HOW DOES DESTINATION MANAGEMENT

ORGANIZATION (DMO)

INREASE LOCAL PEOPLE PARTISIPATION? (A CASE OF IMPLEMENTATION THE DMO AT DANAU BATUR KINTAMANI, BALI)

By

I Ketut Putra Suarthana

Ni Luh Putu Agustini K.

DOCTORAL PROGRAM IN TOURISM STUDY

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY BALI, INDONESIA

HISTORICAL of Tourism Bali

Gregor Krause, 1912

Purpose of paper: analyzed the role of DMO in Lake Batur as an organization program based on four kind of

DMOs principles approach.

Local people involvement in order to implement the roles of DMO 1.Participation

Team work, reduce conflict, adopt people aspiration, responsible 2.Collaburation

Integration of government management function to built community identity.

3.Integration

Continuously improvement, economically feasible, environmentally viable, socially acceptable, technologically appropriate

4.Sustainable

Back Ground

Based on data table 1, appears a negative fluctuation of the

tourists interest visiting Lake Batur, Bangli.

In 2001 (before the first Bali bombing tragedy), the tourists visit Bali for Bangli 43.44%, it was gradual decline

that reached its peak in 2010. Of 2.79 million tourists who

come to Bali, only 17.82% were visiting Bangli.

This happens due to ASITA appeal his member to visit Batur, Bangli due to bad behavior of the local community,

many restaurant closed, petty seller, guests complain of

bad service of boat driver along cross the Trunyan Village,

case tracking rogue guide, bullying,

http//www:// jejakwisata306@gmail.com (2012).

The Participation principle establish by DMO, involved local people community.

Three other principles (collaboration, integration for sustainable) do not applied yet.

A gap happened between government, NGO and local people. Why?

Floating Restaurant in Lake Batur

Metodelogy

1. Time series data of tourist visit, collected since 2001-2012.

2. Primary data source also collect by in-depth interviews and focus

groups discussion. Conducted with nine stakeholders, district and

provincial tourism officer, representatives of conservation of

natural resources, regional planning agency, the representatives of

fifteen (15) villagers, members of a local working group (LWG)

and the area coordinator (KORWIL).

3. During the observation, information recorded in the videotape,

role DMO excavated and explored for content analysis.

4. Cluster sampling technique subjected to representative of

government and LWG totally 20 person.

5. The Variable analyze are the role of DMO and local people

participation.

6. This paper is a descriptive qualitative research

Trunyan Village DMO is a program implemented in a tourism destination, bad practice of destination management indicate of poor quality tourism, Teguh (2012).

Destination need DMO to prevent the negative impacts of tourism. DMO join with local community, pro-poor tourism [PPT] and community-based tourism [CBT] , have been proposed as the appropriate programs for addressing poverty by providing opportunities for income and employment generation, Islam and Carlsen, (2001).

Cross Lake Batur to Trunyan Village

Menente (2008) stated that the challenge in achieving a

successful destination management is to realize that the

management approach is a system involve actors and

environment Martini and Franch, (2002:15) describes

destination management is an

organizations strategic in operational

Indonesian DMO Program Director General of Destination Development, Tourism Ministry (2010), DMO was established in 15 selected destinations : Pangandaran, Lake Toba, Komodo-Flores, Java promo-Borobudur, Bunaken, Lake Batur Bali, Rinjani, Jakarta Old Town, Toraja, Bromo-Tengger-Semeru, Raja Ampat, Wakatobi, Tanjung Puting, Derawan and Sabang,

Temples around Batur

Bruen & Anderson (1998) in Presenza, (2005) the role of DMO as an economic driver, marketer community, industry coordinator, quasi-public representative, and a builder of community pride.

UNWTO (2004) state that the DMO is the agency whom responsible for the governance and marketing of tourism destinations.

Presenza, Sheehan, Ritchie, 2005 confirmed that the DMO activities classified in two significant functions namely 1) External Destination Marketing (EDM), 2) Internal Destination Development (IDD).

UNWTO, (2007); DMO is responsible for the tourism industry, responsible for achieving a good level of investment, market growth, product quality, brand / brand, and profits for shareholders.

Lynch, 2002 find that "the successful and sustainable development is better achieved where its starts from a local physical, social and culture inclusive resource base and involves the participant in planning & implementing development".

Hiking Track

McGettigan and Burns, (2004) revealed the empowerment of communities through volunteer input as key criteria at all levels of community development cycles.

Local Agriculture in Abang Village

Samah and Aref, (2010) stated community development

activities is viewed as a process by which individuals are

involved in initiating, deciding, planning, implementing and

manage group and its activities.

Local Puppies Commudity

Government, Stake Holders and

Other Institution in DMO

Pomeroy and Katon (2000) stated join management or partnership needed, to divide authority & responsibility among government, local communities, stakeholders, private (NGOs) & academics.

Kathiresan, (2010) describes

the types of stakeholders

involved in the management

of local destination includes

user community, local

community and government

agencies Restaurant operate by Stakeholder

Local People Agriculture coffee luwak

Agent and associations involved in

destination management in

Indonesia includes: IHRA (Association of Indonesian

Hotels and restaurant),

ASITA (Association of Indonesian Travel Agent),

BHA (Bali Hotels Association), BVA (Bali Villa Association), HPI

(Indonesian Guides Association),

GIPI (Indonesian Tourism Industry Association).

Puppies of Kintamani

In the DMO guidelines, The Minister of Tourism and

Economic Creative Indonesia (2010) described the DMO

development include: facilitating and advocating the application of the

concept and planning stage, establishment, development, implementation and monitoring of the

DMO.

Coordinate the provincial government functions of provincial stakeholders in the formation and

development of the DMO, the role of DMO

while at the district level and more focused on the destination synergize with the central plan

and join the destination

Gregor Krause 1912 announce Kintamani Bali as the island of paradise, its triggers the arrival of European and American travelers in the 1920-30 decade.

First Bali bombing tragedy, caused Bali destination decline in tourist arrivals, tourist lost the sense of security, complaint against the illegal bullying and ASITA the travel association warning guide to stop visit Lake Batur, Merta, (2012).

These considerations underlie the formation of DMO to destination Lake Batur, The Minister Of Tourism and Economic Creative (2011).

Government/ Regent of

Bangli support DMO

DMO disseminate

ongoing basis,

providing training

assistance in implementation

of DMO

1. In the focus group discussion; Product Director from The Tourism Ministry of Indonesia, Regent of Bangli, Stakeholders and Academics Institution decided 3 point:

5 LWG

Region I

North Batur, Middle Batur

and South Batur

Region II

Kintamani Village, Sukawana Village, Pinggan

Village.

Region IV

Trunyan Village, Kedisan Village

and Buahan Village

Region III

Village Songan A, B and Village

Blandingan.

Region V

Songan Abang Village, Batu

Dinding, Village Suter.

Local people fully involved through LWG, Regional Coordinator and involved in all kind activities. Conceptually DMO program is right to increase the performance of tourist destinations.

But in reality implementation of DMO facing some technical problems. Especially in integration, collaboration and sustainable destination principles.

1. Negative Effect of Locals Non-Government Organizations (NGO) Implementation of Lake Batur DMO in the community did not detached from the classical problem . The existence of a Non-Government Organization (NGO) names Bintang Danu Foundation performs the role of

DMO from negative perspective.

DMO policy, on paper is good, but too much interference, monopoly by a private party build bad destinations image.

Need the government's efforts to embrace the private parties and do win-win basis collaboration.

Thus the government's efforts which have been set from the center to the district will be achieved as planned.

Ex: DMO doesnt cover physicals facilities improvement so the implementation of the program postpone. long bureaucratic coordination among concerned division There is no budget allocation for physical activities. DMO program is not just postpone but even unworkable. District roads as pathways truck sands transportation, it was compromise the security of traveler to Batur

2. Limitations Authority in the Implementation of DMO Program

Based on role DMO conducted aspects of management, marketing, research and development. In the realty, there are limitations aspect that be controlled by DMO & LWG.

Now Indonesia are in process of learn of democracy. The election & turn over officials occurs more consider the

political element. Limited officials placed as their competence No common vision & perception set to develop tourist

destinations. The overlap instruction and bureaucratic coordination . Different point of view, produce different decisions. The government can not control the local NGO Required a special treatment to the local community who

have bad behavior.

3. Wrong Placement of Government Officers

4. No Specific Marketing Aspect Covered by DMO

The role of DMO Batur are not include marketing program of destination.

The main constraints likes lack of funding, limited resources and limited skill in using technology happen.

Management and supervision of destinations must be synergy with local community and government.

Efforts to change public attitudes and perceptions should balance with government and stakeholders.

LWG Representative

Government Representative

5.Local Community Participation

All informants, members of LWG, Regional Coordinator full contributed in DMO .

The excavation of uniqueness on each village , well maintain by the community.

Each LWG arrange a program, plan development and management of their respective villages.

DMO has change the paradigm of local people. Their skills, knowledge and attitude have gradually changed toward a clearer pattern.

All people have to think about professional management, excavation of creativity and innovation to sustainable.

Batur destinations and others fifteen village surroundings has changed slowly because of DMO project.

Bad image of destination has replaced by a new image of pro-people and pro-tourism object. New characters build are still prone need to be protect by DMO and full support by the government.

Things to be worry, when the government bureaucracy hinders, this will make people come back to the initial behavior that is detrimental to all parties.

Local Guide in Trunyan

1. Technically the implementation of DMO has conducted with the primary focus on empowering communities through participatory principle.

2. Three principles ; collaborative, sustainability, integrated with all the elements should apply in DMO project.

3. In the next year program, DMO program must coherence in planning, marketing, governance, and oversight so the destination growing fast & sustainable

Suggestion

DMO should do a persuasive approach to local NGOs and community leaders to open mind

and accept the DMO

They must encourage that DMO is a rescue efforts to destination. The barriers and obstacles

in the implementation of DMO will be easy dissolution

DMO should enrich research on natural resources, people and culture of Lake Batur and surroundings

so that the pent of historical value, culture, sociology can be revived in order to strengthen the image of Lake Batur and the surroundings..

1. Limitation of this research is not cover the all aspect of DMO principles, due to DMO is new program implemented in Lake Batur.

2. The implication for managerial aspect; there is a new paradigm shift toward DMO in local community.

3. This will change their attitude, behavior and involvement in the community.

Taru Menyan Tree