb ´Ææ’hçC. such ûª®√yûª, adjec-tive ´*a, ü∆E ûª®√yûª noun èπÿú≈ ®√¢√L.äéÓ\-≤ƒJ, noun ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´Ææ’hçC.

He is such a man that all like him =

Åçü¿®Ω÷ É≠æd-°æúË ´uéÀh Åûª†’.

ÉD so ... that èπÿ, such ... that èπÿ Ö†oÆæç•çüµ¿ç, ûËú≈. ÉçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç èπÿú≈ îª÷ü∆lç.

a) He is such a good man that we all like him

= Åûª†’ ¢Ë’´’ç-ü¿®Ωç É≠æd-°æ-úËçûª ´’ç*-¢√úø’.

b) He is so good a man that we all like him.

(a) ™ such a good man = (b) ™ so good a

man

c) She is so clever a woman that she can

solve any problem easily = She is such a

clever woman that she can ...

(à Ææ´’-Ææu-ØÁjØ√ °æJ-≠æ \-Jç-îª-í∫-L-T-†çûª ûÁL-N-í∫-™«¢Á’)

so clever a woman = such a clever woman

d) India is such a large country/ so large a

country that progress cannot be quick

(ÅGµ- %Cl¥ Åçûª ûªyJûªç 鬆çûª °ü¿l üË ¡ç¶µ«®Ωû˝)

Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd, so í¬F such í¬F ¢√úø-´îª’a.

Sentences from the conversation:

1) You have been away for such a long time

that I felt lonely.

Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ so ¢√úø-´îª’a. Å®·ûË Â°j† îª÷°œ-†-ô’xí¬ such a long time, so long a time

Å´¤ûª’çC.

You have been away for so long a time that

...

2) ... such a tough assignment that I had to

visit many places = so tough an assign-

ment that I had to visit many places ...

3) ... they were such lousy movies that ... =

the movies were so lousy that ...

ÉO so ... that, such ... that Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-•’-üµ¿-¢√®Ωç 4 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Thank you so much-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 222-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

EXERCISE

Pratap: E†o meeting èπ◊ î√™«- ’çC´î√a®√?

Manish: áçûª Ææçêu™ ´î√a-®Ωçõ‰ ÅçûªÂ°ü¿l Hall èπÿú≈ ÆæJ-§Ú-™‰ü¿’.

Pratap: ´éπh ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈ú≈?Manish: Åçü¿®Ω÷ E¨¡z-•lçí¬ èπÿ®Ω’aE

v¨¡ü¿l¥ûÓ N†oçûª íÌ°æp ´éπh Çߪ’†.Pratap: àçö«-ߪ’† v°æÆæç-í∫ç™ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’?Manish: Çߪ’† îÁ°œp† Å稻©’ áçûª

´·êu-¢Á’i-†- çõ‰, ´’†ç Ææ’©¶µºçí¬Å†’-Ææ-Jç--îªí∫-LÍíç-ûªN.

Pratap: Åçûª ´’ç* v°æÆæç-í∫´÷?Manish: @Nûªç™ ´’Sx N†-™‰-†çûª ´’ç*

v°æÆæçí∫ç.Pratap: ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%≠ædç, ®√™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’.

ANSWER

Pratap: Did a large number attend the meeting yesterday?

/ Was it a largely attended meeting yesterday?

Manish: It was such a large number/ so large a number

that the hall wasn't enough.

Pratap: Did he speak well?

Manish: He was such a great speaker/ so great a

speaker that all heard him with all attention.

Pratap: What were the special points/ highlights of his speech?

Manish: He made such good points/ the points he made

were so good that we can easily practise them.

Pratap: Was it such a good speech/ so good a speech?

Manish: So good a speech/ such a good speech that

we can't hear it again.

Pratap: Unfortunately, I couldn't attend it.

Sourabha: Hi Susmitha, we'd better startearly so that we don't miss Aruna.

(Ææ’Æœtû√, ´’†ç ûÌçü¿-®Ωí¬ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ωü∆ç, Å®Ω’-ù†’ miss é¬èπ◊çú≈ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊.)

We'd better = We had better = ´’ç*C.You'd better see a doctor = you had bet-ter ... = †’´¤y doctor †’ îª÷úøôç ´’ç*C.

Susmitha: I am almost ready. I got up quiteearly so that I might not be late.

(؈’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Æœü¿l¥ç. ûªy®Ωí¬ ™‰î√†’Ç©Ææuç é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊.)

Sourabha: That's good. I told the taxi man tobe here at 7 so that we need notwaste time looking for a taxi.

(´’ç*C. Taxi ¢√™«†’ àúÕç-öÀÍé®Ω´’tE îÁ§ƒp, ´’Sx Taxi éÓÆæç timewaste é¬èπ◊çú≈.)

Susmitha: When exactly is the arrival of theplane?

(Plane correct í¬ á°æ¤p-úÌ-Ææ’hçC?)Sourabha: At 8.30. It'll be another hour after

the touch down for Aruna to comeout of the check in area and joinus. The collection of the baggageafter the baggage check thesedays take a lot of time because ofsecurity reasons.

(8.30éÀ. Check in area †’ç* •ßª’-öÀéÀ ®√´-ö«-EéÀ ÉçéÓ í∫çô °æúø’-ûª’çCÅ®Ω’-ùèπ◊. ûªE& --ûª®√y-ûª BaggageBÆæ’-éÓ- úøç ¶µºvü¿û√ 鬮Ω-ù«-©- ©x Ñ®Ó-V™x î√™« Ç©-Ææu-´’-´¤-ûÓçC.)

touch down = N´÷†ç ¶µº÷O’t-ü¿èπ◊ Cí∫ôç.Check in = ´’† ≤ƒ´÷†’x N´÷-Ø√-v¨¡ßª’

ÅCµ-é¬®Ω’©’ ûªE& îËߪ’ôç.Check in Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç = Hotel ™

•Ææèπ◊ í∫C BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç.baggage - ¶«Tñ¸ (¶« bank ™ b ™«) =

≤ƒ´÷†’x.baggage (American) = luggage (British)

Susmitha: Then why are we going so early?

(Å®·ûË áçü¿’-éÀçûª ´·çüË¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’Ø√oç?)

Sourabha: The airport is so long way off.There are likely to be traffic jams.We are starting so early so thatnothing may delay us. Better halfan hour early than a minute late.

(N´÷-Ø√-v¨¡ßª’ç î√™« ü¿÷®Ωç. Traffic®ΩDl©’ ¶«í¬ Öçúø- a. É¢Ëç ´’†èπ◊Ç©Ææuç éπL-Tç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç. äéπEN’≠æç Ç©Ææuç éπçõ‰ äéπ Å®Ω-í∫çô´·çü¿’ç-úøôç †ßª’ç éπü∆.)

Susmitha: The first thing Aruna wants to doafter landing here is to go toTirupathi. Let's fix another taxiready so that she may not losetime.

(Ééπ\úø Cí∫-í¬ØË ´·çü¿’ A®Ω’-°æ-A-Èé-∞«x-©E Å®Ω’ù éÓJéπ. ÉçéÓ taxi E èπÿú≈´÷ö«x-úø’ü∆ç, time éπL-≤Ò-Ææ’hçC.)

Sourabha: That I've already done. The taxiwill be here the day after tomor-row. She has to rest today andtomorrow to get over the jet lag.

(ÅD îËÊÆ- »†’. á©’xçúÕ §Òü¿’l† taxiready. Ñ®ÓW, Í®°æ¤ ûª†’ restBÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’çC jet lag †’ç* •ßª’-ô-°æ-úø-ö«-EéÀ.)

jet lag = N´÷-Ø√™x Ææ’ü¿÷®Ω v°æߪ÷-ù«©’îËߪ’-ôç™ ®√vA-°æ-í∫∞¡x ´’üµ¿u ü˨¡-üË-¨»-©èπ◊ ÖçúËûËú≈© ´©x éπLÍí •úø-Léπ.

Susmitha: Let's accompany her to Tirupathiso that we too can have LordVenkateswara's darsanam.

(´’†ç èπÿú≈ Å®Ω’-ùûÓ ¢Á∞¡ü∆ç. ´’†çèπÿú≈ A®Ω’-´’-™‰-¨¡ŸE ü¿Jzç--éÓ-´îª’a.)

Sourabha: OK.

éÀçü¿öÀ lessons ™ so + adjective/ adverb +

that, such + (adj) + noun + that ´îËa sentences

îª÷¨»ç éπü∆.

a) He is so good that every one likes him =

Åûªúø’ Åçü¿®Ω÷ É≠æd-°æ-úËçûª ´’ç*-¢√úø’ =

He is such a good

man that everyone

likes him.

b) She drives so slow

that even a bullock

cart can over take

her =

áúøx-•çúÕ èπÿú≈ Ç¢Á’†’ü∆öÀ-§Ú-ßË’çûª ØÁ´’t-Cí¬ é¬®Ω’ †úø’-°æ¤-ûª’ç-ü∆¢Á’.

Hers is such slow driving that even a bullock

cart over takes her.

(overtake = ´·çü¿’†o ¢√£æ«-Ø√Eo ü∆öÀ-¢Á-∞¡xôç)

ÉD ´’†ç, so ... that/ such ... that © í∫’Jç*Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC.

É°æ¤púø’ éÀçC sentences ûËú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ:

a) He studies so hard that he always scores

high =

--áèπ◊\-´ marks ´îËaçûª ¶«í¬ îªü¿’-´¤-û√-úø-ûª†’.

b) He is studying very hard so that he may

score high =

-áèπ◊\-´ marks ûÁa-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, Åûª†’ î√™« éπ≠æd-°æúÕîªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.

a) ... so hard that. [so èπ◊ that èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u hard

(adv)]

b) so that - Ééπ\úø so èπ◊ that èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u ÉçÍéç´÷ô ®√´-úøç-™‰ü¿’. ÅN È®çúø÷ °æéπ\-°æ-éπ\ØË´Ææ’h-Ø√o-®·-éπü∆.

(a) éÀ, (b) éÀ Å®Ωnç™ èπÿú≈ ûËú≈ í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆.

Sentence (a) He is studying so hard that ...

ÅØËC, Åûª†’ áçûª/ à ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊ éπ≠æd-°æúÕ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúÓ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.

Sentence (b) He is studying very hard so that

he may score high ... ÅØËC Åûª†’ àÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-†oD ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.

í∫’®Ω’hç-- π◊çü∆ç: So that á°æ¤púø÷ ´’†ç äéπ°æEE áçü¿’ π◊ îË≤ƒhç/ ´’† ÖüËl-¨»Eo (purpose)

ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.a) Susila started at 7 itself so that she may not

be late for class =

Class èπ◊ Ç©Ææuç é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ææ’Q©àúÕç-öÀÍé •ßª’-©’-üË-JçC.

b) Harsha goes to bed early so that he can

get up early =

ûªy®Ωí¬ Evü¿ ™‰îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ £æ«®Ω ûªy®Ωí¬ °æúø’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’.

c) I am noting down the phone numbers so

that I can call you when necessary =

Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i-†-°æ¤púø’ °œL-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÅEo phone num-

bers ®√Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.

É™« °j sentences ™™«, so that ÅØË expres-

sion ÖüËl-¨»Eo ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.

Now look at the following sentences from

the conversation at the beginning of the

lesson:

1) We'd better start early so that we don't miss

Aruna =

Å®Ω’-ù†’ miss é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûªy®Ωí¬•ßª’-©’-üË-®Ωôç ´’ç*C.

2) I got up quite early so that I might not be

late =

Ç©Ææuç é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûªy®Ωí¬ Evü¿-™‰-î√†’.

3) I told the taximan to be here at 7, so that we

need not waste time looking for a taxi =

Taxi ¢√™«†’ àúÕç-öÀÍé ®Ω´’tE îÁ§ƒp, ´’Sx taxi éÓÆæçtime waste îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈/ é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊.

4) We are starting so early so that nothing

may delay us =

üËE-´™«x Ç©Ææuç é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’-èπ◊í¬†’, ´’†ç´·çüË •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç.

5) Let's accompany her to Tirupathi so that we

too can have darsanam =

´’†ç èπÿú≈ ûª†ûÓ éπLÆœ ¢Á∞¡ü∆ç, ´’†´‚ü¿®Ωz†ç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a.

so that É™« ¢√úøû√ç. Å®·ûË éÌEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥™xso that •ü¿’©’ to ¢√úË-ߪ’- a, simple í¬.

He came here so that he could meet the min-

ister.

´’çvAE éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÅûªE¢√∞¡ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ´î√aúø’

He came here to meet the minister

(Åçõ‰ so that †’ ÖüËl¨¡ç ûÁLÊ° Å®ΩnçûÓ, to + 1st

Regular Doing Word = infinitive ¢√úø-´îª’a.)

He bought the bike so that he can move about

quickly =

ûªy®Ωí¬ AJ-Ííç-ü¿’-èπ◊-í¬†’ Åûª†’ bike é̆’-èπ◊\-Ø√oúø’ =He bought the bike to (be able to) move about

quickly.

Å®·ûË so that •ü¿’©’ infinitive ¢√úøôç ÅEo-îÓö«x≤ƒüµ¿uç é¬éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. Ééπ\úø îª÷úøçúÕ.

Let's accompany her so that we too can have

darsanam.

´’†ç èπÿú≈ ü¿®Ωz†ç §ÒçüËç-ü¿’èπ◊, ´’†ç ûª†ûÓéπL-Æœ -¢Á-∞¡ü∆ç.

Ñ sentence ™ so that we too can have

darsanam •ü¿’©’, to have darsanam ÅE infini-

tive (to have) ¢√úÕûË ÅüË Å®Ωnç ®√ü¿’. Let's

accompany her to have darsanam Åçõ‰ ´îËaÅ®Ωnç, ü¿®Ωz-Ø√-EéÀ Ç¢Á’ûÓ éπL-Æœ-¢Á-∞¡-ü∆-´’ØË ´Ææ’hçC.ÅçûË-é¬E so that Ö†o sentence ™™«í∫ Ç¢Á’ûÓ¢ÁRûË ´’†èπÿ ü¿®Ωz†ç Å´¤-ûª’ç-ü¿E ®√ü¿’.

´’®Ó-≤ƒJ îª÷úøçúÕ:

Let's accompany her so that we can have

darsanam too =

´’†´‚ ûª†-ûÓ-§ƒô’ ¢ÁRûË ´’†´‚ ü¿®Ωz†çîËÆæ’éӴa.

Let's accompany her to have darsanam.

ü¿®Ωz-Ø√-EéÀ ûª†-ûÓ-§ƒô’ ´’†ç ¢Á∞¡ü∆ç.

´’†ç ¶µ«≠æ practice îËÆæ’h-†o-éÌDl, ´’†èπ◊ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’èπ◊ç-ú≈-ØË, so that áéπ\-úø- ¢√-ú≈™, to áéπ\-úø -¢√-ú≈™¢√úË-Ææ’hçö«ç. Practice alone helps us.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-¨¡Ÿ-vèπ-¢√®Ωç 6 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

.. so that we don't miss ..-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 223-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

EXERCISE

Practise the following aloud in English.

Sulochana: -î√-™« -Ç-™-*ç-* -E®Ωg-ߪ’ç -BÆæ’éÓ,-ûª®√y-ûª -*ç--Aç-îªèπ◊ç-ú≈ -Öç--úËç-ü¿’èπ◊. (-*ç-Aç-îª-ôç= regret/

repent)

Sunayana: -Åç-ü¿’Íé È®ç-vúÓ-V-©’ -Å-úÕí¬ -¶«í¬-Ç-™-*ç-îª-´-îªa-E.

Sulochana: °-ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x-†’ èπÿ-ú≈ -Å-úø’í∫’-ü∆ç,-¢√-∞¡x -Å-Gµ-v§ƒ--ߪ’-´‚ -ûÁ-©’Ææ’èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊.

Sunayana: Åçü¿’-éπØË ´÷´’-ߪ’u--†’ -É-éπ\-úÕéÀ®Ω´’tØ√o.

Sulochana: ÅEo N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ Çߪ’-†ûÓîÁ§ƒpL ´’†ç, Çߪ’-†èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j†Å´-í¬-£æ«† ´îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊.

Sunayana: Ç-ߪ’-†’o -ã È®çvúÓ-V-©’ -Ééπ\-úøÖç-úø-´’-Ø√L, ûÌçü¿-®Ω-§ƒô’ E®Ωg--ߪ÷-EéÀ ®√èπ◊çú≈ (conclusion=

E®Ωl¥®Ωù)

Sulochana: OK.

ANSWER

Sulochana: Take a decision, only after a lot of

thinking so that you don't regret

later (to avoid regretting later)

Sunayana: That's exactly why I've asked for

two days time ... so that I can think

well about it.

Sulochana: Let's consult our elders too, so

that we can have their opinion. (to

have their opinion)

Sunayana: That's why I've asked my uncle to

come here. (... I've asked my

uncle over here)

Sulochana: We should tell him all about it, so

that he can have a correct under-

standing of it.

Sunayana: We should ask him to be here for

two days to avoid coming to a con-

clusion in a hurry. (So that we may

not come to a conclusion in a

hurry)

Sulochana: OK.

Ramesh: Hi Nikhila, What brings you here?

(àçöÀ™« ´î√a¢˛?)(Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ What brings you here? ÅØËCÅ´’-®√uü¿éπ®Ωç ÅØË Å§Ú£æ« ÖçC. é¬E ÉC´’®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† °æ©-éπ-JçÊ°. O’ conversation™ ûª®Ωîª÷ ¢√úøçúÕ.)

Nikhila: Just to see you. Long since we met,you know.

(E†’o îª÷-úø-ö«-EÍé. ´’†ç éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Eî√-™« ®ÓV-©-®·çC éπü∆)

Ramesh: Thank you. Any news of Krishna?

(´’ç*üË. éπ%≠æg†’ í∫’-Jç-* à¢Á’iØ√ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)

Nikhila: I'm afraid I haven't any.

(àç ûÁ-L-ߪ’ü¿’. Sorry)

Ramesh: I was hopeful you'd have someinformation about him.

(†’¢ËyüÓ ÅûªE í∫’-Jç-* îÁ§ƒh-´ØË Ç¨¡-ûÓ-ÖØ√o.)

Nikhila: Let's call Alamelu. She might havesome news.

(Å-©-¢Ë’-©’èπ◊ phone îËü∆lç. Ç¢Á’èπ◊ éÌçûªûÁL-ßÁ·îª’a.)

Ramesh: As a jockey he keeps movingabout. Let's call the Race course.They can give us definite informa-tion about him.

Åûª†’ jockey éπü∆. Åçü¿’-éπE †í∫-®√-©FoA®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-ö«úø’. Race course ¢√∞¡xèπ◊phone îËÊÆh ¢√∞¡x ü¿í∫_-®Ω éπ*a-ûª-´’-®·†Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç Öçô’çC)

(Jockey= ñ«éà – í∫’v®Ω-°æpç-ü∆--™x í∫’v®√-©†’†úÕ-Ê°-¢√∞¡Ÿx. Race course = í∫’v®Ω-°æpç--ü∆©’ïJÍí ¢Á’iü∆†ç)

Nikhila: But there aren't any races now inHyderabad. Not the season here.It's the Bangalore racing season.He might be in Bangalore.

(£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛™ í∫’v®Ω-°æpç-ü∆™‰ç ™‰´¤É°æ¤púø’. °æçü∆© Ææ´’-ߪ’ç- é¬-C-éπ\úø.É°æ¤púø’ ¶„çí∫∞¡⁄®˝ í∫’v®Ω-°æpç-ü∆© Time.Åûª-†-éπ\-úø’ç-úÌa.)

Ramesh: Do you have any friends there?

(Åéπ\úø FÈé-´-®ΩØ√o ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’©’Ø√o®√?)Nikhila: I haven't any friends there.

(Åéπ\úø Ø√Èé-´®Ω÷ ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’©’ ™‰®Ω’)Ramesh: Neither have I. How about having

coffee? I haven't had any sincemorning.

(Ø√èπÿ ™‰®Ω’. é¬Ææh coffee û√í∫’-ü∆´÷?§Òü¿’l--†’oç* coffee BÆæ’éÓ™‰ü¿’ ؈’)

Nikhila: Coffee is certainly welcome. I'vecome to you for some CDs on spo-ken English. Can you lend me them?

(Coffee Ø√éÀ-≠æd¢Ë’. ØËØÌ-*açC éÌEospoken English CD © éÓÆæç. -Å-NØ√éÀ-≤ƒh¢√?)

Ramesh: List the CDs you want.

(Fé¬\-´--©Æœ† CD © list ®√®·)Nikhila: I want some paper and pen.

(Ø√é¬\Ææh paper, pen 鬢√L)Ramesh: Here you are. Have this coffee too.

(ÉNíÓ. Ñ coffee èπÿú≈ BÆæ’éÓ)Nikhila: Thank you. But I need some more

sugar.

(Ø√éÌ\çîÁç °æçîª-ü∆®Ω 鬢√L.)Ramesh: There isn't any in this bowl. I will get

some. Wait.

(Ñ *†o §ƒvûª™ ™‰ü¿’. ØË-†’ BÆæ’éÌ≤ƒh.Öçúø’)

Spoken English ™ some èπ◊, any éÀ î√-™«-v§ƒ-´·-êu--´·ç-C. ´’†-ç-ü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’, some Åçõ‰ éÌçûª,éÌEo ÅF, any Åçõ‰ àüÁjØ√, à¢ÁjØ√, á´-È®jØ√ ÅE.

Some = éÌçûª, éÌEo. a) There is some milk in the glass =

í¬xÆæ’™ éÌçîÁç- §ƒ-©’-Ø√o®·.b) Have some coffee =

é¬Ææh coffee BÆæ’éÓ.c) She cooked some of the rice =

Ç Gߪ’uç™ -Ç-¢Á’ éÌçûª ´çúÕçC.d) I gave him some books yesterday =

E†o -Å-ûªúÕéÀ ؈’ éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-é¬-L-î√a†’.e) Some men were sitting; others were stand-

ing =

éÌçûª-´’çC èπÿ®Ω’aE ÖØ√o®Ω’, Éûª-®Ω’©’ E©’-EÖØ√o®Ω’.

f) Only some students were present =

éÌçü¿®Ω’ students ´÷vûª¢Ë’ class éÌî√a®Ω’.Any = àüÁjØ√, á´-È®jØ√a) Any book/ Any of the books here is very

expensive =

Ééπ\úÕ à °æ¤Ææh-éπ-¢Á’i-Ø√/- É-éπ\úÕ °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©™ àüÁjØ√êK--ü¿®·ç-üË.

b) Any of them will help you =

¢√∞¡x™x á´-È®jØ√ Fèπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îË≤ƒh®Ω’.

´÷´‚-©’í¬ affirmativesentences (no, not™‰E sentences) ™,some, not Ö†osentences ™í¬F/questions ™í¬F any¢√-úø-û√ç.1) They have some

books

(¢√∞¡x ü¿í∫_®Ω éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©’-Ø√o®·)X They do not (don't) have any books

(They haven't (have not) any books)

= ¢√∞¡x ü¿í∫_Í®ç °æ¤Ææh-鬩÷ ™‰´¤.Question:

Do they have any books?/ Have they anybooks?

(¢√∞¡x ü¿í∫_®Ω °æ¤Ææh-é¬-™‰-´’-Ø√o/- °æ¤Ææh鬙‰-¢ÁjØ√ÖØ√oߪ÷?)

2) He wants some more milk.

(Åûª-EéÀ ÉçéÌç-îÁç §ƒ©’ 鬢√L) X He doesn't want any more milk.

(Åûª-EéÀçé𠧃©-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’)Question:

Does he want any more milk?

(Éçé¬ §ƒ©’ 鬢√™«?)Å®·ûË éÌ-Eo Ææç-ü¿®√s¥-™x some, question ™πÿú≈ ¢√-úø-û√ç.

a) will you have some more Upma?

= ÉçéÌçîÁç Ö§ƒt BÆæ’èπ◊ç-ö«®√? DEéÀ answer

a) not ûÓ: No. Thank you. I don't want anymore.

b) not ™‰èπ◊çú≈: Thank you. A little more would do.(Éçé¬Ææh 鬢√L)

´·êuçí¬ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç:No = not any

eg: Waste no more time = Éçéπ time ´%-ü∑∆ îËßÁ·ü¿’l

= Do not (Don't) waste any more time.

ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆– no more = not any more.

1) Waste no more time

2) Don't waste any more time.

Ñ È®çúø’ èπÿú≈ grammatical í¬ correct.

Å®·ûË no more éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ not any more

ÅØËC spoken English ™ áèπ◊\´ ¢√-úø-û√®Ω’.Å™« ¢√úÕ-ûËØË English, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öçô’çC.

´’J-éÌEo examples îª÷úøçúÕ.a) There is no sugar in the bowl.

(ÉC spoken English -™ -Åç-ûª -áèπ◊\-´í¬-N-E°œç-îª-ü¿’.)

= There isn't any sugar in the bowl.

(ÉC spoken English -î√-™« natural

(Ææ£æ«-ïç)í¬ üµ¿yEç-îËô’d îËÆæ’hçC.)

b) I have no money (not natural) -

I haven't (have not) any money/ I don't

2) Come no more to me for help

(Ø√ ü¿í∫_-JéÀ Ææ£æ…ߪ÷EéÀ ®√´ü¿’l) – Éü¿ç-ûª natural é¬ü¿’. Spoken English ™≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ ÉC ¢√úø®Ω’. ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ áèπ◊\-´í¬¢√úË sentence –

Don't come to me any more for help.

3) I don't have any money ņôç,I have no money éπØ√o better, natural.

4) She doesn't have any property ņôç,She has no property éπØ√o better, natural.

Now look at the following sentences fromthe conversation at the beginning of thelesson:

1) I'm afraid I haven't any.

(I haven't any news = I have no news.

I have no news Åçûª Ææ£æ«-ï-¢Á’i† ¢√úø’éπ é¬ü¿’)2) ... You'd have some news-

not ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd some news.

(F ü¿í∫_-Í®üÓ ¢√®Ωh-©’ç-ö«-ߪ’E ÇPçî√) (Not / Question ûÓ any)

3) ... she might have some news.

not ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd some.

(Ç¢Á’ ü¿í∫_®Ω éÌçûª Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ÖçúÌa)4) But there aren't any races now.

(É™« ņôç, There are no races ņôçéπØ√o ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç, Ææ£æ«ïç)

5) Do you have any friends there?

(Question 鬕öÀd any)

6) I haven't any= I don't have any.

(É™« ņôç, I have no friends éπØ√o≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç, Ææ£æ«ïç)

7) I haven't had any coffee since morning.

(Better than saying, I have had no coffeesince morning)

N’í∫û√ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ some ¢√úøéπç éÌçûª ÅF, éÌFoÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√ú≈ç îª÷úøçúÕ.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 8 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Have some coffee-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 224-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

-v°æ-¨¡o: 1. say ûª®√yûª to Öçô’çC.tell ûª®√yûª Öçúøü¿’. éÌEoverbs usage ™ confuseÅ´¤-ûª’Ø√oç. DEéÀ °æJ-≥ƒ\-®Ω-¢Ë’-N’öÀ?

2. exams ®√ÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ time Å®·-§Ú-ûª’-†oC -Å-E ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫîÁ§ƒpL?

3. He is in college now, He isat college now. ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?

– Èé.Ç®˝. v°œßª’-ü¿-JzE, é¬éÀ-Ø√úø

-ï-¢√-•’: 1. Say ûª®√yûª to¢√úøôç, tell ûª®√yûª to ®√éπ-§Ú-´ôçÅØËC English usage ™ ¶µ«í∫ç.Åçõ‰ ¢√úø’éπ v°æ鬮Ωç ´Ææ’hçC.´’†ç ûÁ©’-í∫’™ äéπJ O’ü¿éÓ°æçí¬ ÖçC, Åçö«ç. Ééπ\úø'O’ü¿— ÅE áçü¿’-éπ-Ø√L Åçõ‰ àçîÁ-°æp™‰ç éπü∆? Å™«Íí English ™à ´÷ô ´·çü¿÷/- ûª-®√yû√ àpreposition ´Ææ’hç-ü¿-ØËC îªC-¢Ë--

ô°æ¤púø’, NØË-ô-°æ¤púø’ Å©-¢√ô’°æúÕí∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æ-ߪ’¢Ë’. 2. Time is up (Time Å®·-§Ú-

®·çC). Half an hour is up(Å®Ω-í∫ç-ô-®·çC).Time is over ÅØËC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.

3. He is in college now = Åûª†’college ™ ÖØ√oúø’ = He is atcollege now. É™«çöÀîÓôx, in,at ûËú≈ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ¢√úø’ûª’çö«®Ω’.àüÁjØ√ correct. éÌEoîÓôx, in èπ◊- ·çü¿’, 'the' ¢√ú≈-Lq- ®√-´îª’a.

EXERCISE

Practise the following aloud in English.

Vinod: F ü¿í∫_®Ω computer books à-¢Ó Ö†o-ô’x-Ø√o®·. Ø√éÌ\-Eo-≤ƒh¢√?

Vikram: á´-®Ω-Ø√o®Ω’? Ø√ ü¿í∫_Í®ç computerbooks ™‰´¤.

Vinod: †’´¤y ´÷´‚-©’í¬ éÌçô’ç-ö«´¤ éπü∆?Vikram: É°æ¤púø’ úø•’s©’ ™‰´¤. éÌ-†-úøç ™‰ü¿’.Vinod: Ç library ™ Ø√éÀçé¬ °æ¤Ææh-é¬-L-´y-ôç-

™‰ü¿’.Vikram: áçü¿’-éπE?Vinod: Ø√™«çöÀ outsiders éÀ ¢√∞¡Ÿx °æ¤Ææh-é¬ -

L-´y-®Ωô.Vikram: I am sorry. é̆’-éÓ\- a éπü∆?Vinod: Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s-™‰ü¿’.

ANSWER

Vinod: You seem to have some computer books.Can you lend me some?

Vikram: Who said so? I don't have any (books oncomputers).

Vinod: You usually buy, don't you?

Vikram: I don't have any money. I don't buy (them)any more.

Vinod: They aren't giving me books any more inthe library.

Vikram: Why?

Vinod: They aren't giving books to outsiders likeme any more.

Vikram: I'm sorry. Why don't you buy?

Vinod: I haven't the money/ I don't have the money.

Govardhan: Where are you going?

(áéπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o¢˛?)Sudarsan: No where in particular

(áéπ\-úÕéà ™‰ü¿’/ °∂晫-†-îÓ-öÀ-éπØËç ™‰ü¿’,àüÓ Å™« ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o)

Govardhan: (Are you) meeting any

friends today?

(Ñ®ÓV v°∂çú˛qØÁ´-J-ØÁjØ√ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o¢√?)

Sudarsan: None

(á -JF éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ- ôç ™‰ü¿’)Govardhan: Have you any programme

today?

(Ñ®ÓV àüÁjØ√ 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç Öçü∆?)Sudarsan: None at all

(ÅÆæ™‰ç ™‰ü¿’)Govardhan: You were asking me for Sekhar's

address. What do you want from

him?

(†’´¤y ¨Ïê®˝ ÅvúøÆˇ ÅúÕ-í¬´¤.¢√úÕ†’ç* à´’Ø√o 鬢√™«?)

Sudarsan: Nothing. I just wanted to see him.

(àç Åéπ\Í®xü¿’. ¢√úÕE îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’)

Govardhan: Here you are. This slip has his

address. Why are you going to

see him?

(ÉCíÓ Ñ Æœx°ˇ™ ¢√úÕ ÅvúøÆˇ ÖçC.¢√úÕE áçü¿’èπ◊ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤ ?)

Sudarsan: I wonder if he can help me get a

gas cylinder.

(í¬uÆˇ ÆœLç-úø®˝ à´’Ø√o É°œpç-îª-í∫-©-úË-¢Á÷-†E)

Govardhan: How much gas have you at

home now?

(Éçöx í¬uÆˇ áçûª’çC?)Sudarsan: Nil.

(ÅÆæ-™‰ç- ™‰ü¿’)Govardhan: I am sure he can help you.

(-¢√-úø’ Fèπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËߪ’-í∫-©-úø؈´’téπç Ø√èπ◊çC.)

Sudarsan: But today is Sunday. Is there any-

thing he can do?

(é¬F É¢√y∞¡ ÇC-¢√®Ωç. -¢√-úø’îËߪ’í∫-L-Íí-üË-´’Ø√o Öçü∆?)

Govardhan: Nothing, I'm afraid.

(à癉ü¿’)I'm afraid – Å™« îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ¶«üµ¿-°æ--úø’-ûª’Ø√o.Sudarsan: So I've to wait till tomorrow. We

have to make do with the

Kerosene stove at home.

(Åçõ‰ Í®°æöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ áü¿’®Ω’ îª÷ú≈-LqçüË. Åçûª´®Ωèπ◊ éÀ®ÓÆœØ˛Ææd¢˛ûÓ Ææ®Ω’l-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË.)

[ [ [éÀçü¿öÀ ™„Ææ-Ø˛™ îª÷¨»ç ´’†ç. No = not any

ÅE. Spoken English ™ ûª®Ωîª÷, no •ü¿’©’ not

any ¢√úøôç Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ω-ù¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, Ææ£æ«ïç(natural) ÅE èπÿú≈.There is no sugar in the bowl ™«çöÀ sen-

tences conversational English ™ î√™« -ÅÆæ£æ«-ïçí¬ NE°œ-Ææ’hçC.There is no sugar in

the bowl •ü¿’©’, There isn't (is not) any

sugar in the bowl ÅØËC spoken English ™áèπ◊\´ NE°œÆæ’hç-ô’çC, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ üµ¿yE-Ææ’hçCèπÿú≈.(´·êu N-≠æߪ’ç: No any áéπ\-ú≈ -¢√úøç.There is no any sugar in the bowl. ÉC Eng-

lish é¬ü¿’. Not... any î√™« ûª®Ωîª’í¬ ´Ææ’hçC;no any á°æ¤púø÷ ®√ü¿’)

a) Subodh: How many boys are there in the

room?

(Ç í∫C™ áçûª-´’çC Ŷ«s-®·-©’-Ø√o®Ω’?)Prasanth: There aren't any = á´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’

There are not any - ÉC î√™« Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬, Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ NE-°œçîË response.

(There are no students at all – ÉC correct

Å®·-†-°æpéà spoken English ™ Åçûªí¬ ¢√úøç)b) Kamala: Have you any story books?

Vimala: I'm sorry I haven't any/ I don't have

any.

(I haven't any ÅØËC áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’)some, any, not any (n't any ®Ω÷°æç™) spo-

ken English ™ î√™« v§ƒüµ∆†uç Ö-Ø√o®·. ´’†conversation Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ üµ¿yEç-î√-©çõ‰OöÀE ¶«í¬ Åüµ¿u-ߪ’†ç îËÆœ ¢√úø-í∫-©-í¬L.

Look at the following sentences:

a) Ram: I want some paper. Have you any?

(Ø√èπ◊ é¬ÆæhÊ°°æ®˝ 鬢√L. Fü¿-í∫_-Í®-´’Ø√oÖçü∆?)

Laxman: I have some/ I do have some, but I

can't lend you any. I need all of it

now.

(Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω ÖçC/ Öçúø-ö«-E-ÈéjûË ÖçC, é¬F

FÍéç É´y-™‰†’. Å´Fo/Åü¿çû√ Ø√èπ◊ 鬢√L.í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆:Paper, uncountable

Åçõ‰ papers ÅE plural

¢√úøç; paper ´·çü¿’ a/

an, 1, 2, 3 ™«çöÀ Ææçêu-©÷-¢√úøç. ÉC ´’†ç®√ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ, printing

èπ◊¢√úË paper N≠æ-ߪ’ç™)鬕öÀd ´’† conversation ™ ´·êuçí¬ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç. Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd no •ü¿’©’,not any (n't any) ¢√úøôç conversation Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçúËô’x îËÆæ’hçC.Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ:

b) There are no good watches in the shop =

There aren't any good watches in the shop.

Ééπ\úø There aren't any good watches ņôç,There are no good watches... éπØ√o Ææ®Ω∞¡ç,Ææ£æ«ïç.c) His watch is no better than mine =

Ø√ ¢√---î˝ éπçõ‰- Åûª-úÕ ¢√---î˝ Â°ü¿l-¢Á’-®Ω’ÈíjçüËO’ é¬ü¿’– DEo É™« ņôç better.

His watch isn't any better than mine (spo-

ken form)

Å®·ûË 'no' form ÅÆæ©’ ¢√úø-®ΩE é¬ü¿’. 'No' form

èπÿú≈ î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç, ´·êuçí¬ ™‰ü¿’,é¬ü¿’, ÅE ´·éπh-Ææ-Jí¬ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-Ø√©’ (short neg-

ative responses) ÉîËaô-°æ¤púø’,Look at the following sentences:

a) Balu: How many students have come?

(áçûª-´’çC Nü∆u-®Ω’n-™Ô-î√a®Ω’?)Sekhar: None/ No one

(á´®Ω÷ ®√™‰ü¿’)b) Balu: What did you say?

(à´’-Ø√o´‹?)Subha: Nothing = (I said nothing)

(ØËØËç ņ-™‰ü¿’)c) Sankar: who told you to do that?

(EØÁo-´®Ω’ îËߪ’-´’-Ø√o-®ΩC?)Brahmam: Nobody.

(á´®Ω÷ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’)É™« é¬ü¿’, ™‰ü¿’ ÅE ´·éπh-Ææ-Jí¬ responses ÉîËa-ô°æ¤púø’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’, no, no combinations ¢√úøû√ç.d) Sudhakar: How many books will you give

me?

(áEo °æ¤Ææh-é¬-L-≤ƒh´¤ Ø√èπ◊?)Prabhakar: None. (None - àO É´y†’)É°æ¤p-úÕC îª÷úøçúÕ.e) Suman: How many has he given you?

(Åûªúø’ FÈéEoî√aúø’?)Sunil: None/ He hasn't given me any.

îª÷úøçúÕ. short response Å®·ûË None

ÅØËÆœ ÇÊ°≤ƒhç. ÅüË sentence Å®·ûË, He

has'nt, given me any, ÅE not... any

Åçô’Ø√oç. ÉD, no, no combinations èπÿ,not... any éà ֆo ûËú≈.

f) Prem: Who did you consult about this?

(Ñ N≠æߪ’ç™ á´JE Ææçv°æ-Cç-î√´¤?)Syam: a) None (short negative response)

b) I didn't consult anyone (sentence)

(I consulted no one ņ-ç)g) Sri Ram: Where did you go last night?

(E†o ®√vA áéπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞«x¢˛?)Srihari: a) No where (short response- naga-

tive)

b) I didn't go anywhere (sentence)

(I went no where ņç)É™« no, no combination (none, never, no

where, nil ™«çöÀN) short nagative respons-

es èπ◊ ´·êuçí¬ ¢√úøû√ç. sentence Å®·ûËnot... any Åçö«ç. short negative response

-™ á°æ¤púø÷ äéπ-´÷õ‰ Öçô’çC.h) Ramesh: Have you ever been to the US?

(Å¢Á’-Jé¬ á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√ ¢Á∞«x¢√?)Suresh: a) Never. (short response - one

word)

b) I haven't been there at any time / so far.

(I have never been there - spoken form ™ÉC Å®Ω’ü¿’ )

Let's study the following exchanges from

the conversation at the beginning of this

lesson:

É´Fo èπÿú≈ short negative responses:

1) Govardhan: Where are you going?

Sudarsan: No where (in particular)

(áéπ\-úÕéà ™‰ü¿’)2) Govardhan: (Are you) meeting any

friends?

Sudarsan: None.

(™‰ü¿’)3) Govardhan: Have you any programme

today?

Sudarsan: None (at all) =

ÅÆæ©’ ™‰ü¿’.4) Govardhan: What do you want from him?

Sudarsan: Nothing.

(àç Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’)5) Govardhan: How much gas have you...?

Sudarsan: Nil.

(ÅÆæ™‰ç ™‰ü¿’)6) Sudarsan: Is there anything he can do?

Govardhan: Nothing.

(àç ™‰ü¿’)Å®·ûË Ñ Short nagative responses ÉîËa--ô°æ¤púø’, I'm sorry, I'm afraid, I wonder

™«çöÀN ¢√úø- a.a) Prakash: Can you lend me some money?

Prabhat: I'm afraid, no / No, I'm afraid /

I'm sorry, no / No, I'm sorry.

b) Sumanth: Is your dad coming?

Srikanth: I wonder. (=No)

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 10 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

HAVE YOU ANY PROGRAMME TODAY?-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 225-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

Exercise: Practise the following aloud inEnglish. (use short negative responses)Gopal: á´-JE éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤ E†o?

Govind: á´JF éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’.

Gopal: ´’È®-éπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞«x´¤ E†o ®√vA?

Govind: áéπ\-úÕéà ¢Á∞¡x-™‰ü¿’.

Gopal: Å®·ûË Éçöx èπÿ®ÌaE àçîË-¨»´¤?

Govind: àO’ îÁߪ’u-™‰ü¿’. öÀ.N. îª÷¨».

Gopal: áEo áéπq®˝ÂÆj--V-©’ î˨»´¤?-

Govind: äéπ\öà îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’.

Gopal: -öÃ-O-™ áEo Æ‘-J-ߪ’-™¸q îª÷¨»´¤?

Govind: àD îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’. -véÀÈé-ö¸ îª÷¨».

ANSWER

Gopal: Who did you meet yesterday?

Govind: None / Nobody

Gopal: Then where did you go last night?

Govind: No where

Gopal: What did you do sitting at home then?

Govind: Nothing. I just watched the TV

Gopal: How many exercises did you do?

Govind: None.

Gopal: How many serials did you watch?

Govind: None. I watched cricket.

Ñ short negative responses èπ◊ •ü¿’©’,

not... any ûÓ ÖçúË sentences practice

îËߪ’çúÕ.

Madhavi: Your place looks beautiful whatwith the white wash and paints.

(¢Á©x ¢Ëߪ’ôç, ®Ωçí∫’©’ ¢Ëߪ’-ôç-´©x O’É©’x Åçü¿çí¬ éπE-°œ-≤ÚhçC.)

Sridevi: I told you, my sister is getting mar-ried in a month, so we had thewhole building done up. Dad got itwhite washed and painted.

(îÁ§ƒp†’ í∫ü∆, ã ØÁ©-™í¬ ´÷ Åéπ\ߪ’u°Rx. Åçü¿’-éπE É©xçû√ Æœü¿l¥ç î˨»ç.Ø√†o ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á©x, ®Ωçí∫’©’ ¢Ë®·ç-î√®Ω’.)

Do up = Æœü¿l¥ç îËߪ’ôçMadhavi: Who were the workers? I must say

they did a good job of it. I will sug-gest dad that he hire them too forour home.

(°æE-¢√-∞Îx-´®Ω’? °æ†çû√ ¶«í¬ØË î˨»-®ΩEîÁ§ƒpL. ´÷ Ø√†oèπ◊ îÁ§ƒh, ´÷ ÉçöÀ°æEéÀ èπÿú≈ ¢√∞¡xØË Â°ô’d-éÓ-´’E.)

Do a good job of something =

äéπ °æEE ÆæJí¬/ ûª%°œh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ îËߪ’ôç.

Hire = (£æ«ßª’) ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç – ÅüÁlèπ◊BÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç. Ééπ\-úø®Ωnç – ã °æE-Èé-´-J-ØÁjØ√èπ◊ü¿’-®Ω’a-éÓ-´ôç.

Sridevi: We had it done on contract. Dad's

friend is a small time civil contrac-

tor. He got everything done for us.

(Åçû√ contract °æE-¢√∞¡xûÓ îË®·çî√ç.Ø√†o v°∂çú˛ äéπ *†o ÆœN™¸ é¬çvö«-éπd®˝.Çߪ’† ´÷éπFo îË®·ç-î√úø’.)

Madhavi: How are the other preparations

going on?

(Éûª®Ω -à®√p-ôx-Fo ᙫ ≤ƒí∫’-ûª’-Ø√o®·?)

Sridevi: Briskly, of course. You know, all that

matters is money. Once you have

enough of it you can have anything

readied in no time.

(®Ω’í¬_ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o®·. äéπ N≠æߪ’çûÁ©’-Ææ’éÓ. ÅEo-öÀéà ´·êuç úø•’s.ÅC-í∫-†éπ î√L-†çûª Öçõ‰ üËØÁj oØ√éπ~ùç™ Æœü¿l¥ç îËßÁ·îª’a.)

All that matters = ÅÆæ©’ N≠æߪ’ç/

´·êu-¢Á’içC ÅEoçö«.

In no time = éπ~ùç™

briskly = ®Ω’í¬_/ îªéπ-îªé¬

Madhavi: That's true. What about wedding

shopping?

(°RxéÀ éÌØ√-Lq† ´Ææ’h-´¤© N≠æߪ’ç?)

Sridevi: Most of it, over. Sister is getting all

her dresses stitched, and some

blouses too. She has fall sewn up

for her saris.

(áèπ◊\-´-¶µ«í∫ç Å®·-§Ú-®·çC. ûª†dresses ÅFo èπ◊öÀdç-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊çC. éÌEoblouses èπÿú≈ Å®·-§Ú-ߪ÷®·. <®Ω-©èπ◊falls èπÿú≈ èπ◊öÀdç-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-öçC.

Sewn (≤ÚØ˛) - past participle of sew. sew

- pronunciation - ≤Ú (no ™«í¬) = èπ◊ôdúøç.

Madhavi: So things are going on well.

(ÅFo Æævéπ-´’çí¬ ïJ-T-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o-ߪ’-®·ûË)

Sridevi: We have to get the invitation cards

printed. We have the list of invitees

ready. We expect the cards to be

ready by tomorrow, but we will start

posting them a little later. Inviting

now will be too early. People may

forget.

(¨¡Ÿ¶µº-™‰-ê©’ ´÷vûªç Åa-é¬-¢√L. Ç£æ…y-E-ûª’© ñ«Gû√ Æœü¿l¥çí¬ ÖçC. Í®°æ-öÀéÀcards ®√´îª’a. é¬E °æç°æôç ´÷vûªçéÌEo ®ÓV© ûª®√yûª îË≤ƒhç. É°æ¤púË°œLÊÆh ´’K ´·çü¿-®Ω-´¤-ûª’çC. ¢√∞¡Ÿx´’®Ω-*-§Ú-´îª’a)

Madhavi: OK. Then. I must be going. I have

to get my clothes washed and

ironed.

(ØË¢Á-∞«xL ´’J. Ø√ •ôd©’ ÖA-éÀç* ÉÆ‘YîË®·ç--éÓ-¢√L.)

Sridevi: Bye then.

°æ†’©’ ´’†ç îË≤ƒhç.Éûª-®Ω’©ûÓ îË®·≤ƒhç.´’†ç îËߪ’ôç Å®·ûË,We do something. Éûª-®Ω’©ûÓ îË®·ç-îªôç ņ-ö«-EéÀ, we make oth-ers do it, Åçö«ç.a) The teacher made

him study =

Teacher ÅûªúÕ îËûª îªC-Nç-î√úø’.b) Hari made the little boy walk the whole dis-

tance =£æ«J Ç °œ™«xúÕûÓ Åçûª ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕ-°œç-î√úø’/†úÕ-îËô’x î˨»úø’.

c) In government offices the staff make peo-ple wait =

(v°æ¶µº’ûªy 鬮√u-©-ߪ÷-™xE Æœ•sçC v°æï-©†’é¬îª’-èπ◊ØËô’x îË≤ƒh®Ω’.)

Åçõ‰ îË®·ç-îªôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ... make (some-one) do (something) Åçö«ç. Å®·ûË ÉC àüÓ•©-´ç-ûªç-í¬-í¬F, ã Péπ~-™«-í¬F ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.È®çúÓ N≠æߪ’ç. É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x make (îË®·ç-îªôç) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úÕûË, make ûª®√yûª to ®√ü¿’.He made me do the work =

Ø√îË °æE îË®·ç-î√úø’.(He made me to do the work é¬ü¿’)Å®·ûË make ... do ÅEoîÓö«x èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’.éÌEo éÌEo °æ†’©’ ´’†ç îËߪ’ç. ¢√öÀE úøGs*aí¬F,¢Á·£æ«-´÷-ô-°öÀdí¬F îË®·ç--éÌçö«ç. ´·êuçí¬´’†ç §ÒçüË ÊÆ´©’. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ make (some-one) do (something) ®√ü¿’.Åçü¿’èπ◊ •ü¿’©’–a) ... have something done by someone

OR

b) ... get something done by someone, Åçö«ç.1) Hari has his house white washed regularly-

once in two years.

(£æ«J ûª† ÉçöÀéÀ véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ¢Á©x-¢Ë-®·-≤ƒhúø’–È®çúË-∞¡x-éÓ-≤ƒJ)

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Hari has ... whitewashed.

whitewashed Ééπ\úø past participle.

2) Tarun: How about lending me your bike fora day? (F bike Ø√éÃ-®Ó-V-éÀ-≤ƒh¢√?)

Varun: Take it, but have it filled.

(BÆæ’éÓ, é¬F petrol §Ú®·ç.)have + it + filled (past participle)

3) Åûª†’ Éçöx fans ÅFo ûª’úÕ-°œç-î√úø’ =He had all the fans at home cleaned

(had ... cleaned (past participle))

4) The TV isn't all right. I'll have to get itrepaired.

(TV ÆæJí¬ ™‰ü¿’. ü∆Eo repair îË®·ç-î√L.)have to get it repaired (past participle)

Ééπ\úø ´’†ç í∫´’-Eç-î√-LqçC: °j† ûÁL-°œ† °æ†’-©Fo´’†ç-ûªô ´’†ç îËߪ’ç. ¢√öÀE îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡x îËûªîË®·≤ƒhç. Åô’-´ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ have/ get + something+ done (past participle) by someone Åçö«ç.

1) The doctor had the patient's ECG taken.

Doctor ®ÓT ECG B®·ç-î√úø’.(had •ü¿’©’ got ¢√úø-´îª’a.)structure: had/ got + the patient's ECG +taken (past participle)

2) She had/ got her daughter's birth chart pre-pared =

Ç¢Á’ ûª† èπÿûª’J ñ«ûªéπ îªvéπç ¢Ë®·ç-*çC.Birth chart = ñ«ûªéπ îªvéπç – °æ¤ô’déπ Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ví∫£æ«ç, †éπ~-vû√© ≤ƒnØ√-©†’ ûÁLÊ° í∫∞¡x °æöÀdéπ.

3) The minister used his influence and got theprime price of land sold to his son-in-law.

ûª† °æ©’-èπ◊-•-úÕûÓ ´’çvA î√™« N©’- ¤†o ¶µº÷N’Eûª† Å©’x-úÕéÀ ÅN’tç-î√úø’.

ÉD have/ got + something + past participle¢√úøéπç.Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ.a) ÆæÈ®j† manager Ææé¬-™«-EéÀ °æE °æ‹Jh îË®·-≤ƒhúø’

A good/ an efficient manager gets the workdone on time.

Ééπ\úø gets •ü¿’©’ has èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.

b) He some how got/ had the meeting post-poned =

¢Á·û√h-EéÀ, Åûª†’ meeting †’ ¢√®·ü∆¢Ë®·ç-î√úø’.

ÉO have/ got + something + past participleÖ°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’:Now let's look at the following sentencesfrom the conversation at the beginning ofthe lesson:

1) We had the whole building done up =

(had + the whole building + done (past par-ticiple) =

¢Ë’ç building ¢Á·ûªhç Æœü¿l¥ç îË®·çî√ç2) We had it done on contract =

Åçû√ contract ûÓ îË®·çî√ç ¢Ë’ç.had it done - had + it + done (past partici-ple)

3) You can have anything readied in no time =

éπ~ùç™ àüÁjØ√ Æœü¿l¥ç îË®·ç-îª- a.have + anything + readied (past participle)

4) Sister is getting all her dresses stitched =

Åéπ\ߪ’u ûª† dresses ÅEoöÀF èπ◊öÀdç--èπ◊ç-öçC.(getting + dresses + stitched - past partici-ple)

5) She has falls sewn up for her saris =

<®Ω-©èπ◊ falls èπ◊öÀdç--èπ◊ç-öçC.has + falls + sewn (past participle)

6) We have to get invitation cards printed =

¨¡Ÿ¶µº-™‰-ê©’ ÅîËa-®·ç-î√L.get (have) + invitation cards + printed (pastparticiple)

7) I have to get my clothes washed andironed

•ôd©’ ÖA-éÀç* ÉÆ‘Y îË®·ç--éÓ-¢√L.get (have) + my clothes + washed andironed (past participle).

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 12 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

We had it done on contract-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 226-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING ALOUD IN ENGLISH

Vennela: Fridge àüÓ îÁúÕ-§Ú-®·ç-ü¿-Ø√o´¤.repair îË®·ç-î√¢√?

Purnima: Ç– îË®·ç-î√†’. §Ú®·† ¨¡E-¢√®Ωç.´’Sx É°æ¤púø’ ÆæJí¬ °æE-îË-ߪ’-ôç-™‰ü¿’.

Vennela: Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ† mechanic ÖØ√oúø’.Åûª-úÕûÓ îË®·ü∆lç Ñ≤ƒJ.

Purnima: ´÷ Çߪ’† ÅØ√o®Ω’, exchange

offer àüÓ Öçü¿E. éÌûªh fridge ûÓ´÷Jpç--èπ◊ç-ü∆-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’.

Vennela: Å®·ûË, é¬F.

Purnima: ´’Sx ÅüË brand fridge ´Ææ’hçCéπü∆. ÅC Ø√éÀ-≠ædç-™‰ü¿’.

Vennela: Å®·ûË àç îËߪ’-¶-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?

Purnima: ÉC ´÷ mechanic ûÓ ÅN’tç*éÌûªhC ¢ËÍ® éÌçü∆-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.

Vennela: ÅüË ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’.

ANSWER

Vennela: You were saying your fridge was out

of order. Did you get/ have it

repaired?

Purnima: I had it repaired last saturday but it

has gone out of order again.

Vennela: I know a good mechanic. This time

you get/ have it repaired by him.

Purnima: My husband has told me of an

exchange offer. I want to have this

one exchanged for a new one.

Vennela: Go ahead then.

Purnima: But we get the same brand again. I

don't like it.

Vennela: So what are you going to do?

Purnima: I want to have/ get it sold by our

mechanic and buy a new one.

Vennela: That's better.

Bhaskar: Why are you smiling?

(áçü¿’èπ◊ †´¤y-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?)Himakar: We had our uncle here yesterday.

All the time he was here he had usin stitches of laughter. He hasmany jokes.

(E†o ´÷´’ߪ’u ´î√aúø’. Ö†oçûªÊÆ°æ‹éπúø’-°æ¤•s †NyÆæ÷hØË ÖØ√oúø’. Çߪ’†î√™« ñé˙q ¢Ë≤ƒhúø’)

stitches of laughter = Ç°æ¤-éÓ-™‰E †´¤y.Bhaskar: But why are you laughing now?

(Å®·ûË É°æ¤p-úÁç-ü¿’èπ◊ †´¤y-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?)Himakar: I remembered one of his jokes and

that forced me to laugh.

(Çߪ’† ñé˙q™ äéπöÀ í∫’®Ω’h-éÌ-*açC.ÅC Ø√èπ◊ †´¤y ûÁ°œpç-*çC)

Bhaskar: We wish to have around people

making enjoy fun, don't we?

(Ææ®Ωü∆ éπL-TçîË ´’†’-≠æfl©’ ´’† °æéπ\-†-Öç--ú≈-©-E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊çö«ç éπü∆?)

Himakar: We do, certainly.

(Å´¤†’, éπ*a-ûªçí¬)

Bhaskar: He was here yesterday, wasn't he?

(E†o éπü∆ Çߪ’-E-éπ\-úø’çC?)

Himakar: He was on his way to Ooty. He

would have me accompany him,

but dad didn't like to have me

wasting my time when the exams

are so close.

(Çߪ’† Üöà ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. ؈÷ûª†ûÓ ¢Á∞«x-©E Çߪ’† éÓJéπ. é¬F ´÷Ø√†o Ø√ °æK-éπ~©’ ü¿í∫_®Ω °æúø’-ûª’ç-úø-ôçûÓ, ؈’ time waste îËߪ’-ú≈-EéÀÇߪ’† ä°æ¤p-éÓ-™‰ü¿’)

Bhaskar: My dad's the opposite. He would

have me going around places,

exams or no exams. Not that he

would have me neglecting my

studies, but he leaves it to me.

(´÷ Ø√†o DEéÀ ´uA-Í®éπç. ؈÷∞¡ŸxA®Ω-í∫úøç Çߪ’-†-éÀ-≠æd¢Ë’, °æK-éπ~-©’Ø√o,™‰èπ◊Ø√o. Å®·ûË Øˆ’ îªü¿’´¤ ÖÊ°-éÀ~ÊÆhÇߪ’† Ü®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ö«-úøE é¬ü¿’, é¬F Ø√Íé´C-™‰-≤ƒh®Ω’)

Himakar: You're lucky there. My mom does-

n't have me leave my books either.

(Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ †’´y-ü¿%-≠æd-´ç-ûª’-úÕN. ´÷Å´’t -èπÿú≈ ††’o °æ¤Ææh-é¬-™Ô-ü¿-©-E-´yü¿’.)

Bhaskar: But my trouble is of a different

kind. My dad has me doing all

kinds of jobs at home. That's the

only problem.

(Å®·ûË Ø√ ¶«üµ¿ ¢ËÍ®-®Ωéπç. ´÷ Ø√†oØ√-ûÓ ÅEo®Ω鬩 °æ†’©’ îË®·-≤ƒhúø’.ÅüÌ-éπ\õ‰ Ææ´’Ææu.)

Himakar: Even there my dad's different. Hewill not have me doing any job. Hedoes all jobs by himself. OK. I mustbe going. Bye.

(Åéπ\úø èπÿú≈ ´÷ Ø√†o ûËú≈ØË. Å-Eo°æ†’©÷ Çߪ’ØË îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’. ÆæÍ®. ØË¢Á∞«xL. Bye)

°j conversation ™ have Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷úøçúÕ.Have èπ◊ -Ö†o î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬™x ÉüÌ-éπöÀ. ÉCSpoken English ™ Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ωùç. Ñ ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i†Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬-EéÀ î√-™« v§ƒ´·êu-´·çC. O’ conver-sation ™ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

Have/ has (someone) do (ing) something -ÉD ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¶-ûª’--†o have Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. É™«¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ have Å®Ωnç äéπ-J-îË äéπ -°æE îË®·ç--éÓ-´ôç – †îªa-ñ„§Úp, Çïc-í¬ØÓ.

a) Hari's wife has him do/ doing all the work

at home = £æ«J ¶µ«®Ωu Åûª-úÕ-ûÓ -ÅEo °æ†’©÷îË®·ç--èπ◊ç-ô’çC.

b) The teacher had the boys decorate the

school for the school anniversary =

Ææ÷\™¸ ¢√J-éÓ-ûªq-¢√-EéÀ °œ©x©îË Ææ÷\™¸†’ Å©ç-éπ-Jç-îËô’x î˨»úø’.

c) The husband had the wife wash / washing

and iron / ironing all his clothes =

Ç ¶µº®Ωh ¶µ«®ΩuîË ÅûªúÕ •ôd©’ ÖA-éÀç* ÉÆ‘YîË®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.

°j sentences ÅEoç-öÀ-™ have someone do /

doing something Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç – äéπJ îËûª äéπ °æEîË®·ç--éÓ-´ôç – •A-´÷™, ¶„C-JçîÓ, Çñ«c-°œçîÓ.ÉC èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ.

d) She had me doing all kinds of jobs for her

= Ø√îËûª Ç¢Á’ ÅEo °æ†’©÷ îË®·ç--èπ◊çC.

DEéÀ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬ ´’†ç á´®ΩoØ√o -àüÁjØ√îËߪ’-E-´y-éπ-§ÚûË Å°æ¤púø’–

don't / doesn't / can't / won't have someone

doing something = á´-È®j oØ√ àü¿-®·Ø√ °æEîËߪ’-E-´y-éπ-§Ú-´úøç.

a) She doesn't have her husband talking

badly about her parents =

-Ç-¢Á’ ûª† ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©†’ í∫’Jç* ûª† ¶µº®Ωh†’îÁúø’í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-E-´y-ü¿-Ææ©’.

b) Sita: Dad, I want to do combined study

with savithri at her home.

(؈’ ≤ƒN-vAûÓ éπLÆœ îªü¿’-´¤-éÓ--´ö«-EéÀ,ûª† ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.)

Rao: At this hour ofthe night? No. Ican't have yougoing out alone.

Éçûª-®√-vûª-°æ¤pú≈?-ØË-†’ -E-†’o ÑÆæ´’-ߪ’ç™ äçô-Jí¬ ¢Á∞¡x-E-´y†’.

c) Parents can't have

their children wasting time =

ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©’ ûª´’ °œ©xLo Æ洒ߪ’ç ´%ü∑∆ îËߪ’-E-´y®Ω’.

d) Kumar: Mom, can I have one more cup of

coffee?

(ØËEçéÓ éπ°æ¤p 鬰∂‘ û√í∫Ø√?)

Kusuma: Not any more, son. I won't have

you spoiling your health.

(ÉçÍéç ™‰ü¿’. E†’o Ç®Óí∫uç §ƒúø’îËÆæ’-éÓ-E-´y†’.)

e) The teacher won't have her pupils playing

in the rain =

öÃ˝ Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©†’ ´®Ωç™ Çúø’-éÓ-E-´yü¿’.

É™« a) have someone do something (äéπ-J-îËûªã °æE-îË-®·ç-îªôç);

b) don't / doesn't / can't / won't / couldn't /

wouldn't have someone do something

(äéπ-JE äéπ °æE-îË-ߪ’-E-´y-éπ-§Ú-´ôç). Conver-

sation ™ î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ NE-°œ-Ææ’hçC. 鬕öÀdO’®Ω’ èπÿú≈ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

Now look at the following sentences from

the conversation above:

1) ... he had us laughing with his jokes =

´’´’tLo Çߪ’† jokes ûÓ †Nyç-îË-¨»úø’.

2) We wish to have around people making us

enjoy fun =

Ææ®Ωü∆ éπL-Tç* †Nyç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’† °æéπ\-† Öçú≈-©E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊çö«ç.

3) He would have me accompany him to

Ooty =

Çߪ’-†ûÓ ††’o ÜöÃéÀ BÆæ’-Èé-∞«x-©E Çߪ’† éÓJéπ.

4) ... dad didn't like to have me wasting my

time =

Ø√†oèπ◊ Ø√ îËûª time waste îË®·ç-îª-ôç É≠æd癉ü¿’.

5) ... He would have me going around place

††’o Ü∞¡Ÿx A§ƒp-©çõ‰ Çߪ’-†èπ◊ É≠ædç.

6) Not that he would have me neglecting my

studies =

††’o îªü¿’´¤ ÖÊ°-éÀ~ç-îË™« îËߪ÷-©E é¬ü¿’.

7) My mom doesn't have me leave my books

´÷ Å´’t ††’o °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ´ü¿-©-E- yü¿’.

8) My dad has me doing all work at home =

´÷ Ø√†o Ø√îËûª ÅEo °æ†’©÷ îË®·-≤ƒhúø’.

9) He will not have me doing any job =

Çߪ’† Ø√îËûª à °æF îË®·ç-îª-E-´yúø’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-¨¡-E-¢√®Ωç 14 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

He will not have me doing any job-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 227-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

-v°æ-¨¡o: i) Sentence ™ would have + P.P. ¢√úÕûË ü∆E Å®ΩnçàN’öÀ? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù É´yçúÕ.

ii) 'Having rested, we continued our Journey'.

°j sentence perfect participle èπ◊ äéπ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù. °j sen-tence E' After we had rested we continued our journey' í¬®√ßÁ·îª’a éπü∆! perfect participle á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’?°jÖü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

iii) éÀçC sentences Å-Fo O’®Ω’ îÁ°œp† 'six forms of verb'v°æ鬮Ωç correct í¬ØË ÖØ√o®·. OöÀ Å®√n©’, ÉN à tense ™ÖØ√oßÁ÷ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.

1. They could be going there.

2. They would be going there.

3. They should have been going.

4. They would have been going.

5. They can have done it.

6. They may have done it.

– áÆˇ. ñ«Ææ-Ø˛, äçíÓ©’

-ï-¢√-•’: i) would have + pp Å®Ωnç = í∫ûªç™ äéπ °æE ïJ-í∫’ç-úËüËé¬E ï®Ω-í∫-™‰ü¿’ ÅE.

a) Hari would have attended the meeting = £æ«J meeting èπ◊¢Á∞¡Ÿxç-úË-¢√-úË- é¬E ¢Á∞¡x-™‰ü¿’.

b) The police would have caught the thief (if they had seenhim)= §ÚM-Ææ’©’ üÌçí∫†’ °æô’d-éÓ-†’ç-úË-¢√∞¡Ÿx. (¢√∞¡ûªEoîª÷Ææ’çõ‰) – îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’, °æô’d-éÓ-™‰ü¿’.

ii) Having rested, we continued our journey- D†®Ωnç– Nv¨»çABÆæ’éÓ-´-ôçûÓ (Åçü¿’-´©x) ¢Ë’ç v°æߪ÷ùç é̆-≤ƒ-Tçî√ç – ÅE.Nv¨»çA BÆæ’èπ◊†o ûª®√yûª v°æߪ÷ùç é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-î√ç ņ-ö«-EéÀ, Afterhaving rested, we ... journey Åçõ‰ØË After we had rested,we continued our journey ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Having + pp éÀ,Åçü¿’-îËûª, Åçü¿’-´©x ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.a) Having seen it I believe it =

ÅC ؈’ îª÷Æœ-†ç-ü¿’-´©x (îª÷-úø-ôçûÓ) †´·t-ûª’-Ø√o†’.b) Having started it, he didn't like to stop it =

v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-*ç-ûª-®√yûª (Åçü¿’- ©x), Åûª--†C Ç°æ-ö«-E-éÀ-≠æd-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’.

iii) 1) They could be going there = ¢√∞¡x-éπ\-úÕéÀ -É°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞¡⁄hç-úø-´îª’a. v°æÆæ’hûªç ≤ƒüµ¿u-´’ßË’u N≠æߪ’ç (possibility in thepresent) †’ ûÁ©’°æ¤-ûª’çC. Present tense.

Even as we are planning to do it, they could be doingit = ´’†ç ÅC-°æ¤púø’ îËü∆lç ÅE ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†o-°æ¤púË ¢√∞¡xCîËÊÆ-Ææ÷hç-úø-´îª’a.

2) They would be going there = ¢√∞¡x-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’ (would be going = wish to be going) - Presenttense - é¬E ÉC ÅEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ÆæJ-é¬-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.

3) They should have been going = ¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢Á∞¡⁄hç--ú≈Lqç-C-°æ¤púø’,é¬E ¢Á∞¡x-èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√o®Ω’. Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd tense.

4) They would have been going = í∫ûªç™ ¢Á∞¡⁄hç-úË-¢√-∞Ïx- é¬E¢Á∞¡x-™‰ü¿’ – Past tense.

5) They can have done it - ¢√∞¡Ÿx îËߪ’-í∫-L-T-†-¢√∞Ïx – îËÆæ’ç-úÌ-a/-™‰ü¿’– DE use é¬Ææh ÅÆæp≠ædç. Tense - Present tense.

6) They may have done it - îËÆæ’ç-úÌa. îËߪ’-éπ-§Ú-ߪ·ç-úÌaèπÿú≈ – ÆæçüË£æ«ç. Tense - Present tense.

Ranjan: Dhanraj, why did you get yourshirts stitched? You could havebought ready - to - wear ones.

(áçü¿’èπ◊ F shirts èπ◊öÀdç-î√´¤?readymade shirts é̆’-éÓ\-†’ç-úÌ-aí¬)

ready - to - wear éÌûªh´÷ô ready made èπ◊Dhanraj: Ready - to - wear ones don't suit

our specifications. You've to buythem and get them altered again. Idon't have the patience. Even if weget the shop man to alter it, it does-n't suit us exactly.

(Ready made •ôd©’ Ø√ éÌ©-ûª-©èπ◊ÆæJ-§Ú´¤. ÅC éÌçõ‰ ´’Sx ´’†ç ü∆Eoshop ¢√úÕ-ûÓ ´÷Jpç--éÓ-¢√LqÖçô’çC. Åçûª ã°œéπ Ø√èπ◊ ™‰ü¿’.Shop ¢√úÕ-îËûª ´÷Jpç-*Ø√ Åü¿çûª°æ‹Jhí¬ suit Å´ü¿’)

specifications = 鬴-©-Æœ† N´-®√© v°æ鬮Ωç

Ranjan: Sometimes even our personaltailor can get the clothes spoilt.

(Ç... éÌ-Eo≤ƒ®Ω’x ´’† tailor èπÿú≈ ÆæJí¬èπ◊ôd-èπ◊çú≈ §ƒúø’-îË-ßÁ’a.)

Dhanraj: You can get your tailor to restitch

them again.

(´’† tailor îËûª ´’Sx èπ◊öÀdç--éÓ-´îª’a)

Ranjan: That's OK. But my preference is

always for ready made ones.

(Ø√èπ◊ ´÷vûªç ready made Åçõ‰-ØËÉ≠ædç.)

Dhanraj: OK. By the way, we have an

assignment to submit next week.

I think we can get Neeraj to help us

in the assignment. He is good at

these things.

(-Å-C ÆæÍ® é¬F ´’E-ü¿l®Ωç ´îËa-¢√®Ωçassignment °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ÷L éπü∆. DE™Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ F®Ω-ñ¸†’ °œ©’-ü∆l-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. ÅûªEéÀô’-´çöÀ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’¶«í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’.)

Ranjan: That's an idea. In case he isn't ableto help us let's get some otherclassmate to get interested in it.

(¶«í¬ØË ÖçC idea. äéπ-¢Ë∞¡ Åûª†’îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§ÚûË ÉçÈé-´-®ΩØ√o classmate †’ÇÆæéÀh §ÒçüËô’x îË-ü∆lç)

Dhanraj: Let's get some high schoolstudents to collect samples.

(samples ÊÆéπ-Jç-îª-ö«-EéÀ éÌçûª-´’çChigh school Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©†’ °ô’d-èπ◊çü∆ç)

Ranjan: My uncle is a teacher in a highschool nearby. I will get him to giveus a list of ten students.

(´÷ ´÷´’ߪ’u, ü¿í∫_ͮֆo high school™ teacher. Çߪ’† ü¿í∫_-®Ω-†’ç* ã °æC-´’çC ñ«Gû√ BÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç)

Dhanraj: Time we gotbusy workingon the proj-ect.

(Project °æEá°æ¤púÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-ç-ú≈-LqçC)

Ranjan: We shall start preparing the ques-tionnaire this evening.

(Ñ ≤ƒßª’ç-vûª¢Ë’ ´’†ç v°æ¨»o-´R °æ‹Jh-îËü∆lç.)

Questionnaire = Èéy¨¡a-ØË-Å = Ææ´÷-î√®ΩÊÆéπ-®Ω-ùèπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îËÊÆ v°æ¨¡o© ñ«Gû√

Dhanraj: OK. Let's meet at 4 in the evening.

Ranjan: Bye.

äéπ-J-îËûª ã °æE îË®·ç--éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ make, have ᙫ¢√úø-û√¢Á÷ éÀçü¿öÀ lessons ™ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. Å™«ÍíÅüË ¶µ«´ç ®√ -ö«-EéÀ, get èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a.

1) He had his bike repaired = Åûª†’ bikerepair îË®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’ = He got his bikerepaired.

2) She had her dresses ironed = Ç¢Á’ ûª†•ôd©’ ÉÆ‘Y îË®·ç--èπ◊çC = She got herdresses ironed.

3) She had herself treated by Dr.Vaid =Dr.Vaid îËûª Ç¢Á’ ¢Ájü¿uç îË®·ç--èπ◊çC = Shegot herself treated by Dr.Vaid.

Å™« îË®·ç--éÓ- ôç ÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ have ¢√úø-í∫-L-T† îÓô™«x get ¢√úø-´îª’a.´’†ç éÀç-ü¿-öÀ lesson ™ have èπ◊ -Ö†o ÉçéÓ¢√úøéπç èπÿú≈ îª÷¨»ç, -Ñ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù--™«x...1. She has even her elders doing all kinds of

jobs for her = °ü¿l-¢√∞¡x îËûª -èπÿú≈ Ç¢Á’ -Å-Eo®Ωé¬-© °æ†’©’ îË®·ç--èπ◊ç-ô’çC.

2. The teacher had her pupils know that theycannot go until they finish the work = °æE-°æ‹-®ΩhßË’u´®Ωèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ O™‰x-ü¿E °œ©x-©èπ◊ -Å®Ωnç -Å-ßË’u-ô’x îËÆœçC teacher.

É™«çöÀîÓôx èπÿú≈ have èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ get ¢√úø-´-a.Å®·ûË get ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ sentence structureéÌClí¬ ´÷®Ω’-ûª’çC.

She has even her elders doing all kinds ofjobs. She gets even her elders to do all kindsof jobs for her.

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ:... has even her elders doing = gets even herelders to do all kinds of ...

Sentence ™ èπÿú≈ had èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ got ¢√úø-´îª’a.é¬E É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x have ¢√úøéπç áèπ◊\´.

She had her pupils know ... = She got her

pupils to know.

É°æ¤p-úÕC îª÷úøçúÕ:

My building is vacant. I want to get some

bank to take it on long lease = Ø√ ¶µº´†çë«Sí¬ ÖçC. D®Ω`-é¬--Léπ ÅüÁlèπ◊ àüÁjØ√ bank BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËô’x îËߪ÷-©E ÖçC.

Ééπ\úø get èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ have ¢√úø-´îª’a.

I want to have some bank take it on long

lease.

So, ´’†ç Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-LqçC:

Have someone to do something = Get some

one to do something = äéπJîËûª äéπ °æE-îË-®·ç-îªôç.

a) If you want to sell the car, it is easy to getsome one/ have someone to buy it.

If you want to sell the car, it is easy to havesome one buying it.

É™« -¢√-úø-´îª’a, get †’, have †’ ¢√úË Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x.Now look at the following sentences fromthe dialogue at the beginning of the lesson.

1) You have to get them altered again (= Youhave to have them altered again)

Sentence structure:

have/ get (something) + done (past partici-ple + by ... (Å´-Ææ®Ωç Öçõ‰)

2) Even if we get the shopman to alter it, itdoesn't suit us exactly = shop ÅûªE îËûª´÷®Ω’p îË®·ç--èπ◊Ø√o èπÿú≈, ´’†èπ◊ ÆæJí¬_ÆæJ-§Ú´¤.

3) Sometimes even our tailor can get ourclothes spoilt = ´’† tailor èπÿú≈ ÆæJí¬èπ◊ôd-™‰-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.(Ééπ\úø get •ü¿’©’ have ¢√úø- a)

4) We can get Neeraj to help us in theassignment = Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Neeraj îË≤ƒßª’ç îË®·ç--èπ◊çü∆ç.(Ééπ\úø get •ü¿’©’ have ¢√úÕ îª÷úøçúÕ)

5) We can get some other classmate to getinterested in it = ÉçÍé classmate †®·Ø√ÇÆæéÀh BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËô’x îËü∆lç.

6) Let us get some high school students tocollect samples = ¢√∞¡x-îËûª samples collectîË®·ü∆lç.

7) I will get him to give us a list of tenstudents = Çߪ’† ´’†éÓ °æC-´’çC Nü∆u-®Ω’n©ñ«Gû√ ÉîËaô’x îËü∆lç.

Ñ sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™, get •ü¿’©’ have¢√úø- a. Å™« practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-≤Ú-´’-¢√®Ωç 16 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

She got her dresses ironed-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 228-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

EXERCISE

Pran: *´-®Ωèπ◊ á´-J-îËûª Ç ´÷N’-úÕ-°æç-úø’x úµÕMxéÀpack îË®·ç-î√´¤?

Kiran: Ç wholesale éÌöxØË ã èπ◊v®√-úÕ-îËûª. ¢√úÕ-îË-ûªØË packing material- í∫ç°æ, í∫úÕf, °æ¤J-éÌÆæ, íÓØÁ-´·éπ\ ûÁ°œpç--èπ◊-Ø√o†’.

(í∫ç°æ = basket, í∫úÕf = straw, °æ¤J-éÌÆæ =country twine, íÓØÁ-´·éπ\ = gunnypiece)

Pran: á°æ¤púø’ book îË®·ç-î√´¤ O’ ņo-ߪ’uèπ◊?Kiran: E†o. Çߪ’† É©’x Ñ parcel office èπ◊ î√™«

ü¿÷®Ωç. á´-J-ØÁjØ√ °æç°œ ûÁ°œpç--éÓ-´’Ø√o.Pran: Å®·ûË F Ææ´’Ææu BJç-ü¿-†o-´÷ô.Kiran: --å-†’.

ANSWER

Pran: Finally who did you get to pack themangoes to Delhi?

Kiran: I got one of the boys in the whole-sale shop to pack it; I got him to gettoo, the packing material, the bas-ket, the straw, the country twine,and the piece of gunny.

Pran: When did you get it booked?

Kiran: Yesterday. His home is a long wayoff from the parcel office. I askedhim to get someone to get it for him.

Pran: So your problem is solved.

Kiran: Yes.

-v°æ-¨¡o: To be -á-™« -¢√-úø-û√®Ω’? As, like ™« (´™„,´÷C-Jí¬) Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçü∆?To be Åçõ‰ Å®ΩnçàN’öÀ?To be Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬Eo Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.That man appears to be a thief.

That man appears like a thief.

Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™x to be, like ©Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? It is said that he is honest.

He is said to be honest.

It is said that he was honest.

He is said to have been honest.

She is reputed to be a goodteacher.

That liar deserves to be thrashed.

I should like to be a doctor.

He dares to do what he thinks to be right.

How is its saltiness to be restored.

– á-Æˇ.í∫-ù‰-≠ˇ, Nï-ߪ’-†-í∫®Ωç.

-ï-¢√-•’:To be ÅØËC infinitive ´‚© ®Ω÷°æç. To be ¢√úøéπç¢√éπuç Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo•öÀd Öçô’çC. 'í¬— ÅØË Å®Ωnç´Ææ’hçC. He appears to be a thief= ÅûªØÓüÌçí∫í¬ éπE°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.He appears like a thief ÅØËsentence correct é¬ü¿’. appear ™ØË '™«— (´™„) -Å-†o Å®Ωnç ÖçC 鬕öÀd, He appears like a thieféπØ√o, He appears to be a thief correct. Å®·ûË,Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo•öÀd, It appears like that ÅEÅçô’çö«ç (Åü¿™« éπE°œ-≤ÚhçC ņo Å®ΩnçûÓ). To be Åçõ‰ Öçúøôç. Like Åçõ‰ ´™„/- ™«í¬.鬕öÀd É™«çöÀ ¢√é¬u--™x To be éÀ like èπ◊ Ææç•çüµ¿ç™‰ü¿’. äéπ-öÀ-鬴¤. To be Åçõ‰ Öçúøôç ÅEí¬F,'í¬— ÅEí¬-F Å®Ωnç.äéÓ\-≤ƒJ 'to be' •ü¿’©’ 'as' ®√´îª’a– 'í¬— -Å-ØËÅ®ΩnçûÓ. O’®Ω’ü¿£æ«-Jç-*† sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™ tobe éÀ ÅüË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. (Ñ sentences ™ it issaid ... èπ◊ Å®Ωnç– ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Åçö«-®Ω’/Åç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’ ÅE. eg: It is said that he is hon-est = Åûª†’ Eñ«--ߪ’-B°æ®Ω’-úøE Åçö«®Ω’. É™«çöÀîÓôxIt is said, people say éÀ passive voice).

ÉC í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. It is said that he is honest = He is said to behonest (is = to be)

It is said that he was honest = He is said tohave been honest (was = to have been - í∫ûªç– E-ñ«-ߪ’-B éπ©-¢√-úø’í¬ ÖçúË-¢√-úøE Åçö«®Ω’.)She is reputed to be a good teacher = ´’ç*teacher í¬ Ê°®Ω’çC. (É°æ¤púø’)That liar deserves to be thrashed = ... to bethrashed - passive (infinitive) = -Ç -Å-•-ü∆l¥-©éÓ®Ω’(éπv®ΩûÓ) éÌôd-•-ú≈-LqçüË. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ÇÅ-•--ü∆l¥-©éÓ®Ω’èπ◊ üÁ•s©’ °æú≈-LqçüË. (deserve -Å®Ω|-ûªí∫-© – íı®Ω-¢√-E-Èéj-Ø√/ -P-éπ~-ÈéjØ√)I should like to be a doctor = ؈’ doctor í¬Öç-úøö«-E-éÀ-≠æd°æ---úø-û√-†’.What he thinks to be right = Åûª-†’- ÆæJ ņ’-èπ◊ØËCí¬ àü¿’çüÓ (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ = Åûª-†’ ÆæÈ®j-†-C -Å-†’-èπ◊ØËC) to be one of the best = v¨Ï≠æe-¢Á’i†¢√öÀ™ äéπ-öÀ-í¬/- ä-éπ-úø’í¬to be restored = °æ¤†-®Ω’--ü¿l¥-Jç-°æ-•-úøôç (passive)

Sharat: Srinath has got a sleek new bike.

Have you seen it?

(XØ√ü∑˛ ´’ç* éÌûªh bike ûÁa-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.†’´¤y îª÷¨»¢√?)

(sleek= †’†oí¬ ¢Á’®Ω’-Ææ’h†o. ´·êuçí¬ cars

èπÿ, bikes èπÿ, ´’†’-≠æfl© Vûª’hèπÿ– †’†oí¬ Eí∫-E-í∫-™«úø’ûª’ ¢Á’®Ω’Ææ÷h Öçõ‰– ¢√úø-û√®Ω’)

Prabhat: Hasn't he got one already? (Do)

You mean he has got two bikes

now?

(¢√úÕéÀ É°æpöÀÍé äéπ-ô’çC éπü∆? Åçõ‰†’´y-†ôç ¢√úÕéÀ È®çúø’ bikes

ÖØ√o-ߪ’Ø√?)

Sharat: Use your brains, Prabhat. He had

sold off the old one, and bought this

one a few days ago.

(é¬Ææh Ç™-*ç. §ƒûª-ü∆Eo Ţ˒tÆœ,DEo éÌEo-®Ó-V© éÀçü¿ô éÌØ√oúø’)

Prabhat: You have got a bike and he has got

a bike. Unfortunately I haven't got

one.

(Fèπÿ bike ÖçC. ¢√úÕéà bike ÖçC.ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠æd- - »ûª’h, bike ™‰EC Ø√Íé.)

Sharat: Your dad has got enough money to

buy you one. In fact, your dad and

you have more money and more

property than I or Srinath.

(Fèπ◊ bike é̆-í∫-L-T-†çûª úø•’sçC O’Ø√†oèπ◊. ÅÆæ©’ Ø√éπçõ‰, XØ√ü∑˛ éπçõ‰èπÿú≈ Fèπÿ, O’ Ø√†oèπÿ áèπ◊\´úø•’sçC.)

Prabhat: It's not the question of who has got

more money than who. It's a ques-

tion of how one spends it.

(Ééπ\úø v°æ¨¡o á´-J-éπçõ‰ á´-JéÀúø¶„s-èπ◊\´ Öçü¿E é¬ü¿’. ᙫ ê®Ω’a°úø-û√-®Ω-ØËüË v°æ¨¡o.)

Sharat: I just want to know. Why doesn't

your dad buy you a bike?

(ÅÆæ©’ O’ Ø√†o Fèπ◊ bike áçü¿’-èπ◊éÌ-†-úÓ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’çC.)

Prabhat: Just for fear of accidents. He is

convinced that a bike is not a safe

thing on the road.

(Accidents ¶µºßª’ç-´©x. Bike ÅØËCroad O’ü¿ Åçûª Íé~´’-éπ®Ωç é¬ü¿E Çߪ’††´’téπç.)

He is convinced= Çߪ’† í∫öÀdí¬ †´·t-û√úø’.

Sharat: So how does he want you to go

about?

(´’J †’¢Áy™« A®Ω-í¬-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-ú≈-ߪ’†?)

Prabhat: He has got the opinion that the city

bus is the safest means of trans-

port.

(City bus ÅEoöx Öûªh- ’-¢Á’iç-ü¿E Çߪ’†ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç.)

Sharat: We have got bikes. Are we any the

less safe than you?

(´÷èπ◊ bikes ÖØ√o®·. Íé~´’ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ¢Ë’¢Ë’- ’†o FéπØ√o ûªèπ◊\´í¬ÖØ√o´÷?)

Prabhat: Well, that's the opinion he has got.

He doesn't want to have moments

of anxiety when I am out on the

bike.

(ÆæÍ® ÅC Çߪ’-†-èπ◊†o ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç. ؈’bike O’ü¿ •ßª’-ô-A-J-Íí-ô-°æ¤púø’ ÇçüÓ-∞¡†°æúø-èπ◊çú≈ Öçú≈©ØËC Çߪ’† éÓJéπ.)

Anxiety= ÇçüÓ-∞¡†

Sharat: Have a car, then. That is safer than

a bike.

(Å®·ûË car é̆’éÓ\. ÅC bike éπØ√oÍé~´’-éπ®Ωç éπü∆.)

Prabhat: That's exactly what he is going to

do; it is not for my only use, though.

(ÅüË Çߪ’† ņ’-èπ◊-ØËC èπÿú≈. Å®·ûË°æ‹Jhí¬ Ø√ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬-EéÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’é¬ü¿-†’éÓ)

Sharat: How soon is it going to be?

(áçûª ûªy®Ω™ car FéÌ-Ææ’hçC? )

Prabhat: Quite soon.

(ûªy®Ω-™ØË)

Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ ´’†ç, éπLT Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ'have' Ö°æßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? Have èπ◊ ÖçúËÅ®√n-©-Eoç-öÀûÓ 'have got' ¢√úø-´îª’a. ´·êuçí¬British spoken English ™ have got ¢√úø’éπî√™« áèπ◊\´. í∫´’-Eç-î√-Lqç-üË-N’-ôçõ‰, have èπÿ,have got èπÿ Å®Ωnç™, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫ç™ ûËú≈™‰éπ-§Ú-´úøç.

a) I have those books (with me)=

Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω Ç °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©’-Ø√o®·=

I have got those books.

b) Have you any money that you can lend

me? =

Ø√èπ◊ Å°œp-´y-ö«-EéÀ F ü¿í∫_®Ω úø¶‰s-´’Ø√o Öçü∆?=

Have you got any money that you can lend

me?

c) Don't you have the manners to respect

elders? =

°ü¿l-©†’ íı®Ω-NçîË Æævûªp-´-®Ωh-ØÁjØ√ Fèπ◊ ™‰ü∆?=

Haven't you/ Haven't you got the manners

to respect elders?

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆– have ¢√úÕ-†-îÓ-ô™«x have got

¢√úø-´îª’a.

d) He hasn't enough money to buy a car=

é¬®Ω’ éÌØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ î√L-†çûª úø•’s ÅûªE ü¿í∫_®Ω ™‰ü¿’

He has not got enough money to buy a car.

e) Hasn't he better clothes than those?

= ¢√öÀ-éπØ√o ´’ç* •ôd©’ ™‰¢√ Åûª-EéÀ? =

Hasn't he got better clothes than those?

Have got/ has got/ had got, etc., have/ has/

had èπ◊ •ü¿’©’í¬ ¢√úø- a.

Now look at the following sentences fromthe conversation at the beginning of thelesson:

¢√ô-Eoç-öÀ™, have got/ has got •ü¿’©’ have/

has ¢√úÌa.

1. Hasn't he got one already? (Do) you mean

he has got two bikes now? = Hasn't he

(Doesn't he have) one already? (Do) you

mean that he has two bikes now? =

äéπ-ô’çC éπü∆ É°æp-öÀÍé Åûª-EéÀ Åçõ‰ F Å®Ωnç,Åûª†’ È®çúø’ bikes ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o-úøØ√?

2. You have got a bike and he has got a bike.

Unfortunately I haven't got one = You have

a bike and he has a bike. Unfortunately I

haven't one.

3. Your dad has got enough money to buy

you one = In fact, you and your dad have

got more money than I or Srinath (has

got)- Ééπ\úø have got/ has got Ö†o-îÓ-ô™«xhave/ has ¢√úø-´îª’a.

4. ... who has got more money than who? =

who has more money than who?

5. He has got the opinion = He has the

opinion.

6. We have got bikes = We have bikes

Éçü∆éπ îÁ°œp-†ô’x, British English ™ áèπ◊\´¢√úøû√®Ω’. have got/ has got/ had got, etc.

OöÀE not ûÓ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ´’J-éÌçûª choice

´Ææ’hçC.

a) ¢√úÕéÀ ûªT-†çûª úø•’s-™‰ü¿’ =

He hasn't (has not) enough money =

He doesn't have

enough money = He

hasn't got enough

money

b) F ü¿í∫_®Ω Ç °æ¤Ææh-鬩’™‰¢√? =

Haven't you those

books? =

Don't you have those books? =

Haven't you got those books?

c) Hasn't he a brother? =

Åûª-úÕéÀ ûÓ•’-ô’d´¤ ™‰ú≈?=

Doesn't he have a brother? =

Hasn't he got a brother?

Å®·ûË modern, present day English ™ Don't

have/ Doesn't have form áèπ◊\´ NE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.Å®·ûË Have you?/ has he? form é¬Ææh brief í¬,simple í¬ Öçô’çC.

a) Don't you have any work now? =

FéÀ-°æ¤púËç °æE-™‰ü∆?=

Haven't you any work now?/

Haven't you got any work now?

b) Doesn't he have a car? =

Åûª-úÕéÀ car ™‰ü∆? =

Hasn't he a car?/

Hasn't he got a car now?

Not ûÓ èπÿúÕ† questions ™ Don't ... have/

doesn't ... have, didn't ... have ÅØË expres-

sions áèπ◊\´í¬ NE-°œ-≤ƒh®·, ´·êuçí¬ spoken

form ™. Åûª-EéÀ í∫ûªç™ é¬®Ω’ ™‰ü∆? ÅØË v°æ¨¡oèπ◊,English ™ Hadn't he a car? ÅØË v°æ¨¡o éπØ√o,Didn't he have a car ÅØËüË áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø’-éπ™ÖçC. Hadn't he a car? î√™« Å®Ω’ü¿’.

鬕öÀd ´’†ç Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊†o N≠æߪ’ç:

éπLT Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ–

1) Have = have got; has = has got; had = had

got, etc.

Not ûÓ ´·êuçí¬ question ™ Don't have/

doesn't have/ Didn't have ... ¢√úø’éπáèπ◊\´,Haven't you?/ Hasn't he/ she?/ Hadn't

...? éπØ√o. Don't ... have?/ Doesn't ... have?/

Didn't ... have ..? ÅØËC áèπ◊\´í¬ American

English ™ NE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.

Amar: I have got to attend to some work at

home. Let me go.

(ÉçöÀ ü¿í∫_®Ω °æØÌ-éπöÀ îËߪ÷L ؈’. ††’o ¢Á∞¡xF.)

Kumar: What have you got to do now?

(FN-°æ¤púËç îËߪ÷L?)

Amar: I have got to get the carpenter to

repair our dining table and fix one of

the window glasses.

(´÷ dining table repair îËߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ, éÀöÀéÃglass GTçîª-ú≈-EéÀ ´vúøç-TE ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L)

Kumar: I have got to go home too.

(؈÷ ÉçöÀ-Èé-∞«xL)

Amar: My dad has got to invite my recently

married sister and brother-in-law to

the Deepavali festival. That's why he

is getting the house done up.

(D§ƒ-´-RéÀ Ñ ´’üµ¿uØË Â°∞Îkx† ´÷ sister

†’, ¶«´†÷ Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√L ´÷ Ø√†o.Åçü¿’-éπØË É∞¡xçû√ Æœü¿l¥ç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’)

Kumar: You were telling me your brother-in-

law had got to attend some training

programme and wouldn't be able to

make it to the Deepavali.

(†’´yçô’Ø√o´¤ í∫ü∆, O’ ¶« -í¬-Í®üÓtraining programme èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x-©F,D§ƒ-´RéÀ ®√™‰-®ΩE?)

Amar: But he is coming. The training pro-

gramme has been cancelled.

(Çߪ’-ØÌ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. Training programme

cancel Å®·çC)

´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’: Have to/ has to + 1st Regular

doing word (Have to do, has to do, has to

work, etc) Åçõ‰ ã Çïcèπ◊ ™•úÓ, Å´-Ææ-®√-EéÓ,NCµ-í¬ØÓ ´’†ç îËߪ÷-Lq† N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ îÁ§ƒh-ߪ’E.

a) I have to go now =

ØËE-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«xL.

b) He has to pay Rs.5000/- =

Åûª†’ 5000 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ îÁLxç-î√L.

c) She had to join duty that day itself =

Ç®Óñ‰ Ç¢Á’ duty ™ îË®√Lq ´*açC.

É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx èπÿú≈, Åçõ‰ have to + 1st Regular

doing word/ has to + 1st Regular doing word/

had to + 1st Regular doing word ¢√úË îÓôx™èπÿú≈, Have got/ has got/ had got + 1 Regular

doing word ¢√úø- a. °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ have got/

has got Å™«Íí ¢√ú≈ç îª÷úøçúÕ.

Exercise: °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ have got/ has got èπ◊•ü¿’©’, have/ has ¢√úÕ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-¨¡Ÿ-véπ-¢√®Ωç 20 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Haven't you those books? -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 229-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

Ramnath: Have you got to go now? I was

hopeful You'd stay for at least a

day more?

(†’´¤y ¢Á∞«x-Lqç-üËØ√? ÉçéÓ ®Ó-ñ„jØ√Öçö«´E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o)

Premnath: I'm sorry I've got to go.

Too many things to attend to, at

home.

(≤ƒ-K. ØË¢Á-∞«xL ûª°æpü¿’. Éçöxîª÷Ææ’éÓ¢√-Lq† °æ†’©’ î√™«ØËÖØ√o®·) ÉC í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.

a) attend = £æ…ï-®Ω-´úøç

– class, function, meeting ™«çöÀN.

He attended class yesterday

b) attend to: ã °æE/ ¶«üµ¿uûª îª÷Ææ’éÓ-´ôç.

Dad is busy attending to the repairs of the

house =

(ÉçöÀ -JÊ°®Ω’ °æ†’©ûÓ Ø√†o BJ-éπ-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ÖØ√oúø’.)

She is attending to the arrangements for

the meeting =

(O’öÀç-í˚èπ◊ 鬢√-Lq† à®√p-ôxFo Ç¢Á’ îª÷≤ÚhçC.)

c) attend on = ®Óí∫’-©-èπ◊/- Å-A--ü∑¿’-©èπ◊ Ææ°æ-®Ωu©’îËߪ’ôç.

When I was ill, my elder sister attend on

me =

(Ø√èπ◊ Ç®Óí∫uç ¶«í¬-™‰-†-°æ¤púø’ ´÷Åéπ\ Ææ°æ-®Ωu©’îËÆœçC)

If you go away now, who will attend on the

guests.

(†’¢Áy-Rx-§ÚûË ÅAü∑¿’©†’ á´®Ω’ îª÷Ææ’èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’?)(ÅA-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊ Ææ°æ®Ωu©’ á´®Ω’ îË≤ƒh®Ω’?)

Ramnath: Aren't there anyone else to take

care of them?

(Ç °æ-†’-©’ îª÷Ææ’èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Éçéπá´®Ω÷ ™‰®√?)

Premnath: If there were, I needn't be both-

ered at all.

(á -®ΩØ√o Öçõ‰, Éçûª-¶«üµ¿ °æú≈-Lq†Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆!)

Ramnath: Have you got to start so early?

(Éçûª °çü¿-™«úË •ßª’-™‰l-®√™«?)

Premnath: No. I needn't (need not), but I

have got to leave at least by the

12 noon train. Have you got any-

thing I can carry to your sister.

(™‰ü¿’. é¬F éπFÆæç ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç 12í∫çô© -võ„®·-Ø˛ éπØ√o- ¢Á∞«xL. O’ÆœÆæd®˝èπ◊ F´¤ à¢Á’iØ√ ÉÊÆh BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡û√.)

Ramnath: No, you need not. I called her

yesterday and spoke to her.

(Å -Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. E†oØË -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îË »)

Premnath: Has she got to stay there for

long?

(Åéπ\úø Ç¢Á’ î√-™«-®Ó-V-©’ç-ú≈™«?)

Ramnath: No, she hasn't got to. She can

leave there at the end of this

week.

(Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’. Ñ ¢√®√ç-û√-EéÀ Åéπ\úÕ†’ç* ´îËa-ߪ’-´îª’a.)

Premnath: Has she got to take anything like

a test at the end of the fortnight

long training?

(Ç¢Á’ Ñ °æéπ~ç/ 15 ®ÓV© Péπ~ùûª®√yûª °æK-éπ~-™«ç-öÀ-üË-´’Ø√o ®√ߪ÷™«?)

Ramnath: No, she doesn't have to.

(Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’)

Premnath: Had she to attend the same kind

of training programme last year .

(éÀç-ü¿-öÀ àú≈C èπÿú≈ ûª†’ É™«çöÀPéπ~-ùèπ◊ ¢ÁRxçü∆?)

Ramnath: No, she didn't have to, as she

hadn't had two years of service

by then.

Premnath: When has she got to attend the

same kind of programme next?

(´’Sx É™«çöÀ -v§Ò-ví¬-¢’èπ◊ á°æ¤púø’¢Á∞«xL)

Ramnath: She needn't for another two

years.

(ÉçéÓ È®çúË-∞¡x-§ƒô’ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’)

Premnath: Has she to pay for her travel and

other expenses?

(v°æߪ÷ù, Éûª®Ω ê®Ω’a©÷ Ǣ˒ °ô’d-éÓ-¢√™«?)

Ramnath: No, she needn't. The company

bears all the expenses. OK. How

about having something to eat

before you leave?

(Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’. ÆæçÊÆn Ç´uߪ÷Eo¶µº--JÆæ’hçC.¢Á∞Ïx ·çü¿’à´’Ø√o Açö«¢√?)

Premnath: I've got to, because the

food on the train doesn't

suit me.

(àüÓ -äéπ-öÀ AØ√L. È®j™xǣ慮Ωç Ø√èπ◊- °æ-úøü¿’.)

[ [ [

í∫ûª lesson™ ´’†ç have/ has/ had, etc èπÿhave got/ has got/ had got etc èπÿ Ö†oÆæç•çüµ¿ç í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆. ´’†ç´·êuçí¬ È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.

a) éπ-L-TÖçúøúøç (possess/ own) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓhave, has, had etc èπÿ have got, has got,

had got, etc èπÿ ûËú≈-™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË British

spoken form™ have/ has/ had got form

áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ÖçC.

i) He has a car = He has got a car.

ii) I have some money =

I have got some money.

iii) He had a big house =

He had got a big house.

(Å®·ûË í∫ûªç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ´÷vûªç, He had got

a lot of property ņúøç éπçõ‰ He had a lot of

property ÅE áèπ◊\-´í¬ Åçö«®Ω’. (British

usage™ èπÿú≈)

´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç: Have got form- future ™®√ü¿’.

îª÷úøçúÕ.

He will have a lot of money soon.

(ûªy®Ω™ Åûª--úÕéÀ î√™« úø•’s ´Ææ’hç-C/- Å-ûª-úÕü¿í∫_®Ω î√™« úø•’s Öçô’çC.)

Ééπ\úø will have èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ will have got

¢√-úÕ-ûË ûªy®Ω™- Åûª-úø’ î√™« úø•’s §ÒçCÖçö«úø’ ÅØË N°æ-Kû√®Ωl¥ç ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆. Åçü¿’-éπEfuture †’ v°æ≤ƒh-Nç-îË-ô-°æ¤púø’, have èπ◊ •ü¿’©’have got ®√ü¿’. (British usage™ èπÿú≈)

b) have to/ has to/ had to + 1st Regular

Doing Word (have to go, has to stay,

had to work)

- ÉN äéπJ Çñ«c-†’≤ƒ®Ω¢Á÷, Å -Ææ-®√-EéÓ, NCµ-í¬ØÓ´’†ç îËߪ÷-Lq† N≠æߪ÷©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·.

É™«çöÀ îÓôx èπÿú≈ have to/ has to/ had to +

1st regular doing word èπ◊ •ü¿’-©’í¬, ÅüËÅ®Ωnç™ have got to/ has got to/ had got to

+1st regular doing word (have got to pay =

îÁLxç-î√L = has got to pay. Had got to pay

= îÁLxç-î√Lq ´*açC. [past]) Å®·ûË had got

to + 1st RDW (Regular Doing Word) Åçûªcommon é¬ü¿’.

ÉO ´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ lesson™ îª÷Æœ--† N≠æ-ߪ÷©’.

I. have/ has/ had, etc; éπ-L-T-Öç-úøúøçÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, ü∆EéÀopposite îª÷ü∆lç.

a) I have (= have got) a cell =

(Ø√èπ◊ ÂÆ-™ -§∂Ú-Ø˛ ÖçC.)

I haven't a cell/ I haven't got a cell/

I don't have a cell

(= Ø√èπ◊ ÂÆ-™¸- ™‰ü¿’).

I have no cell, ņúøç, spoken form

™ î√™« Å®Ω’ü¿’.

b) He has a lot of property =

He has got a lot of property

(-Å--ûª-úÕéÀ î√™« ÇÆœh ÖçC.)

He hasn't any property/ He doesn't have any

property =

(Åûª--úÕÍéç ÇÆœh ™‰ü¿’.)

He has no property ÅE Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ Åçö«ç.

C) She had a good score -

Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ´’ç* -≤Ú\®˝ ´*açC.

She had got a good score.

She hadn't a good score =

She didn't have a good score.

II. äéπJ Çñ«c-†’-≤ƒ®Ωç ™‰ü∆ Å´-Ææ®Ωç´-©x- ™‰ü∆NCµí¬ØÓ ´’†ç àüÁjØ√ îËߪ÷-Lq- ÊÆh Å°æ¤púø’èπÿú≈ have to/ has to/ had to + 1st Regular

Doing Word ¢√úøû√ç.

a) I have to go now - (ØËE-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«xL) =

I have got go now.

b) The students have to take the exam.

(Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ °æK-éπ~©’ ®√ߪ÷-LqçüË)

The students have got to take the exams.

c) Suman had to submit the exercise yester-

day

( Ææ’-´’-Ø˛ -E-†o -áéπq®˝ÂÆj-ñ¸ submit îËߪ÷Lq´*açC)

Suman had got to submit the exercise yes-

terday.(Had got to + 1st. RDW é¬Ææh Å®Ω’ü¿’.)

äéπ °æE îËߪ÷L ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´uA-Í®éπç, Ç °æEîËߪ’-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. ÅE éπü∆? Åçõ‰ English ™áèπ◊\-´í¬ need not = need n't ´Ææ’hçC. ™‰ü¿çõ‰don't have to/ doesn't have to/ didn't have

to + 1st. RDW ¢√úø-´îª’a.

Look at the following sentences at the

beginning of the lesson.

Ramnath: Have you got to start so early?

(= Have you to start so early?)

Premnath: No, I needn't (I need not)

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆! Ééπ\úø have to + 1st RDW (•ßª’-™‰l®√¢√?) ÅØË-ü∆-EéÀ ´uA-Í®-鬮ΩnçûÓ needn't (need

not) ´≤ÚhçC.

b) Premnath: Have you got any thing I can

carry to your sister?

Ramnath: No, you need not

Have to/ has to/ had to +1st Regular Doing

Word èπ◊ Opposite need not ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈,don't have to/ don't need to, doesn't have to/

/doesn't need to, didn't have to/didn't need to

+ 1st Regular Doing Word èπÿú≈ ´≤ƒh®·.

a) I have (got) to do it at once

I need n't/ I don't have to/ I don't need to do

it at once.

b) Kusuma has (got) to send it today.

Kusuma needn't/ doesn't have to/doesn't

need to send it today.

c) Pramila had (got) to go yesterday.

Pramila needn't go/didn't have to go/ did-

n't need to go yesterday.

EXERCISE

Lesson v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç™ Conversation ™E have

(got) to/ has (got)to/ had (got) to expres-

sions èπ◊ ÅEo ®Ω鬩 Opposites practice

îËߪ’çúÕ.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 24 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

I haven't got a cell-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 230-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

-v°æ-¨¡o: -Ø√èπ◊ -•Ææ’q -v°æ-ߪ÷-ùç °æ-úø-ü¿’.

--´÷èπ◊ -ØÁ-©èπ◊ -Å®Ω-¢Áj -ߪ‚-E-ô’x éπÈ®ç-ô’é¬-©’-ûª’ç-C.

°j È®ç-úø’ -¢√é¬u-©-†’ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ -™ -á-™« -îÁ-•’-û√®Ω’? – Ê≠é˙ >™«E, é¬éÀ-Ø√úø

-ï-¢√-•’: Regular Bus

journey doesn't

agree with me .

We consume about sixty

units of current (or)

60 units of current is our

monthly consumption.

Chandana: Hi Vandana, you appear to haveall leisure in the world. I expect-ed to see you busy preparing forthe contest tomorrow? Haven'tyou got to prepare for the debatetomorrow?

(àçöÀ, î√™« Nv¨»ç-Aí¬ Ö†oô’x éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤? Í®°æöÀ §ÚöÃéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤ûª÷BJé𠙉èπ◊çú≈ Öçö«-´E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o.Í®°æ¤ F´¤ úÕ¶‰-ö¸èπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω-¢√yL éπü∆?

All the leisure/ all the time in the world =î√™« BJéπ/ Æ洒ߪ’ç Öçúøôç.They have all the time in the world to gofor a second run =

È®çúÓ °æ®Ω’í∫’ BÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ 鬴-©-Æœ-†çûªÆ洒ߪ’ç ÖçC.Debate = úÕ¶„-ß’ö¸ (¶„ß’ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç)

Vandana: I've had enough of it. I'm bored.I'm prepared well enough, I sup-pose. What about you?

(î√©’ ¶«•÷. NÆæ’-Íí-Ææ’hçC. ¶«í¬ØËûªßª÷-®Ω-ߪ÷u-†E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. FÆæçí∫-ûË-N’öÀ?)

I've had enough = Ééπ î√©’. ´’†èπ◊ î√©’,Ééπ Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’ ÅE-°œç-*-†-°æ¤púø’, I've hadenough Åçö«ç é¬Ææh NÆæ’-í∫’ûÓ.

Chandana: I haven't got to, either. Theyshouldn't have given the topic somuch in advance.

(؈’ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-鬆éπ\Í®xü¿’. ¢√∞¡Ÿx√a稡ç Åçûª ´·çü¿’í¬ Éaç-ú≈-LqçC é¬ü¿’.)

Vandana: Yea. They shouldn't have. Theydon't seem to have got muchexperience of conducting debatecontests.

(Å´¤†’. Åçûª ´·çü¿’ v°æéπ-öÀç*Öçú≈-LqçC é¬ü¿’. ´éπh %ûªy §Úöé’(Debate contests) E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-ô癢√∞¡x-éπçûª ņ’-¶µº´ç Ö†oô’x ™‰ü¿’.)

Chandana: Haven't they got to consult peo-ple who know? So what's the bigidea in announcing the topic soearly?

(ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√-∞¡x†’ Ææçv°æ-Cç-î√L ´’J.Åçûª ´·çü¿-Ææ’hí¬ topic v°æéπ-öÀç-îª-ôç™ ¢√∞¡x ÖüËl¨¡ç àN’öÀ?)

Vandana: Participants will mug up theirspeech at the contest.

(§ƒ™Ô_-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢√∞¡x Ö°æ-Ø√u-≤ƒLo•öÃd°æõ‰d≤ƒh®Ω’.)

mug up= •öÃd °æõ‰d-ߪ’ôç.mug èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆, handle ÖçúËí¬xÆæ’©’. Mug Åçõ‰ ´‚úÓ Å®Ωnç, ØÓöxí∫’úøf©’ èπ◊éπ\úøç.

Chandana: They have got plenty of time toget the help of others too.

(Éûª-®Ω’© Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç §ÒçüËç-ü¿’èπ◊ èπÿú≈¶«í¬ Æ洒ߪ’ç Öçô’çC)

Vandana: Haven't we got to attend the spe-cial class this afternoon?

(É¢√y∞¡ ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç ´’†ç ÂÆp≠晸é¬xÆæ’èπ◊ ¢Á∞«xL éπü∆?)

Chandana: I have got to, but you needn't.You have got an 'A' grade, soyou don't have to.

(؈’ ¢Á∞«xL, †’´y-éπ\-Í®xü¿’. Fèπ◊ Agrade ´*açC. Åçü¿’-éπE †’´¤y ®√†-´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’)

Vandana: Thank God. Thank you for thenews.

(£æ«´’t, •A-éÀ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’.)Chandana: You're welcome.

´’†ç 'have (has)' í∫’Jç* ÉC- -®Ω-éπöÀ lessons ™î√™« N≠æ-ߪ÷™‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç í∫ü∆. Have (has)èπ◊ spoken English ™ î√™« v§ƒ´·-êu-´·çC.î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ÅEo ¢√úø-鬩÷ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰, conversation ™ 30% î√™« easy Å®·-§Ú-ûª’çC. Åçü¿’-éπE ¶«í¬ practice îËߪ’ôç Å´-Ææ®Ωç.Have (has) í∫’Jç* ´’†-éÀ-°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ†N≠æ-ߪ÷©’:1) I, we, you and they ûÓ 'have' ¢√úøû√ç. He,

she and it ûÓ Å®·ûË has ¢√úøû√ç.2) have/ has èπ◊ Å®Ωnç– éπLT Öçúøôç. ´÷´‚©’

ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®·ûË äéπ-JéÀ àü¿-®·Ø√ (´Ææ’h´¤,í∫’ùç, ¢ÁjêJ ™«çöÀN) Öçúøôç.

a) I have a car= Ø√èπ◊ car ÖçC. (´÷´‚©’ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ؈’ car éπLT ÖØ√o†’ ņç éπü∆)

b) She has beautiful dark hair=

Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Åçü¿-¢Á’i† †©xE èπ◊®Ω’-©’-Ø√o®·.É™« äéπ-JéÀ äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤/ í∫’ùç/ ¶µ«´ç etcÖçúøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ British English ™ have/has èπ◊ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ have got/ has got ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.a) My cousins have a lot of property=

My cousins have got a lot of property

b) Sumithra has an excellent voice=

Sumithra has got an excellent voice.

Ñ Å®Ωnç (éπLT Öçúø-ôç)ûÓ am having/ ishaving/ are having forms ¢√úøç, äéπ\ bathN≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ûª°æp.3) have/ has= (Ç£æ…®Ω °æü∆®Ωnç) BÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç =

A†ôç/ û√í∫ôça) They have coffee in the morning=

¢√∞¡Ÿx §Òü¿’l† coffee BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’ (û√í∫’-û√®Ω’)b) Sanjana has tea in the afternoon =

Ææçï† ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç tea BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’çC.(û√í∫’-ûª’çC)

Ñ Å®Ωnç (BÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç = A†úøç/ û√í∫-úøç)ûÓ am

having/ is having/ are having ¢√úøû√ç.

I am having tea now because coffee isn't

available =

coffee ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd tea û√í∫’-ûª’Ø√o. A†úøç/û√í∫úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ have got/ has got ®√ü¿’.

[have + past participle/ has + past participle

OöÀéÃ, °j† îÁ°œp† have/ has, have got/ has got

èπÿ à Ææç•ç-üµ¿ç-™‰ü¿’. have + past participle,

has + past participle - Ñ È®çúø÷ present per-

fect tense forms.

1) éÌçûª-鬩ç éÀçü¿-öÀ-†’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-T† °æE.

2) í∫ûªç™ Å®·-§Ú-®·† °æE – Time îÁ°æp-èπ◊çú≈Ö†o-°æ¤púø’,

3) just, just now ÅØË ´÷ô-©ûÓ ¢√úÕ, É°æ¤púË Å®·-§Ú-®·† °æ†’-©èπ◊, ¢√úøû√ç– í∫’®Ω’hç-C-éπü∆.]

4) have to + Ist Regular Doing Word/ has to

+ Ist Regular Doing Word (have to go,

have to work, has to do, has to come) OöÀEmust èπ◊ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ äéπ Çïc†’í¬F, Å´-Ææ-®√-Eo-í¬F NCµí¬ îËߪ÷-Lq† °æE-E-í¬F ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’ç-ü¿EéÀçü¿öÀ lessons ™ îª÷¨»ç. É™«çöÀ Å®ΩnçûÓhave to / has to + Ist Regular Doing Word

•ü¿’©’, ¢√öÀûÓ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ have got to + Ist

Regular Doing Word (RDW) / has got to +

Ist RDW ¢√úø-´îª’a.

a) I have to go now = ØËE-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«xL.I have got to go now.

b) Sujani has to sing at the party tomorrow =Í®°æöÀ party ™ Sujani §ƒú≈L= Sujani hasgot to sing at the party tomorrow.

Have to/ has to, have got to/ has got to ¢√úÕ-†-îÓôx ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ¢√öÀéÀ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ must/ shouldèπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´-îªaE Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÌØ√oç.ã Çïcèπ◊ ™•úÕ/ Å -Ææ-®√Eo •öÀd/ NCµí¬ ã °æE-îË-ߪ÷-Lq-Öçõ‰ °j forms ¢√úøû√ç éπü∆. DEéÀ oppo-site í¬, 'îËߪ’-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ needn't(need not)/ don't need to/ haven't got to/ has-n't got to/ don't have to/ doesn't have to¢√úøû√ç.1) I have to meet the minister (éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L)X I needn't meet the minister/ I don't need to

meet the minister/ I haven't got to meet theminister/ I don't have to meet the minister(éπ©-´-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’).

É´Fo èπÿú≈ ¢√úø’-éπ™Ö†o¢Ë. àüÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a.British English ™haven't got to/ has n'tgot to áèπ◊\´ N†-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC. Hadn't got to é¬ÆæhÅ®Ω’ü¿’. ü∆E-•-ü¿’©’ didn'tneed to/ didn't have to¢√úø-û√®Ω’.

(É°æp-öÀéÀ O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’. Have to/ has

to/ had to èπ◊ opposite í¬ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ haven't

to/ hasn't to/ hadn't to ®√ü¿’. I haven't to go/

she hasn't to come ņç.)

Let us look at the following sentences

from the conversation at the beginning of

the lesson.

1) Haven't you got to prepare for the debate

tomorrow?

Ééπ\úø negative question ™ have got¢√úøéπç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Ñ question ™, †’´¤yÍ®°æ¤ debate èπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω-¢√y-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü∆?ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√ú≈®Ω’.ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ mustn't (´’ÆˇØ˛d) èπÿú≈¢√úø-´îª’a. shouldn't èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.= Mustn't you prepare/ shouldn't you pre-pare for the debate? - ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅFo äéπõ‰.

2) I haven't got to (prepare for the debate) =(Debateèπ◊) prepare 鬆´Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’ = Ineedn't/ I don't need to/ I don't have to ÅEèπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a.

3) Haven't they got to consult people whoknow? =

ûÁL-Æœ† ¢√∞¡x†’ Ææçv°æ-Cç-î√L éπü∆? (Question™ èπÿú≈ have got Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-Ææ’hØ√oç, Ééπ\úø) =Don't they have to ņ-´îª’a.

4) Haven't we got to attend the special class?= Don't we have to attend ... ?

5) I have got to = I have to (I need to ÅE èπÿú≈ņ-´îª’a.)ÉO negative questions ™ have got to/don't have to/ haven't you to Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’.äéÓ\-≤ƒJ have to •ü¿’©’ need to èπÿú≈¢√úø-´îª’a.

a) ؈-éπ\úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«™« É°æ¤púø’? =Have I go to there now?/ Do I have to gothere now?/ Do I need to go there now?/Need I go there now?/ Must I/ should I gothere now?

b) ¢√Rx-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®√¢√-Lqç-üËØ√? = Have they tocome here?/ Do they have to come here?/Do they need to come here?/ Need theycome here?

É´Fo ´’† conversation ™ ûª®Ωîª÷ practiceîËÊÆh, ´’†ç daily life situation ™ Englishüµ∆®√∞¡çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫©ç.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 26 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

I've had enough -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 231-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

ANSWERTarun: Haven't you got to/ Don't you have to/ Don't you

need to/ Needn't you/ Mustn't you/ shouldn't yougo home now?

Varun: I needn't/ I don't need to/ I don't have to. Need I/should I/ must I accompany you for attestationof certificates?

Tarun: Don't you need to/ Don't you have to get yourcertificates attested too. (You need to have yourcertificates attested too)

Varun: Oh. I forgot. I need to/ I have to get my certifi-cates attested too (must/ should èπÿú≈ ¢√úøçúÕ)

Tarun: Haven't we to be/ don't we have to be/ Needn'twe be/ Don't we need to be/ mustn't we be/shouldn't we be at office by 10?

Varun: We needn't be / We don't need to be/ We don'thave to be/ We haven't got to be. (simple í¬ Notnecessary). It is enough if we are there by 11.

EXERCISE

Practise the followingaloud in English.

Tarun: †’Ny-°æ¤p-úÕç-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü∆?

Varun: Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’. FûÓ Øˆ’certificates attesta-tion èπ◊ ®√¢√™«?

Tarun: Fèπÿ Å´-Ææ-®Ω¢Ë’ éπü∆?Varun: Å´¤†’. ´’®Ω-îË-§Úߪ÷.

Ø√N èπÿú≈ attestîË®·ç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÖçC.

Tarun: ´’†ç office ™°æCçöÀéπ™«x Öçú≈Léπü∆?

Varun: Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. °æü¿-éÌç-úÕç-öÀéÀ ¢ÁRûË î√©’.

Loknath: Hi Somnath, how are things going

for you? How is your new job?

(£æ…ß’ ≤Ú-¢’-Ø√ü∑˛, °æJ-Æœn -ûª’-™„™«ÖØ√o®·? F éÌûªh ÖüÓuí∫ç ᙫÖçC?)

Somnath: Happy to say I'm getting on fine. The

job is good too. How about you?

(¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o-†E îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. ÖüÓuí∫ç èπÿú≈ ´’ç*üË. -FÆæçí∫-ûËç-öÀ?)

Loknath: Thank you. I'm fine too. Getting on

well. How are your relations with

your colleagues and boss?

(F Ææ£æ«Ù-üÓu-í∫’-©ûÓ, F boss ûÓ Ææç•ç-üµ∆-™„™« ÖØ√o®·?/ F Ææ£æ«Ù-üÓu-í∫’©’FûÓ á™« ÖØ√o®Ω’? F boss FûÓᙫ ÖØ√oúø’?)

Somnath: Too many colleagues and too

short a time for me to say any-

thing about them.

(õ„j¢’ ûªèπ◊\-¢√†÷, Ææ£æ«Ù-üÓu-í∫’-™„-èπ◊\-´-´ôç ´©x†÷, Ç N≠æߪ’ç í∫’Jç* ØËØËçîÁ°æp-™‰†’.)

Colleague - éπMí˚ – 'éπ— ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©’-èπ◊û√ç.Å®Ωnç, Ææ£æ«Ù-üÓuT. éÌç-ü¿®Ω’ ņ’-éÌ-ØË-ôô’x classmates é¬ü¿’.

Loknath: How is your boss towards you?

(F boss FûÓ á™« Öçö«úø’)

Somnath: We get on excellently. He is not at

all bossy.

(¢Ë’ç î√™« Ææûªqç-•ç-üµ∆-©ûÓ Öçö«ç.Åûª-†-Ææ©’ bossy í¬ (°j ÅCµ-é¬J†ØËü¿®ΩpçûÓ) Öçúøúø’.)

Loknath: How is your new home? How is

your co tenent towards you?

(F éÌAh©’x ᙫ ÖçC? O’ûÓ-§ƒô’ÅüÁl-èπ◊-†o-ûª†’ O’ûÓ á™« Öçö«úø’?)

Somnath: We get on. We aren't that

Chummy.

(àüÓ Å™« Öçö«ç. Åçûª ÊÆo£æ«¢Ë’癉ü¿’ ´÷èπ◊)

Chummy - N’ – üÓÆ‘hí¬ Öçúøôç – v§ƒù-ÊÆo£æ«ç.

Loknath: Why so? (áçü¿’-éπ™«?)

Somnath: The trouble with him is he doesn't

let me use my space.

(Ø√ Ææn™«Eo ††’o ¢√úø’-éÓ-E-´yúø’. ÅüË¢√úÕûÓ *èπ◊\.)

Loknath: I don't get at you. What do you

mean - he doesn't let you use your

space?

(Ø√éπ-®Ωnç-é¬-´-ôç-™‰ü¿’. F Ææn™«Eo E†’o¢√úø-E-´yúøØ√ Å®Ωnç?)

Somnath: He dries his clothes in my yard. I

fixed the clothes line and he

hangs his clothes on to it. That

obstructs me a lot.

(Ø√ ë«S Ææn©ç™ ؈’ ü¿çúÁç éπô’d-èπ◊çõ‰, Çߪ’† ûª† •ôd-™«-Í®-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’.Ø√éπC î√™« Åúøfçí¬ ÖçC.)

Clothes line = •ôd-™«-Í®ÊÆ ü¿çúÁç

Loknath: You could tell him not to do it.

(Å™« îÁßÁ·u-ü¿lE †’´y-ûª-úÕéÀ îÁ§Òp-aí¬)

Somnath: He has helped me some time ago.

So I am a little hesitant about

being frank with him.

(Ø√éπ-ûª†’ éÌçûª-鬩ç éÀçü¿ô Ææ£æ…ߪ’çî˨»úø’. Åçü¿’-éπE ´’†-Ææ’™ Ö†oCîÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ûªô-°æ-ö«-®·-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.)

hesitant = àü¿Ø√o îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ / îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀÜTÆæ-™«-úøôç / ûªô-°æ-ö«-®·ç-îªôç / °æ≤ƒh-®·ç-îªôç.

frank = ´’†-Ææ’™ Ö†oC èπ◊ç-úø-•-ü¿l©’éÌöÀd†ô’x îÁ°æpôç.

Loknath: So are you going to let him trouble

you?

(Å®·ûË Åûªúø’ Å™« Fèπ◊ Å≤˘éπ®ΩuçéπL-Tç-îËõ‰x îË≤ƒh¢√?)

Somnath: I am trying to

get the mes-

sage across

to him in

some other

way.

(àüÓ ÉçéÓ-N-üµ¿çí¬ ÇN≠æߪ’ç Åûª-EéÀ ûÁL-ÊÆ™« îËߪ÷-©Ev°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ’hØ√o.)

Loknath: Best of luck then. It is 10.15. I

must be getting along. See you.

(õ„j¢’ °æCç-¶«-´-®·çC. ØË¢Á-∞«xL. ´’Sxéπ©’ü∆lç.)

Somnath: OK. Bye.

Get Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç, have ûª®√yûª î√™« áèπ◊\¢Ë. -Dç-ûÓexpressions English ™ Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ωùç. Get ûÓ´îËa ´÷ô©’ ´’† Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ûª®Ω-îª’í¬¢√úø’ûª’çö«ç. Åçü¿’-éπE ¢√öÀE áçûª ¶«í¬ prac-

tice îËÊÆh Åçûª-´’ç-*C.

1. Get on - Ñ expression î√™« Å®√n-©ûÓ¢√úøû√ç. ´·êuçí¬ èπ◊¨¡© v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-†çí¬ áèπ◊\¢Ë ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç.

a) Kamal: Hi Vimal, how are you?

Vimal: OK. Just getting on. Thank you.

(àüÓ Å™« ïJ-T-§Ú-ûÓçC)

b) He is getting on well.

Åûª†’ ¶«í¬ØË/ èπ◊™«-≤ƒ-í¬ØË ÖØ√oúø’.

c) Prem: How are the newly married cou-

ple getting on?

(Ç éÌûªh ü¿ç°æ-ûª’©’ äéπ-JûÓ äéπ-È®™«ÖØ√o®Ω’?)

Syam: Quite well, happily. (¶«í¬ØËÖØ√o®Ω’)

(OR)

Syam: They unable to get on, unfortu-

nately. Some differences. (It)

appears they are headed for a

divorce.

(ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠æd-´-¨»ûª’h ¢√∞¡x Ææç•ç-üµ∆©’ Åçûª-¶«-í¬-™‰ ¤/ äéπ-J-éÌ-éπ-JéÀ §ÒÆæ-í∫-úøç-™‰ü¿’. à¢Ó N-¶µ‰-ü∆-©’-Ø√o®·. Nú≈-èπ◊©’ ûª°æp-†-ô’dçC.

Headed for = äéπ C¨¡í¬ ¢Á∞¡xôç.

The train is headed for New Delhi =

Ç train †÷uúµÕMx ¢Áj°∞¡ŸûÓçC.

d) If you want to be happy, you have to get

on with what you get =

†’´¤y ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Öçú≈-©çõ‰ ´*aç-ü∆çûÓûª%°œh-°æ-ú≈L.

2. Get along = ¢Á∞¡xôç.

a) I must get along. I have work to do.

؈’ ¢Á∞«xL. Ø√èπ◊ °æ†’çC.

b) He gets along finely =

Åûª-EéÀ ¶«í¬ØË ≤ƒT-§Ú-ûÓçC/ í∫úÕ-*-§Ú-ûÓçC.

3. Get at - Ñ ´÷ô î√™« common. äéπN≠æߪ’ç é¬F, äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œpçC é¬F Å®ΩnçîËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç.

a) I am unable to get at what he says =

¢√úø’ îÁ°œpçC ؈®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√o†’.

b) Kumar: I want to go immediately. Get

the money fast. I can't wait. (Do

you) get at me?

(؈’ ¢ÁçôØË ¢Á∞«xL. ûªy®Ωí¬ °ævö«.ØËØ√-í∫-™‰†’. Å®Ωn-´’-®·uçü∆?)

4. Get across = äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊Å®Ωn-´’-ßË’uô’x îÁ°æpôç.

a) Prasad: How is your new teacher?

(O’ éÌûªh öÃ˝ ᙫ ÖçC?)

Prakash: She is very good. She has a

knack of getting her ideas

across to the students.

(î√™« ´’ç* öÃ˝. Ææ÷dúÁçö¸q èπ◊ Å®Ωn-´’-ßË’uô’x îÁÊ°p éÀô’-èπ◊çC Ç¢Á’ ü¿í∫_®Ω.)

knack – Ø√é˙ – 'Ø√— nap ™ Ø√™«=éÀô’èπ◊/ °æü¿l¥A

b) A news paper ad is the best way to get

across your message-

F ÆæçüË-¨»Eo Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊ ã °ævAé¬v°æéπ-ô† ´’ç* ´÷®Ω_ç.

c) He is unable to get across to his ideas

to people =

v°æï-©èπ◊ ûª† ¶µ«¢√©’ ûÁLߪ’ îÁ°æp-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.

Look at the following sentences from the

conversation at the beginning of the

lesson:

1) a) Somnath: Happy to say I'm getting on

fine = (¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o-†E îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-Ææ’hØ√o./ Ø√èπ◊ ¶«í¬ØËí∫úÕ-*-§Ú-ûÓçC ÅE îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀÆæçûÓ-≠œ-Ææ’hØ√o.)

b) Somnath: We get on excellently= (¢Ë’çî√™« ¶«í¬ Öçö«ç äéπ-JûÓäéπ®Ωç/ ´÷ Ææç•ç-üµ∆©’ î√™«¶«í¬ ÖØ√o®·.)

c) Somnath: We get on= (àüÓ ïJT/ í∫úÕ-*-§Ú-ûª’çC)

2) a) Loknath: I don't get at you.= (F´¤îÁÊ°pC Ø√éπ-®Ωnç-é¬-´ôç ™‰ü¿’.)

3) Somnath: I am trying to get the message

across to him.

(Ø√ ¶µ«¢√Eo Åûª-úÕéÀ ûªy®Ω™Å®Ωn´’ßË’uô’x îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ v°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ’hØ√o.)

Get across Åçõ‰ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ÉçéÌéπJéÀÅ®Ωn´’ßË’uô’x îËߪ’ôç éπü∆. ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ put

across èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.

a) I put the idea across to him that he and

I go shares =

Åûª†÷, ؈’ ¶µ«í∫≤ƒy´·-©’í¬ Öçú≈-©E Åûª-úÕéÀ ؈’ îÁ§ƒp†’.

b) The teacher is good at putting things

across to her pupils =

Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ N≠æߪ’ç Å®Ωn-´’-ßË’uô’x îÁ°æpôçÇ¢Á’èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’.

5. Get through: °æK-éπ~™ pass Å´ôç

a) He got through the exam with very good

marks = ´’ç* ´÷®Ω’\-©ûÓ ÖBh-®Ω’g-úø-ߪ÷uúø’.

b) He got through with flying colours =î√™« íÌ°æpí¬ ÖBh-®Ω’g-úø-ߪ÷-uúø-ûª†’. (´’ç*´÷®Ω’\-©ûÓ.)

with flying colours = î√™« íÌ°æpí¬

ÉN get ûÓ ´îËa éÌEo expressions.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-¨¡-E-¢√®Ωç 28 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

No regrets, just getting on-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 232-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN

EXERCISE

Vamsi: ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤, ¢Áçéπö¸?

Venkat: *çûª-™‰ç-™‰´¤. àüÓ Å™« ïJ-T-§Ú-ûÓçC.

Vamsi: àüÓ °æKéπ~ ®√¨»´¤. §ƒÆˇ Åߪ÷u¢√?

Venkat: î√™« íÌ°æpvÍíú˛ûÓ §ƒÆˇ ûÓ Åߪ÷u-†E îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-Ææ’hØ√o.

Vamsi: †’¢Ëy- ’Ø√o ¢√Ææ’†’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¶-ûª’-Ø√o¢√?

Venkat: ™‰ü¿’. ÅûªúÕéà Ø√èπÿ °æúøü¿’. Åûª-úøçõ‰Ø√Íéçü¿’®Ω-Gµ-v§ƒßª’ç ™‰ü¿E áçûª-Å®Ωnç ÅßË’uô’xîÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ v°æߪ’-Aoç-*Ø√ Åûª-úÕ-éπ®Ωnç鬴-õ‰xü¿’.

Vamsi: ؈-ûª-EéÀ îÁ§ƒh†’.

Venkat: Wish you good luck.

ANSWER

Vamsi: How are you, Venkat?

Venkat: No regrets, just getting on.

Vamsi: You took some exam. Did you get

through?

Venkat: I got through with flying colours.

Vamsi: Are you going to meet Vasu?

Venkat: No. We don't get on. However much

I try to get across to him that I am not

prejudiced he doesn't understand.

Vamsi: I'll explain to him

Venkat: Good luck to you.

Anand: Hi Achyut, since when did you start

practising boxing?

(£æ…-ß’ -Å-u-û˝. ¶«éÀqçí˚ v§ƒéÃdÆˇ îËߪ’ôçá°æpöÀ †’ç* ¢Á·ü¿-™„-ö«d ¤?)

Achyut: I know you mean the black eye I

have. (It has) nothing to do with box-

ing, my friend.

(Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. í¬ßª’ç ´©x Ø√ éπ∞¡x ô÷dÖ†o †©x- ’îªa†’ í∫’Jç* Åçô’-Ø√o- E.é¬F ¶«éÀqçí˚èπÿ, ü∆Eéà à Ææç•çüµ¿ç™‰ü¿’.)

Black eye = í¬ßª’ç ´©x éπ∞¡x ô÷d à®ΩpúË †©x´’îªa.

Nothing to do with = Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’.

I have nothing to do with this property

(Ø√èπÿ, Ñ ÇÆœhéÀ ᙫçöÀ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’.)

What has a Physics lecturer to do with

zoology?

°∂œ>é˙q ™„éπa-®Ω-®˝èπÿ, V¢√-©@ éà Ææç•çüµ¿ç àN’öÀ?

A mother has everything to do with her

child's well being.

(Gúøf ÆæçÍé~´’ç Åçû√ ûªLxéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*çüË.)ûÁ©’Ææ’ í∫ü∆: Ééπ\úø have/ has ¢√úÕ† îÓô™«xhave got/ has got èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a.

Anand: Then how did you get the black

eye?

(´’J éπ∞¡x ô÷d Ç †©’°æ¤ -àç--öÀ?)

Achyut: Two days ago, during a power cut,

searching for a candle in the dark, I

hit the edge of the door. That's why

I have the black eye.

(È®ç-úø’®ÓV© éÀçü¿ éπÈ®çö¸ §Ú®·-†-°æ¤púø’,éÌ¢ÌyAh éÓÆæç ¢Áûª’èπ◊-ûª’çõ‰ ûª©’°æ¤ ûªT-LçC. ÅüË ÉC.)

Anand: It's still bad. You should have seen

the doctor.

(ÅC Éçé¬ Bv´ç-í¬ØË ÖçC. ú≈éπd®˝- -ü¿í∫_®Ωèπ◊ -¢Á-∞¡x-™‰-ü∆?)

Achyut: I did, of course, but I'm afraid he did-

n't do a good job of it.

(-¢Á-∞«x-†’. é¬F ÆæJí¬ ¢Ájü¿uç îËߪ’-™‰-ü¿-†’-èπ◊çö«.)

Anand: How much did he charge you?

(áçûª BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’?)

Achyut: Rs 100/- per treatment and another

fifty rupees for medicines in his own

shop.

(¢Ájü∆u-EéÀ ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©÷, Çߪ’†-≥ƒ-°-™ØË ´’çü¿’-©èπ◊ ´’®Óߪ÷¶µ„j.)

Anand: I am sure he didn't get a good run

for his money.

(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ Åûªúø’ BÆæ’-èπ◊†o úø•’sèπ◊ ûªT†v¨¡´’-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’.)

Achyut: you are right. It is the third day and

there hasn't been any improvement.

(†’´¤y -îÁ°œpç-C éπÈ®Íéd. ÉC ´‚úÓ ®ÓV.Å®·Ø√ -àç -ûªí∫_-™‰ü¿’.)

Anand: Why don't you get another check

up?

(ÉçéÓ-≤ƒJ îª÷°œç--éÓ-èπÿ-úøü∆?)

Achyut: I went to this doctor because he has

a very good name. He got his break

when he treated the train accident

victims. Since then he has been well

known as a trauma specialist.

(Ñ ú≈éπd-®˝èπ◊ ´’ç* Ê°®Ω’ç-úøôç ´©xÇߪ’† ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞«x†’. È®j©’ v°æ´÷ü¿ç ¶«Cµ-

ûª’©èπ◊ *éÀûªq îËߪ’-ôçûÓ Çߪ’† ´%Ah´’ç* ´’©’°æ¤ AJ-TçC. Å°æpöÀ †’ç*í¬ßª÷© ¢Ájü¿u E°æ¤-ù’-úø’í¬ ´’ç* Ê°®Ì-*açC.)

Get a break = ´%Ah™ ņ’-èπÿ-©-¢Á’i† ´÷®Ω’p-®√-´ôç.

trauma (vö«´÷) –

1) Bv - ÷-†-Æœéπ é~Ó¶µº

Divorced Couples and orphaned Children

undergo a lot of trauma.

(Nú≈èπ◊©’ BÆæ’èπ◊†o ïçô©÷, ÅØ√-ü∑¿-™„j† °œ©x©’Bv - ÷-†-Æœéπ é~Ó¶µº ņ’-¶µº-N-≤ƒh®Ω’.)

trauma èπ◊ È®çúÓ Å®Ωnç, ú≈éπd®Ωx ¶µ«≠æ™ Bv´-í¬-ߪ÷©’.

¢√öÀE ¢Ájü¿uç-îËÊÆ ü¿¨¡™ trauma specialist =

í¬ßª÷© ¢Ájü¿uç™ E°æ¤-ù’úø’.

Anand: I think he had a hand from his uncle

in setting up his nursing home.

(Ñ †Jqçí˚ £æ«Ùç ≤ƒn°œç-îª-úøç-™ Çߪ’†Åçèπ◊™¸ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç Öçü¿-†’-èπ◊çö«.)

Achyut: Yes, he had.

(Å´¤†’)

[ [ [

English ™ have/ has, get ¢√úøéπç î√™« Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ω-ù-´’F, OöÀéÀ NNüµ¿ Å®√n-©’-Ø√o-ߪ’EéÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ í∫´’-Eçî√ç. Éçé¬ ´’†çûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çC, have get - Ñ È®çöÀF î√™« Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x äéπ-ü∆E •ü¿’©’ ÉçéÓöÀ ¢√úø -îªaE. ÑN≠æߪ’ç™ é¬Ææh v¨¡ü¿l¥ûÓ Ç Ææçü¿-®√s¥-™‰¢Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E ¢√öÀE ¢√úøôç practice îËÊÆh daily life

situations ™ ´’†ç ´÷ö«xúË English î√™«simple í¬, natural í¬ Öçô’çC.

11)) ¢√úø’-éπ™ get π◊†o Å®√n©’:a) §Òçü¿ôç: He got a prize in the race yester-

day.

(E†oöÀ °æçüÁç™ Åûª--úø’ •£æ›-´’A§Òçü∆úø’.)

´÷´·©’ ûÁ©’í∫’™ Åûª-úÕéÀ •£æ›-´’A ´*açC -Å-E-Åç-ö«ç.

b) Å´ôç: He gets busy from 10 onwards.

(10 †’ç* BJéπ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Å®·-§Ú-û√úø’.)

c) 鬮Ω-ù-´’-´ôç = She got it done .

(ÅC Ǣ˒ îË®·ç-*çC)

22)) Have π◊ ¢√úø’-éπ™ Ö†o Å®√n©’:a) éπL-T-Öç-úøôç: She and her husband have a

car each.

´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Ç¢Á’èπ◊, Ç¢Á’ ¶µº®Ωhèπ◊ îÁ®Ó car

ÖçC – éπL-T- Ö-Ø√o®Ω’ – ÉC get (§Òçü¿ôç)ûª®√yA °∂æLûªç.

b) 鬮Ω-ù- ’- ôç – She has her clothes ironed

by him

(ÅûªúÕûÓ ÉÆ‘Y îË®·-Ææ’hçC/ îË®·ç--èπ◊ç-ô’çC)

Ñ lesson v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç™ Ö†o conversation

™ get Ö†o îÓô™«x have ¢√úø-´îª’a.

Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ÉC îª÷úøçúÕ:

1) He got a fever last week = He had a fever.

2) She got a clean bill of health from the

doctor.

(Ç¢Á’ ú≈éπd®˝ ´ü¿l †’ç* Ææç°æ‹®Ωg Ç®Ó-í∫u-´ç-ûª’-®√-©ØË´÷ô §ÒçCçC.)

´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’™– Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ææç°æ‹®Ωg Ç®Óí∫uçÖ†oô’x ú≈éπd®˝ ûË™«aúø’.

She had a clean bill of health from the

doctor.

A clean bill of health = Ææç°æ‹®Ωg Ç®Óí∫uç Ö†oô’xú≈éπd®˝ îÁ°æpúøç.

3) He got a health check up.

(Ç®Óí∫uç °æK-éÀ~ç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’– ú≈éπd®˝ü¿í∫_®Ω.)

He had a health check up.

4) They got what they had wanted =

(¢√∞¡x-é¬\-´-©-ÆœçC ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ´*açC – ¢√∞¡Ÿx§Òçü∆®Ω’.)

They had what they had wanted.

(¢√∞¡x-é¬\-´-LqçC ¢√∞¡x-èπ◊çC. Åçõ‰ ÅC¢√∞¡Ÿx-§ÒçC† ûª®√yûª)

5) I do all the work, and they get all

the name.

(v¨¡´’-Ø√C, Ê°®Ω’-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊)

I do all the work and they have all

the name.

6) She gets good money from house

rents.

(ÉçöÀ ÅüÁl© ´©x Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ¶«í¬ úø•’s- -Ææ’hçC.)

She has good money from house rents.

Spoken English Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊, have, got î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√®·. O™„j-†çûª áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√öÀE Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd ¢√úøôçpractice îËߪ’çúÕ.

Look at the following sentences from the

conversation at the beginning of the

lesson.

ÅEo-îÓôx get •ü¿’©’ have ¢√úÕ-îª÷ü∆lç.

11)) ... How did you get the black eye?

(Fèπ◊ éπçöÀ ô÷d Ç †©xöÀ ´’îÁa™«´*açC?)

... Why do you have/ How did you have the

black eye?

2) That's why I have the black eye = That's

how I got the black eye.

(Ééπ\úø have •ü¿’©’ get ¢√ú≈-©çõ‰ é¬Ææh´÷®Ω’p -Å-´-Ææ®Ωç.)

Why E how í¬ ´÷®√aç. Present tense ™Ö†o have •ü¿’©’, past tense ™ Ö†o got

´*açC éπü∆? Meaning ´÷®Ω-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ñ ´÷®Ω’p Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Ç™-*ç-îªçúÕ Ææ’©-¶µºç-

í¬ØË Å®Ωnç Å´¤-ûÓçC.

3) He didn't get a good run for his money.

( BÆæ’-èπ◊†o/ §ÒçC† úø•’sèπ◊ ûªT-†çûª v¨¡´’-°æ-úø-™‰-ü¿-ûª†’.)

(v¨¡´’ ûªèπ◊\´ – -Åç-ü¿’éπûª†éÀ ´*a† úø¶„s-èπ◊\´)

He didn't have a good run for his money.

get/ have a good run for one's money.

(úø•’sèπ◊ ûªT† Nüµ¿çí¬ v¨¡´’-°æ-úøôç.)

Ñ expression O’®Ω÷ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

a) Software companies make their employ-

ees get/have a good run for their money

by making them work for 10 to 12 hours

a day .

(≤ƒ°∂ˇd-¢Ë®˝ éπç°-F-©’ ®ÓVèπ◊ °æC, °æØÁoçúø’ í∫çô©°æE îË®·ç--èπ◊E û√N’îËa @û√-©èπ◊ ûªí∫_-î√-éÀJ

îË®·ç--èπ◊ç--ô’-Ø√o®·.)

b) They won in the end all right, but they

got/ had a good run for their money.

¢√∞¡Ÿx ÈíL-î√®Ω’, ¶«í¬ØË ÖçC, é¬F î√™«v¨¡´’-°æúÕ ÈíL-î√®Ω’. (¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Èí©’-°æçûªÆæ’©-¶µºçí¬ ®√™‰-ü¿E)

ûªèπ◊\´ v¨¡´’, áèπ◊\´ °∂æLûªç é¬èπ◊çú≈,¶«í¬ v¨¡N’ç* °∂æLûªç §Òçü¿ôç.Get/have a good run for one's

money.

4) Why don't you have another

checkup = ÉçéÓ-≤ƒJ °æKéπ~îË®·çéÓèπ◊-úøü¿÷? =

Why don't you get another checkup.

5) He got a break =

ÅûªE ü¿¨¡ AJ-TçC =

He had a break.

a) The movie star had a lucky break with

the movie, Durmargudu =

ü¿’®√t-®Ω’_úø’ ÆœE-´÷ûÓ Ç û√®Ω ü¿¨¡ AJ-TçC =

The movie star got a break...

b) The lawyer had a break with the reser-

vations case =

Reservations case ûÓ Çߪ’† ü¿¨¡ AJ-TçC =The lawyer got a break with the reserva-

tions case.

6) I think he had a hand from his uncle =

Çߪ’† uncle Çߪ’-†èπ◊ îËߪ‚ûª Éî√aúø’ =

I think he got a hand from his uncle.

a) Get/have a hand = Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç §Òçü¿ôç

b) Give a hand = Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-°æ-úøôç

(ûÁ©’-í∫’™ hand Éî√aúø’- Å-ØË °æ-ü∆-Eo Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’, ´÷ô ûª§ƒpúø’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç,é¬E English ™ give a hand/ lend a hand

Åçõ‰ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-°æ-úø-ôç -Å-E í∫’-®Ω’hç--èπ◊çü∆ç)

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

---´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 31 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

He got a break-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 233-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M. SURESAN