2.2. WATERBODY CLASSIFICATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL …

Recreational Waters Monitoring Program

Annual Assessment Report Malumpati-Bugang River, Duyong-Tingib Beach and Tibiao River

January to December 2020

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES 2

LIST OF FIGURES 2

1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3

1.1. OBJECTIVE 4

2.0 METHODOLOGY 5

2.1. STUDY AREA 5

2.1.1. PANDAN RECREATIONAL WATERS 5

A. RIVER PROFILE 6

B. BEACH PROFILE 7

2.1.2. TIBIAO RIVER RECREATIONAL WATER 8

2.2. WATERBODY CLASSIFICATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS 10

2.3. SAMPLE COLLECTION, PRESERVATION AND ANALYSIS 15

2.4. WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS 16

3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 17

3.1 MALUMPATI-BUGANG RIVER 17

3.2 DUYONG-TINGIB BEACH 20

3.3 TIBIAO RIVER 24

3.4 WATER QUALITY INDEX (WQI) 27

3.4.1 CALCULATION OF THE INDEX 28

3.4.2 WQI RESULTS 29

4.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 30

BIBLIOGRAPHY 31

ANNEX “A” – LAND COVER MAPS 32

ANNEX “B” – PHOTO-DOCUMENTATION OF RECREATIONAL WATERS 35




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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2. 1. Water body classification and Usage of Freshwater ....................................................................... 10 Table 2. 2. Water body classification and Usage of Marine Waters ................................................................. 10 Table 2. 3. Bugang River Monitoring Stations ................................................................................................... 11 Table 2. 4. Duyong-Tingib Beach Monitoring Stations ...................................................................................... 11 Table 2. 5. Tibiao River Monitoring Stations ..................................................................................................... 12 Table 2. 6.List of Parameters and Method of Analysis ...................................................................................... 15 Table 2. 7. Parameters Unit of Measurements and Definition ......................................................................... 16 Table 3. 1. Monitoring Results of Malumpati-Bugang River for CY 2020 .......................................................... 17 Table 3. 2. Monitoring Results of Duyong-Tingib Beach for CY 2020 ................................................................ 21 Table 3. 3. Monitoring Results of Tibiao River for CY 2020 ............................................................................... 24 Table 3. 4. Descriptive Categories of Water Quality Index ................................................................................ 28 Table 3. 5. WQI of Malumpati – Bugang River .................................................................................................. 29 Table 3. 6. Duyong – Tingib Beach ..................................................................................................................... 29 Table 3. 7. Tibiao River ...................................................................................................................................... 29

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2. 1. Photo of Malumpati Health Spring. .................................................................................................. 5 Figure 2. 2. Photo of Headspring of Bugang River. .............................................................................................. 6 Figure 2. 3. Elevation Profile of Malumpati-Bugang River. ................................................................................. 6 Figure 2. 4. Aerial View of Duyong-Tingib White Beach ...................................................................................... 7 Figure 2. 5. Photo of Station 7 of Tibiao River located at Brgy. Tuno, Tibiao, Antique ....................................... 8 Figure 2. 6. Elevation Profile of Tibiao River. ...................................................................................................... 9 Figure 2. 7. Map of Pandan Recreational Waters and Location of Monitoring Stations .................................. 13 Figure 2. 8. Map of Tibiao River Recreational Water and Location of Monitoring Stations ............................. 14 Figure 3. 2. Fecal Coliform Concentration for CY 2020 ..................................................................................... 18 Figure 3. 3. Phosphate Concentration for CY 2020 ........................................................................................... 19 Figure 3. 4. Dissolved Oxygen Concentration for CY 2020 ................................................................................ 19 Figure 3. 5. 3-Year Comparative Annual Average Fecal Coliform Concentration for Malumpati-Bugang River 20 Figure 3. 6. Fecal Coliform Concentration for CY 2020 ..................................................................................... 21 Figure 3. 7. Phosphate Concentration for CY 2020 ........................................................................................... 22 Figure 3. 8. Dissolved Oxygen Concentration for CY 2020 ................................................................................ 23 Figure 3. 9. 3-Year Comparative Annual Average Fecal Coliform Concentration for Duyong-Tingib Beach ..... 23 Figure 3. 10. Fecal Coliform Concentration for CY 2020 ................................................................................... 25 Figure 3. 11. Phosphate Concentration for CY 2020 ......................................................................................... 26 Figure 3. 12. Dissolved Oxygen Concentration for CY 2020 .............................................................................. 26 Figure 3. 13. Comparative Annual Average Fecal Coliform Concentration for Tibiao River ............................. 27

Figure B. 1. Boats docked at Station 3 of Malumpati-Bugang River, Pandan, Antique ..................................... 35 Figure B. 2. Weir creating the Malumpati Health Spring Pool (Station 2)......................................................... 35 Figure B. 3. Floating Cottage at Blue Wave Resort at Station 5 of Tibiao River, Tibiao, Antique...................... 36 Figure B. 4. Confluence of Bugtong-Bato Falls and Tibiao River, Tibiao, Antique ............................................. 36




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RECREATIONAL WATERS MONITORING PROGRAM Malumpati-Bugang River, Duyong-Tingib Beach and Tibiao River

1.0 Background Information

he Province of Antique is among the four provinces

comprised the Panay Island along with provinces of Aklan,

Capiz and Iloilo. It borders the western portion of the island

and was profiled as an ordinary seahorse-shaped province. The

province has a total area of 2,729.17 km2 and a population density

of 210/km2.

Antique is also known as “where the mountain meets the

sea” province due to its traversing mountain range on one side and

vast ocean on the other side, both abutted by rivers. It has the

highest elevation in the island with 2,117 masl found in Mount

Madia-as and several mountain peaks which explains the robust

river systems found in the province. Likewise, Antique is also

characterized by beautiful beaches and rich marine life where it is bordered by Cuyo East Pass and

Sulu Sea.

The province also prides in its wide array of tourism sites and potentials and it is fast becoming

a top tourism destination in Western Visayas. Over the past few years, Antique shows an increasing

trend in tourist arrivals, as well as economic activities brought by tourism industry. Among the

manifestations of the trend is the re-opening of the airport in San Jose, to cater direct flights from

other destinations.

However, the flourishing tourism industry in the province not only provides economic

opportunities but as well pose pressures to homeostasis of ecology and environment, in general.

Without appropriate management in place, these pressures coupled with the changing climate will

eventually pose an irreversible damage to the environment.

Hence, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) through the

Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) provides a framework in managing the recreational

waters to maintain a balanced ecology and protect public health. There are at least three (3)

recreational waters that are being monitored by the EMB Region 6, all of which are nested in the

Province of Antique. These waterbodies are Malumpati-Bugang River, Duyong-Tingib Beach in the

Municipality of Pandan and Tibiao River in the Municipalities of Tibiao and Culasi.

Since the implementation of the program in CY 2017, a forward-looking of creating a local

committee and framework were considered in every activity it undertook. It is with the end goal of

designating the waterbodies as Water Quality Management Area (WQMA). Several milestones were

achieved in the implementation of the program, however, differs at the level of activities undertaken

for each site.

T




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For example, on one hand, a Local Project Site Committee (LPSC) was created for Pandan

recreational waters through an Executive Order by the Local Chief Executive of Pandan, Antique.

Likewise, an Action Plan for Recreational Waters in Pandan was drafted, formulated and submitted

to the Sangguniang Bayan and expecting approval and adoption thereof.

On the other hand, LPSC was created for Tibiao River recreational water while formulation of

the action plan was scheduled but was disrupted due to the pandemic. Regular water quality

monitoring however continues after the lockdown was lifted.

With the current condition blighted by the pandemic caused by COVID-19 disease, it will likely

expect delays and revamping of the plan, projects and activities to appropriately consider the “new

normal” scenario in the recreational waters.

1.1. Objective

This monitoring program adheres to the Memorandum Circular 2015-006 or the Guidelines for

Recreational Waters Monitoring Program which provide clear guidance in the implementation of

monitoring activities in recreational waters in the country. Primarily, it aims to protect public health

through subsequent reporting to concerned agencies and stakeholders as well through public

notification.

Specifically, the monitoring activity aims to:

1. Gather data based on required parameters by collecting water samples and on-site

analyses to provide a wholistic perspective of the water quality of the recreational waters;

2. Encourage public participation through consultations and drafting and implementation of

the action plan; and,

3. Provide the relevant information to the policy-making body and regulatory agencies, both

national and local.




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2.0 METHODOLOGY

This chapter defines the extent of the study area, its classifications and geographical locations.

It likewise provides background of the sample collection method as well as parameters and methods

of analysis undertaken on the monitoring event. The scope and delimitation of this study is herein

discussed in this section.

2.1. Study Area

As mentioned earlier in this paper, three (3) recreational waterbodies were being monitored

under the program. This section attempts to provide profiles of the said waterbodies.

2.1.1. Pandan Recreational Waters

The Municipality of Pandan in Antique has two (2) recreational waterbodies that were

monitored by the EMB R6. One is a

freshwater, while the other is a

marine/coastal water. Monitoring

stations were established in both

recreational waters to monitor its water

quality through collection of waters

samples and analysis and actual

ocular observations of the geo-physical

and meteorological conditions and

anthropogenic activities that could

likely affect the integrity of the

recreational waters.

Municipality of Pandan is a fourth-class municipality in the Province of Antique with a

land area of 15,883.3 hectares comprising approximately 4.18% of the total land area of the

province. It has a total population of 34,333 according to 2015 census with population density

of 2.2 capita per hectare. It is bounded by Cuyo East Pass on the west; by the Province of

Aklan in the east; and by the Municipalities of Libertad and Sebaste in the north and south,

respectively.

Pandan is fast becoming top tourist destinations in Western Visayas due to its

proximity in Boracay Island. Among the major attractions it offers are the Bugang River, which

has been awarded as the cleanest inland body of water in the Philippines, and White beaches

along Pandan Bay. With the need for management, protection and conservation of the

resources of Pandan Bay an alliance was formed among LGUs. This alliance is known as

LiPaSeCu Council, where it got its name from four (4) LGUs within the Bay namely Libertad,

Pandan, Sebaste and Culasi.

Figure 2. 1. Photo of Malumpati Health Spring.




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A. River Profile

Malumpati-Bugang

River has a total stretch of

approximately six (6)

kilometers with its headspring

that has a depth of roughly 30

meters (98 ft) deep. The main

river and its tributaries

originated from the Northwest

Panay Peninsula Natural

Park and entirely traverses

the Municipality of Pandan

which ultimately drains in

Pandan Bay.

It is characterized by shallow rocky areas and sandy-muddy bottom with some parts

exposed during low tides. The river traverses five (5) barangays namely: Brgy. Candari, Brgy.

Sto. Rosario, Brgy. Guia, Brgy. Zaldivar and Brgy. Mag-aba which then converges in the Bay.

The Malumpati-Bugang River has the highest elevation of 31-meters above sea level

(masl) from its headspring. It has a maximum slope of 11.4% and an average slope of 2%

which are considerably flat to undulating hill. Graph of this elevation as shown in figure 3 was

retrieved using the Google Earth elevation profile. However, its tributaries range from

approximately 781 masl to less than 100 masl originating mainly from the Northwest Panay

Peninsula Natural Park (NWPPNP).

Figure 2. 2. Photo of Headspring of Bugang River. Retrieved from Google© on CY 2018, Credit to Owner

Figure 2. 3. Elevation Profile of Malumpati-Bugang River. Retrieved from Google Earth©




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The vegetation cover of this riverine system varies from intensive riparian vegetation

to mixed freshwater and brackish water lined with Nypa fruticans and several species of

mangroves.

According to Guzman and Capaque (2014), there are thirty-eight (38) fish species from

thirty genera belonging to twenty (20) families were recorded at the time of study in November

2013 to March 2014 at Malumpati-Bugang River. The species belonging to Eleotridae was

found to be the most abundant in the riverine system.

Malumpati-Bugang River has a rich fish faunal composition and is comparable to other

major river systems in the country such as Bago River in Negros Occidental, Langaran River

in Misamis Oriental as well as to other major watersheds of the Makiling Forest Reserve in

Laguna (Pallet et. Al., 2011).

B. Beach Profile

On the other hand, the

Duyong-Tingib Beach is gradually

been emerging as tourist spot in the

province due to its pristine waters

and off-white sand with a good view

of the sunset. This can be

manifested with the presence of

several resorts within and

surrounding the area.

The entire stretch of the

coastal area of Pandan is

approximately 11,557 meters in length. However, the Duyong-Tingib white beach stretches

approximately 3,144 meters covering the entire length of both barangays, Brgy. Duyong and

Brgy. Tingib. The said water body is part of the greater water body, the Pandan Bay. Several

creeks were observed draining in the northwest and southeast portion of the water body.

According to local guide, these creeks were some of the contributors to organic debris such

as coconut husk, leaves and bamboo that are washed ashore during weather disturbances.

Its coastline is characterized by dominance of coconut trees (Cocos nucifera) and

morning glory (Ipomoea sp.), while Pandanus sp. And some grasses are sparsely distributed.

No data on marine ecosystem was included in this report, since no available studies were

accessed.

Figure 2. 4. Aerial View of Duyong-Tingib White Beach




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2.1.2. Tibiao River Recreational Water

The Municipality of Tibiao is a fourth-class

municipality in the Province of Antique with a land

area of 177.42 square kilometers constituting

approximately 6.5% of the total land area of the

province. It has a total population of 26,748

according to 2015 census with population density of

150 capita per square kilometer. It is bounded by

Cuyo East Pass on the west; by the Central Panay

Mountain Range and Province of Aklan in the east;

and by the Municipalities of Culasi and Barbaza in

the north and south, respectively.

Tibiao is situated at 51 P 396314 1247476 in

the northern portion of a seahorse-shaped province

of Antique and is 75 kilometers from the province

capital, San Jose de Buenavista. It is politically

divided into 21 barangays, of which eight barangays

are considered as coastal barangays and 5 upland barangays.

Like Pandan, Tibiao is also fast becoming top tourist destinations in Western Visayas

due to relentless effort of the LGU and the Province in promoting its tourism industry coupled

with its proximity in Boracay Island. It offers various tourism activities that are frequented by

both local and foreign tourists. Among these are the experiential tourism such as “Lambaklad”

wherein tourists have the opportunities to experience fishing in the fish aggregating device

locally known as Lambaklad. In the river, local tourism industry offers adrenaline rushing

activities such as kayaking and whitewater rafting.

A. River Profile

The Tibiao River is within the Tibiao River Basin which covers the municipalities of

Madalag in Aklan and Culasi and Tibiao in Antique. The DENR River Basin Control Office

(RBCO) identified it as one of the 421 river basins in the country with a drainage area of 119

square kilometers and an estimated 151 million cubic meter annual run-off.

The river has a total stretch of approximately 25.4 kilometers which traverses the

municipalities of Culasi and Tibiao and ultimately drains in Sulu Sea. The main river system

and its several tributaries originated mainly from the Central Panay Mountain Range,

particularly from Mt. Madia-as in Culasi.

The soil classes in Tibiao River Basin are mostly clay and portion of undifferentiated

soil class with a meager portion of sandy loam downstream of the river based on the dataset

from the Bureau of Soils under the Department of Agriculture taken before 2004.

Figure 2. 5. Photo of Station 7 of Tibiao River located at Brgy. Tuno, Tibiao, Antique




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The river is characterized by a shallow rocky areas and sandy bottom with exposed

large boulders from upstream up to midstream. Some of the riparian vegetation observed were

mainly dominated by bamboo and some Acacia trees (Samanea saman) and sparsely

distributed Ficus sp. Along the riverbanks and rock outcrops and boulders. Some grasses and

shrubs serve as ground cover which helps soil stability in the riverbanks. Canopy tree species

and undergrowth were likewise observed particularly in the upstream of the river and tributary

creek originating from Bugtong Bato Falls.

The river traverses at least 9 barangays from the Municipalities of Culasi and Tibiao.

These barangays are Alojipan, Osorio and Flores in Culasi and Pitac, Tuno, Tigbaboy,

Importante, Santa Justa and ultimately drains in Martinez. Most of the stations established

were approximately less than a kilometer from the rice fields and built-up areas. Water from

the river were diverted to irrigate the rice fields.

The Tibiao River has the highest elevation of 1,714-meters above sea level (masl) from

its headwater. It has a maximum slope of 66.5% and an average slope of 9.3% which are

considerably undulating hill to steep. Graph of this elevation as shown in figure 4 was retrieved

using the Google Earth elevation profile. However, its tributaries ranging from approximately

1,530 masl to less at least 622 masl originating mainly from the Central Panay Mountain

Range.

Figure 2. 6. Elevation Profile of Tibiao River. Retrieved from Google Earth©

Sampling stations were established to monitor its water quality through collection of

waters samples and analysis and actual ocular observations of the geo-physical and

meteorological conditions and anthropogenic activities that could likely affect the integrity of

the recreational waters.




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2.2. Waterbody Classification and Geographical Locations

The DAO 2016-08 or the Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluents Standards of 2016

provides classification of the waterbodies in the country. Accordingly, the tables below show the

classification and usage of waterbodies both freshwater and marine water.

Table 2. 1. Water body classification and Usage of Freshwater

Classification Intended Beneficial Use

Class AA

Public Water Supply Class I – Intended primarily for waters having watersheds,

which are uninhabited and/or otherwise declared as protected areas, and which

requires only approved disinfection to meet the latest PNSDW

Class A

Public Water Supply II – Intended as sources of water supply requiring

conventional treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection) to

meet the latest PNSDW.

Class B Recreational Water Class I – Intended for primary contact recreation (bathing,

swimming, etc.)

Class C

1. Fishery Water for propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic

resources

2. Recreational Water Class II – For boating, fishing or similar activities

3. For agriculture, irrigation and livestock watering

Class D Navigable waters

Table 2. 2. Water body classification and Usage of Marine Waters

Classification Intended Beneficial Use

Class SA

1. Protected Waters – Waters designated as national or local marine parks,

reserves, sanctuaries and other areas established by law (PP 1801 and

other existing laws), and/or declared as such by appropriate government

agency LGUs, etc.

2. Fishery Water Class I – Suitable for shellfish harvesting for direct human

consumption

Class SB

1. Fishery Water Class II – Waters suitable for commercial propagation of

shellfish and intended spawning areas for milkfish (Chanos chanos) and

similar species.

2. Tourist Zones – For ecotourism and recreational activities

3. Recreational Water Class I – Intended for primary contact recreation

(bathing, swimming, etc.)

Class SC

1. Fishery Water Class III – For the propagation and growth of fish and other

aquatic resources and intended for commercial and sustenance fishing

2. Recreational Water Class II – For boating, fishing or similar activities

3. Marshy and/or mangrove areas declared as fish and wildlife sanctuaries

Class SD Navigable waters

The tables below show the monitoring stations with geographical coordinates and official

classification established through series of consultation with different stakeholders. Four (4)




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monitoring stations were established in Malumpati-Bugang River, while three (3) monitoring stations

for Duyong-Tingib Beach to provide representative water quality for both waterbodies.

On the other hand, four (4) monitoring stations were established in Tibiao River as regular

stations to be monitored monthly from Stations 5 – 8 while the other 4 stations (Station 1 – 4) were

established as to serve as baseline data from the headwater (Brgy. Flores) and contributing creeks

to the main River.

All the stations mentioned above are either situated adjacent to tourism facilities, agricultural

farms and rural communities. Segmentation of the waterbodies were not identified yet, though

determination of these segments will be undertaken after thorough consultations, training and the use

of GIS.

Furthermore, possible addition of stations, or removal thereof, will be considered upon the

results of activities to be conducted such as river profiling, coastal assessment, and pollution loading.

These will aid planners to detect anomaly in the water quality of the said waterbodies to provide

appropriate solutions to the issues.

Table 2. 3. Bugang River Monitoring Stations

Stn.

No. Location

Official

Classification

Geographical

Coordinates

1 Bugang River, Upstream of Malumpati Cold

Spring & Pandan Water District A 399278.40 1301096.96

2 Bugang River, Downstream of Malumpati

Cold Spring B 399423.48 1300974.52

3 Bugang River, Upstream of Naranjo

Waterpark B 398519.78 1298784.06

4 Bugang River, Downstream of Naranjo

Waterpark B 398349.67 1298660.42

Table 2. 4. Duyong-Tingib Beach Monitoring Stations

Stn.

No. Location

Official

Classification

Geographical

Coordinates

1 Duyong-Tingib Beach, 100m Right of Phaidon

Beach Resort SB 395039.72 1297676.18

2 Duyong-Tingib Beach, Middle of Phaidon

Beach Resort SB 395231.39 1297558.44

3 Duyong-Tingib Beach, 100m Left of Phaidon

Beach Resort SB 395311.48 1297511.24




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Table 2. 5. Tibiao River Monitoring Stations

Stn.

No. Location

Official

Classification

Geographical

Coordinates

1 Brgy. Flores A* 402981.49 1257523.53

2 Mouth of Kagidkid Creek A* 401328.86 1255243.56

3 Tibiao River-Kagidkid Confluence A* 401282.32 1255218.24

4 Bugtong Bato Falls B* 400756.38 1250985.31

5 Tibiao River – Bugtong Bato Confluence B 399568.37 1251446.94

6 Tuno Upstream B 399549.86 1251388.47

7 Tuno Downstream B 399335.01 1251290.28

8 Botong, Brgy. Tigbaboy B 398397.08 1250511.23

* Unclassified but classification is based on observed current best usage of the segment of waterbody




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Figure 2. 7. Map of Pandan Recreational Waters and Location of Monitoring Stations


Semi-Annual Assessment Report Malumpati-Bugang River, Duyong-Tingib Beach and Tibiao River

January to June 2020

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Figure 2. 8. Map of Tibiao River Recreational Water and Location of Monitoring Stations

Figure 3. 1. Fecal Coliform Concentration Results of Malumpati-Bugang River, Pandan, AntiqueFigure 2. 9. Map of Tibiao River Recreational Water and Location of Monitoring Stations




1 https://www.kobotoolbox.org/ 15 | P a g e 2 Downloaded from Google Play Store

2.3. Sample Collection, Preservation and Analysis

There are two (2) methods of collecting primary data for water quality. One is using the Hanna

Instruments© Multi-Parameter Water Quality Checker to collect and analyze data on-site. Parameters

analyzed were ph, Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature. Data collected from the instrument were

recorded in a mobile field data form for collation and further analysis. Mobile field data forms were

generated using the KoBoToolbox1 and data collection employs a KoBoCollect2, a mobile application

which can be used both online and offline.

The other is through grab sampling method. Grab water samples were collected in established

monitoring stations abovementioned. Parameters for this method were Fecal Coliform Concentration,

Phosphate Concentration and Oil and Grease Concentration. Each parameter requires different water

container. A sterilized 10ml glass bottles tightly sealed were used for fecal coliform analysis; a 50ml

glass with screw cap bottles were used for phosphate analysis; and,1-liter wide-mouthed glass with

screw cap containers were used for oil and grease analysis.

The collected water samples were preserved, stored in an ice chest packed with ice and

submitted to EMB Laboratory for analysis. Along with the samples, field data and chain of custody

were likewise submitted to the receiving personnel of the Laboratory Section Unit (LSU) for verification

and records. Analyses of the water samples were undertaken at the EMB Laboratory, Parola, Iloilo

City following the approved methods of analysis as shown in Table 5 below.

Table 2. 6. List of Parameters and Method of Analysis

Parameter Method of Analysis

pH* Hanna Instruments© Multi-Parameter

Water Quality Checker Dissolved Oxygen*

Temperature*

Phosphate Stannous Chloride

Oil and Grease Gravimetric Method (Liquid-Liquid Partition)

Fecal Coliform Multiple Tube Fermentation Technique

*Measured in-situ

https://www.kobotoolbox.org/


Semi-Annual Assessment Report Malumpati-Bugang River, Duyong-Tingib Beach and Tibiao River

January to June 2020

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2.4. Water Quality Parameters

Based on the abovementioned MC 2015-006, all recreational waters shall monitor the primary

water quality parameters such as fecal coliform and pH monthly frequency for at least 10 months per

year. While secondary water quality parameter such as total mercury, organophosphate, oil and

grease and phenol and phenolic substances shall be monitored on semi-annual frequency. However,

since the team is using the multi-probe water quality checker, other parameters were likewise

measured and recorded in-situ.

Table 2. 7. Parameters Unit of Measurements and Definition

Parameter Unit Definition

pH

Is an indicator of acidity or alkalinity. pH is a logarithmic scale

and an increase or decrease of one pH unit is a 10-fold change.

Neutral water has a pH of 7, acidic solutions have values

between 0-6 and alkaline solutions have values between 8-14.

Dissolved

Oxygen (DO) Mg/L

• Is related to the solubility of air in water at 0°C. Solubility of oxygen in water decreases with high temperatures. Important property for aquatic organisms where if depleted will be difficult for many organisms to survive.

Temperature °C

Water temperature is a physical property expressing how hot or

cold water is. As hot and cold are both arbitrary terms,

temperature can further be defined as a measurement of the

average thermal energy of a substance

Nutrients

Total nitrogen

(TN) and

Phosphate

Mg/L

Are the total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus present in the

water body. Nitrogen can be present in different forms (e.g.

Organic nitrogen in plant material, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite).

Phosphorus can also be present in different forms (e.g. Organic

phosphorus, phosphate). High concentrations of phosphate and

nitrogen can result in excessive growth of aquatic plants such

as cyanobacteria, phytoplankton, macrophytes and filamentous

algae.

Oil and Grease Mg/L

Oil and grease include fats, oils, waxes, and other related

constituents found in water, generally wastewater. If these

compounds are not removed before discharge of treated

wastewater, oil and grease can interfere with biological life in

surface waters and create unsightly films.

Fecal Coliform MPN/100ml

Coliform bacteria are organisms that are present in the

environment and in the feces of all warm-blooded animals and

humans. Coliform bacteria will not likely cause illness.

However, their presence in drinking water indicates that

disease-causing organisms (pathogens) could be in

the water system.




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3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter presented the results from the monitoring events as well as the interpretation and

analyses of the data and presentation of issues encountered that will most likely affect the water

quality of the waterbodies monitored.

3.1 Malumpati-Bugang River

As shown in the tables below, Malumpati-Bugang River failed to meet the Water Quality

Guideline Value for Fecal Coliform for all stations covering 11 sampling events. Stations 3 and 4

records the highest concentration which is 240,000 MPN/100mL, while Station 1 records the lowest

concentration of 23 MPN/100mL. Further, Stations 1 and 2 average temperature value did not meet

the guideline value. However, it can be noted that these stations are upstream stretch of the river

closest to the headspring as well as foothill of the Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park

(NWPPNP), thus affecting its temperature.

On the other hand, Phosphate concentration and Dissolved Oxygen are compliant to the said

guideline for Class A and B waters.

Table 3. 1. Monitoring Results of Malumpati-Bugang River for CY 2020

St Location

Parameters

Fecal Coliform, MPN/100ml Phosphate, mg/L DO, mg/L

Ave Min Max WQG Ave Min Max WQG Ave Min Max WQG

1 Malumpati Upstream

702 23 33,000 <1.1 0.081 0.041 0.139 0.5 7.262 2.580 10.240 5

2 Malumpati Downstream

1,537 170 33,000 100 0.077 0.044 0.103 0.5 7.003 3.250 10.410 5

3 Naranjo Waterpark Upstream

13,641 330 240,000 100 0.093 0.012 0.208 0.5 6.947 3.600 9.140 5

4 Naranjo Waterpark Downstream

14,857 2,300 240,000 100 0.082 0.047 0.115 0.5 6.803 3.700 9.320 5

St Location

Parameters

Temperature, C pH, Range

Ave Min Max WQG Ave Min Max WQG

1 Malumpati

Upstream 24.781 24.380 25.220 26 – 30 6.615 3.890 7.880 6.5 – 8.5

2 Malumpati

Downstream 24.835 24.410 25.220 26 – 30 6.555 3.890 7.750 6.5 – 8.5

3

Naranjo

Waterpark

Upstream

27.176 24.320 36.110 26 – 30 6.595 3.870 8.120 6.5 – 8.5

4

Naranjo

Waterpark

Downstream

26.199 24.660 27.300 26 – 30 6.622 3.900 7.950 6.5 – 8.5

The figure below shows the fecal coliform concentration for 11 sampling events for CY 2020.

The sampling events was hampered for at least 2 months due to mobility restrictions brought by

pandemic. No sampling events were undertaken on the months of April and May and December,

however, catch up sampling activities were conducted in August and October.




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Results show that Stations 3 and 4, which are downstream, records the highest concentration

with 240,000 MPN/100mL on October 19, 2020 sampling event. These stations are affected by tidal

backflow during high tide. Likewise, several tributaries were observed along this stretch and possible

contamination are from surface run offs and domestic sources.

In addition, in February Station 1 records the lowest concentration of 23 MPN/100mL,

however, did not meet the guideline value for Class A water which is <1.1 MPN/100mL.

Figure 3. 2. Fecal Coliform Concentration for CY 2020

The figures below shows that all 11 sampling events meet the guideline values for Phosphate

concentration for Malumpati-Bugang River. Further, Station 3 records both the highest and lowest

concentrations with only 0.012 mg/L and 0.047 mg/L, covering the month of July and November,

respectively.

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

Malumpati Upstream Malumpati Downstream Naranjo WaterparkUpstream

Naranjo WaterparkDownstream

Malumpati-Bugang RiverFecal Coliform Concentration for CY 2020

Jan. 20 Feb. 10 Mar Jun. 15 Jul. 6 Aug. 3 Aug. 31

Sept. 21 Oct. 5 Oct. 19 Nov. 24 Geomean Criterion




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Figure 3. 3. Phosphate Concentration for CY 2020

Dissolved oxygen concentration for the Malumpati-Bugang River failed to meet the WQGV,

particularly in the first quarter of the year. However, for the rest of the sampling events, it all complied

with the WQGV with highest and lowest recorded concentration of 10.41 mg/L and 2.58 mg/L,

respectively.

Figure 3. 4. Dissolved Oxygen Concentration for CY 2020

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

Malumpati Upstream Malumpati Downstream Naranjo Waterpark Upstream Naranjo WaterparkDownstream

Malumpati-Bugang RiverPhosphate Concentration for CY 2020


Sept. 21 Oct. 5 Oct. 19 Nov. 24 Average Criterion

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

Malumpati Upstream Malumpati Downstream Naranjo Waterpark Upstream Naranjo WaterparkDownstream

Malumpati-Bugang RiverDissolved Oxygen Concentration for CY 2020


Sept. 21 Oct. 5 Oct. 19 Nov. 24 Average Criterion




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The figure below shows that for three years of monitoring, Malumpati-Bugang River failed to

meet the WQGV for recreational water. High fecal coliform contamination, especially in recreation

waters may pose high risk of health and environmental hazards for those with sensitive conditions.

The comparative results do not cover the CY 2018 due to the closure of Boracay Island where other

monitoring event were cancelled to focus efforts in the rehabilitation and monitoring of Boracay

Coastal water.

Figure 3. 5. 3-Year Comparative Annual Average Fecal Coliform Concentration for Malumpati-Bugang River

3.2 Duyong-Tingib Beach

The table below shows the monitoring result for Duyong-Tingib Beach for CY 2020. Geomean

results of Fecal Coliform concentrations, as well as Phosphate and Dissolved Oxygen concentrations,

conforms with the WQGV for Class SB water.

While Oil and Grease annual average concentration exceeds the WQGV. Possible

contamination of the abovementioned recreational water may come from bilge water from motor

bancas. Highest concentration for Oil and Grease pegged at 17 mg/L at Station 3. This station was

observed to be the docking area for motor banca of fisherfolks.

Malumpati Upstream Malumpati DownstreamNaranjo Waterpark

UpstreamNaranjo Waterpark

Downstream

2017 856 730 1593 1923

2019 725 493 5,886 2,658

2020 702 1,537 13,641 14,857

WQGV 0 100 100 100

1

10

100

1000

10000

MP

N/1

00

mL

3-Year Annual Comparative of Malumpati-Bugang River for Fecal Coliform Concentration




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Table 3. 2. Monitoring Results of Duyong-Tingib Beach for CY 2020

St Location

Parameters

Fecal Coliform, MPN/100ml Phosphate, mg/L DO, mg/L Oil and Grease, mg/L

Ave Min Max WQG Ave Min Max WQG Ave Min Max WQG Ave Min Max WQG

1

Pandan

White

Beach

(Right)

70 8 4,412 100 0.057 0.015 0.102 0.5 6.57 2.51 9.98 5 3 <1 8 2

2

Pandan

White

Beach

(Middle)

37 5 540 100 0.057 0.006 0.110 0.5 6.22 2.54 8.65 5 5 <1 15 2

3

Pandan

White

Beach

(Left)

28 <1.8 350 100 0.066 0.036 0.102 0.5 6.34 2.11 8.76 5 5 <1 17 2

St Location

Parameters



1 Pandan White Beach (Right) 28.98 24.47 31.49 26 – 30 6.70 3.90 8.04 6.5 – 8.5

2 Pandan White Beach (Middle) 28.76 25.23 31.61 26 – 30 6.61 3.95 8.06 6.5 – 8.5

3 Pandan White Beach (Left) 29.06 25.73 31.68 26 – 30 6.58 3.91 8.06 6.5 – 8.5

The graph below shows that there are sampling events that exceeds the criterion set forth for

Class SB water. Station 1 in October records the highest concentration of 4,412 MPN/100mL, while

Station 3 records the lowest concentration with <1.8 MPN/100mL in January.

Possible contamination of fecal coliform may come from nearby creeks draining in the bay.

Further, domestic wastes, stray animals and surface runoffs may likewise affects the integrity of the

coastal water.


1

10

100

1,000

10,000

Right Middle Left

Duyong-Tingib BeachFecal Coliform Concentration for CY 2020






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The Phosphate concentration may less likely pose threat to the coastal water of Duyong-Tingib

since it conforms to the WQGV for 11 consecutive sampling events. Highest concentration pegged at

0.110 mg/L at Station 2, while lowest concentration at 0.006 mg/L for the same station.


Same with Phosphate, Dissolved Oxygen concentration are in good concentration level for

aquatic organisms to thrive in the abovementioned waterbody. However, it can be noted that in the

first quarter of CY 2020 dissolved oxygen failed to meet the WQGV dropping below 5 mg/L for Class

SB water. Lowest concentration was pegged at 2.11 mg/L at Station 3.

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

Right Middle Left

Duyong-Tingib BeachPhosphate Concentration for CY 2020






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A 3-year comparative analysis was made for the Fecal Coliform concentration at Duyong-

Tingib Beach, wherein the graph below shows that the said waterbody conforms with the WQGV for

Class SB for 3-year period of monitoring. This manifest that the recreational water is generally safe

for contact recreation and other activities.

Figure 3. 9. 3-Year Comparative Annual Average Fecal Coliform Concentration for Duyong-Tingib Beach

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

Right Middle Left

Duyong-Tingib BeachDissolved Oxygen Concentrration for CY 2020



1

10

100

1000

10000

Pandan White Beach (Right) Pandan White Beach (Middle) Pandan White Beach (Left)

3-Year Annual Comparative of Duyong-Tingib Beachfor Fecal Coliform Concentration

2017 2019 2020 WQGV




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3.3 Tibiao River

Tibiao River has eight (8) identified stations, however water samples and analysis from the

four (4) stations upstream serves as baseline information of the water quality of the river. Efforts were

focused on the four (4) stations downstream as it is currently utilized for tourism activities such as

swimming, bathing, and kayaking. Tourism facilities as well as activities were observed to flourish in

these areas.

As observed in Table below, Annual Average Fecal Coliform concentration of Tibiao River

exceeds the minimum requirement of concentration for Class B water as set forth by the guideline

values.

Table 3. 3. Monitoring Results of Tibiao River for CY 2020

St Location

Parameters

Fecal Coliform, MPN/100ml Phosphate, mg/L DO, mg/L

Ave Min Max WQG Ave Min Max WQG Ave Min Max WQG

5 Bugtong Bato Falls-Tibiao

River Confluence 22,834 780 150,000 100 0.220 0.122 0.610 0.5 7.901 3.520 10.800 5

6 Brgy. Tuno Upstream 12,644 2,300 240,000 100 0.133 0.091 0.164 0.5 7.182 3.560 9.570 5

7 Brgy. Tuno Downstream 7,558 780 160,000 100 0.129 0.095 0.185 0.5 7.834 4.100 11.190 5

8 Botong, Brgy. Tigbaboy 6,162 780 35,000 100 0.124 0.089 0.169 0.5 7.851 4.670 10.540 5

St Location

Parameters



5 Bugtong Bato Falls-Tibiao River Confluence 25.254 22.320 27.150 26 – 30 6.880 3.920 8.660 6.5 – 8.5

6 Brgy. Tuno Upstream 25.177 22.340 29.250 26 – 30 6.901 3.910 8.600 6.5 – 8.5

7 Brgy. Tuno Downstream 24.865 22.400 27.160 26 – 30 6.862 3.900 8.590 6.5 – 8.5

8 Botong, Brgy. Tigbaboy 25.158 22.430 27.640 26 – 30 6.901 3.900 8.440 6.5 – 8.5

The figure below shows that all sampling events for CY 2020 did not conform to the Fecal

Coliform concentration for Class B water which is 100 MPN/100mL. The highest concentration

recorded was in Station 6 wherein it reached a concentration level of 240,000 MPN/100mL. This

station is a recipient of a small creek upstream as one of the tributaries of the main river. The tributary

runs through a community upstream where it was alleged that there are several backyard livestock

and poultry directly discharging wastewater to the waterways. In addition, agricultural run offs are also

among the contributor to the pollution load to the waterbody.

Further, lowest concentration was pegged at 780 MPN/100mL, however still exceed the

WQGV. High fecal coliform concentration may pose health hazards to those with primary contact with

the contaminated water, particularly to those with sensitive conditions.

It can be noted that no water sample was analyzed for Station 8 in July due to breakage of

sampling container during transport.




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The Station 5 is a confluence of the tributary from Bugtong-Bato Falls upstream and the main

river. The waterway also traverses the barangay proper where households clustered as well as

several agricultural lands upstream. Hence, these are assumed to be the sources of phosphate

pollution from discharges of laundry and washing in household level to agricultural runoff where farm

input may be washed away during rainy season and eventually end up in waterways.

However, it can be noted that concentration level for phosphate conforms with the WQGV

except for Station 5 in January. It slightly exceeds the guideline values of 0.5 mg/L for Class B water.

The highest concentration is 0.61 mg/L while the lowest concentration is 0.089 mg/L.

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

Bugtong Bato Falls-TibiaoRiver Confluence

Brgy. Tuno Upstream Brgy. Tuno Downstream Botong, Brgy. Tigbaboy

Tibiao RiverFecal Coliform Concentration for CY 2020






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The dissolved oxygen concentration for Tibiao River conforms with the WQGV for Class B

water. However, mostly in first quarter, the dissolved oxygen concentration falls below the minimum

requirement of 5 mg/L, while for the rest of the sampling events the concentration is above the same

value which is good indicator for aquatic organisms to thrive.


0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700



Tibiao RiverPhosphate Concentration for CY 2020



0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00



Tibiao RiverDissolved Oxygen Concentrration

for CY 2020






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Monitoring of Tibiao River commenced only on CY 2018, however, was deferred due to

closure and rehabilitation of Boracay. Hence, efforts were focused mostly in preparing and organizing

the host community. Activities such as the signing of Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) and issuance

of Executive Order by the Local Chief Executive of Tibiao for the creation of Local Project Site

Committee were among pursued in CY 2018. In addition, initial workshop for formulation of Action

Plan was undertaken involving the local stakeholders from the different sectors.

The graph below shows the 2-year comparative annual average of Fecal Coliform

concentration for Tibiao River wherein it exceeds the guideline values for Class B water.

Figure 3. 13. Comparative Annual Average Fecal Coliform Concentration for Tibiao River

3.4 Water Quality Index (WQI)

The water quality indexes for recreational waters were derived following the formula in the

Water Quality Index (1.0) User’s Manual developed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the

Environment (CCME). This index summarizes complex water quality data to provide convenient

means of communicating to general populace. The index incorporates three (3) elements namely:

Scope – the number of variables not meeting water quality objectives; Frequency – the number of

times these objectives are not met; and Amplitude – the amount by which the objectives are not met.

It likewise produces number between 0 to 100 which were divided into five (5) descriptive categories

as shown in the table below:

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000



2-Year Annual Comparative of Tibiao Riverfor Fecal Coliform Concentration

2019 2020 WQGV




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Table 3. 4. Descriptive Categories of Water Quality Index

Value Category Description

95 – 100 Excellent Water quality is protected with a virtual absence of threat or impairment;

conditions very close to natural or pristine levels.

80 – 94 Good Water quality is protected with only a minor degree of threat or

impairment; conditions rarely depart from natural or desirable levels.

65 – 79 Fair Water quality is usually protected but occasionally threatened or

impaired; conditions sometimes depart from natural or desirable levels.

45 – 64 Marginal Water quality is frequently threatened or impaired; conditions often

depart from natural or desirable levels.

0 – 44 Poor Water quality is almost always threatened or impaired; conditions usually

depart from natural or desirable levels.

3.4.1 Calculation of the Index

Based on the said manual, the calculation of WQI requires at least four variables,

sampled a minimum of four times. Below is the formula in deriving the water quality index.

Where:

F1 = Scope

F2 = Frequency

F3 = Amplitude

F1 = (No. Of failed variables / Total no. Of variables) x 100

F2 = (No. Of failed tests / Total no. Of tests) x 100

F3 is calculated in three steps:

When the test value must not exceed the objective:

Excursioni = (failedtestvaluei / Objectivej) – 1

When the test value must not fall below the objective:

Excursioni = (Objectivej / failedtestvaluei) – 1

Normalized Sum of Excursion

Nse = ∑𝑛

𝑖=1

𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑠

F3 = 𝑛𝑠𝑒

0.01𝑛𝑠𝑒+0.01

WQI = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − (√𝑭𝟏𝟐+𝑭𝟐𝟐+ 𝑭𝟑𝟐

𝟏.𝟕𝟑𝟐)




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The divisor 1.732 normalizes the resultant values to a range between 0 and

100, where 0 represents the “worst” water quality and 100 represents the “best”

water quality.

3.4.2 WQI Results

Table 3. 5. WQI of Malumpati – Bugang River

Station WQI Category

1 41.76 Poor

2 38.88 Poor

3 29.93 Poor

4 27.88 Poor

Average 34.61

POOR - Water quality is almost

always threatened or impaired;

conditions usually depart from

natural or desirable levels.

Table 3. 6. Duyong – Tingib Beach


1 60.63 Marginal

2 60.53 Marginal

3 70.29 Fair

Average 63.82

MARGINAL - Water quality is

frequently threatened or impaired;

conditions often depart from natural

or desirable levels.

Table 3. 7. Tibiao River


1 18.30 Poor

2 28.98 Poor

3 26.88 Poor

4 30.19 Poor

Average 26.09

POOR - Water quality is almost

always threatened or impaired;

conditions usually depart from

natural or desirable levels.




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4.0 Conclusion and Recommendations

Based on the above results, the waterbodies fail to comply with the minimum water quality

guidelines for the recreational waters, especially the Malumpati-Bugang River and Tibiao River.

Hence, this needs immediate and long-term action to abate contamination of the waterbodies from

different sources. Likewise, public and stakeholders should be informed of the status of the

waterbodies to protect public health as well as draw support in the management of the said

waterbodies.

For Malumpati-Bugang River, it is highly recommended to reclassify Station 1 as Class B from

Class A since this is within the stretch of the rubber tubing area, a recreational activity. It is also

recommended to add additional stations in the headspring, midstream and mouth of the river.

In addition, it is highly recommended to come up with a policy either adopting the CCME’s

method in determining the Water Quality Index (WQI) or come up with a method of determining the

WQI which highly applicable to Philippine setting. This will aid local implementers in conveying

messages to local stakeholders in relation to the water quality status of a specific waterbody as the

index is straightforward to comprehend in layman’s point of view.

Prepared and submitted by: Noted by:

VOPHI E. PENDON RIZZA DAPHET C. CATAGUE

GIS Specialist Unit Head, AWQM Unit

Recommending approval: Approved by:

NERISA T. MANDARIO ENGR. RONALD E. LIMUA

Chief, AMS OIC-Chief, EMED




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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. 2001. Canadian water quality guidelines for

the protection of aquatic life: CCME Water Quality Index 1.0, User’s Manual. In: Canadian

environmental quality guidelines, 1999, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment,

Winnipeg.

DENR Administrative Order No. 2016-08. Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent

Standards of 2016.

DENR-EMB (2008). Water Quality Monitoring Manual, Volume 1: Manual on Ambient Water Quality

Monitoring

EMB Memorandum Circular No. 006, Series of 2015. Guidelines for Recreational Waters

Monitoring Program

Environmental Protection Agency (2020). Standards for Water Body Health, updated on May 21,

2020. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/standards-water-body-health/what-are-water-

quality-standards

ESRI (undated). Arcmap [GIS Software]. Version 10.0. Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems

Research Institute, Inc. 2010.

Kobocollect. Open source Software [Mobile Application]. Retrieved from Google Play Store on

January 2020

Kobotoolbox at the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative. Kobotoolbox Form [Online Application].

Retrieved from https://www.kobotoolbox.org/#home on January 2020.

Magtibay, B. (2006). Philippine Regulations on Sanitation and Wastewater Systems (International

Edition). Biosphere Environment and Health Systems Series Volume 2. Retrieved from

https://www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/pcws_philippine_regulations_on_sanitation_and_wa

stewater_systems_2006.pdf

Openstreetmap© contributors. Open Street Map Geographic Information System.

https://www.openstreetmap.org/

PSA 2015 Census. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved at https://psa.gov.ph.

RA 9275: The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004. Retrieved from https://emb.gov.ph/wp-

content/uploads/2015/09/RA-9275.pdf on June 2018.

https://www.epa.gov/standards-water-body-health/what-are-water-quality-standards

https://www.epa.gov/standards-water-body-health/what-are-water-quality-standards

https://www.kobotoolbox.org/#home

https://www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/pcws_philippine_regulations_on_sanitation_and_wastewater_systems_2006.pdf

https://www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/pcws_philippine_regulations_on_sanitation_and_wastewater_systems_2006.pdf

https://www.openstreetmap.org/

https://psa.gov.ph/

https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/RA-9275.pdf%20on%20June%202018

https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/RA-9275.pdf%20on%20June%202018




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ANNEX “A” – Land Cover Maps

Figure A. 1. Land Cover Map of Malumpati-Bugang River, Pandan, Antique




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Figure A. 2. Land Cover Map of Duyong-Tingib Beach, Pandan, Antique




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Figure A. 3. Land Cover Map of Tibiao River, Tibiao, Antique




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ANNEX “B” – Photo-documentation of Recreational Waters

Figure B. 1. Boats docked at Station 3 of Malumpati-Bugang River, Pandan, Antique

Figure B. 2. Weir creating the Malumpati Health Spring Pool (Station 2)




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Figure B. 3. Floating Cottage at Blue Wave Resort at Station 5 of Tibiao River, Tibiao, Antique

Figure B. 4. Confluence of Bugtong-Bato Falls and Tibiao River, Tibiao, Antique

Documents

2.2. WATERBODY CLASSIFICATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL …