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İNGİLİZCE (FEN BİLİMLERİ) A

1 - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılanyerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyibulunuz.

------- the benefits of genetic engineering infood production, many individuals expressconcerns regarding the ethics of the newtechnology and its effect on food safety.

1.

In spite ofA)Similar toB)As far asC)As a result ofD)Owing toE)

Some bacteria ------- nitrogen and carbonfrom decaying organic matter, and thenrelease these gases into the atmosphere tobe reused by other living things.

2.

defendA)failB)recycleC)deleteD)confuseE)

In Brazil, the Renca reserve covers 46,000square kilometers and has untouched forests------- several valuable minerals, includinggold.

3.

likeA)as well asB)because ofC)such asD)even ifE)

According to recent studies, your biologicalclock can be confused ------- you are affectedby bright computer light right beforebedtime.

4.

butA)besidesB)thoughC)ifD)otherwiseE)

Vietnam, which borders the South China Sea,has a moist, tropical climate, and itshighlands are ------- forested.

5.

excitedlyA)publiclyB)easilyC)regularlyD)denselyE)

The Earth has a unique set of characteristicsto support life; for instance, it is ------- toohot, like Mercury, the closest planet to theSun, ------- too cold, like distant Mars.

6.

neither / norA)more / thanB)so / asC)as / wellD)both / andE)

The study of ecosystems ------- increasinglysophisticated in the 20th century, and today it------- us investigate and control theenvironmental effects of industrialization.

7.

has become / has helpedA)became / helpsB)becomes / is helpingC)was becoming / helpedD)had become / was helpingE)

2019 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A

1

AEvery precaution should be taken to protectgroundwater purity, because oncecontaminated, groundwater is difficult,expensive, and sometimes impossible to-------.

8.

cool downA)stay outB)pass awayC)clean upD)heat upE)

Amphibians, reptiles, and most fish areknown as poikilothermic, which means thattheir body temperature is always ------- that oftheir environment.

9.

too muchA)much moreB)as many asC)too manyD)the same asE)

Hydrogen ------- so easy to make (one justadds a metal to an acid) that it ------- as earlyas the late 15th century.

10.

was / is being knownA)has been / will be knownB)is / was knownC)will be / is knownD)had been / has been knownE)

Plastics are synthetic materials that can beturned ------- various shapes, and they havemany applications ------- engineering.

11.

on / toA)for / offB)at / fromC)into / inD)over / onE)

Much of the arctic tundra is permanently------- ground, and only its active layer meltsduring the growing season.

12.

closeA)earlyB)frozenC)thinD)outdoorE)

The ozone hole is potentially dangerous -------the ozone in the atmosphere prevents muchof the Sun’s dangerous ultraviolet light fromreaching Earth.

13.

because A)untilB)for instanceC)consequentlyD)neverthelessE)

Although cholesterol was isolated as early asthe 1700s, productive research into itsstructure did not begin ------- the 20th century.

14.

for A)untilB)last C)whileD)since E)

Recently, biologists ------- mini-kidneys thatcan produce urine, which ------- a big steptoward repairing damaged organs.

15.

can grow / had beenA)had grown / will beB)used to grow / has beenC)are growing / wasD)have grown / isE)


2

AIn a natural disaster, seconds of warning arereally vital; -------, scientists use the latestadvances to try to predict when it willhappen.

16.

thereforeA)so thatB)howeverC)likewiseD)in contrastE)

Pure water does not exist in nature as italways has some minerals or other -------dissolved in it.

17.

expeditions A)comments B)imitationsC)substancesD)advantages E)

In animals, many metabolites are obtained bythe digestion of food, ------- in plants, only thebasic starting materials, such as water andminerals, are externally derived.

18.

even afterA)in other wordsB)whereasC)just asD)moreoverE)

The largest known prime number, with morethan 23 million digits, ------- in December 2017by an electrical engineer called JonathanPace.

19.

is discoveredA)was discoveredB)was discoveringC)had discoveredD)discoveredE)

Fat cells contain enzymes that can breakdown fat into glycerol and fatty acids, -------can be transported in the blood to the liver.

20.

whetherA)howB)whichC)whatD)whereE)


3

A

21 - 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşensözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

Overpopulation, climate change, ---21--- ofbiodiversity, lack of fresh water supply, andpollution are key environmental issues that Earthis facing today. What happens when all theseresources eventually ---22--- completely? Well,the good news is that scientists have recentlydiscovered a new habitable exoplanet that issimilar to Earth – Proxima-B. ---23--- the searchfor life and other possible habitable planets hasalways captivated scientists and researchers, itwas only in recent years that advancedtelescope technology has been made availableto detect planets outside of our solar system. Anoptical reflecting telescope, ---24---, helpedscientists observe Proxima-B and its orbiting starthis year. However, even ---25--- the latesttechnological advancements, it would still take70,000 years for us to get there.

21.

lossA)objection B)extent C)path D)reliefE)

22.

bump intoA)put offB)make upC)run out D)turn downE)

23.

ButA)WhenB)IfC)As long asD)ThoughE)

24.

on the contraryA)in contrastB)for exampleC)on the other handD)as thoughE)

25.

onA)withB)inC)aboutD)downE)


4

A

26 - 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşensözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

Scientists in Japan have built an early prototypeof a device that ---26--- your skin into a computerdisplay. The device is ---27--- polymerlight-emitting diodes (LED) that are just threemicrometers thick. It is also equipped ---28---organic photodetectors. In the concept test, theUniversity of Tokyo researchers put the LEDs ona flexible rubber sublayer and connected them toa sensor ---29--- measures blood oxygen levels.Then, they attached them to a human hand usingsome thin plastic. If you ---30--- the thin plastic,the effect is somewhat similar to having an LEDtattoo. It is hoped that the technology will beused to make wearable devices much less bulkyand annoying.

26.

could changeA)had changedB)used to change C)changedD)had to changeE)

27.

pointed outA)put up withB)taken offC)turned backD)made up ofE)

28.

intoA)withB)afterC)underD)offE)

29.

howA)whyB)whenC)thatD)whereE)

30.

ignoreA)had ignoredB)ignoredC)will ignoreD)would ignoreE)


5

A

31 - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygunşekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

The innermost part of Earth is far too deep toinvestigate directly, -------.

31.

because these experiments can provide awindow into what Earth's interior was likesoon after it first formed

A)

while a research team subjected alloys ofiron and nickel mixed with silicon to highpressures and temperatures

B)

so, instead, scientists study how seismicwaves pass through this region to learnsomething of its makeup

C)

for example, the Earth's core is mainlycomposed of iron and nickel

D)

this discovery could help us to betterunderstand how our world formed

E)

Whereas large-leaved plants like bananasusually grow in the tropics, -------.

32.

day and night temperatures affect their sizesA)they take in more of the sun’s heatB)plants with large leaves survive tropicalclimates

C)

plants with small leaves tend to be foundcloser to the poles

D)

large-leaved trees can cool down a lot fasterE)

As people live longer, their ability to fightinfectious agents is impaired; -------.

33.

similarly, diseases that were widespreadhave already been wiped out across manyregions

A)

instead, as lifestyles of people change, newopportunities arise for deadly agents toinfect them

B)

for instance, the bacteria causing Lymedisease have only been isolated in the pastfew decades

C)

however, they develop a tendency to identifythe causative agents of infectious diseases

D)

as a result, the organisms that are usuallyunable to cause disease become potentiallydeadly agents

E)

Technical advances of the 19th centurybroadened the field of engineering; -------.

34.

in contrast, mechanical engineering wasrecognized as a separate branch

A)

this was done by introducing a large numberof engineering specialties

B)

however, they apply scientific andengineering skills to technical problems

C)

thus, the term “engineer” also defines aperson who has received training

D)

as a result, large-scale construction workstarted before the 18th century

E)

The embryo has three primary layers thatundergo many interactions -------.

35.

in order to evolve into organ, bone, muscle,skin, or neural tissue

A)

because the nervous system of an adultcontains a vast array of cell types

B)

while there is an enormous gap betweenhumans and insects

C)

although the brain is a cellular machine thatacts as an organizer

D)

due to the movement and processing ofinformation in an adult brain

E)


6

A-------, they need their habitats to remainstable over a long time.

36.

As long as there is enough food to feed theiroffspring

A)

If parasites modified the behavior of theirhosts

B)

Since many organisms in deep seas growvery slowly

C)

Although certain animals are still being keptin zoos

D)

When it recognizes that it is under seriousthreat

E)

The concerns about the ozone hole began torise in the mid-1980s, -------.

37.

when British scientists noticed it waswidening

A)

before the ozone hole was first discoveredin the 1950s

B)

so the outcomes of the scientific studies aresatisfying

C)

if every nation in the world signed theMontreal Protocol

D)

as the hole in the ozone over the Antarctic isclosing

E)

Although much is now understood about antsand their social structures, -------.

38.

it is a type of insect that follows its geneticcodes to look for food

A)

they work together to build remarkablycomplex structures

B)

an ant colony can consist of hundreds tomillions of individual ants

C)

scientists can still fully explain neither theirindividual nor group behavior

D)

ant colonies provide some significantexamples of complex systems

E)

Water occurs as rain clouds, consisting ofwater droplets; -------.

39.

as a result, minerals in solution must besanitized on a regular basis

A)

however, hydrology is the scienceconcerned with the distribution of water

B)

therefore, blood in animals and people aswell as sap in plants consist of water

C)

for example, it has the capacity to freezeand melt at any given time

D)

in addition, it also appears in the form ofswamps, lakes, rivers, and oceans

E)

-------, but they can continue to do this only tothe degree that humans’ environmentalimpact will allow.

40.

A customer may preferenvironmentally-friendly products nowadays

A)

Ecosystems provide us with valuable andsometimes irreplaceable resources

B)

The recent rise in the price of the oil isexpected to cause more unemployment

C)

The number of animal species is decliningtoo fast to prevent it all around the world

D)

This neighborhood used to be a good placeto raise your children

E)

The immune system, like the brain, differs insophistication in different animals, -------.

41.

the most important component of which isthe white blood cell

A)

which consists of many different types ofcells distributed over the entire body

B)

but the overall principles are the sameacross many species

C)

so it only attacks foreign pathogens with thegoal of preventing harm to the body

D)

whereas many types of cells participate inthe orchestration of the immune response

E)


7

A

42 - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizcecümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyibulunuz.

Hydrogen is the most abundant elementfound in the universe, and, therefore, it isconsidered by many people to be the cleanfuel of the future.

42.

Hidrojen, evrende bol bulunan bir elementolduğu için çoğu kişi hidrojenin geleceğintemiz yakıtı olacağını düşünüyor.

A)

İnsanlar tarafından geleceğin temiz yakıtıolarak görülen hidrojen, evrende bolmiktarda bulunan elementtir.

B)

Evrende en kolay şekilde ulaşılan elementhidrojendir ve bu yüzden bu elementgeleceğin temiz yakıtı olarakdüşünülmektedir.

C)

Hidrojen, evrende bol olan elementtir veçoğu insan, hidrojeni geleceğin en temizyakıtı olarak adlandırır.

D)

Hidrojen, evrende en bol miktarda bulunanelementtir ve bu yüzden çoğu kişi tarafındangeleceğin temiz yakıtı olarak düşünülür.

E)

A logical system for scientific methods wasfirst put forward by the English philosopherFrancis Bacon in the early 17th century.

43.

Mantıksal bir sistemi olan bilimsel yöntemler,ilk kez 17. yüzyılın başında İngiliz filozofFrancis Bacon tarafından çalışılmıştır.

A)

İngiliz filozof Francis Bacon, mantığın ancakbilimsel yöntemlerle açıklanabileceğini 17.yüzyılın başlarında öne sürmüştür.

B)

Bilimsel yöntemler için mantıksal bir sistem,ilk kez 17. yüzyılın başında İngiliz filozofFrancis Bacon tarafından öne sürülmüştür.

C)

Bilimsel yöntemler için mantıksal birsistemin, 17. yüzyılın başında İngiliz filozofFrancis Bacon tarafından öne sürüldüğükabul edilir.

D)

Bilimsel yöntemleri tanımlamak için birmantık sistemi kuran İngiliz Francis Bacon,17. yüzyıl başında yaşamış İngiliz filozoftu.

E)

It is difficult for scientists to detect andunderstand dark matter as it does notinteract with magnetic force.

44.

Manyetik güçle etkileşime geçmediği için,karanlık maddenin tespit edilmesi veanlaşılması oldukça zordur.

A)

Manyetik güçle etkileşime geçmeyenkaranlık madde, bilim insanları tarafındanzorlukla keşfedilmiş ve anlaşılmıştır.

B)

Bilim insanları zor da olsa manyetik güçleetkileşime geçmeyen karanlık maddeyikeşfetmiş ve onu anlamışlardır.

C)

Manyetik güçle etkileşime geçmediği için,karanlık maddeyi tespit etmek ve anlamakbilim insanları için zordur.

D)

Karanlık maddenin bilim insanları tarafındantespiti zordur, çünkü manyetik güçle hiçetkileşime geçmemiştir.

E)

The brain consumes more oxygen than otherorgans in the body, which makes it extremelysusceptible to damage related to oxygendeficiency.

45.

Oksijen yetmezliği ile ilgili hasarlara karşıaşırı hassas olan beyin, vücuttaki tümorganlardan daha fazla oksijene ihtiyaçduyar.

A)

Beyin, vücuttaki diğer bütün organlarıntoplamından daha fazla oksijen tüketir, bunedenle oksijen yetmezliği beyin için çokbüyük bir problem olabilir.

B)

Beyin, diğer organlardan çok daha fazlaoksijen tüketir, bu durum onu oksijenyetmezliğinden kaynaklanan hasarlara karşızayıf hâle getirebilir.

C)

Vücutta en fazla oksijen tüketen organlardanbiri olan beyin, oksijen yetmezliği ile ilgilihasarlara karşı oldukça savunmasızdır.

D)

Beyin, vücuttaki diğer organlardan dahafazla oksijen tüketir, bu da onu oksijenyetmezliği ile ilgili hasarlara karşı aşırıhassas hâle getirir.

E)


8

AUsing electronic devices, such as a mobilephone, before bedtime inhibits the release ofmelatonin hormone and increases the level ofstress.

46.

Cep telefonlarının yatmadan öncekullanılmasının, melatonin hormonununsalgılanmasını durdurduğu ve stresseviyesini arttırdığı ortaya konmuştur.

A)

Yatmadan önce cep telefonu ve diğerelektronik cihazların kullanımı, melatoninhormonunun salgılanmasını durdurarakstres seviyesini artırabilir.

B)

Yatmadan önce cep telefonu gibi elektronikcihazları kullanırsak, melatonin hormonununsalgılayamayız ve stres seviyemiz artar.

C)

Yatmadan önce cep telefonu gibi elektronikcihazların kullanılması, melatoninhormonunun salgılanmasını engeller vestres seviyesini artırır.

D)

Melatonin hormonunun salgılanmasınıengelleyen şeylerden biri de yatmadan öncecep telefonu gibi elektronik cihazlarınkullanımıdır.

E)

When a developing fetus or young child isconstantly exposed to arsenic, some healthissues may develop quickly, but otherproblems may not show up until later periodsin life.

47.

Gelişmekte olan bir fetüs ya da küçük birçocuk sürekli arseniğe maruz kaldığında,bazı sağlık sorunları hızla gelişebilir, fakatdiğer problemler hayatın sonrakidönemlerine kadar ortaya çıkmayabilir.

A)

Arseniğe maruz kaldığında bir fetüsün ya daküçük bir çocuğun bazı sağlık sorunları ilekarşılaşma ihtimali çok yüksek olabilir,ancak bazıları da bu sorunlarla hayatlarıboyunca karşılaşmayabilir.

B)

Sürekli olarak arseniğe maruz kalan bir fetüsya da küçük bir çocukta sağlık sorunlarıgelişebilir, fakat diğerleri hayatın sonrakidönemlerine kadar ortaya çıkmayabilir.

C)

Gelişmeye devam eden bir fetüs ya daküçük bir çocuk arseniğe maruz kaldığında,bazı sağlık sorunları ile karşılaşabilir, fakatdiğerleri hayatının sonuna kadar ortayaçıkmayabilir.

D)

Gelişmekte olan bir fetüsün ya da küçük birçocuğun bazı sağlık sorunlarıyaşayabilmesinin sebeplerinden biri sürekliolarak arseniğe maruz bırakılması olabilir,ancak bu sorun yaşayacağı anlamınagelmez.

E)

48 - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleyeanlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyibulunuz.

Yarı iletken plastikten yapılan düşük maliyetlialıcılar, nörolojik hastalıklar gibi çeşitli sağlıkproblemlerini teşhis etmek veyagözlemlemek için kullanılabilir.

48.

Low-cost sensors that are made fromsemiconducting plastic will likely be used todiagnose or monitor health problems, likeneurological diseases.

A)

Low-cost sensors made fromsemiconducting plastic could be used todiagnose or monitor various healthproblems, like neurological diseases.

B)

Neurological diseases may be diagnosedwith low-cost sensors made fromsemiconducting plastic, but monitoring themrequires more advanced devices.

C)

Low-cost sensors made fromsemiconducting plastic help diagnose ormonitor various health problems, likeneurological diseases.

D)

Low-cost sensors are made fromsemiconducting plastic that could cause awide range of health problems, such asneurological diseases.

E)

Fırtınaların sıklığında ve şiddetindeki olasıdeğişikliklerin deniz yaşamı üzerinde sonderece zararlı etkileri olabilir.

49.

Marine life is affected negatively by potentialchanges in the frequency and intensity ofharmful storms.

A)

The frequency and intensity of stormsaround the world could change the potentialcycle of marine life.

B)

Marine life has never been affected by thepotential changes in the frequency andintensity of storms.

C)

Potential changes in the frequency andintensity of storms may dramatically affectthe diversity of marine life.

D)

Potential changes in the frequency andintensity of storms may have extremelyharmful effects on marine life.

E)


9

AYeryüzündeki sıcaklık deniz seviyesindeortalama 15°C derecedir; ancak bu enleme,yüksekliğe, mevsime ve günün saatine göredeğişiklik gösterir.

50.

Latitude, elevation, season, and time of daydetermine the temperature on Earth, but itusually averages 15°C at sea level.

A)

The temperature on Earth is measured 15°Con average at sea level; however, it mayvary as a result of seasonal and timelychanges.

B)

The temperature on Earth averages 15°C atsea level; however, it varies according tolatitude, elevation, season, and time of day.

C)

The temperature at sea level averages15°C; however, it may vary according tolatitude, elevation, season, and time of day.

D)

The temperature on Earth varies accordingto latitude, elevation, and season; but it isusually about 15°C at sea level during theday.

E)

İnsanlar günlük yaşamlarında bir evinduvarları için ne kadar boyanın gerekliolduğunu hesaplamak gibi işler için geometriformüllerine ihtiyaç duyarlar.

51.

People need geometric formulas in everydaylife for tasks, such as calculating how muchpaint is necessary for the walls of a house.

A)

In order to carry out certain tasks ineveryday life, like calculating how muchpaint will be needed for the walls of a house,people need certain geometric formulas.

B)

Geometric formulas are required for tasks ineveryday life, such as calculating how muchpaint is necessary for all the walls of ahouse.

C)

People need to know geometric formulas inorder to carry out tasks, such as calculatinghow much paint they will need to cover thewalls of a house.

D)

It is necessary for people to know geometricformulas when they perform tasks, such ascalculating how much paint is necessary forthe walls of a house.

E)

1920’lere kadar, radyasyonla ilgili çoğuçalışma, radyoaktif mineraller ya da x ışınlarıgibi insan yapımı elektromanyetik radyasyonile ilgiliydi.

52.

Until the 1920s, most studies of radiationwere concerned with radioactive mineralsother than electromagnetic radiation, suchas x-rays.

A)

Until the 1920s, many scientists preferred toconduct research into radioactive mineralsor electromagnetic radiation, such as x-rays.

B)

Radioactive minerals or man-madeelectromagnetic radiation, such as x-rays,were the main fields of study until the 1920s.

C)

Until the 1920s, most studies of radiationwere related to radioactive minerals orman-made electromagnetic radiation, suchas x-rays.

D)

Until the 1920s, studies of radiation weregenerally related to radioactive minerals andman-made electromagnetic radiation likex-rays.

E)

Bir inşaat mühendisi, genellikle diğermühendislik alanlarının temel bilgisineihtiyaç duyar, çünkü çoğu mühendislikkonuları birbiriyle bağlantılıdır.

53.

Most engineering issues are generallyinterrelated; therefore, civil engineers needknowledge of other basic engineering fields.

A)

A civil engineer usually needs basicknowledge of other engineering fields,because most engineering issues areinterrelated.

B)

A civil engineer usually needs certain basicknowledge of other engineering fieldsbecause it is essential to deal with relatedissues.

C)

A basic knowledge of various engineeringfields is essential for a civil engineer asmany engineering issues seem interrelated.

D)

The basic aim of civil engineers is to havebasic knowledge of other engineering fields,as they apply it on an interrelated issue.

E)


10

A

54 - 59. sorularda, parçada anlambütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılanyerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

Many bacteria are anaerobic; that is, they donot consume oxygen and, indeed, areopposed to it. -------. The atmosphere at thattime was probably a mixture of nitrogen withgases such as carbon monoxide and watervapor, or perhaps methane. These primitivebacteria needed some source of energy todrive their biochemical processes, and someresearchers believe they may have at firstfound this source in the heat and chemicalenergy of undersea volcanoes.

54.

All living organisms need oxygen to sustainlife in their surroundings

A)

When life began, over 3.8 billion years ago,the first cells were also anaerobic

B)

At an early stage in biological life, sunlightwas the only source of energy

C)

There is no known geological process thatcan maintain a high level of oxygen

D)

A planet with an oxygen blanket couldsupport life but does not necessarily do so

E)

The brain receives a constant stream ofinformation as electrical impulses fromneurons in the sense organs. -------. If it isirrelevant, it is allowed to fade away, and weare not conscious of it. However, if it is novelor important, the brain amplifies the signals,causing them to be represented in variousregions. If this activity is sustained for longenough, it will result in a consciousexperience. In some cases, thoughts aretaken one step further, and the braininstructs the body to act on them, by sendingsignals to the muscles to make themcontract.

55.

No one knows exactly how electrical activityin the brain turns into experience

A)

Unconscious brain processing, however,guides and sometimes initiates actions

B)

The first thing it does is to determinewhether the information requires attention

C)

They respond to stimuli in much the sameway: they generate electrical signals

D)

The primary task of the brain is to maintainthe whole body in an optimal state

E)

Buildings that can change shape in a splitsecond or fold into a bag. It soundsfuturistic, but the technology is within reach,since scientists from Harvard Universityhave managed to develop a material that canchange size, shape, and volume oncommand. The very strong material can alsochange its hardness to become eitherbendable or completely inflexible. -------. Thenew material is, however, not made of paper,but rather of the artificial materialpolyethylene, which is folded into a cube withtwo missing sides and combined with other,completely identical cubes.

56.

The scientists were inspired by thetraditional Japanese art form of origami, orthe art of paper folding

A)

The material will also react to electricimpulses, so it can more easily changeshape in the field

B)

The paper house invented by the scientistscan be folded along all edges, and itchanges volume

C)

It can be used for a number of differentpurposes, such as building refugee campsor even spacecraft

D)

It changes shape by means of pressurizedair, which forces the building blocks tochange shape

E)


11

ACyberattacks will become more common inthe years ahead. That is not just a problemfor big companies and governments: everyperson who uses modern technology is atarget. At risk is not abstract data or“secrets”. Cybersecurity is now aboutprotecting things, infrastructures, andprocesses that support modern life.Governments and technology companiescannot secure cyberspace alone. It will take acollective immune system to do the job.Individuals also have a role to play. -------.

57.

In the coming years, cyberattacks willalmost certainly increase, and that will be aserious problem for all of us

A)

Recently, criminals accessed the data ofmore than 80 million customers of the healthinsurance company called Anthem

B)

Now that everyone is connected in someway to cyberspace—through phones,laptops, corporate networks—we are alldefenseless

C)

Every network-connected person needs tosupport the immune system by practicingthe cyber equivalent of personal hygiene

D)

For instance, cybercriminals stole thecredit-card information and personal data ofmillions of people from companies

E)

One colony of bees can carry pollen between300 million flowers in a single day, and hivesare transported between fields across theworld to fertilize 70% of our most widelyconsumed crops. They also help plants toproduce better crops, increase yields, andtrigger fruits, nuts, and seeds to grow larger.It is not just fruits and vegetables that wouldgo missing from our kitchens if the beesdied, either. -------.

58.

However, the disappearance of bees wouldnot be the end of food altogether

A)

Moreover, a single bee makes one twelfth ofa teaspoon of honey during its lifetime

B)

Therefore, we need these little creatures tokeep our supermarkets stocked

C)

Flies, birds, moths, and butterflies are allimportant pollinators, too

D)

Our livestock also feed on crops like alfalfaand clover, which bees pollinate

E)

For decades, genetics taught us a simpletruth: Each cell in our body, at some point inits development, contains the blueprint thattells us how to grow. -------. A group ofresearchers from Harvard University nowsays that tiny bioelectric signals surgingthrough and among our cells act as aninstruction to kick-start gene expression.These signals point cells in the rightdirection as they start to grow into a heart ora hair follicle, and influence the shape andfunction of the body.

59.

Moreover, it is quite similar to a human bodyA)A cell consists of cytoplasm and a nucleusB)These scientists could not find these signalsC)Therefore, the shape of our body mattersD)However, that might not be the whole storyE)


12

A

60 - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıylaokunduğunda parçanın anlambütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) One of the most important distinctionsmade by embryologists was the differencebetween analogy and homology. (II) Bothterms refer to structures that appear to besimilar. (III) Homologous structures are thoseorgans whose underlying similarity is theresult of their being from a commonancestral structure. (IV) Embryology is asubdivision of anatomy that deals withdevelopmental changes that occur beforebirth. (V) On the other hand, analogousstructures are those whose similarity comesfrom their performing a similar function,rather than their arising from a commonancestor.

60.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) Technological enthusiasm pertains to theideal of wanting to develop new technologicalpossibilities and take up technologicalchallenges. (II) The inherent danger oftechnological advances lies in the possiblenegative effects of technology and therelevant social constraints. (III) This is anideal that motivates many engineers. (IV) It isfitting that Samuel Florman refers to this as“the existential pleasures of engineering”.(V) One good example of technologicalenthusiasm is the development of GoogleEarth, a program with which, via the Internet,it is possible to zoom in on the Earth’ssurface.

61.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) Planets that orbit other stars are calledexoplanets. (II) The surface of Ganymede, thelargest moon in the solar system, appears tohave a dual personality. (III) Some regionsare dark and densely cratered, suggestingthat they look much the same today as theydid billions of years ago. (IV) Other regionsare light-colored with very few craters,suggesting that liquid water has recentlyerupted and refrozen. (V) Moreover, magneticfield data indicate that Ganymede, likeEuropa, could have a subsurface ocean ofliquid water.

62.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)


13

A(I) When prospectors discovered the firstunderground helium reserve in 1903, theydeemed the gas useless because it was notflammable and could not be sold as fuel. (II)Earth might generate helium gas naturally byunderground radioactivity. (III) Over acentury later, liquid helium has become aninvaluable coolant for MRI scanners, and thegas also has applications in nuclear power.(IV) Yet supplies on Earth are finite andunreliable because reserves have only beenfound accidentally during petroleumexploration. (V) Now, experts havediscovered one of the world’s largest heliumfields, this time in the Tanzanian Rift Valley,on purpose.

63.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) The North Pole is one of the most remoteplaces on the planet. (II) Despite the harshenvironment, there is contention over itsownership as there could be rich naturalresources beneath the ice. (III) To ensure itspresence in the Arctic, the Canadiangovernment has started working on dronescapable of surviving the harsh climaticconditions. (IV) This is because explorershave died in the sub-zero temperatures of themost northerly point on the planet, anddrones would be likely to take their place. (V)Additionally, as the Arctic is impacted by theclimate change, the natural gas and oil will beeasier to extract.

64.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) The fast increasing industrialization wasbased on import of cheap raw materials andexport of finished products. (II) This was onlypossible if the transport systems kept upwith demand and could offer reasonableprices. (III) With these innovations, Britainproduced the best iron in the highestquantities by the late 18th century. (IV) Thecanal system was relatively cheap buttime-consuming. (V) Soon two new transportmodes were invented to cope with thedemands of the Industrial Revolution:Steamship and Railways.

65.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)


14

A

66 - 68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçayagöre cevaplayınız.

The call for all students to learn computerprogramming is growing louder. Some believethat computer science instruction in publicschools can close achievement gaps amongsocioeconomic groups and help studentscompete with those in other countries.Supporters of this idea include business leaderswho will employ the next generation of engineersand programmers, as well as governmentofficials who are worried about the country’scompetitiveness in computer programming.However, others argue that coding for allstudents will create logistical challenges,including a shortage of teachers, the absence ofan agreed-on curriculum, and inequalities instudents’ access to computers. Some critics alsoargue that coding represents a narrow technicalfocus and that business leaders who will benefitfrom this are pushing it on schools. A potentialmiddle ground involves teaching “computationalthinking,” In other words, there is a need todevelop habits of mind that include breakingdown a problem, designing systems, and runningsmall experiments to see which approaches failand which succeed.

The text is mainly about -------. 66.

controversial ideas about teaching computerprogramming in public schools

A)

why every child should learn computerprogramming at an early age

B)

new job opportunities created by theintroduction of computer programming

C)

the negative effects of coding andprogramming on school curricula

D)

the reasons for supporting computerprogramming courses at schools

E)

It is clear from the text that -------. 67.

some political leaders are worried becausethey think competitiveness in computerprogramming may cause problems betweencountries

A)

it is necessary to have an adequate numberof qualified teachers and a good curriculumto start teaching computer programming inschools

B)

some people may lose their jobs in thefuture if computer programming becomesavailable to every individual

C)

governments need to step in to overcomeinequalities in students’ access tocomputers

D)

business leaders have some serious doubtsabout the benefits of teaching computerprogramming in schools

E)

From the text, we can infer that -------.68.

young people need to be encouraged toshare their ideas about computerprogramming and their future careers

A)

business leaders and government officialswill soon come to an agreement aboutcomputer programming education

B)

the disadvantages of computational thinkingoutweigh its advantages

C)

the future of certain businesses dependsolely on computer programming

D)

computational thinking may be an answer tothe ongoing debate about computerprogramming education

E)


15

A


Last year, an international team of astronomerspublished a shocking new report on the extent oflight pollution on Earth. The bottom line for thosewho care about the night sky is significant: Some80% of the globe is adversely affected bynight-time light pollution, and the problem inNorth America is growing worse by 6% eachyear. More than 99% of Europeans do not see adark night sky. By percentage of population,Singapore is the most light-polluted country onEarth, followed by Kuwait, Qatar, and the UnitedArab Emirates. Africa is home to the top 10 leastlight-polluted countries. Such a pollution createsa significant problem; disturbingly, almostone-third of the world’s population cannot fullysee the Milky Way. Light pollution is alsoamateur astronomers' worst enemy as this is nota hobby you do in your basement. That is why aninstitute is offering a place for amateurastronomers to go, called Dark Sky New Mexico.The site offers world-class dark skies within afour-hour drive of major southwestern cities. Theinstitute provides remote observing and imagingfrom this pristine site.

We understand from the text that -------. 69.

Dark Sky New Mexico is an unspoiled placenot affected by night-time light pollution

A)

the group is offering Dark Sky New Mexicobecause it is the nearest observing site

B)

amateur astronomers need somewherecloser to the sky to observe the planets

C)

places like Dark Sky New Mexico arepopular sites among amateur astronomers

D)

African countries are also severely affectedby the threat of night-time light pollution

E)

It is stated in the text that -------.70.

the extent of light pollution is growingdramatically each year only in denselypopulated countries

A)

the report issued last year also offers somesolutions for the problem of night-timepollution

B)

night-time light pollution has some severehealth effects on people in big cities

C)

the rate of night-time light pollution inEurope is far higher than the world averagerate

D)

African countries do not care about the nightsky as they have very few amateurastronomers

E)

It is clear from the text that -------. 71.

sites offering world-class dark skies arefewer in number if you travel from Europe toAmerica

A)

government have started to make largeinvestments to end light pollution

B)

it is impossible for about 30% of the worldpopulation to see the Milky Way

C)

major southwestern cities are not affectedby light pollution as they are close to NewMexico

D)

the number of amateur astronomers isincreasing despite the threat of lightpollution

E)


16

A


Careful study of the galaxy’s rotation reveals oneof the greatest mysteries in science. Stars atdifferent distances from the galactic center orbitat different speeds, and we can learn how massis distributed in the galaxy by measuring thesespeeds. Such studies indicate that the stars inthe disk of the galaxy represent only the ”tip ofthe iceberg” compared to the mass of the entiregalaxy. Most of the mass of the galaxy seems tobe located outside the visible disk, in what wecall the halo. We do not know the nature of thismass, but we call it dark matter because we havenot detected any light coming from it. Studies ofother galaxies suggest that they are also mademostly of dark matter, which means thismysterious matter must significantly outweigh theordinary matter that makes up planets and stars.An even more mysterious dark energy seems tomake up much of the total energy content of theuniverse.

According to the text, measuring the speedof stars is necessary to -------.

72.

measure the distances from the galacticcenter

A)

understand the distribution of mass in thegalaxy

B)

calculate and compare the mass of thewhole galaxy

C)

prove why the previous physics theorieswere wrong

D)

show that interstellar travel is possibleE)

It can be understood from the text that -------.73.

the study of the ordinary matter may helpscientists make predictions about the entiregalaxy

A)

we still do not know whether dark matter canbe found in every galaxy or not

B)

much of the total energy content of theuniverse comes from the ordinary matter

C)

most of the mass lies unseen in the disk ofthe galaxy that surrounds it entirely

D)

the stars in the disk of the galaxy constituteonly a small proportion of the mass of theentire galaxy

E)

The text is mainly about -------.74.

the results of scientific studies concerningthe distribution of mass in the galaxy

A)

the scientific discoveries of the energysources of the universe

B)

how the Sun and other stars orbit the centerof the galaxy

C)

why billions of galaxies in the universe moverelative to one another

D)

the consequences of not knowing the natureof dark matter

E)


17

A


Towards the end of the 1960s, the Ford MotorCompany, one of the world’s largest carmanufacturers, was gradually losing marketshare. In 1968, President Lee Iacocca decidedthat a small cheap car had to be designedquickly. This was to become the Ford Pinto. Thedecision was to put it onto the market for lessthan $2,000 in 1970. This was a very competitiveprice, but the production schedule for the car’sdevelopment was rushed. At the time, cardevelopment normally required around 43months. Only 24 months were reserved for theFord Pinto. Because the Pinto had to cost amaximum of $2,000, a radical design wasselected in which styling took precedence overengineering design. The safety aspect of thedesign did not receive sufficient priority. Therewas no experience with small cars within thecompany at all. Later it was found that the gearconstruction in the rear axles was situated in away that would puncture the gas tank in theevent of a collision.

We understand from the text that -------.75.

the engineers made careful calculationslong before they started to work on the newmodel

A)

the price of the Ford Pinto would be no lessthan $2,000 on the market

B)

the Ford Motor Company refused to berushed into designing the Ford Pinto

C)

the Ford Motor Company produced a smallcar in order to compete with its rivals

D)

since the Ford Pinto was a small car, theduration of its production took less time thanexpected

E)

It is clear from the text that -------.76.

the new model was supposed to bedesigned within 43 months

A)

the appearance and engineering of FordPinto were equally valued

B)

the design of the new model car wasuncommon at that time

C)

the primary aim in designing the new carmodel was its safety

D)

the production of the new model car tookmore than two years

E)

According to the text, -------.77.

the gear mechanism operated efficientlyA)it took longer than average to design thenew model

B)

the company produced several models likethe Pinto before

C)

safety issues were overlooked to an extentin the new design

D)

the new model became an immediatesuccess on the market

E)


18

A


Toward the end of the 19th century, it becameclear that atoms are not indivisible. Theexistence of characteristic atomic spectra ofelements suggested that atoms have an internalstructure, and J. J. Thomson’s discovery of thenegatively charged electron in 1897 showed thatatoms could be broken down into chargedparticles. Rutherford’s experiments in 1910-1911revealed that an atom’s positive charge residesin a small, dense nucleus. In 1919, Rutherfordmade an additional discovery: When alphaparticles are fired into nitrogen, one of theproducts is hydrogen gas. He reasoned that thehydrogen nucleus is a constituent of the nuclei ofheavier atoms, such as nitrogen, and that acollision with a fast-moving alpha particle candislodge one of those hydrogen nuclei. Thus, thehydrogen nucleus is an elementary particle, towhich Rutherford gave the name proton. Thefollowing decade saw the blossoming of quantummechanics, including the Schrödinger equation.It is owing to all these physicists that today weare on our way to understanding the principlesthat underlie atomic structure.


Thomson was able to fill the gap in physicsby building on the theory of Rutherford

A)

it was not until Thomson’s finding that atomswere thought to be divided into particles

B)

Rutherford’s findings regarding the atomicstructure refuted Thomson’s theories

C)

Rutherford succeeded in locating thenucleus near the positively-charged particle

D)

Thomson is usually credited with thediscovery of a subatomic particle called theproton

E)


Thomson and Rutherford studied atomsindependently and had contradictory results

A)

neither Thomson’s nor Rutherford’sexperiments provided guidance to laterresearchers

B)

developments in the field of physics cannotbe attributed to the works of a singlescientist

C)

Rutherford had to modify his experiment tovalidate his results regarding the effects ofnitrogen

D)

when physicists raised general interest inquantum mechanics, the structure of theatom was completely understood

E)

The text is mainly about -------.80.

the conflicting ideas of major physicists A)common misconceptions of atomic structureB)an analysis of the studies of Thomson andRutherford

C)

the description of how an atom splits intoparticles

D)

the origins of the modern understanding ofatomic structure

E)


19

A Grubu Cevap Anahtarı1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20A C B D E A B D E C D C A B E A D C B C

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40A D E C B A E B D A C D E B A C A D E B

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60C E C D E D A B E C A D B B C A D E E D

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80B A B E C A B E A D C B E A D C D B C E


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