22 BOSTON SUNDAY POST. MARCH 18, 1900.

»Astounding Electrical Discoveries ÊMade by Thomas B. Kinraide of Jamaica

Remarkable Discoveries in X-Rays and Wireless Telegraphy.

Every Day of His Work Endangers His Life.

Results Attained Will Attract the Attention of Scientists the World Over.

- r. Y (Copyrighted. 1900. by Thomas B. Kinraide.)P L A T E : i.^Nfcgaftlve e lectr ic ity In Its pure form , uninfluenced. I t u n v a ry in g ly a ssu m e s th is fern -llk *

:rfru'<iii)?e,'when dL charged 'in to th e air. H ere the d isch a rg e w a s m ade to p h otograp h itse lf upon a s e n -i>latp,, . '

(Photo by Hostings.)THOMAS BURTON KINRAIDE.

(Copyrighted, 1900, by Thomas B. Kinraide.) ’, '•T »rr-m t t —T h e fe r n -lik e ra y s a re n eg a tiv e . T h e fea th ery , c lo u d y r a y s sh o w th e u n vary in g a p p ea r a n c e ■ P L A T E u . A n it iv e d ischarge. T h is is w h a t Mr. K in r a id e c a lls an e lectrograph . N o cam eraassu m ed by th e p o s it iv e d ischarge,

w a s used . .

Th^re i? a m an In J a m a ica P la in w ho Is s ix to ten inch es in len gth , is supported In dan ger pf -.becoming one o f th e m o st upon a delica te stem from one to three fa m o u s sc ien tis ts In th e world. H is inches long, the plum e a pale v io le t color, neighb ors don’t know it; th e gT eat public | the .«tern th e v iv .d w h ite o f th e .e lec tr ich a sn ’t' th e lea s t su sp icion o f it. O nly a few brother sc ie n tis ts ha v e found him out. Som e o f the. m arvellou s resu lts of h is y e a rs o f p a tien t experim en tin g are to ld ';th e public for the first tim e into d a y 's . Post-

Scisptfe, urilixe m ost .things e lse, m akes fa m o u s , ip . a s in g le .Id ay. such o f her d ev o tees a s sh e d e ig n s to grant a p lace in th e roll o f her. chosen- ones. L ong years o f p a tien t effort, o f w ork ing in the dark, o f seek in g a fter e lu siv e know ledge, m ay be f u t i le Manjr a m an know s th a t to h is sorrow , but thoy m ay end in a suddeh, d azzlin g burst o f rad iance th at sh a ll leave a halo round a mart’s head for th e rest

spark.T hu s far Mr. K in raide h a s failed) to

persuade th is form to appear upon the se n s itiv e p late. I t is In no w a y affected by the p la te ’s presence, com pletely ig ­noring it, excep t to fo g th e p late w h ere it p asses through it. Only by u sin g th e n eg a tiv e e lectr ic ity in con tro llin g it h a s lie succeeded in photographing: m odifica­tions o f th is form .

T he h a lf-ton e reproduction on th ispage m arked “n eg a tiv e e lectr ic ityin its pure form , un influenced ,”is one o f a va luab le ser ies o f pictures of the n eg a tiv e current. T he first p la te in the series sh o w s ju st one

force, but h a v e n o t h ith erto seen it in such a w ay a s to be m oved to adm iration . N o w th a t th e opportunity is presen ted to you to see th is force em bodied In its tru e form , incarnated , a s it w ere, and’ revealed to your eyes, you w ill not only kn ow it better, but w ill g iv e to It the sincere ap­preciation th a t m ost cer ta in ly is its due.”

' eliIn securing th e se e lectrographs th e e lec ­trical current Is m ade to d ischarge from a sphere. Som etim es it happens th a t th e sphere a ttra c ts to itse lf e lectr ic ity from th e air. T hen th ere are Inward d is­charges. T h is crea tes th e m o st In terest­ing ph enom ena o f all. T he P o st p la te num bered 3, w hich is a section of a large p late , sh o w s the form ation o f th e Inw ard discharge. It is seen to be both p o sitiv e and negative. T he ligh t, tr ian gu lar sp ot h a s a t the base o f th e tr ian g le th e ou t-

o f h is natu ral life and a s long a s hum an i frond or fern lesif s ta r tin g from the kn ow led ge sh a ll be sou gh t a fter . cen tre The second sh ow s tw o or three,

T h e con c lu siv e grasp o f som e law in i a n 1 t ,ie su cceed .n g p la tes «how eac i a n a tu re th a t n o-on e before has ever b e e n greater num ber o f fronds until th e p erfect able to fathom ra ises a m an in a day , a s num ber seen in the p late here is found, soon a s It - becom es know n, from a In the printing of each p late th e cur- humb'le, ordinary c itizen to a position o f *■

; .

Î* ‘ I

a d m itted ly abso lu te pow er in h is particu ­la r field o f investigation .. E dison, H arvey, F a ra d a y , H erschel. M arconi, becam e fa m o u s in a day. T he world took no note during their y ea rsm f patient research . It recked.,not o f sleep less n igh ts , o f repeated fa ilu res, o f heroic perseverance. B ut w h e« of.a. m orning it w oke and heard the n e w * m arvellou s resu lts obtained, th en th e world bowred its head in adm ira­tion o f th e m an w h o se nam e the day before it had never heard.

T o th é fam ou s tr io o f nam es so n otab ly a sso c ia ted w ith the developm ent o f e lec ­tr ica l app liances, Edison^ T esla , M arconi, it seem s ¿that a .'fqufth should bè added, and th is one, happily , th a t o f a B oston m an, T hom as B. JCinraide of Jam aica Plajifb. Mr,,. K inraide h im se lf is n o t seek ­in g tha h o n o r . .. .O n the contrary, he sh r in k s’ in an ex cep tio n a l degree front publie n o to r iety ; but i f th e pred ictions of th o se w ho ough t to know com e true. Mr. K ln raide's a ch iev em en ts can n ot fa il to m sk e him fam ou s th e w orld over.

Mr. K in raide is a you n g m an, but he h a s ’su cceed ed in doing severa l th in g s th a t nobody e lse h a s ever done. F or one th in g , h e h a s sUdcee'dëd In photographing p o sitiv e and n eg a tiv e e lectr ic ity , and has discovered th a t each h a s its ind ividual and u n v a ry in g form . H e h a s invented a n ew and pow erfu l form of tra n sm itter to be used in w ire less te legrap hy, from w h ich be h a s obtained unprece­dented resu lts. H e h a s Invented an ew form o f Induction coil and h as sh o ’frn its p ractica l v a lu e by Itsu se in h is ap p aratu s for X -r a y ph otog­raphy, w hich is th e m o st v a lu ab le ever • e t UP- B esides, a ll th is, h e h a s conducted exp erim en ts a long other sc ien tific lines, and h a s m ade a se t o f in stru m en ts th at w llL g tea su re over 100,000 sound v ibration s

^It^seeqa* incredible th a t a m an w ho ha? alrepdy; accom p lish ed so m uch sh ould be ao H ttl* known- B u t th e reason for it l ie s in a erera l ca u ses. One o f th ese is th a t -M r. K in ra id e i s an exceed in gly m od est an d eq u a lly q u iet m an; anoth er is th a t he h a s a lw a y s had am ple m ean s a t h is command, so that, he h a s not been ob lig ed to w ork from a com m ercial staiidpotftt, w h ile s t ill a third reason is th a t h is experim en ts h a v e a lw a y s been carried on 1« °?vn house and com p a ra tiv e ly few people ha v e know n any th in g about them .H O W JBE H A S M ADE ELEC T R IC ITY

T A K E IT S O W N P IC T U R EMr. K in raide ts not the first m an who

h a s succeeded in photographing e lee- tricUy^ jqui h e th e first m an w ho has teen ftblit to ^ q cu re separate p ictures of he positive a n d 4he n eg a tiv e , and thus

determ ine the shkpe o f each . H is périm ent* a lon g t h i s 'Jipe—in m aking c tr lc ity .p h otograp h .-; itse lf—electro phtng, he c a lls it, began «bout four

y e lr s ago. T h e resu lts are not on ly of fhtft g rea te st scien tific va lue — th ey are m a rvellou sly beautifu l a s w ell

In th is w ork no cam era is used. T he e lectr ic fluid Is m ade to print it* own p ic tu re on ordinary sen sitiv o p lates. And th e picture* It print* are wonder* of g ra ce fu l design ing. N eg a tiv e e lectr ic ity he* in variab ly - th e e x q u is ite fern -shaped appearance sh ow n it. the h a lf-to n e re­production on th is page. Mr. K inraideÎ escribes this as ftltstform, that being the

,itln word meaning fern-shaped. Posi­tivo electricity has a well-defined feath­ery appearance, which ia more readily noticed whan the plcturaa are enlarged.

Strictly apeak I ng, the poaltlve ia form- leaa as comparad with the complicated ferm of the negative. It* appearance 1* that of a cloud, plume-like, very similar te the eat talla of the long-leaved

flag. This pluma varying from

cacy o f the app aratu s perm its the am ount o f the d ischarge to be regu lated . T his g racefu l and b eau tifu l fern sh ape is, Mr. K inraide b elieves, the natural form of n eg a tiv e e lectr ic ity w h en ever it is d is­charged in to the air and is uninfluenced. To the ordinary m an it is a surprise to be told that e lectr ic ity h a s an y defined shape. B u t th a t it has, Mr. K ln raide’s

n o w se ttled a lm o st in to a conviction , but Mr. K in raide is u n w illin g y e t to form u­la te it for public u tteran ce.

T h e theory o f th e natu re o f e lectr ic ity , a s now a ccep ted by th e m ost reputable sc ien tis ts , is th a t it is e ith er a s in g le fluid or a dual one. T he supporters or the form er v iew cla im th a t so -ca lled n eg a tiv e e lec tr ic ity is but th e w ith d raw al or a b sen ce o f th e p o sitiv e or real e lectr ic ity . Mr. K inraide is co n ­v in ced th a t h is ph otograp h ing e x ­p erim ents are to se ttle th is m uch debated q uestion once and for all. H e be lieves th a t th ey w ill even do m ore th a n this, th a t th ey w ill g iv e sc ien tis ts su ch a c lear k n ow led ge o f th e n atu re and character or th is m ig h ty force th a t stu d y o f e lectr ica l develop m en t on a ll lin es w ill be rendered v a s t ly m ore in te llig ib le . In th is w a y h is w ork, w hich m igh t seem a t first g la n ceg ___

sh o o tin g o f th e ch a ra cteristic fern Plik e th e p astim e or hobby o f a m an o f leisu re, n eg a tiv e e lectr ic ity . From its d irection w m fiaVe a d istin ctly p ractica l andit can be seen th a t th is is sh o o tin g in to ­w ards the sphere. A t th e ap ex o f th e tr ia n g le is the plum ous positive . Som e­how the tw o m erge or are un ited in th e tr ian gu lar space.

W herever th ese tr ia n g les are foundthere is the sam e arrangem ent, th e nega ti ve em ergin g from th e base, th e p o sitiv e from the apex.

T his particu lar form o f e lec tr ica l p h e

com -m ercial character, and prove o f in estim a ­ble va lue to the public a t large.

F A IL U R E S B E F O R E SUCCESS.I t could not be exp ected th a t th ese re­

m arkable e lectrograp h s w ould b e secured un til a fte r repeated a ttem p ts. “T h ese beau tifu l and p erfec t p la tes do n ot te ll th e sto ry o f m y m an y fa ilu res,” sa id Mr.

. _ K inraide, “ but I h a v e a s ta c k o f spoilednom ena h a s never before been seen —t h a t t n eg a tiv es b ig enou gh to m ak e a green- Is. th e ju n ctu re o f th e p ositiv e and n e g a - ; house. D isap p o in tin g fa ilu res in secur- tiv e e lec tr ic itie s b a se -to base. T h is ju n c- inir photograp hs w ere not, how ever, m y ture h a s a lw a y s been hidden in th e ap - on ly one«. 1 had first to co n stru ct m y paratus in w h ich th e e lectr ica l ch arge apparatus. A fter I had d iscovered the w a s developed, o n ly the outer, f e r n -l ik e , secret o f th e flat-diac c t l l I w a s forn eg a tiv e and plum ous p o sitiv e h av in g been v isib le.

T h is a lone con ta in s a w orld o f rev e la -

w eek s a t th e m ercy o f th e condenser. W hen I had m ade th a t sa t is fa c to ry I found th at th e ord inary oil in su la tion used in high v o lta g e ap p aratu s w ould not stan d the enorm ous stra in . T hen I had to w ork for a lo n g tim e be­fore I h it upon ju st th is com bination of rosin and b eesw a x th a t I now use. T hen I had to learn th e process o f develop in g m y p la tes , a s I could not wa.lt to have them sen t out to a photograp her.”

T his e lectro g ra p h in g ap p aratu s Is en ­tire ly unique. T here is not an oth er lik e It in th e world. I t contro ls a h igh er v o lt­a g e for the q u a n tity th an an y other in ­stru m en t s*0' far m ade, th is be ing ren ­d e r e d possib le by the new flat di*c coil w hich is Mr. K in raide’s m ost va lu ab le in ­vention . T his co n sists o f No. 34 w ire w ound co n cen trica lly In ab ou t 1900 turns and m ak in g a d isc about tw e lv e inches in d iam eter. T h is form o f coll w ill. Mr. K in raide is confident, supp lant the R um - koff cell in a ll k inds o f e lectr ica l app li­a n ces used' in h igh v o lta g e w ork. It w ill ea s ily w ith sta n d a pressu re under w h ich th e R um koff coil sp lin ters to atom s.

T he b ea u tifu lly polished b rass sphere from w hich the cu rrent d ischarges su r­m ou n ts th e app aratu s. U pon It th e sen ­s it iv e p la te is ca re fu lly balapced. W hen th e current is broken th e sp here becom es a ball o f intensified ligh t. T he n egative e lectr ic ity sh o o ts ou t Its gracefu l, qu iver­ing fronds in pale, de lica te v io le t, w h ile th e heavier, p lum ous p ositiv e g lo w s w ith

m ore brilliant In tensity , still v io le t in tinge. Som etim es th ese gorgeou s d isp lays sh oot out in to the air to a len gth of tw o or three feet. Som etim es th ey are much shorter. T he len gth depends som ew h at upon th e size o f the sphere used.

Mr. K inraide h a s used sp h eres from one to e ig h t inches in diam eter- H e has s e ­cured the b est resu lts from the five and six -in ch sp heres. W ith th e large on es he u ses th e largest, size p la tes, 18x22 inches. A record is kept o f th e e x a c t cond itions under w h ich every p la te is secured. T his record is q u ite a s va luab le a s the p lates, and fu rn ish es a key. a s it w ere, to the

v a r io u s p lH num tna p h o lo .m p h ^ ' i n j ^ r p r o d i c u l a r 1 wl r e wa s

Ilf?;.. M a S v f AStthl. -'„V r SkT’W SffM f ™h e w ill probably Issue a t no v ery th a t obtained under th e recen t tr ia ls a td a y . In th e m eantim e, h e m ak es no S* B lue H ill O bservatory, w h ich w ere carried cret o f h is work, and in on under th e a u sp ices o f the Sm ithson ianreferred to 'he exp la in ed qu ite iu n y m e .con stru ction and w ork ing o f h is appara- , ^ e s e ’ three in stru m en ts m ade by Mr. tusi , [K in ra ide , th e e lectro g ra p h in g m achine

H IS X -R A Y A P P A R A T U S . I th e X -ra y app aratu s and th e p erfec tedMr. K in raide ha* applied th e ¿ o j ia n c e rem arkab le E ffic ien cy1 to the° arran gem ent

o f th e fla t-d lsc coll to an X -r a y Qf th e secon d ary ind uction coil. T h isw ith rem arkab ly sa tis fa c to ry resu lts. _evr 8jm pie invention seem s destin ed to revo- eral o f h is X -ra y in stru m en ts are In u se lu tjonjze one departm en t—and th a t a in th is c ity , one in th e M a ssa ch u se tts m oat lm portan t o n e —o f h ig h v o lta g e elec*G eneral H osp ita l and one in the C hil- tr ioity'. J u st how g rea t Its .va lu e w ill u l- dren’s H osp ita l. In both th e se in stltu - t |m aj-ejy becom e no one is y e t able to fore- t lo n s th e operators and p h y sic ia n s sp eak geem o st e n th u sia stica lly o f th e resu lts o b - . w /vw rw rnnrrT t a T t O T tATDRYtained. Severa l prom inent p h y sic ia n s o f ! A W O N D E R F U L LABO RA TO R Y,th e c itv are a lso u sin g them in the ir p r i- | T he in v en to r o f th e se w on derfu lly deli-v a te practice. T hey are v a lu ab le n ot on ly ; c a te and se n s itiv e m a ch in es is n o t y e t in rad iograp h ing in stru m en ts, but, on a c - 3s y ea rs o f a ge . H e is n o t a la rg e m an, count of their ex trem e v o lta g e control, a s y e t bu ilt w ith th e figure o f an ozone generators. 1 I t w ould be difficu lt to And ^ Y w h e r e a

T h e e lectr ic ity by w h ich th ese m ach in es q u ieter person. H e h a s th e b la ck est o f are operated is th e d irect or a l- h a ir and ey es . T here is a reserve pow er tern a tin g current o f th e com m ercia l abou t h im th a t com m an ds respect, and e lec tr ic ity o f th e c ity . A m a- a s soon a s h e beg in s to sp ea k one lis ten s ch ine fo r th e a lter n a tin g cu rrent h a s been in vo lu n tarily . w w a M * incom pleted th is w eek in Mr. K in raide’s lab - J a P o st reporter found Mr. K inraide in o ratory for th e T rov (N. Y.) H osp ita l. Mr. h is laboratory one d a y th is w eek . Mr.K in ra ide w ill person a lly s e t i t up t h e r e , K in raide cou ld n o t be induced to ta laand s ta r t i t in operation . about h im self, a lth o u g h w ith cord ial

T h e X -r a y p icture o f Mr. K in ra id e » c o u r t e s y h e w a s v e ilin g to ta lk about the hand in th e p la te num bered 4 w a s ta k en g rea t sc ien ce in w h ich h e is^ s o m uch by one o f th ese in stru m en ts. T he ex p os- in terested . H e a llow ed th e reporter tqure la sted le s s than one second. T he v is it h is laboratory and to see the won defin ition w ith and w ith o u t a screen is d erfu l photograp hs he h a s m ade, show n. N o su ch p erfect defin ition h a s T h is laboratory Is one o f th e m ost per-ev er before been secured in th e sa m e fe e tly equipped in th e country. E v erylen g th o f tim e. T he p la te w a s an ordinary app liance th a t could possib ly oestan dard p la te and no esp ecia l r a in s w a s needed is a t hand. i t is tn e --- __ - — __ --------ta k en In develop in g it. I f an esp ec ia lly w orkshop o f a m an o f sc ien ce th in g p ra ctica lly im possib le for a n y o n e

- - - v * ■ ■ * J - - rpw» u tm o st I to realize. A fter rece iv in g tw o or th r e e

In th e sa m e fa sh io n . Tt i s , v e ry la rg e and h ig h studded . A b rillian t Are o f cd a ls g lo w s in th e g rate . No' ray' o f su n lig h t can pen etra te th is fa n ta s t ic room , but a t th e . touch o f a button it can be flooded w ith b r illia n t ligh t.

T h is is, perhaps, th e fa n cy o f a m an o f scien ce. I t is c er ta in ly a m ost in terestin g room. H ere Mr. K in raide tftkes th e won-* derful e lectrographs, w h ich a re su re ’ tffc m ake him fam ous. H ere, too, he h a s a ■ lan tern for th ro w in g on a screen and- stu d y in g th e p late» photographed .

Mr. K inraide, th u s fo r tu n a te ly en ­vironed. can w ork w ith tra n q u illity a lo n g th e lin e o f h is ch osen profession , n o t caring w h eth er th e w orld p a y s an y a tten r tion to him or no. H e does n ot ev en a d v ertise th e X -ra y m ach in e w h ich ho has m ade, and w h ich is so v a lu ab le . “T here Is no need o f m y doing so ,” h e sa y s . “I f a person is in search o f an ap­p a ra tu s for X -r a y w ork h e w ill m ake in ­qu iries and n ot be sa tisfied u n til he finds th e beyt th ere Is. N a tu ra lly a m an’s In­v e st ig a tio n s w ould lead him to B oston.i w h ich seem s to be a cen tre for th le w ork .”H IS E X P E R IM E N T S E N D A N G E R H IS

L IF E .One w ou ld n o t su sp ect from th e q u iet

m anner in w h ich Mr. K in ra id e ta lk s about h is e lectr ica l ex p erim en ts th a t v e ry m uch o f h is w ork is carried on under th e m ost dan gerous condition«. B u t a s a m a tter o f fa c t h e has sev era l tim es bare­ly escaped e lectro cu tin g h im self. H e fre ­q u en tly rece iv es e lectr ica l discharge*, and his hands shciw the m ark s In th e ir sea red flesh.

“T he nervous stra in under w h ich t h is w ork is carried on," h e said , "is so m e -

prepared X -r a y p la te had neen used it is probable th a t a m uch c learer defin ition w ould h a v e been secured

m e c u a u u u . ,, v,.. . . .----- --- .o f th e c lev erest m en .n tn e country in

& Z 3 S L 's u s s ¿ s s r e r j s s R !exp erim en tin g w i l l ,be in th e lin e o f w ire- j »re hi co n sta n t m otion. A . ^ T hereone for th e 560 com m ercia l v o lt and one

»p — _ .rather th a n o f an a r tisan . T h e . --------n e a tn e ss and order prevail, end no*, a d isch arges I am un able to w ork fo r A sp eck o f du st is to he d isc »vered. Mr. considerable tim e. T hen th e fascination . K inraide h a s in h is em ploy sev era l ?xn»ed ) Qf th e w ork com es on m e aga in ] I s im p ly

can n o t st< possession on .“

» . T m T T . v ^ T!.riT> wTWTPTirRS K inraide h a s in h is em ploy sev era l sa in ea j Df the w ork com es on m e a g a in : I s lm n lyA N E W A P P L IA N C E F O R W IR E L E S S . m ech an ics. H is m aster w orkm an is o n o - ca n n o t stop. I t is so m eth in g th a t take*

T E L E G R A P H Y . o f th e c lev erest m en *n the country in p o s s e s s i o n o f one and im pels h im to g o

le ss te legrap hy. H is new co il Is d estined to revo lu tion ize th e app aratu s now u»eu for m aking exp erim en ts in th is d epart­m en t o f e lectr ica l sc ien ce . H * h a s a l­ready dem onstrated th is to h is en tire sa tisfa c tio n , and a s soon a s he is ab le to d iscon tin u e h is e lectrograp h in g w ork he in ten d s to d evote h im se lf e x h a u stiv e ­ly to p erfec tin g h is w ireless te legrap h y d’ev iees. H e ex p ects to begin w ork a long th is line during th e com ing sum m er.

A lread y he h a s tra n sm itted sig n a ls over sh ort d ista n ces w ith su rp risin g re­su lts . H is experim en ts so fa r h a v e been w ith th e te legrap h ing d ev ice used w ith w ires in lectu re halls. W ith th is appli-

eao h fo r th e 220, th e 110 a n d *he ¿0-volt c u r re n t . B eside? th is d ire c t c u r re n t M r. K in ra id e m a k e s u se o f la rg e s to ra g e b a t ­te r ie s to fu rn ish h im w ith th e in te rm e ­d ia te v o lta g e s , so t h a t h e c a n u se a v o lt­a g e fro m z e ro up to a n in d efin ite n u m b er.

T o look a t th e o u ts id e o f th is r e m a r k ­ab le la b o ra to ry one w o u ld n e v e r su s p e c t i t s c h a r a c te r . “ R a v e n s c ro f t , w h ic h is th e n a m e o f th e h o u se , lo o k s lik e th e re s id en c e o f a w e a lth y m an . T h e re is 110 h in t th a t it is th e w o rk sh o p o f a g re a t

B u t a s one s te p s on to th ee l e c t r i c i a n . — - v - _ .b ro a d p iazza a n d p u lls th e bell h is e a r

arvce” v e t w i th o u t e v en a p e rp e n d ic u la r 1 c a tc h e s a t once th e buzz in g so u n d w ith in , n r t ’ a io u iid w ire h e h t s s e n t l l g n a l s T h en h e k n o w s th a t th e re is so m e th in g w ith jaerfect^ e a se fro m Yhe ceU ar o ! h i s ! b e sid es an a f ‘m o o n t « o n g o ^ n s i d e .

T h l l 6 p e rh a p s ° s e e m ^ a lm p lJ ,° ° b u t“iS i e n th e * M t 'o f th e f ro n t e n tr a n c e is g iven up U is re m e m b e re d X a t t h ? h o u se is fi led I to th e la b o ra to r ie s , th e h o u se b e in g sp e -

ta g e s fro m 20 to 650, w ith d y n a m o s In c o n s ta n t m o tio n an d w ith s to ra g e b a t ­te r ie s in n u m e ra b le , i t c a n be seen th a t fo r a n e le c tr ic a l im p u lse to be s e n t th ro u g h th e v a r io u s floors a n d to e sc ap e th e p o w e rfu l a t t r a c t io n s s u r ro u n d in g It a n d be re co rd e d by th e re ce iv in g a p p a r ­a tu s Is fu ll o f s ig n ifican ce . As y e t, M r. K in ra id e h a s n o t u sed co d e s ig n a ls , b u t h e p ro p o ses to do so in h is fo r th c o m in g e x p e r im e n ts .

H e h a s h a d e q u a l su c c e ss in t r a n s ­m it t in g e le c tr ic a l im p u lse s fro m h is la b o ra to ry to a h o u se a t p e rh a p s a

A t th er ig h t. In f ro n t. Is M r. K ln ra id e 's p r iv a te office, h u t le a d in g fro m th e sm a ll tiled h a llw a v b e tw een Is a second h a ll o p en in g in to th e re s id e n tia l p a r t o f th e ho u se .

Up fro m th is in n e r h a ll le a d s th e b ro ad st a ir w av to th e w ide p a r lo r s above.

M r. K in ra ld e 's “ d a rk room , w h e re he m a k e s h is p h o to g ra p h s . Is in th e ce lla r. I t is th e m o s t in te re s t in g room possib le to im ag in e. A ccess to i t is by m e a n s o f a d a rk s ta irw a y lea d in g fro m th e office. T h is s ta ir w a v is p an e lled In b e a u ­t ifu l ly p o lish ed o a k a n d s o f t ly e a r - p e ted . T h e ro o m i ts e l f Is f itte d

(C opyrigh t«<1, 1900, by th o m n » B. Kinraide.)X -ra y picture taken in le s s th an one seco n d ’s exposure, sh o w in g the definition

secured both w ith and w ith ou t screen . T h is g iv es th e c learest definition in th e sh o rtest tim e so far secured. ^ '

tion, w h ich Mr. K luraide believes is the key w hich w ill unlock m any of the nty«* terles h itherto a ssocia ted w ith e lectr ic ity .

It w ill h a v e particu lar va lu e In the u lti­m ate conclusion a t w hich Mr. K inraide

p ictures un qu estion ably prove.In a recen t lecture before a body of

sc ien tis ts at the M a ssach u setts In stitu te o f T ech nology Mr. K inraide, in referring to th is, said:

“ I tru st th a t X w ill n o t be too severe ly condem ned for havin g becom e in fatuated w ith the b eauty th a t th is w ork has pre­sen ted to m e. N o w ords th at I can use can ex p ress the grace and splendor th a t th ese form s reveal. To m e It has been a revelation o f a world b ea u tifu l, hidden hitherto and unknow n.

“T hese beautifu l sh a p es are th e true sym b ols o f e lectr ic ity , and in tim e to com e I sin cere ly tru st that when we see e lectr ic ity sym bolised it w ill e ith er be a figure hold ing th ese fronds or th s fronds th em se lv ss .

“I cannot but feel that th* artist will welcome the«* photographs a* studies that cannot b* found elsewhere.

“We have «11 experienced a feeling ef awe when dealing with thle peculiar

and he is not w illing to com m it h im self to any sta tem en t as to w hat tne p la tes already secured show in regard to tne nature o f e lectr ic ity . H e does adm it, how ever, th at the theory w hich is form ­ing in h i p m ind, and w h ich these pic­ture? arc. one a fter another, confirm ing him in, is one th a t h a s never been put

f forward. It is qu ite different from the ‘ theories so far accepted by scien tific pnen

in regard to the nature ot thl? wonderful force.

It is not desired in saving thta to cla im th a t Mr. Kinraide had a ^con ceived theory and that he Is proving It. It istheory and that he Is provimf more correct to say that a th been forming In his mind du years

I^ ^ ^ S H yT n aT T T B eory has■ ■ V l n his mind during the e has been carrying on this line

U nder the constan t reco g n itio n o f th e ever im m inent dan ger to w h ich h e I» su bject, a curiou s and h ig h ly in te re stin g m uscular contraction h a s developed itse lf In Mr. K in raide’s arm s. T h is co n tra c- . tion. w h o lly invo lun tary , is con tro lled undoubtedly by th e n erv es o f th e sy m ­p a th etic sy stem . It h a s been th * m ean* o f sa v in g Mr. K in raide’s life on m ora than one occasion . I t is an InfttlncUv* m ovem ent w h ich leads him to draw a w a y his arm s from the Instrum ent he Is w ork ­ing w ith during th e tw o or th ree seco n d s before the force o f th e current, w hich he recogn izes Is com ing, rea ch es him . It is a m ovem ent w hich take« p laco m ore q u ick ly th an It cohid be contro lled b y thought.

T h is w ould form an in terestin g stu d y for th e p sy ch o lo g ist and n eu ro log ist. Upon it Mr. K in raide depend s fo r h ts sa fe ty . ,

It Is. perhaps, u n n ecessa ry ♦* sa y th a t Mr. K inraide is both a m an o f l im it le s s

Satien ce and o f great m ech a n ica l Ability, [ad he not been the form er, he Wofildi

never have devoted h im se lf so c o n sta n tlv to h is w ork a s to seoure the results he ha« secured: had lie not been th e la t te r , he could never have con structed th é ap p li­a n ces th a t have enabled him to reach th e front rank am ong e lectr ica l in v estig a to rs .

Som e o f th e m ost w id ely kn ow n scien ­t is ts o f th is c ity sp eak in m o st cordial term s o f th e rem arkab le a ch iev em en ts o f Mr. K inraide.

P ro fesso r C ross o f th e In st itu te o f T ech ­nology sa y s : “ Mr. K in ra id e’s photograph* * at the e lectr ic spark are cer ta in ly th e m ost rem arkab le ev er obtained. H e h a s any am ou n t o f in v en tiv e gen iu s, and Is a n excep tio n a lly sk ilfu l m echanic. I co n ­sider h is X -ra y screen the b est m ade. Som e o f h is w ork in acou stics , too, h a s gone beyond th a t done by an y other In­v estig a to r . I am told th a t h is X -r a y m a­ch ine Is th e b est that h a s y e t been m ade. H is new form o f Induction coll is cer­ta in ly very in terestin g . About its app li­ca tion to w ire less te legrap hy I do n o t know , because I have not in v estig a ted It. Mr. K in raide Is an ex ceed in g ly m odest m an. H is lecture g iv en here before the Society o f A rts could not have been m ore m odestly g iv en ,”

Dr. (?. L. N orton spoke o f Mr. K in raidea s " a n e a r n e s t an d cap a b le e x p e r im e n te r a n d a m a n o f d ign ified s ta n d in g a m o n g th e p ro fe s s io n a l s c ie n t is ts o f B o s to n .” H ea n d a m a n o f d ign ified s tu n am ong

(Ctapjrrtfhtsd, 1900, by Thome* B. Kinraide.) ,FLATB III.—Enlarged section, showing Inward discharge o f s l e c t r l c l t y f r o m t h s air t o ™ -** •ph*r*' . „ í *

•hcwtlng from the bae* of the whit* trtengle are negative. The filmy» feathery pfrtion at the apex is positive. There la a union of tha two In th* triangle Itself. \

a lso referred to th e va r io u s lin es o f in ­v estig a tio n in w h ich Mr. K inraide h a d gone deeper than any o th er experim en ter.

O T H E R IN V E ST IG A T IO N S.

B efore beg inn in g th is work in e lectr ic i­ty Mr. K inraide had m ade som e very m w terestin g exp erim en ts in acou stics . ' H I invented a ser ies o f forks w h ich are c a f pable o f m easuring sound w a v es from those inaudible to the hum an ear to th p fe w h ich v ib rate over 190,000 tim es per sec. T here are about flft.v forks In the se T h is in ven tion h a s no practica l com c iai application , but is o f grea t v a lu e in scien tific in vestig a tio n .

T he forth com in g exh ib it o f Mr. K in - ralde’s ph otograp hs In th e Old C o r n e r , B ookstore w ill show to the world for t he " first tim e th e true form s o f e lectr ic ity .1*. w ill a lso sh ow to the B oston pubilo I lia ’ one o f B o sto n ’s citiaen«, h ith erto com p arative ly unknow n, is one o f th* lead ing e lectr ic ia n s o f the ag». Mr K ln­raide's lim itless p atien ce h a s a lread y m et w ith its ow n rew ard in th e m arvailou* resu lts he h a s secured , but it h a s not been recognized as it w ill be w hen once th e public is apprised o f h is achiev#» » • n t * .