2018 2015 - Hparat Panglai › wp-content › uploads › 2018 › 09 › ... · 2015 2018 4 Galar masha ni gaw, ding-dung deq nah Brahmaputra Valley deq, asak hkrung pratpra sa wa

2018 Volume IV, No. IV Established 2015.

1Hparat Pangla i Journal

Established 2015. Volume IV, No. IV 2018

2 Hparat Pangla i Journal

AdvisersDr. JJ Lum Dau (Ph.D, Shinawatra University, Bangkok)Wang Hkang AwngEditor-in-ChiefB.D. MaranManaging EditorKareng Tu JaDeputy EditorDumsa Lawt Awng

Foreign CorrespondenceAnaw (Chiangmai)Nnau Brang Nan (Innau, Ap, India)

Computer SectionSumlut Roi SengSumlut Bawk HkawnLayout hte DesignGumring Zau Mai (Tanghpre)Website MasterHkangda Brang San Awng (California) Manager forFinance and DistributionHkangda Hkam NyoiColumnistsAll staff members of HPLNContact InformationHparat Panglai Laika NauraLawk - V, Munglai Mazup,Laiza Mare, KachinlandEmail : [email protected] : www.h-panglai.com

Hparat Panglai Journal hpe laning mi htaq, kruq lang shaprawq ai.

Manu: Ks. 1500/-

3 Editorial mahkuh

5 Democracy Hpaji Masa (Maraw Naw San)

7 Hpang ga noi ga kahtap (Hkawp Pungwa)

8 Mahkuq mahkau ngangkang ai myusha (Dr. JJ Lum Dau)

12 Gawt shagrawt kasat majan (IIWW, Japan Majan) (Sut Suh Hkawn)

14 Myen Tatmadaw ni amyu shamyit lailen galaw (Hkru Tsit)

16 Ma ni a matu kumhpaw kumhpa (Nmaw Hpung Kam, )

18 Ninghkap Shinglaq Hkap Hkam Majan (Jamjau jawq ai Lungrawk hpyendap) (Shagawng Brang)

22 Kachin Amyusha Hpyen Madung - Kani Nanghpam (Uneradicable Narcotic Drug & Opium in Myanmar)

(B.D. Maran)

26 Shakut shajaq nga gaq oi (Bum shingnoi)

27 ၆၇ ၾကမေျမာက နာဂျပညသ႕ဆႏၵခယပြ (Naga Wondin)

29 Kraw hkrat sharung shayawt (Slg. Maji Ma San, Asak 56 Ning) (Hpan Ja)

30 Maji Ma San aq prat (Tangbau Hkawng Lum)

31 Shadum Jahprang Ga Kaba (Slg. Nsang Tu Awng)

33 Cartoon (G. Zau Mai)

34 Kawq-lakai re ai Pungga Jali aq Prat ndai (Nding Tawng Ra, HLD)

37 40th Ning Hpring Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Amyu Shayi Ka Manawt Shingjawng Lamang Galaw

(Tangbau Hkawng Lum)

38 Yu Nga Mayawn (Chyana Zau Awng)

39 Ningmu Ningnan hte Jawng Sara (Uma shadang)

42 Jinghpaw Laika Sharin Matsun Lam Masan Hpawng Galaw (Hparat Panglai Reporter)

MALAWM NI





Amyusha lawt lam kun? snr Shinggyim masha asak hkrung pratpra lam i? : Dainih, Myen shadip mag-am hpung ni hkrit-tsang dik buq nga ai manghkang kaba langai gaw, Bangladesh deq du nga taw ai Rakhine nah Rohingya Refugee tsin-yam hkrum Bangali (Hkawtaw Galar) lawnglam wa, rai nga ai. Moi moi hkan mung, ndai manghkan byin laiwa sai. Ndai lang nah gaw, Ro-hingya ni 2017, August 15 yaq eh, shanghtim sat kasat bang wa ai kawq nna bai shayan matwa ai lawnglam rai nga ai. Rohingya refugee tsin-yam hkrum masha sen (7) ram, du nga sai hpe tsun shaprawq tawn nga manuq ai. Mungh kata nah Kachin masha jahpan htaq, grau nga sai. Ndai manghkang eh, mungkan mungsang nah ni, Mungkan Rapdawq (UN-),INGO, Muslim mungdan ni,... damlada ai hku nna tsun shaga, garu gamung dup nga ai manghkang mung, wabyin nga sai. Grau nna gaw, sinnaq mungdan ni deq nna akriq akrai bai ahprun datdat re ai gamung,

rai nga ai. Magah mi hku nna bai asoi dinglik yu dat yang, Rakhine lamugah shara gaw, sinprawq deq nah Miwa hpaga mung-kan shinggrup lam (One Belt One Road) aq ahkyak dabang kaba hpawq tawn ai ginra langai mung, rai nga ai. Mungkan Sinnaq deq, Miwa hteq US yan mung, shan-yan aq hpaga yamga htinghtawng hkat ai ni, nga nga maluq ai. Bangladesh Mungh hpe bai dinglik yu gaq. Lafa wa, byin nga aq tah? Laklai ai mabyin satlawat ni nga nga ai. Bangladesh mungh dampa gaw, (147,570) km2 sha, nga ai. Ndai Bang-ladesh lamugah dampa madang gaw, munghpawm Myen mungdan nah Sam mungdaw (155,800 km2) daram pyi, n kaba nga maluq ai. Raitim, Bangla-desh masha yuptung jahpan gaw, wan 163 (million) shanu matep chyat shajang nga ai. Ndai gaw, 2016 ning nah masha yuptung jahpan rai saq. Mungkan eh, masha shangai shaprat lawq dik hteq lawan dik

Editorial Mahkuh

mungh mung, rai nga ai. Deng-ninghkan, Bangladesh masha htat madang gaw, 1 km2 lamugah eh masha marai (1,252) hku nna rai nga ai. Myen mungh gaw, yaq yang eh masha wan 60 (million) grup-yin sha, ngu nna tsun nga ai. Bangal panglai hpunggawq mungh (Bangal Sea Gulf Land) kaji langai wabyin nga ai ning-hkan, lanam ta marang htuq (monsoon season) aten, laru ru, hkaq kaba wa nna galup si sum ai mung, n koiyen lu mat ai shaning shagu nah shing-ra hpyen kaba wabyin nga maluq ai. Ndai mabyin satlawat ni aq majaw, Bang-ladesh nah Bangali masha ni gaw, galoi mung hpring chyat kajawt hkawq gayun pru nga maluq ai. Bang-ladesh aq sinnaq yep deq, India mungh kaba bai matut nga ai. Miwa mungh ngut yang, masha jahpan lawq dik htum India (population 1.2 billion+) rai nga ai. Mabyin manghkang labau hpe bai asoi mada yu gaq. Bangal Panglai Hpung-gawq (Gulf of Bangal) nah lawq laq nga sai Bangali





Galar masha ni gaw, ding-dung deq nah Brahmaputra Valley deq, asak hkrung pratpra sa wa lu na matu, ginru ginsa gawqhtawt bai lung bang sai. Brahmaputra Valley gaw, India Northeast ginra nah Assam palayang rai nga ai. Ndai shara eh, 1229 AD ning htaq, Ahom ni hkawhkam hkawseng mungh gawgap nna ring-chying nga nga sai. Ahom gaw Sam (Tai, Shan) amyu ni, rai nga ai. Ndai Ahom Sam ni gaw, Mogawng-Hugawng Pa deq nna ginru ginsa yuq shang nga ai ni, rai ai. Ahom Sam ni nga pra taw sai Brahmaputra pa-layang deq, Bangal Hpung-gawq deq nah Bangali Galar ni kaput shachyat shang wa ai. Amyu, aga, htunghking, maluq mashah, Hkaplah makam ni n bung hkat ai hpanshan yan gayau gaya gumchyaq ngapra wa masai. Dai shaloi, Ahom Sam tsun shaga aga kawq nna Assamese (Mungnun) aga tsun shaga matwa shajang masai. Ndum shami, shiq hkrai shi byin wa nga ai. Jahtum eh, Ahom yawng gaw Assamese aga ga ai deq, gale dagrawq mat sai. Dai ni hpe Jinghpaw ni gaw, "Mungnun" ngu ai, re. As-samese tsun shaga aga gaw, Bangali, Hindhi, English ni hpe Ahom shingjat nsen hteq, gayau gaya byin wa ai aga ningnan rai nga ai.

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Madung gaw, Bangali aga grau galup nga ai. Aga sha n-gah, hkumshan du hkra, asai gayau (hybrid) mat masai. Dai majaw, Assmese ni gaw, Galar zawn zawn, ladi kaba, ningmun tsiptsip, shan ahpyiq chyangchyang hkrai, rai shajang nga ai. Aga, hkumshan du hkra, gayau gumchyaq mat ai hpang gaw, ngam ai shin-ggyim maka kumlar ni yawng mung, gayau galai mat maq manuq ai. Dainih gaw, Ahom Sam ni, Bangali Galar hkrang dagrawq hku nna Assamese amyusha maka kumlar ni hteq, prat-pra nga masai.Naga amyusha ni pyi, Naga Bum mayan eh, Nagamese aga sheq, tsun shaga sha-jang nga masai. Ndai aga gaw, Naga lawq malawng chye na hkat ai aga mung, rai nga ai. Nagamese tsun shaga aga gaw, Assmese, Bangali, Hindhi, English aga ni gayau gaya rai nna tsun shaga pruwa ai aga, Naga aga rai nga ai. Nag-amese tsun shaga aga gaw, 1950 hkan htaq, Nagaland mungdaw nah "Dimapur" ginra eh tsun shaga hpang shajang wa ai aga, rai nga ai. Dimapur gaw, Assamese palayang hteq, matut ai lamugah rai nna gayau gaya ngapra ai shara, rai nga ai. Raitim, Naga ni hpe Ahom Sam ni zawn, Bangali hkumshan asai gayau gum-

4

chyaq mat ai maka kumlar ni hpe req n mu shi nga ai. Hugawng Pa nah Jinghpaw ni aq magwi gawt aga, mag-wi sawbai aga ni, magwi hteq seng nna shamying shamang aga ni yawng du hkra, Assam hkran deq nah "Modawk, Moran" Mung-nun (Assamese) aga ni nan, rai nga ai. Bangladesh bum mayan deq nah "Chakma" (Tibeto-burma) hpanshan ni mung, Singpho ni nga ai Arunachal Pradesh deq matep shachyat lung nga ai. Singpho ni hteq, lamugah manghkang byin ai. Sat hkat ai du hkra, rai shajang nga ai. Bangladesh deq nna Myen mungh - Irrawad-dy palayang magah lai shang na loi dik gawqhtawt gawqrawt lam gaw Rakhine rai nga ai. Ndai la-pran gaw, Naga Bum, Patkai Bum kaba ni zawn re ai shing-ra shakum kaba ni n nga nga ai. Rakhine Kingdom gaw, prat shanat Bangali Galar ni hpe pat shingdang tawn wa masai. Dai pyi gaw, aga n gayau tim, Rakhine kum-shan (Tibeto-burma) gaw, Bangali sai gayau kap sha-jang nga ai mabyin hkrum hkrah nga manuq ai. Rakh-ine ni lawq malawng gaw, Galar ningsam zawn rai nga maluq ai. Myen (Bamar) ni Galar zawn, n byin maq mat ai mung, Rakhine Kingdom aq akyu ara ni wa, rai saq.



Lachyum gaw KIA ni, BCP ni hpe Miwa-Myen jarit mayan shingdang kasat kau ya ai majaw, KIO ni kasat nga ai Myen hpyen shadip magam ni asak galu ugut gu nga lu ai hpar rawq, rai nga ai. Magum ginchyum shachyup dat yu yang, Rohingya (Bangali) Galar manghkang gaw, Myen aq matu kaba laq nga maluq ai. Myen mungh ting hpe galup ka-up, gayau gumchyaq, shinggyim ningsam jashai kau lu ai ninggun atsam (potential power) mung, kaba nga ai. Shangwa lu ai chyinghka gaw, Rakhine shingjut hkyet lam sha, rai nga ai. Dainih Kachin aq mabyin masa ni mung, Myen aq Rakhine mangh-kang htaq, grau kaba, grau hkrit hpar byin nga sai. Pyeksan mi sha, nga nna alu bang kau dat ai gaidah gumgai aq sut madang zawn, rai nga sagaq ai. Kachin amyusha gammaka lit hpe kadai wa grak-laga hkamdaga lit lah nga ai kun? Kachin gammaka hpe woi dawqdan ra sai. Tinang shah nah shat, tinang nan shadu lah ra sai. Tinang machyiq makawq mai tsai na matu, tinang nan tsi shah ra nga ai. Kachin mungh shawa ni lafa bawq raq nga danih? B.D. MaranEditor - in - Chief

DEMOCRACY HPAJI MASA

Maraw Naw San (Shawnghtawk)

Gahpaw Hpaji ngu ai gaw de-mocracy wuhpung langai a ningpawt rai nga ai, ngu Elizabeth Hoffman tsun ai. Dai sha n-ga, democracy lailen hpe makawp maga shimlum lam jaw ya lu ai mung hpaji rai nga ai. Democracy wuhpawng hta mungchying masha ni hpaji chye wa ai hte maren, shawa a akyu aya hpe myit mada let, mung up salang ni a rarawng ai lam ni hpe adan tawk (snr) gumwoi nsen shapraw nna shading sharai lu na matu madi madun chye nga ai. Dai majaw, gumshem ai mungdan asuya ni gaw shanhte a arawng aya grin nga na matu, mungdan langai a ningpawt rai nga ai hpaji masa hpe zang arai kau chye nga ma ai. Munghpawm Myen Mungdan a Hpaji MasaPawnghpawm Myen mungdan gaw 1948 ning hta, Panglung Myithkrum gashaka a marang e British mungmaden ladat kaw na shanglawt lu wa sai. Dai hte maren sasana hpaji jawng

ni hte Myen amyusha jawng (monastic education) ni law htam wa ai hte maren, hpaji hte mungdan gawgap hpang wa sai. Mungdan hpaji lam hpe madang sharawt wa ai hte maren, Asia dan hta ningja rawng ai madang tsaw hpaji hpe ginlen ya lu ai dakkasu paw pru wa sai. Raitim, 1960 ning jan kaw na, Mungh-pawm Myen mungdan hta mung masa galai shai lai wa ai hte maren, mungdan tingyang hpe tekjum da nga ai hpyen dap gaw mungsha-wa ni a rawtmalan lam hpe pat shingdang lu na matu hpaji masa lam hpe sha-grip shanem lai wa sai. Dai majaw, mungdan kata na dakkasu jawngma ni alang lang shawa n-gun madun lai wa sai. Labau hta gaw 1988 jawngma ni a rawtma-lan hpung hpe hpyen asuya gaw masha n-gun, laknak n-gun hte gumshem ai ladat hte manghkang hparan lai wa sai. Daisha n-ga, dai aten ni hta dakkasu ni hpe 2 ning ram pat shingdang



kau nna, mungshawa ni hpe myidi nahpang hkra galaw lai wa sai. Dai majaw, daini ten du hkra dinghku majan byin ra nga ai hte maren lam shagu hta hpanghkrat nga ai mungdan tai nga sai.2015 ning hkan hta democ-racy hpaji masa hpe hpyi shawn ai dakkasu jawngma ni hpe mung hpyen n-gun laba hte jahkring kau ai lam byin lai wa sai. Tsun mayu ai gaw, Munghpawm Myen mungdan hta na democracy hpaji masa hkrun lam gaw dakkasu jawngma ni hte madi shadaw garum ya ai mungshawa ni a sai, salat ni hte aten na na arang bang magang nga sai. Daini na mungshawa asuya a aten hta gaw, hpaji masa ni hpe ladat galai shai wa ai hpe mu wa sai. Dai lagaw lahkam ni gaw, democracy hpaji masa de lahkam htawt nga sai. Democracy Hpaji MasaTengman ai democracy hpaji masa gaw, tinang wuhpung a manu shadan ai lawnglam ni hpe sha n-ga n bung ai wuhpawng ni a htunghking, makam ni hpe mung manu shadan masat masa galaw ya let rau hpawng rau de nna matut manoi sharin hkaja ginshalat nga na hpe n-gun jaw ya ai. Grau nna, ramma ni a machye machyang lam bawngring wa na hpe n-gun dat ya nna, myitsawn ding-lik, gyin shalat hpaji ni hpe wanglu wanglang galaw lu

na matu pawm ya ra ai. Dai sha n-ga, democracy hpaji masa gaw hkumngau shagu a laklai ai atsam ni hpe htaw-ng madun lu na ahkang jaw ya ai. Dai majaw, n bung ai sharin hkamla ai ladat hte, n bung ai machye machyang hpaji ni hta ningpawt tawn nna mungdan gawgap lam shagu hta shalawm n-gun dat lawm ya lu nga ai. Dai sha n-ga, democracy hpaji masa hta tinang a lam sha n-ga, mungkan mungdan hte amyubaw shagu a lam ni hpe mung sharin la let shada masat masa galaw, manu shadan let garan gachyan nga nna simsa lam gawgap ai de man yawng shangun ya nga ai. Mungdan kata na amyu baw shagu gaw mungchy-ing mungshawa langai a lu la mai ai shinggyim ahkaw ahkang ni hpe chye na wa yang, tinang a makau grupyin hte htaphtuk hkra ganawn mazum chye wa na re. Makau grupyin hte ganawn mazum lam hta pri-nem wa ai hte maren tinang a htunghkring hte makam ni hpe shadan shadawn lu nna ban hte ban hkringhtawng shachyaw ya lu wa na re. Ndai zawn kasi tai ai wuh-pung, byin tai lu na matu de-mocracy hpaji, hpe gyinsha-lat mai nga ai. Kadundawk tsun ga nga yang, democracy hpaji masa gaw mungchying mungshawa lapran rapra ai

ahkawahkang hte tara rapra ai hpe ra sharawng nna sha-da manu shadan hkungga lara chye ai lam ni hpe manu shadun ya ai. Democracy hpaji lu ai wuhpawng byin tai lu na matu, shyinggim ahkawahkang hpe manu shadan jailang let shada pawnba sa wa ra saga ai. Gahpundim hta, de-mocracy hpaji masa gaw jawngma ni a matu sha n-ga sharin hkaja ai lawnglam hta n hprai ai ji nban yang mayang a matu akyu byin tai nga ai. Hpa majaw nga yang, dinghkrai wanglu wang-lang sharin hkaja ai masa hpe n-gun dat ya lu ai hpaji nan rai nga ai. Dai majaw, sharawng awng let sharin hkamla mayu ai myit ningja hpe madang sharawt ya nga ai majaw n bung ai wuhpung ni hte pawnghpawn galaw chye wa ai hte maren sim-sa let ngamu ngamai lu na wuhpawng (snr) mungdan hpe gawgap ai hta ningpawt tai nga sai.

Shamyet ai laika:- Elizabeth Hoffman.

(2014). Education as a Key to Democracy.

https://www.bush-center.org/publications/articles/2014/07/edu-cation-as-a-key-to-de-mocracy.html



Ga yan kadun nna, lachyum rawng ai lachyum sung ai ga yan ni ka chye na mat hpang ganoi ga kahtap hte ka chye na matu yaw shada ai.

(34) Sumtsaw tsaw ai.(35) Labu bu ai.(36) Dasing sing ai.(37) Majan jan ai.(38) Hkritung tung ai. (Hkriwang wang

ai)(39) Laban ban ai.(40) Chyangngau ngau ai.(41) Pukdu.n dun ai.(42) Bukgalwi lwi ai. (Bukgalwi-kalang

lanya)(43) Uship ship ai.(44) Ugum gum ai.(45) Machya chya ai.(46) Kumhpan hpan ai.(47) Ma manau nau ai.(48) Kabung bungyawt yawt ai. Bung la

la ai.(49) Hpyenla la ai.(50) Htawngka ka ai.(51) Wunyaw myiman man ai. Mani

sumsai myiman man ai.(52) Namsi si ai.(53) Yupmang mang ai.(54) Namlap lap ai.(55) Yupmang shingran ran ai.(56) Nbung bunghpoi hpoi ai.(57) Katsi tsi wa sai she gari ai.(58) Kahtet htet sai wa.(59) Kashung shung sai wa nau nan

kashung ai. Kaga ni mung law law nga ai. Ka shaman la ga.

HPANG GA NOI GA KAHTAPHkawp Hpungwa

(1) Manau nau ai.(2) Mahkawn hkawn ai. (3) Ningchyin chyin ai.(4) Dumsa sa ai.(5) Jaiwa wa ai.(6) Myihtoi htoi ai.(7) Madim dim ai.(8) Naushawng shawng ai.(9) Dunye ye ai.(10) Ga shagawp gawp ai.(11) Namling ling ai.(12) Hkanghpoi hpoi ai.(13) Sumrai rai ai. (Sumrai laika ka nga ai)(14) Japhtu htu ai. (Japmawng mawng ai)(15) Mayam yam ai.(16) Shat makai kai ai.(17) Nrim rim wa sai. Ningrim rim ai.(18) Mahkrai hkrai ai.(19) Pungsu su ai.(20) Gumwai wai ai.(21) Manau shadung hpe kumtaw taw ai.(22) Ginhtawng htawng wa sai.(23) Majap jap ai.(24) Gasan san ai.(25) Makawp kawp ai.(26) Nbung bung ai.(27) Nnangnawn nawn ai.(28) Nbung laru ru ai.(29) Hka mawru ru ai.(30) Ningsin sin wa ra ai.(31) Ninghtoi htoi wa ra ai.(32) Htunghking bawhkaw hkaw ai.(33) Bawbam ham ai. Myibam bam ai.



Mungkan kaw shin-ggyim masha amyu

bawsang hti n dang law htam nga ai kaw na Kachin ngu ai anhte Wunpawng myusha ni gaw, hpunau, mayu, dama, nga nna myu masum ginhka shamying wa timung, kahkyin gum-din lam hta myu langai hku mahkri shawn shabawn tawn ai marang e, kahkyin gumdin lam hta mungkan kaw laklai nna ngangkang htum ai masum raitim lan-gai hku nna dandawng grin wa saga ai. Dai hta grau nna maumwi mausa hta hting-bu mungdan ni rai nga ai Myen hkawhkam hte Miwa hkawhkam ni majan gasat hkat ai shaloi, Myen maga de Kachin lawm jang Myen ni majan dang nna, Miwa maga de lawm jang Miwa ni dang ai lam prat hte prat hta n-gup aga hku hkai wa masai. British gaw 1885 hta Myenmung hpe zing la ai hpang, Sam, Kachin, Chin, ni a mungdan ni hpe matut zing la ai shaloi, kaga myu-sha ni gaw British hpe asum hkam kau masai raitimung, Kachin myusha ni gaw

MAHKUQ MAHKAU NGANGKANG AI MYUSHADr. JJ Lum Dau (Ph.D)

shanhte hpe Yehowa laksan jaw da ya ai mungdan hpe asak apnawng let makawp maga wa masai. British hpyenhpung ni shingbyi lu na matu ngangkang ai lungtawng kaba ni hte kum shinggrup tawn ai wang kaba 6 tup gawgap jahting tawn nhtawm atsam htum hte gasat wa ma ai hpe daini du hkra dai wang ni hpe anhte a ginra kaw mu lu nga ai. Dai hpang, Myen share manang 30 gaw Japan hpye-nhpung hpe Myenmung de woi shang wa nna, British hpe gasat dang kau ai shaloi, Myenmung ting na kaga myusha ni yawng Japan hpe asum jaw kau timung, anhte Kachin myusha ni gaw, British ni shang wa yang hkap gasat shingdang ai zawn, Japan ni hpe mung asum n hkam, hkap gasat dang la nna, hpang jahtum Myenmung hpe hkye la wa sai. Dai zawn rai, Kachin shada a lapran kaw mahkri shawn hkat ai masing gaw, nachying ngangkang nna magrau grang shangun lu ai atsam rai wa sai hpe kadai raitimung dangrang kau n lu ai atsam rai wa sai. Shing

re ai mabyin masa hta hkan nna, Myenmung Shanglawt lu wa ai shaloi mungdan kata kaw kahkyin gumdin lam ngangkang wa lu na matu Aung San gaw, shawng nnan Kachin hpe ahkyak tawn nhtawm hkrum shaga wa ai zawn, 1948 ning hta Myenmung shanglawt lu ai hpang Mon, Kayah, Pa-O, Kayin, Sam zawn re ai ni gaw Myen ningbaw ni woi uphkang ai hpe tsepkawp n kam ya ma ai rai nna, hpung langai a hpang langai Myen shadip magam hpe gumlang gasat wa masai. Dai shaloi Ne Win gaw kahpring kahprang rai myit tsang ya ai lam n nga timung, 1961 February 5 ya shani KIA rawtmalan hpang dat ai hte Ne Win gaw myit kahpra mat nna mungdan hpe shi nan hpyendap a hkrang hte uphkang na matu, U Nu kaw na daru magam hpe 1962 ning hta zing la nhtawm, mungdan ting na rawtmalan hpung ni yawng hpe shamyit kau lu na matu 1963 ning na chyinghka pat zuphpawng (Closed door meeting) kaw chyahkawn a lai hpe npawt



nhpang tawn let mungmasa hpyenmasa lai hpe pawng hpawm shajup nna shata galu hpawng ai zuphpawng kaw jahtuk la lu nu ai. Dai masing a npawt nhpang madung gaw, Myenmung ting matsan mat nna kawsi hpanggara ma jang mung-masha kadai raitimung rawtmalan hpung ni hpe madi shadaw lu na n rai sai hta n-ga, hpaji chye ai ma-sha ni mung yawm mat nna, tinang a kanbau bungli hta jan nna rawtmalan hpung ni hpe madi shadaw na mas-ing yawng hpe shangap kau lu na sai, nga nna kam let shadik shatup wa ai rai yang, shaning kadun laman My-enmung gaw matsan mat ai hta n-ga, machye machyang hpaji hparat lam hta mung hkan gritnem wa sai. 2015 ning hta Berlin kaw galaw ai World League for Freedom and Democ-racy (WLFD) Conference kaw Myenmung a mabyin masa lam tang madun ai shaloi, shawa masha ni kaw na san wa ai hta; Mungkan majan lahkawng a hpang Southeast Asia ginra kaw na mungdan shagu sim-sa wa sai raitimung, hpa majaw Myenmung rai n sim sa ai lam san wa ma ai. Mahtai jaw ai hta, “Teng ai. Indochina majan a hpang Myenmung hta lai nna, dai hkan na mungdan shagu kaw simsa sai zawn, ASE-

AN uhpung gaw-gap dat ai hpang kaga mungdan ni yawng matut simsa rawt jat wa timung, Myenmung gaw rai n sim sa ai. Dai hpang sinpraw sinna de na super mungdan ni Myenmung simsa wa lu na matu shakut wa masai raitimung, My-enmung gaw n simsa ai hta n-ga, manghkang grau kaba wa magang sai. Madung gaw, Myenmung shanglawt lu wa ai shani kaw nna daini du hkra, Myenmung na Myen n re ai, myusha ni hpe shamyit kau na matu, lai wa sai shaning hkying lam hta Anorahta hkawhkam masat da ya ai matsun hpe matut shadik shatup nga ai hpyen ningbaw ni uphkang nga ai majaw re. Shingrai Myenmung a simsa lam mahkrun tam ai kaw ndai lam hpe madung tawn nna ahkyak la ai lam rai n nga dingsa gaw, mungkan a grup-yin kaw kade rawt jat galai shai wa timung, Anoratha a matsun hpe n shut n shai manat tawn let woi uphkang ai ni anga nga dingsa gaw mungdan simsa wa na nre, ngu mu ai lam galu galang sanglang tang madun wa sai. Kalang mi hta, KIA hte CPB pawng hpawm nna, Myen hpyen shadip magam hpe jawm gasat na matu tsang masum hpyen hpaji shaman nga ai hpe Ne Win na chye dat ai shaloi nachy-

ing hkrit kajawng mat ai. Madung gaw Kachin rawt-malan hpung hpe, British hte American ni, Ranger dap hte 101 dap hpe aten ka-dun laman hpyen hpaji sha-man ya nhtawm jak laknak jaw dat ai hte Japan hpyen hpung hpe Myenmung kaw na atsai rai gasat shapraw kau ai hpe kalang ta dum hprang shangun ai majaw re. Shingrai Myen hpyen ningbaw ni gaw pala lan-gai pyi n kapaw ai Peking na lithkam ni hpe ladat shaw ya let ahkyak la dat ai nga yang, CPB ningbaw ni yawng hpe hpunau Wa ginra kaw nna lawan ladan Miwa mungdan kata de hprawng shang wa shangun nhtawm, Miwa gaw alum ala hkap tau la let prat chyanat bau maka la wa masai hpe daini na ten hta damlada ai masing hku jawm mu chye wa ai, “One Belt, One Road” ngu ai mas-ing galaw na matu dai shaloi myit shapraw hpang wa ai ningmu rai nna, htawm e, Kyauk Phyu, myitsone damp kaw na galaw hpang wa ai hpe shingdu labau lam dinglik yu ai salang ni tsun wa masai. One Belt, One Road, masing hte seng nna, Hparat Panglang kaw mung mu hti wa yu ai hta, dai masing gaw Anoratha a yaw shada lam awngdang wa lu na matu Myen ningbaw ni a hpaji re hpe mu chye wa saga ai. Ya



hte kade rai nna ai laman, Malaysia kaw laksan rai ndai lam hte seng ai shiga pru wa ai hpe mung mu hti dat saga ai. Mahathir Muhamad tsun ai hta, Miwa woi awn ai “One Belt, One Road, mas-ing hpe, ntsa lam myit yu ga nga yang, seng ang ai ni yawng a matu akyu hkam-sha na zawn raitimung, aten galu hta Malaysia a matu kade sum machyi wa na re majaw Miwa hte myit hkrum tawn ai hkarang leng lam masing, panglai hka lam hte myit hkrum tawn sai kaga masing kaba ni hpe dawm kau na matu Hkring-mang Daju Najib Razak hpe aja awa shadut wa sai raitimung, mayun kumhpa a majaw n madat ya ai ma-rang e, mungdan hte mung-masha ni kaw nachying machyi wa sai. Shingrai lai wa sai ralata poi kaw Najib Razak gaw ralata poi dang na matu ja gumhpraw kade lang timung, shi hpe kadai n lata ai sha Mahathir hpe mahtang ningbaw nnan hku jawm lata wa masai. Nu Wa Hpunau Myitsu Du Salang ni yawng hpang de ndai Hparat Panglai Jour-nal hku nna hkungga kamh-pa let tang madun dat nngai. Sung sung li li myit sumru yu ai shaloi, anhte a nga pra sa ai nhtoi ni gaw hkum shagu a matu ningmu nnan, hpaji nnan jat wa ai ni hkrai rai nga ga ai majaw, yawng

a ningmu hte hpaji n-gun ni gaw, mungdan hte mung-masha ni a shawng lam matu akyu ara byin tai wa u ga, daini na ten hta jawm jahtuk lang ra sai ngu mu ai. Jiwoi Jiwa ni jahting kau da ya ai kahkyin gumdin lam “masum raitim langai” a npawt nhpang gaw nachy-ing manu rawng ngangkang la nga ai. Dai ngangkang nga sai npawt nhpang hpe daini na ten hta myit hkrum mangrum rai jawm jahtuk lang na matu ten du sai. Tai hpyen wa gaw shi jahtuk tawn ai masing awngdang wa na matu shi kamhpa ai ladat hta hkan nna shadik shatup wa ai hpe anhte hku nna mara sa tsun ya nra na re. Dai hte maren anhte yawshada tawn ai pandung de du wa lu na matu anhte ra sharawng ai hte maren shalat la ai ladat lang mai nga ai rai nna, ahkyak htum gaw htaphtuk ai ladat jawm shaw lu ai masing rai wa na re. Lai wa sai ten na mabyin masa ni a ntsa maram yu yang, aten langai kaw lang ai hkrang hpe grai kaja sai ngu mu ai raitimung, aten langai de du wa yang asung n shang mat chye ai. Ga shadawn - Russian gaw Communist ladat lang nna rawtmalan lam awng-dang wa ai shaloi, Mao Ze Dung gaw, mungkan kaw rawtmalan hpang ai kadai

raitimung Communist ladat lang jang awngdang na re, nga ai. Kaja nan dai ten hta awngdang wa masai. Raiti-mung, dai kasi hpe daini na ten hta lang na matu grup-yin a masa hta hkan nna n htaphtuk mat sai majaw prat hta hkan nna shading sharai la ra sai, ngu mu ai. Yehowa gaw anhte Wunpawng myusha ni hpe kahkyin gumdin lam hta masum raitim langai byin hkra ngangkang htum ai shaman chyeju jaw da ya sai. Manu tsaw htum nna hkumtsup ai mungdan mung jaw da ya sai. Dai mungdan hpe makawp maga uphkang sa wa lu na matu machye machyang nyan hpaji mung jaw da ya sai. Ya gaw dai lu tawn sai sali wunli ni hpe htaphtuk ai ladat hte mahkrun myu hkum ashawng ahpang jah-tuk la nhtawm ngangkang ai tinang a myusha lam yan hta kamhpa let lahkam sa wa ra saga ai. Yu la na matu kasi ra wa yang, tinang a hpyen wa tinang hpe gasat dangsha wa ai ladat gaw, anhte a matu ni nawn ai kasi rai sai. Grup-yin na, ni ai tsan ai mungdan ni hpe gara hku jahku jahkau la nna ra kadawn nga ai arung arai lu wa na matu masu magaw chye ai tsaya, kaniya, sari sadang rawng ai mahku mahkau ninghkring zawn re ai ni hpe mahkrun myu



hkum jahtuk ya let lang wa masai. Na chying damlada ai mahku mahkau hpaji gaw, n myit mada ai shingjut shin-gnaw hkan shang hkawm mai a hka! Shingrai, taihpy-en wa hpe grup-yin kaw na jawm yu kaji timung, magyi magaw re hpaji lang ai hta, Myen amyu hpe mungkan kaw ram htum ai amyu hku masat wa masai. Anhte Kachin myusha ni gaw Mungolia, Tibet, Miwa, mayan hku nga pra wa ai hta anhte a htinggaw mying law malawng gaw, daini du hkra Miwa amyu a htinggaw mying ni naw lang nga ga ai majaw Miwa gaw anhte a ninawn ai hpuba hpushawng amyu ni hku nna masat masa naw hkam la nga ai hpe mu lu ai. Maga mi hku nna, Miwa a mungdan matut ngang-kang na matu Miwa kata kaw machyu nga ai myusha bawsang ni yawng a ntsa rapra ai tara hte uphkang ai marang e, Miwa gaw ngangkang nga sai hta grau “ngang hta hpa-ra jat” ngangkang wa nna kaning re ai hpyen raitimung sa jahten sharun n lu ai mung-dan byin tai wa mai ai. Shin-grai, anhte Jinghpawsu ngu ai Kachin myusha ni mung, Miwa mungdan ngangkang na matu ahkyak ai myusha langai rai nga ai hpe anhte Kachin ni hkam la ai zawn, maga mi de shanhte Miwa

ni mung hkam la ging ai re. Shingrai, Kachin myu-sha ni gaw kaga mungdan hkan, grau nna Myenmung, India, Miwa, mungdan hkan maden nga pra sa wa nga ai ni a yawshada ai masing ni hta hkan madi shadaw ya ai marang e, Miwa kata na Jinghpawsu ngu ai Kachin myusha ni hta, amying shin-gteng gumhkawng myiman pa wa nhtawm, maden zing-hka dandawng ai myusha maga de danhkung wa mai ai. Raitim awngdang lam n lu hkra, tai wa gaw anhte Kachin myusha ni hpe prat hte prat ninghkap shin-gdang wa sai. Awmdawm ahkaw ahkang lu ai mungdan lu wa na matu mungdan kata na kaga myusha ni hte ta gindun hkat ra ai hte maren, ra wa ai hta hkan nna ht-ingbu mungdan ni hte UN madang du hkra mahkrun tam sa ra ai hpe jawm chye nga shajang sai re. Ningbaw Kaba Lahtaw Zau Seng na chye wa ai hta; Asia Pacific Anti-Communist League (APACL) wuhpung kaw Kachinland Chapter hku shang lu na matu, Kachin-land ngu ai mungdan gaw, tara shang ai mungdan rai nna, UN a hpung shang mungdan mung rai ra na. Kachinland shadip magam gaw tatut Communist hpe ninghkap gasat nga ai shad-ip magam rai nna, APACL

hpung shang mungdan ni madi shadaw la ai mungdan rai ra na, nga ai. Shing re ai ritkawp tara hpe na dat yang, Kachinland a matu shamu mai na zawn n nga mat timung, APACL wuh-pung kaw shang lu na matu Ja Chyumlaika kaw, “Lapu zawn zai rawng nna, hkrudu zawn shingdi nga mu” ngu ai Karai Kasang a matsun maroi hpe machyu nht-awm, shadik shatup sa wa ai marang e, hpang jahtum Kachinland a Ningbaw Kaba tang madun dat ai sumtang hpe APACL Ginjaw rung kaw na jawm madi shadaw let, 1972 ning Taipei kaw galaw ai APACL zuphpawng kaw Ningbaw Kaba hpe kabu gara hkap tau la nna, Kachinland Chapter a yaw-shada ai lam mungga kaw htawn shalawm wa sai. Bungli kaba langai awngdang na, ngu ai gaw yak la ai raitimung, Yeho-wa jaw da ya ai machye machyang hpe htaphtuk ai mahkrun hku asung jashawn chye ai wa a matu gaw, awngdang ai mahtai hpe shu la lu nga ai. Tai hpyen wa a masing awng-dang na matu atsam htum hte shaning hkying lam shakut wa ai laman, lahkam lang hte lang htawt shut nna rawtmalan hpung ni tsep-kawp dang la na hkinjang pru wa shagu, Champion N Sang Awng La zawn, myi-



hprap laman dang shakre la na malai, nhtang hku tai wa hpe garum la ai lam nga wa sai. Daini na ten hta tai wa a lagaw htawt shut ai kaw na, ading sha bai tsap lu let, n-gun awai la lu na matu ahkaw ahkang pru wa hkra, UN de na hpyenman, sinna maga na hpyenman, mungdan kata na hpyenman myu shagu hpe gan jahkring ya na matu nachying zen ai mahkrun jahtuk la nna gan hkring sa la let, n-gun shachying la nga ai ten rai nga ai. Maga mi de rawtma-lan hpung ni a matu mung ahkaw ahkang la nna, n lu n mai gan hkyen la ra ai arung arai ni lu wa hkra hkyen lajang ai lam, rawtmalan hpung shada a lapran kaw kahkyin gumdin lam makai hkak hkra hte kaga ra kad-awn nga ai lam ni gan hkyen lajang la nga na ma ai, ngu ai hpe kam dat ai. Grau nna, mungmasha ni tsap nga ai jut kaw na chyan mu mada ai ningmu gaw, rawtmalan masing a matu n-gun kaba rai u ga, jut shagu kaw na hpaji jawm jaw la nga na ma ai hpe kam dat ai. Kaja sha nga yang, ndai ahkaw ahkang gaw, shi a shi byin pru wa ai gaw n rai na re. Rawtmalan hpung ni a matu san san, Yehowa hkyen lajang ya ai hte laklai ai ahkaw ahkang pru wa ai she rai na re. Kaning rai nme law, ndai lamik kum-

la gaw, myihtoi shing-ran hku ntsa lam jaw ai kumla n rai. Kadai raitimung asan apra jawm mu lu hkra hpaw malang dan ai mabyin masa rai wa sai hpe, myit ung-ang ai lam n nga ai sha, “Anhte a Awngpadang, Yehowa Karai

Kasang”, teng teng rai sai, ngu ai hpe kam let, n shut n shai dawdan nhtawm awng-dang hkra ahkyak jawm la ga, ngu nna hkungga kam-hpa let, Nu, Wa, Hpu, Nau Myitsu Du Salang ni yawng hpe lajin dat nngai rai.

GAWT SHAGRAWT KASAT MAJAN

(II WW, Japan Majan)Sut Suh Hkawn

OSS Detachment 101 in Burma, ca 1943-1945. (NA) #25

Chinese and American flyers of the Chi-nese-American Composite Wing during briefing before a mission

Sergeant Robert L. Dunkin, medic with 5307th Composite Unit,Provisional, (aka Merrill's Marauders) treats a Kachin Baby, Auchi, Burma, March 1944. Karing Naw, Kachin In-terpreter for G-2 section helps Sergeant Dunkin. (Photo by T/5 Kirston)

OSS Detachment 101 in Burma, ca 1943-1945. "Doc" Franklin on the right. (NA) #722





Photographs of Burma north area 82.1

American troops take a break along the Ledo Road, Burma, ca March 1944. (NA)

OSS Detachment 101 in Burma, ca 1943-1945 (NA) #699

A newly constructed partion of the Ledo Road still undergoing improvements while open to military traffic, Burma, 30 March 1944. (US Army photo - T/4 Pease)

T/5 James Hilton, 1905th Engineer Aviation Battalion Works in the muddy waters of the Wora River attaching a cable to a log that knocked out the pilings of a bridge, Burma, 10 Spetember 1944. Bridge noted as having been frequently used by the 776th Engineer Petroleum Distribution Company for transporting pipe. (photo by T/4 L.W. Raczkowski)

Captain Elmer Roscope (on left) enjoying a lighter movent with his engineer troops prior to their leaving for Myitkyina, Burma, ca May 1944 - picture taken in Shingbwiyang, Burma. (NA)

OSS Detachment 101 in Burma, ca 1943-2945. OSS humor. (NA)#724



MYEN TATMADAW NI AMYU SHAMYIT LAILEN GALAWHkru Tsit

2018 Ning, April (11) ya shani

kaw nna, Myen Shadip Mag-am Hpyendap gaw num-daw kalang mi bai laja lana rai, Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Hpyendap (KIA) Masat 2, 9, 1 Dap Ba ni de jet, helicopters, howitzer ni sung lang nna, hpyen n-gun kaba hte maqja htim gasat bang wa masai re. Myen Hpyendap gaw KIA Hpyendap nga ai shara de sha n-ga, mung mare ma-sha ni shanu nga ai mare ni de mung, sinat kaba (how-itzer) ni gap bang ai majaw, mungshawa masha ni hkala si sum ai lam ni mung byin nga sai. Ndai zawn, shin-ggyim lailen n lang, mazut gumshem, roirip ai lai ladat ni gaw, Kachin amyusha ni a ntsa amyu shamyit mayu ai sa lawat zawn rai wa nga ai.Ndai lang na majan a majaw, Lai Nawng Hku, Awng Lawt, Danai, Kasung,

Sumpra Bum, Njang Yang mare ni hkan na mungsha-wa marai 5000+ ram gaw tinang a sutgan, yamnga, sun hkauna ni hpe tawn kau da nna, nam kata de hpyen koi yen hkawm nga ra mat ai. Kajawng kaja hprawng koi yen hkawm ai rai nna, lu sha n law gun ai hte nam kata hprawng shingbyi hka-wm ai aten na wa sai re ma-jaw, shat lu sha maq, dumh-prut mat ai hta n-ga, machyi makaw ruyak jamjau, n ni n kri hkrum katut nga ai raitim, myo mare shimlum ai shara ginra de, pru le wa na matu, Myen hpyendap kawn ahkaw ahkang n jaw, pat shingdang da ai lam ni galaw lai wa masai.Myen hpyendap kaw nna, mungshawa ni pru wa na lam hpe pat shingdang, ahkaw ahkang n jaw ai lam gaw, shanhte Myen hpye-ndap hpe KIA ni sa htim gap na hpe hkrit tsang ai

majaw, mungshawa ning-gang (human shields) galaw ai ladat rai nga malu ai. Ndai zawn Myen hpye-ndap kaw nna, Kachin ni a ntsa shinggyim ahkaw ah-kang tawt lai shut shai taw ai hpe, International Criminal Court de jeyang sa wa na matu, Mungdan shagu hta nga ai Kachin uhpung uh-pawng (32) kaw nna, United Nations Security Council de 23rd April, 2018 ya shani laika hte tang madun shadut ai lam galaw dat masai. Dai sumtang hta, KIA hte Myen Hpyendap a lapran gap hkat jahkring, simsa lam hten mat ai aten kaw nna, Kachin amyusha ni a ntsa zingri zingrat, shinggyim ahkaw ahkang tawt lai ai hte, shinggyim hkriqawn (လသားခငးစာနာေထာကထားမႈဆငရာ) hpung ni kaw nna garum madi shad-aw na lam ni hpe ninghkap kau ya ai lam ni hkrum sha nga ai, nga nna tang madun wa masai. Majan lapran chyat rawng nga ai mungshawa ni hpe hkye shaw la na matu,. Kachin Ramma Hpungtun masha n-gun madun shamu shamawt ai lam hpe April



(30) kaw nna May (8) ya shani du hkra, Myitkyina kaw galaw lai wa masai.Ndai ramma ni a shamu shamawt, masha n-gun ma-dun ai lam gaw, Myen mung hta sha n-ga, mungkan mungdan shagu hta chyam-bra nga ai kachin uhpung uhpawng, Myen mungh ma-sha ni yawng a myitkraw hta wa ganan hkrah shangun lu ai madang de du hkra rai nga ai. Masha n-gun madun ai lam gaw shara shagu hta, matut manoi galaw wa sai re. Shinggyim nau-na myit hte amyusha lam yan hta shanglawm shakut ai gaw jet ai myutsaw myit majing rai nga ai. Amyu langai rawtjat kunghpan wa na matu gaw, ramma ni a myitmang ai, galaw sa wa ai lam ni hta ahkyak madung rai nga mali ai. Japan Mungdan hta mung, Japan du nga ai Kachin Amyusha Hpung ni woi awn ai hte, May (2) ya shani 3:00 Pm - 4:00 Pm lapran hta Japan du nga ai Myen Mungh masha ni kaw nna, masha n-gun madun ai lam galaw ai hta- (1) Jan. Awng San Su Chyi woi ningbaw ai NLD shadip magam hpe တငးရငးသား ni raq lata (မ) jaw ai gaw, municipal galaw shangun mayu ai n re lam, (2) Mung-dan hpe woi awn shangun mayu ai majaw re lam, (3)

စစအာဏာရငတစစ (hpyen gumshem nkau) hpe ICC (Internaltional Criminal Court) de du hkra shakut ra ai lam ni tsun nna masha n-gun madun lai wa ai lam na chye lu ai. May (6) ya shani hta, Kachin Mungh na majan hta pat hkrum nga ai mungsha-wa ni lawtpru wa na matu, Yangoon, Pagu, Mandalay hkan masha n-gun madun ai lam galaw lai wa masai. Australia Mungdan hta mung, May (9) ya shani Myen Datkasa rapdaw shawng kaw masha n-gun madun ai hta, 2018 April shata laman byin ai majan a majaw Lai Nawng Hku, Awng Lawt, Danai, Kasung, Sumpra Bum, Njang Yang ginra ni hkan na mungsha-wa 500 jan gaw, ya ten du hkra asak lawt lam a matu myit mada nga ga ai. Myen hpyendap hte NLD shadim magam kaw nna, hpyen yen mungshawa ni hpe tinang a mare buga de lawan ai hku bai wa nga lu na lam, Mung-shawa ni hta ra nga ai nta, malu masha, bu hpun rai, tsi mawan ni garum lajang ya na, hpaji lam hte seng nna hkyen lajang ya na lam, Myen hpyendap kaw nna hpyen n-gun laba hte htim gasat hkawm ai hpe jah-kring ya na lam, grau nna Kachin amyusha ni a ntsa amyu shamyit masing hte sat shagrawt ai lam ni hpe

dawm jahkring ya na lam ni hpyi shawn ai hte, hpyen majan a majaw pat shin-gdang hkrum nga ai mung-shawa ni hpe woi shalawt la na matu Kachin mungdaw, Myitkyina, Manau Wang kaw hpawng nga ai Kachin Ramma ni hte myit mang langai sha rai nga ga ai, Myen hpyendap a n tara ai ladat hte pat shingdang, masha ninggang galaw, shawnglam de rai hpai shangun (porters) hkrum nga ai hpyen tsin-yam, hkrum sha nga ai mungsha-wa ni hpe shimlum ai shara de lawan pru wa shangun na lam, Myen shadip magam hte Myen hpyendap pawng nna Kachin ni hpe amyu shamyit masing galaw ai hpe ninghkap jahpyak ai hte majan hpe mung lawan jah-kring ya na lam hpyi shawn ai, Myen hpyendap kaw nna n tara ai majan baw, amyu shamyit htim gasat, shin-ggyim ahkaw ahkang tawt lai (human right violation) ni hpe woi ningbaw,(aga) jaw ai lit nga ai ni hpe ICC de ahkyak la ya na matu, daini Australia kaw nga ai Kachin ni sha n-ga, mung-dan shara shagu kaw du nga ai Kachin Mungshawa ni kaw nna matut shakut sa wa na re lam ni hpe tsun ndau mat wa ai lam na chye lu ai. American, Washinton DC White House shawng kaw mung, May (12) ya



shani hkying hkum (24) lu sha gam akyu hpyi ai lam galaw ai hta, Kachin ni sha n-ga, Myen amyusha ni mung, sa lawm ai lam na chye lu ai. Myen mungdan hta Kachin amyusha ni hpe roirip dip kamyet sha ai lam jahkring kau na the, Tai-yin-thar ni a shara hta Myen hpyendap a laja lana hpyen htuh shadut htim gasat him ai majaw, hpyen yen tsinyam masha sen lam hpyen koi yen hkawm nga ra ai lam ni hpe American shadip magam hte mungshawa ni chye na matu masha n-gun madun ai re lam na chye lu ai. Matut nna May (12) ya shani hta sha ရနကနျမ႕၊ တာေမြဂးေကာ mahkrai npu kaw nna ျမ႕ေတာခနးမ du hkra, hpyen majan jahkring na hte, hpyen yen mung-shawa ni hpe pat hkum shingdang ai lam n nga ai sha, garum shingtau lam lu na matu, lam hkawm n-gun madun ai lam na chye lu ai. Ndai zawn shara shagu masha n-gun madun wa ai masa hpe yu ai shaloi Myen hpyendap a galaw ai lai ladat hpe n raq sharawng ai gaw, majan tsinyam hkrum hkra nga ai anhte Kachin ni sha n-ga nna, shinggyim nau-na myit rawng ai amyusha ni, uhpung uhpawng ni yawng shanglawm nga ai hpe mu lu nga ai.

MA NI A MATU KUMHPAW KUMHPA

Nmaw Hpung Kam (HLD)

1. Jinghpaw: nga-sha-banCommon name: Vietnamese co-riander plant/ Vietnamese mint/ Cambodian mint, hot mint, laksa leaf, and praew leafBotanical name: Persicaria odo-rataHigher classifica-tion: Knotweeds

2. Jinghpaw: kaujingCommon name: garlicBotanical name: Allium sativumFamily name: Amaryllidaceae

3. Jinghpaw: shakau hkyengCommon name: OnionBotanical name: Allium cepaFamily: Amaryllidaceae

4. Jinghpaw: Panzi banCommon name: coriander, cilant-ro, Chinese parsleyBotanical name: coriandrum sativumFamily: Apiaceae

5. Jinghpaw: Kala panziCommon name: Cilantro herb /false corianderBotanical name: Eryngium foet-idumFamily: Umbelliferae/Apiaceae

6. Jinghpaw: KauhpawCommon name: Japanese scallion Scientific name: Allium Chinense Family:

7. Jinghpaw: KaubyenCommon name: Allium hookeri /allium cernuum nodding onion whiteScientific name: Family: Amaryllidaceae

8. Jinghpaw: MajapCommon name: ChiliScientific name: Capsicum annum Family name: Solanaceae/ ning-htshade



9. Jinghpaw: Salap lapshan (salap hpan yawng hpe begonia ngu tsun ai: salap hpan lawlaw hta na lapshan sumla re)Common name: BegoniaBotanical name: Begonia roxburgii Family: Begoniaceae

10. Jinghpaw: SanamCommon name: Ginger Botanical name: Zingiber offici-nalis Family: Zingiberales

11. Jinghpaw: Kumbang shabanCommon name: Lemon grass/cymbopogonBotanical name: Cymbopogon citratusFamily: Gramineace

12. Jinghpaw: HtingkyeCommon name: Stink grass, hout-tunyia, fish mint, fish leaf, rainbow plant, chameleon plant, heart leaf, fish wort, Chinese lizard tail, or bishop’s weedBotanical name: Houttuynia cordata Family: Saururaceae

13. Jinghpaw: Nbu siCommon name: common walnutBotanical name: Juglan regia Family: Juglandaceae

14. Jinghpaw: Shagrang/ gaiyin/gaibyetCommon name: Aromatic ginger, sand ginger, spiked ginger, aromat-ic ginger, etc.Botanical name: Kaempheri alangaFamily: Zingiberaceae

15. Jinghpaw: Magram (Gala magram (masala lap) the Jingh-paw magram sumla re)Common name: Indian LaurelBotanical name: Listea glutinosFamily: Calophyllum inophyllum/Ficus microcarpa

16. Jinghpaw: Nhpring banCommon name: Sweet basilBotanical name: Ocimum basili-cumFamily: Lamiacea (mints)

17. Jinghpaw: Bantawng panCommon name: Elsholtzia blandaBotanical name: Elsholtzia ciliataFamily: Lamiaceae

18. Jinghpaw: Numru machyangCommon name: Black pepper/Magdagascar pepperBotanical name: Piper nigrum Family name: Piperaceae

19. Jinghpaw: machyang (nam machyang) Common name: Lemon pepper tree, sochuan pepperBotanical name: Zanhtoxylum acanthopodium Family: Rutaceae

20. Jinghpaw: hpunru tsumhpaiCommon name: Wild piperBotanical name: Piper /P. sarmen-tosumFamily name: Piperaceae

21. Jinghpaw: ChyinglapCommon name: Nepal prickly ashScientific name: Zanthoxylum ozyphllum /zanhtoxylum Ailan-thoidesFamily: Rutaceae

Ndai zawn tang madun ai lam gaw kungkyang nna n re naw kaji ai jawngma ni a matu laksan myit mada let jaw dat ai kumhpaw kumhpa re.



NINGHKAP SHINGLAQ HKAP HKAM MAJAN(Jamjau Jawq Ai Lungrawk Hpyendap)Shagawng Brang

Gahpaw : Lung Rawk Hpyen Dap ngu ai gaw, Laiza Muklum a Sinna maga Laja Yang Mare a Sinpraw Dingdung maga, Myitkyina-Man-maw lam a lamdung lahta de Bumre Burn marawn lawu ding-da maga de na Myen hpyendap rai nga ai. 2005 Ning kawn Myen shadip magam hpyendap ningnan hpe sa jung da manu ai. Ndai hpyendap gaw bum marawn hku hkan nna, Post shara lahkawng lawu lahta di jung da ma ai. Laja Yang Myen Hpyendap Shagyit

shagrawt ai lam n galaw ai, tinang shara tinang makawp ai hku nna ninghkap shingla majan sha galaw sa mat wa na Policy hpe chyu manat tawn ga ai. Ndai Policy hte maren, hpyen wa a dap jung shara jahtum hkan na post ni hta tai hpyen wa malu masha, machyu pala ni wa sa ai kaw, hkap shingla gasat dat dat re ai lam ni hpe galaw ai. Kalang lang tinang maga sum machyi ai lam nga ai zawn, padang dip lu

ai ten ni mung nga lai wa sai. Tai Hpyen wa hpe htim shagrawt gasat ai lam n galaw nna hkap shingla gasat ai lam sha galaw ai ngu gaw, tinang maga laknak machyu pala naw ning-ra ai lam ni a majaw mung, rai nga ga ai. Majan ngu gaw Zai Ningsang kaw ningra mat jang tatut Zai Ladat daw hta manu mana sum machyi wa chye ai. Anhte gasat ai majan gaw Myen Hpyendap ni htim sa wa ai majaw, hkap shingla gasat ai sha re ngu mungkan a man

Lung-rawk Hpyendap

hpe shimlam la tawn ya ai mung rai nga malu ai.

Lungrawk hpyendap de tai ni malu masha, machyu pala wa sa ai hpe tinang KIA ni hkap gasat ai poi ni : Tinang K.1.A hte Myen Shadip Magam Hpyendap, 9.6.2011 ya kawn kalang mi bai gasat gala byin hpang wa ai hta tinang K.I.A ni hku nna, hpyen wa a shara hpyendap post ni hpe mas-ing nga nga hte htim gasat

hta Mung Masa amyat shaw lu na matu mung, rai nga ai. Raitimung, nkau Hpyen Zai Ladat hku nna ahkayk ai tai hpyen wa a shara ni hpe gaw Mung Masa nna mung mala la n ahtu hkra ai ladat hte zing la kau mai nga ai. Ga Shadawn : Tai hpyen wa malu masha, machyu pala sa lung wa yang, hkap gasat shingla let tai wa a ahkyak ai shara hpe jaujau zing madu la kau yang, manu na ga ai.



Ndai Lungrawk tai dap hpe mung, anhte jau jau n lu zing madu la kau ai majaw, hpyen wa dai hpe jahpai nna, laja lana hpyen n-gun kaba hte htim gasat wa ai hta, tinang maga n sum ging ai asak, du baw law law hte shara law law tat sum mat ai sha n-ga, mung masa lam hta mung shawa a makam ram ram hkrat sum mat saga ai. 2012 Ning, shaning ningnan grup-yin hta, Lun-grawk Tai Hpyen Dap hta masha n-gun (10) jan grup-yin sha, naw nga ai lam chye lu ai. Dai hpang daw kaw nna gaw, gau-ngwi ngwi masha n-gun wa jat mat ai re. 22.4.2012 ya hta, Hk. L.Y (29) hte Hk.M.Y (388) dap ni gaw pawng hpawm let, Mansau kawn lung wa ma ai. Ndai Masat (29) hte (388) dap ni lung wa ai hpe D/J Tingkaw La Ja hpung ni, KLR, Sniper ni hte hkap gap ai kaw (3-4) hkala si mat ma ai. Dai hpang, 24. 4. 2012 ya hta Hk.M.Y (320, 381,383) ni pawng hpawm nna malu masha hte machyu pala bai wa sa jat tawn manu ai. 16. 5. 2012 ya hta kalang mi, bai tai hpyen Hk. L. Y (40), Hk. M. Y (320, 388) pawng hpawm let, Lungrawk Hpy-endap de dap wa galai, malu masha, machyu pala wa jat na matu bai lung wa sai. Ndai kalang lung wa ai hpe n lu gap nna yu wa ai hpe

hkap gap ai majaw, gasat poi byin ai hta tai hpyen maga marai (7, 8) hkala hkrum ma ai. Tinang maga marai (3) myu hte mungdan a matu asak ap nawng mat, marai (3) hkala hkrum ai. Ndai kalang, Hk.L.Y (40) bai wa galai dung mat nna, Na Lung Balik dap hkan mung, army hkrai galai dung mat sai. Laja Yang maga de Hpyenman Up gaw Du Up Maran Zau Gawng rai nna, Ginjaw Shimlam Up Lat Du Up Jum Labya Naw Din a yu reng npu rai nga ai. GinjawShimlam Hpyen Hpung, Hpyen Du Shalat Jawng, Dap Ba (5), ABSDF Jawng-ma Dap ni pawng n-gun (100) grup-yin rai nga ai. Lungrawk hpe htim la kau na matsun n lu ai majaw, lung wa ai tai hpyen hpe hkap shingla gasat ai lam sha, galaw ding-yang, rai nga ai. 28.6.2012 ya hta mung, Hk. M. Y (320, 388, 384) pawng hpawm hpyen n-gun (200) daram kalang mi bai lung wa ai hta ti-nang hpung ni hkap nga ai kaw, gale pru wa ai majaw gasat poi bai byin sai. Ndai kalang na majan hta kaba ai ni hpyen wa hpe tak kaji nna npu na ni hpe maqjah htim shangun ai majaw, tinang maga sum machyi ai lam ni nga mat ai. Hpyen wa maga marai (20) jan si hkala nna, tinang maga Du

Dashi Tawng Li hte marai (6) hkrat sum, Du Jum Maji La Seng, Du Nhkai Zai Let Naw ni hte hpawn marai (13) hkala hkrum mat sai. 16. 9. 2012 ya hta mung, Hk. M. Y (381, 383, 388) pawng hpawm n-gun (200) ram bai lung wa nna dap galai malu masha, machyu pala wa sa lung wa ai hpe tinang maga grak di hkap gasat ai lam n nga ai. 1. 9. 2012 hta gaw, Taingmuh ningnan Tun Tun Naung galai nna M. P. Hk Taingmuh galaw nga sai. Ndai zawn, lang hte lang hpyen wa gaw malu masha hte machyu pala wa sa bang tik tik rai nga ai hpe tinang maga hkap shara gaw law, masha n-gun gaw n law, hpyen wa gaw masha n-gun law law hpe jai lang ai majaw, atsawm n lu shingla nga ga ai. 14. 12. 2012 ya hta kalang mi bai Ts. K.Hk (3) kata na Hk. M. Y (382, 383, 389) dap ni n-gun (360) ram hte Man Sai maga de na lung wa ma ai. Ndai kalang hta, tinang maga gaduk ni atsawm shagreng, gap wang ni hpe jasan nna hkap nga ga ai. Jahpawt 0530 AM ten Du Up Lala Gyung Dai (D-20 Up) woi awn hpung ni hkap nga ai shara, Hpunggyi Jawng de gale wa ai hta gasat poi matut manoi byin sai. Tai Hpyen ni matut manoi htim lahkrip lung ding-yang rai nga ai ten, B-3 Hpyen n-gun (40) jan hpe mung,


20 Hparat Pangla i Journal20 Hparat Pangla i Journal

Hpunggyi Jawng ntsa Gaw-kngu Kawng hta n-gun bai jat da lu sai. Tai Hpyen ni n lu lai lung ai majaw, Hpung-gyi jawng wang kata hkan, rawng jawng nga ai hpe ti-nang maga lu tawn ai laknak kaba 45mm, 60mm, M-18, AA Gun, 75mm, 120mm ni hte pai hkra gap matep tawn ai majaw, baw pyi n lu sharawt rai na si hkala ram ram law mat manu ai. Tai hpyen wa si hkala nau law mat ai majaw, shani ka-ang, ram hta, Helicopter (2) hte sa gap ya ma ai. Shana de gaw, tai hpyen ni htingnut mat wa manu ai. Shana hkying 0800 ram hta, tai hpyen wa tawn kau da ai hkala masha marai (7), sinat lau (7) hte hpawn, bawng hku lu rim woi la sai. Ning-sin sin mat ai majaw hpang jahpawt she, cleaning lu galaw ai hta, sinat machyu pala ni bai lu la ai. Ndai ga-sat poi hta hpyen wa maga si hkala (190) ram re lam chye lu ai. Tai hpyen wa kaw na sinat hpan hkum lau (8) hte machyu pala law law padang dip la lu sai.

Bumre Bum, Hpunpyen Bum, Hkaya Bum, Ntap Bum ni tat kau ra sai : 14. 12. 2012 ya shani na Laja Yang majan hta, tai hpyen wa maga, arum ara hkala hkrat sum mat ai majaw shanhte Myen shadip mag-am hpyen dap a sari hpe bai

gawgap la lu na matu, majan kaba bai waw mawn hkyen wa masai. Ndai zawn, sum machyi mat ai hte Lungrawk hpyendap hpe jahpai nna tinang K.I.O Ginjaw Laiza grup-yin na tsaw ai bum ni Zai Ningsang hku nna ahkyak ai shara ni hpe la kau na matu, maw mawn wa ai mung rai nga ai. Ndai zawn, maw mawn sa wa lu na matu mung, shanhte hku nna kalang gaw sa sum machyi hkam ya ai mung rai sai. Dai majaw, Taing-muh Tun Tun Naung gaw dai laman e sha Laja Yang grup-yin hkan na tinang K.I.A dap ni hpe (25.12. 2012) ya shani hpang jahtum tawn nna yen ya na matu, shadut jahkat ai ndau shana lam hpe galaw dat sai. 25.12.2012 ya du wa tim, tinang K.I.A dap ni yen ya ai lam hpa kumla n mu ai majaw, 25.12.2012 ya shani jang, Dap Ba (5) ni a shara rai nga ai Du Jum Tang Ja woi awn lit la ai Bum Sawn Bum hpe grup grup de nna laknak kaba hte gap sharu bun let, lu hkra zing la kau manu ai. Dai shara grup-yin rai nga ai Matse Bum, Tung Magyeng ni gaw Bumre Bum hpe htim gasat ai hta, laknak kaba shadun nna tang du du gap ya lu ai shara kaja ni rai nga ai. Bumre Bum hpe htim gasat ai hte shawoi tai ni laknak kaba gap gap re Hang Kai kaw

nna sha n-ga, Bum Sawn, Tung Magyeng, Matse Bum, Mansai, Lau Ying nbungli Pa hkan na mung, gap ai majaw marang si hkrat ai hpa, rai mat sai. 27.12.2012 ya kawn Mansai maga de nna hpyen n-gun (600) ram hte kalang mi bai lung wa masai. Hpung nkau mi hpe shawoi Lungrawk de lung ai hkrang hku galaw masu nna, Na Lung Jawng shin-gdu hku hpung mi, Hka Ya, Lau Ying Nga Nawng maga hku hpung mi, Na Lung Hpyendap hpe dahpran let, shara wa la mat manu ai. 28.12.2012 ya, shani Hkindu Kawng hpe bai dahpran let, sinat kaba ntaw ntsa gap sharu bun, nbungli hte lang hte lang gap rai nna, hpyen n-gun kaba hte Bumre Bum lawu Tang Gawng kadit zing la kau sai. Dai hpang 29.12.2012 ya hta Bumre hte Tang Gawng kadit lapran bai matut hkap shingla ai. 30.12.2012 ya shana de hkying 0400 ram hta, Bumre Bum hpe htingnut kau da sai. 1.1.2012 ya hta hpyen wa matut htim sa wa ai majaw, (23) Dap Dung hte Bumre Bum lapran sumup majan galaw ai hta, tai hpy-en wa a sinat lau (6) padang dip la lu ai. Bumre majan hta, tai wa maga (150) ram si hkala, tinang maga (8) hkra sum nna, marai (60) ram hkala hkrum mat sai.


21Hparat Pangla i Journal 21Hparat Pangla i Journal

Ndai Bumre tat mat ai gaw, Ginjaw Shimlam Hpyen Hpung Up wa hku nna hpy-en masa maram shut ai hta n-ga tai hpyen wa nbungli hte manu mana n-gun dat gap, bawm sa jahkrat, sinat kaba manu mana gap bun re majaw tinang hpyen hpung ni n lu shingdaw mat ai re. Tinang gaw hpyen wa lung wa na maga de numdaw numdan n lu galaw tawn, wang nhpan lam hte lam kum tawn ai lam n nga, hpyen wa hpe hpang maga de dingbai dingna jaw gap ai lam tang n du, hkap shingla ai hpyen hpung, law ma-lawng gaw ginra n kung, mahkrum madup n nga, gap kaduk ni n hkrak, gap wang mu wang n jasan lu nna hpyen wa gaw tinang hpe mu, tinang gaw hpyen wa hpe n mu, laknak machyu pala hta ra rawng ai lam, up-hkang yu rep ai lam shada hkri dun hkat ai lam n nga, ntsa hpyen hpe tang du du n lu makawp ya, tai wa a sinat kaba ni hpe tai htang gap shamyit kau lu ai lam n nga, myit marai hkrat sum mat, tai hpyen hpe tai htang htim shagrawt gasat lu ai lam n nga ai ni a majaw, tat kau ai re ngu mu mada ai. Hpun Pyen Bum maga de mung, 6-8.1.2013 laman tai hpyen wa sinat kaba, nbungli hpe manu mana jai lang nna gasat nga nu ai. 8.1.2013 ya shani Hpun

Pyen Bum tsaw dik htum ai kaw tai hpyen ni shara wa lu la kau sai. 13.1 .120 3 ya shani tsep kawp tat kau da sai. 8.1.2013 ya shani mung, Tinang Ginjaw Shimlam Hpyen Hpung ni Ntap Bum hpe yen kau da ra mat sai. 14.1.2013 ya jahpawt tai hpyen wa, Laiza Hka Chyang Lawk de sinat kaba gap bang dat ai majaw, Mungshawa marai (3) asak si sum nna, marai (3) hkala hkrum mat sai. 14.1.2012 ya mung, Hka Ya Bum makawp post rai nga ai Wai Maw Post hpe zing la kau sai. Dai hpang matut manoi hpyen n-gun (800) ram hte Wai Maw Post hpe dahpran la nna Lup Hka Kawng de htim gasat taw nga sai. Lup Hka Kawng gaw Hka Ya Bum marawn kaw na tsaw dik htum mung, rai nga ai. 19.1.2013 ya shani Gumsan Magam Thein Sein gaw, Laja Yang grup-yin shan-hte a htim gasat majan hpe jahkring sai nga, ndau masu nna tai dap ni gaw htim lung tik tik rai nga ai. Shani shagu hpyen n-gun law law, sinat kaba law law, nbungli hte n lu yang, lu hkra gasat nga lu ai. 24.1.2013 ya shana de maga hkying hkum mi laman sha, Lup Hka Kawng hpe sinat kaba 2000 lang dang grup grup de nna gap bun ai majaw, tinang maga si hkala masha law mat nna yen kau da sai. 26.1.2013

ya shani gaw hpyen wa a masha n-gun, laknak n-gun hpe n lu shingdaw mat ai majaw, tsepkawp yen kau da ra mat sai. Ndai majan hta, tinang maga marai (30) ram hkrat sum, hkala ai masha mung ram ram law mat sai. Tai hpyen wa maga mung, si hkala tsawmra law mat sai. Tinang maga Bumre, Hpunpyen Bum, Ntap Bum ni tat kau ai majaw, myit marai daw mat ai hte aten galu hkap shingla taw sai majaw pu ba mat ai. Kaga hpyen hpung ni hku nna hpyen wa a hpang lam hpe htim gap ya lu ai lam tang n du, hpyen wa a laknak masha n-gun ni hpe n lu shingdaw mat ai majaw, tat kau ra mat sai. Tai hpyen wa gaw tinang ginjaw ginra hpe Ts.K.Hk (3), Ts.K.Hk (21), M.P.Hk kata na dap ni, Dap Nu (101), Dap Nu (88) na hpyen n-gun (3000) ram jailang ai hpe chye lu ai. Ndai zawn, tinang K.I.O Ginjaw grup-yin tsaw ai Bum ni, ahkyak ai shara ni hpe tat sum kau ai gaw, tai hpyen wa a Lungrawk hpyen dap, Na Lung Balik dap hpe jau n lu la kau ai majaw, rai nga ai. Lama, Lungrawk de malu, masha, machyu pala wa sa ai hpe n hkap Shing1a jang mung, tai wa Lungrawk hpe dahpran shatai nna Bumre ni la kau wa na sha, rai nga ai. Laiza grup-yin bum tsaw ai hkan hpyen wa



dung mat ai majaw, wanglu wanglang hpawng de lu ai lam ni hpe tat sum kau let, galoi mi she sinat kaba gap bun wa na hpe maja let chyu nga ra mat sai. 19.11.2014 hta, Hpyen Du jawng hpe gap bun ai zawn, lang hte lang hkrum sha wa sai. Shadip Magam Hpyen Dap hpe lu sha shakyet jang, ta sharawt asum jaw na re ngu maram shut kau ai mung, rai sai.

Ga hpungdim: Ndai laika hta lawm ai gasat poi ni a lam hpe guji guyang n ka bang ai gaw, laika ngau grai galu mat na tai ai majaw mung re. Ndai kaw, Masen Bum, Ntap Bum, Yi Hku Kawng, Nam San hkan gap hkat ai gasat poi ni n lawm ai. Lahta de na lawnglam ni gaw, yawng jaw sai ngu n lu masat na re. Laika ka ai wa mu hkrum katut ai sha re. Ndai laika gaw anhte wuhpung wuhpawng hpe shada ahtik ahtawk, n ru n ra byin shangun wa ai hku n rai u ga, shut shai lai mat wa sai hpe jawm shading sharai la lu na hpe myit mada ai lam san san sha re, ngu ai hpe chyena shangun mayu ai. Marai langai ngai hpe tsun jaw mayu ai lam n re. Laika ka ai wa a ningmu sha re majaw, shut shai ra rawng ai ni nga na re majaw, jawm shading sharai la gaq ngu gar sawq dat ai rai.

Kachin Amyusha Hpyen Madung - Kani Nanghpam

(Uneradicable Narcotic Drug & Opium in Myanmar)

B.D. Maran

To answer the guestions given by Prof. John

Walsh (Shinawatra Uni-versity, Bangkok) for the sake of JJ Lum Dau's Ph.D thesis requirements, first of all I need to explain the background story of the illegal drugs in Myanmar briefly so that it may be more clear what I want to mean. Myanmar is being listed as the world's second largest opium poppy grower after Afghanistan. Besides,

it has a long history since the begining of the Chinese Opium War in 1840. As part of Britain efforts to expand the market for its industrial products and to secure more sources of industrial raw material, Britain launched a war against China - The Opium War. From the early 19th century, Britain and other western countries be-gan to smuggle opium into China. The opium cultivat-ed in India brought huge



profits to British merchants. Not only did British traders profits from the trade in opium, the British govern-ment did too. Before it, no much more data regarding opium in Myanmar were available. By 1860 local pro-duction was still only sup-plying a small portion of the domestic market, although there had been a remarkable expansion. Chinese sources reported in 1736 that opium cultivation was common in parts of Yunnan Province where China borders Myan-mar. A century later opium production in Yunnan had increased significantly and opium had become one of the major products on the market in the provincial capital city, Kunming. Opi-um cultivation in Southeast Asia itself was introduced from Yunnan Province and in the 18th century it spread to northern My-anmar - especially Kachin State and Shan State - and Laos. Following the Muslim (Panthay) revolt in Yunnan in 1868 and its suppression in 1873, opium cultivation quickly expanded to the Kokang and Wa regions in Myanmar's northern Shan state, a major regional trade route. The sudden decline in production in China was one reason for the increase in opium cultivation in My-anmar, Thailand and Laos

during the Cold War. While World War II was over, the Southeast Asia region continued to be plagued by war. Following the defeat by Mao Zedong's People's Liberation Army, remnants of the KMT (Kuomintang) army withdrew to northern Burma. The KMT became heavily involved in the opium trade and was the first to organise trading in the border regions of My-anmar, Thailand and Laos. Although the KMT as an armed force has disappeared since the mid-1980s, the local and international trade routes and networks that were established during that time still exist, and many of the players in the drugs trade originate from or had close links with the KMT. The Golden Triangle region where Myanmar, Laos and Thailand meet has long been becoming with opium production and narcotic drug trafficking. During the British colonial period in Myanmar, opium was more flourishing than before British coming. When My-anmar obtained the inde-pendence and the British departed from Myanmar in 1948, the evil of illegal drugs started by British and Chinese was remaining and it has been growing more and more in the country. All these illegal drug issues

are almost everywhere in Myanmar. Therefore all people have at least their own experience with illegal drugs. As a good citizen of the country, We have the national duty which is to improve the circumstances in the connection of illegal drugs in Myanmar. The destruction of societies by narcotic drug abuse has become even more serious than the loss of lives in conventional war. The illicit production of narcotic drugs in con-flict-torn country has been an enormous hindrance to the establishment of sus-tainable peace. In here, such conditions have long pre-vailed. Due to narcotic drug addiction, many Kachins and other nationality peo-ples have been tragically reduced to living an inhu-man existance. Consumers using heroin and morphine, either for smoking, snort-ing or injecting are much more harmful than those in which opium is used. The conditions under which they subsist are among the worst experienced by any drug victims in any oth-er part of the world. As a consequence, many drug addicts have suffered from illness and deadly diseases, including HIV, AIDS, and large number have died abject misery. It not only



harms people's health, but also drains the money. The morale and strength of the revolutionary army are also harmed with the increase of drug addiction in the ranks. All these problems my family, friends and neigh-bors have experienced with illegal drugs are woeful to the nation. In Myanmar, the illegal drugs cause many problems which we can see in social life, family life, health, economy, religion, cor-ruption and stealing, ... etc and politics. In fact, all the problems mentioned as above are caused by illegal drugs in the ways of drug abuse, addict, production, traffick-ing. The illegal drugs are the unliving thing and these can not be moved unless someone takes. But it has the very extraordi-nary power. People know it which can cause the serious evil consequences. But peo-ple do it according to their desires. Therefore, here I would like to point out that human beings are the first trouble makers in all these illegal drugs. The second thing is the illegal drugs made by people. Among all these problems, I would like to explain only the unpeace-ful politics in which the illegal drugs are being in-

volved actively in Myanmar. In response to the rebellion in Shan State, in 1963 Gen. Ne Win introduced the "Ka Kwe Ye" (KKY) programme. This initiative allowed for the creation of local mili-tias to fight the insurgents, including the Shan State Army (SSA). In return, the KKY militias were allowed to rule their areas relatively undisturbed. But instead of "counter-insurgency", most

of these militias became heavily involved in the opium trade and the gen-eral lawlessness and chaos in Shan State increased. The most well known of the KKY were led by Lo Hsing-han (Lou Xinghan) in the Kokang region and by Khun Sa at Loi Maw in northern Shan State. After Gen. Ne Win abandoned the KKY scheme in 1973, Lo Hsing-han and the smaller Wa KKY led by Maha San went underground and teamed up with their former enemies, the SSA. Together

with Khun Sa, which had gone underground earlier to become the Shan Unit-ed Army (SUA), they later emerged at the Thai border with what they claimed was the bulk of the annual opi-um harvest. Lo Hsing-han was arrested near the border by the Thai authorities and extradited to Yangon and sentenced to death in 1976. He was released during the 1980 amnestry and now is

the "godfather" of the drug trade from Kokang. Following his release during the 1980 amnesty, Lo Hsing-han had been given two million kyats by the govern-ment to build a new military camp at the so-called "Salween Village" in the Nam

Pawng area, Southeast of Lashio in Shan State. Later he became an important go-between in talk between the government and the breakaway groups from the Communist Party of Bur-ma (CPB) in 1989. After Lo Hsing-han's arrest, Khun Sa, who had been released from jail in 1973 in exchange for two Russian doctors kid-napped by his SUA, became the new "King of Opium". By the mid-1980s, Khun Sa's SUA had emerged as one of the strongest armies along the Thai border by forging,



and in some cases forcing, alliances with other Shan armed groups and former KMT forces. In the 1990s Khun Sa's army, renamed the Mong Tai Army (MTA), was firmly in control of vast areas of land along the Thai border. In January 1996, after the MTA came under increased pressure, Khun Sa invited the Myanmar army into his Homong headquar-ters and surrendered. Both Lo Hsing-han and Khun Sa have, in turn, been branded as "Kings of Opium", but both of them went to live in Yangon, where Khun Sa died in October 2007. This serves as a good example of the many surprising twists and turns in Shan insurgent politics. It is clear that all actors - including from the government - are involved in the drug trade in one way or another. The civil war which is still fighting on began in 1948. It is the longest civil war in the world. The civil war effecting areas are only on ethnic lands, not in proper Myanmar area. As a matter of fact, what they call the peace process works have been functioning since Gen. Ne Win's announcement of a general amnesty on 1 April, 1963. Now, it is again entering with the new cos-metic terminology - the 21st Century Panglong Confer-

ence : Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement. All the doings in the past had never car-ried to complete. The junta government introduced again the Pyi Thuq Sit (PTS) people's militias programme after the disbanding of the KKY. The way they go is the same tunnel as Gen. Ne Win did. The unfinishable peace process in Myanmar is anyhow involved with the illegal drugs behind the real currency curtain of the Myanmar Tatmadaw Army which is firmly holding its position above the laws and the 2008-Constitution. In the case of Myanmar, regarding the illegal drugs, it is different with other countries' situations. Here in Kachin, we have the "Pat Jasan Hpung", which is the Narcotic Drugs Eradication Committee. They are doing to eliminate opium cultiva-tion, to ban the use of illicit drugs and to enforce the ban on any activity of buy-ing or selling illicit drugs. They have the programmes - providing rehabilitation programmes for drug addicts and implementing crop substitution projects. And they also try to persuade with the Biblical ser-mon spiritually.

But we have not seen much more fruitful successes. It is because of its deep and wide network and being involved internationally. To improve the situation in Myanmar with respect to illegal drugs, the Myanmar military politic system is needed to end completely. Once the Myanmar military political influence is removed from the Hlutdaw (parliament) and government body, and the 2008-Constitution is re-formed into what the people are demanding, then there will be sure to see the real peace in Myanmar. And we hope there will be no more illegal drugs. For Myanmar, it is the only major meth-od way to clean the illegal drugs. Unless the present Myanmar political situation is transformed, it is defini-tively impossible to improve from the illegal drug world. In order to improve the situation in Myanmar, the only main way is to remove the military influence from the Myanmar political stage to barrack.



SHAKUT SHAJAQ NGA GAQ OI(Kasi yu lah hpar Tarah Rapdawq - Tarah Agyi Dajuq Kaba Nhkang Tu)

Bum Shingnoi

Anhte Kachin amyusha ni htaq, hpaji hparat chye ai muqnu ninghkring ni lawq lawq nga ra sai. Lachyum gaw, ti-nang mungh ngwip-yaw rawtjat wa na matu, ti-nang mungh masha ni nan, lit nga nga ai. Anhte

ni n-gup n-gau hku nna sha, "mungh tsawq mungh raq" n mai nga ai. Taqtut shanglawm gunhpai ra nga sai. Mung-dan uphkang nga ai gawnghkrang ni hkan, shanglawm galaw ra nga sagaq ai. Yaq gaw, ninggup hku tsun taw nga tim, shanglawm gunhpai galaw ai yiqngam n nga nga ai majaw, ti-nang hkum nan wa, hpa mung n chye kau dat ai mabyin ni nga nga ai. N chye lu ai satlawat ni mung, nga nga ai. Magam gun kaja rai nga na matu, ti-nang hkum nan mung, mung-dan bungli bungsi ni hpe gunhpai ra

nga ai. Bungli bungsi ngu ai htaq, arawng ningsang lawm nga ai. Arawng lah hpa rai nga ai. Yaq gaw, Kachin ramma nkau ni, shadip magam bungli muh gun n galaw mayu nga ai. Grai ningtawn ram

ai ramma nkau ni gaw, NGO, CSO ni hpang deq, du matwa nga ai. Bai nna lawq malawng gaw, maigan mungdan ni deq, sa nga pra matwa ai. Mungdan magam muh gun ai htaq, ramma ni shanglawm gunhpai nga ai rai yang, mungdan gaw rawt galu kaba na rai nga ai. Mungdan aq matu hteq mungh shawa ni aq mah-kau, kungzet ai ramma ni raladawn nga ai. Yaq yang eh, anhte ni aq amyusha ni gaw, tarawng tarah upadi lawnglam ni, mungh masa ginlam ni chyena hkawn-hkrang hkra, myit sawn sumru dinglik atsam ning-jah n nga shajang ai zawn, byin nga ai. Dai majaw, "kaja ai, n kaja ai, jaw ai, n jaw ai" lawnglam ni hpe n ding-lik lu wa ai. Masha ni tsun masuq ai hpe chyu kam wa sai majaw, dainih Kachin ni mayak mahkak jamjau kindut nga taw sai. Nhtiq nhtang sumru dinglik ra sai ngu, tsun mayu nngai. Anhte mungh aq matu, tarawng tarah upadi mach-yoi muqnu ni lawq lawq raladawn nga ai.



Anhte aq mungdaw tarah rapdawq, tarah agyi dajuq Nhkang Tu (Slg. Tuh Jar) gaw, ndai madang sat-lawat lu shadu na mahkau, aten ahkying ni lawq lawq arang bang, jailang shakut wa nuq ai. Mayak mahkak manuq manaq shakut tawt-lai wa nuq ai, re. Shiq aprat eh, shakut shajaq laiwa sai majaw, yaq nah zawn tarah agyi dajuq kaba, byin wa ai. Kachin amyusha ni arawng lah hpar tarah agyi dajuq kaba langai mi byin tai wa lu hkra, shakut shajaq ai arang hpe sakjawq laiwa nuq ai, re. Karai Kasang jailang akyu jashawn ai byin wa na mung, samnang maka kap ra nga ai. Yaq prat nah ram-ma ni, "dainih nah ramma, hpawtnih nah ningbaw" ngu ai hku nna ningbaw ninglar ni byin tai wa na matu, mag-am dap shara shagu muh gun lawm nang wa ra nga sai. Shanglawm ra nga sagaq ai. Mungh hteq amyusha hpe tsawq raq yang, ti-nang gara yiqngam eh raitim, shanglawm let gunhpai na hpe ti-nang hkum nan, sumru dawqdan lah nht-awm, shakut shajaq nga gaq. Shadut nna n re sha, ti-nang nan dawqdan nht-awm, gunhpai galaw sa wa ai gaw grau nna masan sa awngdang nga ai, re. Mahtai gaw, myit lawm dinglik ngut

nna dawqdan shaprawq wa ai, rai sai. Ngangkang nga sai. Tarah agyi dajuq kaba Nhkang Tu (Slg. Tuh Jar) zawn, dingman kangkaq shakut shajaq ai mungdan masha lawq lawq ra nga ai. Democracy samaq mawng gayau pruwa ai aten, Slg. Thein Sein aq hpyen daw-chyen hkrang shadip mag-am lak-htak eh, Kachin ni htaq, shawng ningnan byin wa ai mungdaw tarah agyi dajuq kaba rai nga luq ai. Shinggyim masha prat hpe asum n jawq let, dingding manman shakut shajaq jaw matwa ai majawq, mungdan nna ra ai shara eh, lit ap ya hkrum nga uq ai. Arawng lah hpar mung, byin nga sai. Ramma ni kasi yu lah hpar, rai nga ai. Byin ai wa mi raitim, raq ai (samnang maka kap ai) wa, nawq rai ra nga ai. Mungdan hteq amy-usha matu, arawng ningsang langai tai nga nuq ai. Shiq aq myit dingman kangkaq hprawsan ai shawang jasat jasa ni gaw, hpaji hparat lah hpar, arawn alai ni nan, rai nga sai. Shi zawn, lawq lawq pawpru wa nna Kachin ramma ni mung, ti-nang man ang ai yiqngam deq, shakut shajaq sa wa gaq ngu, sawq shagah dat nngai oi!

၆၇ ၾကမေျမာက နာဂျပညသ႕ဆႏၵခယပြလြနခေသာ ၆၇ ခႏစ ၁၉၅၁ ဒေန႔ေမလ ၁၆ ရကတြင နာဂအမးသားေကာငစမ ဥးေဆာငျပး နာဂျပညသ႔ ဆႏၵခယပြက ကငးပခသည။ ထဆႏၵခယပြတြင ၉၉.၉ ရာခငႏႈနး နာဂျပညသလထမ ယခငဘးဘြား ေခတကအတငး နာဂအမးသားတ႔သည လြတလပသည ႏငငအျဖစသာ ရပတညသြားမည ျဖစေၾကာငး တညတညြတတညး ဆႏၵမ ေပးခၾကသည။ အႏၵယႏင ဗမာႏငငတ႔ လြနလပေရးမရမ နာဂအမးသားေကာငစမ ၁၉၄၇ ခႏစ ၾသဂတလ ၁၄ ရကတြင လြတလပေရးေၾကညာချခငးက အတညျပသည အေနျဖင ထျပညသ႔ ဆႏၵခယပြက ကငးပချခငး ျဖစသည။ နာဂအမးသားေရးသည ၁၉၁၈ ခႏစ ေအာကတဘာလတြင (Naga Club) ဖြ႕စညးချခငးမ စချခငးျဖစသည။ ထနာဂကလပမ ၁၉၂၉ ခႏစ ဇနန၀ါရလ ၁၀ ရကတြင ဆမြနေကာမရငအား သမငး၀င စာတမး တငချခငးမ နာဂသမငးတြင အေရးအသားျဖင သမငးစတငချခငး ျဖစသည။ ထစာတမးတြင နာဂ အမးသားတ႔သည

(67)Budrfajrmufem*jynfolUqE´cH,lyGJ

Naga Wondin



ဘးဘြားေခတကအတငး လြတလပသည ႏငငအျဖစသာ ရပတညမည၊ နာဂအမးသားမားအား မသေစပ နာဂႏငငအား တျခားအမးသားမား လကထအပမသြားရန ျပနသားစြာ ေျပာချခငးျဖစသည။ ထနာဂကလပမ ထတေဖာခ သည နာဂအမးသားတ႔၏ ရပတညခကအတငး အေကာင အထည ေဖာရန ၁၉၄၆ ခႏစ ေဖေဖာ၀ါရလ ၂ ရကတြင နာဂ ကလပက အမညေျပာငးျပး နာဂအမးသားေကာငစ ဟဖြ႕စညး လာျပး နာဂတငးျပည၏ အခပ အျခာအာဏာက ကာကြယရန နာဂအမးသားတ႔ မားမား မတမတ ရပတညလာခသည။ သ႔ျဖစ၍ ဒတယကမာၻစစ ေနာကပငး ကမာၻ႔ႏငငေရး အေျပာငးအလ အခနကာလတြင နာဂအမးသားေကာငစမ နာဂႏငငသည လြတလပသည ႏငငျဖစေၾကာငးက ကမာၻသ ေအာင အထကတြင ေဖာျပသည အတငး လြတလပေရး ေၾကညာခ ျခငးျဖစသည။ ေနာငတခနတြင နာဂႏငင၏ လြတလပေရးက အျခားႏငငမားမ စနေခၚမႈ (challenge) မျပႏငရန လြတလပေၾကညာရန မလအပ ေသာလညး လြတလပေရး ေၾကညာချခငးျဖစသည။ ထသ႔ လြတလပေရး မေၾကညာခပါက ၁၉၂၉ ခႏစ နာဂကလပမ တငသြငးခသည သ၀ဏလႊာ စာတမးသည အလဟသသာ ျဖစသြားမညျဖစသည။ လြတလပေရး ေၾကညာချခငးေၾကာင ထစာတမးသည နာဂ သမငးတြင အေျခခ

သမငးျဖစလာခသည။ ထ႔ျပင လြတလပေရး ေၾကညာချခငးက ျပညသ႕ဆႏၵခယျခငးျဖင အတညမျပခ ျပနလလညး လြတလပေရး ာေၾကညာျခငးသည တရား၀ငျဖစႏငမည မဟတေပ။ သ႔ျဖစ၍ ျပညသ႔ဆႏၵခယပြျဖင နာဂ အမးသား ေကာငစက လညး တငးျပညအတြက လပပင ခြင ေျပာပငဆပငခြင အာဏာ ပါ၀ါက ျပညသလထမ အပႏငးခ ျခငးျဖစသည။ ယေန႔ကမာၻတြင အမးသား မား၏ ေနာငေရးအတြက ျပညသ႔ ဆႏၵခယပြျဖင ဆးျဖတျခငး ေခတစားလာ ေနသညအခန တြင နာဂအမသားမားသည ေခါငးေဆာငၾကး ဖဇ၏ အေမာ အျမငၾကးမႈေၾကာင လြနခေသာ ၆၇ ခႏစခနတြင နာဂအမးသားမား၏ ေနာငေရးအတြက ျပညသ႔ ဆႏၵ ခယပြ ကငးပချပးသား ျဖစသည။ ထ ဆႏၵ ခယချခငးသည ယေန႔ တငလညး တရား၀ငရဆ ျဖစသျဖင. နာဂအမးသားမား အေနျဖင တျခားထပ၍ ဆႏၵခယပြ ကငးပရန မလေတာပါ။ ထလပခ ျပးသား သမငးက အေျခချပး ယေန႔မးဆကသစ လငယမားမ စြမးစြမးတမ ကမာၻမ နာဂႏငင၏ လြတလပေရးက အသအမတျပရန အတြက လပေဆာငသြားရနသာ လပါေတာသည။ နာဂႏငငသည လြတလပ သည ႏငင အျဖစသာ ရပတညမည ျဖစေၾကာငးက ျဗတသအစးရသာ ေျပာခသည မဟတပါ၊ လြတလပေရး ဖခငၾကးမား ျဖစခၾကသည ဗမာ အမးသား ေခါငးေဆာငမား ဗလခပေအာငဆနး၊ ဥးႏ၊ အႏၵယ အမးသား ေခါငးေဆာငမား ျဖစခၾကသည မဟတမဂႏၵ၊

ေနရးႏင ဆဘာစခနဒရာဘးစ တ႔ အားလညး ေခါငးေဆာငၾကး ဖဇမ ပြငပြငလငးလငး ေျပာခ သည။ သတ႔ အားလးမ နာဂအမး သားတ႔သည လြတလပသည ႏငငအျဖစ ရပတညပငခြင အျပည အ၀ရေၾကာငး ေျပာခၾကသည။ ေနရးေျပာခသညမာ နာဂ နယေျမ အား အႏၵယ ေသာလညးေကာငး၊ ဗမာ ေသာလညးေကာငး မပင ေၾကာငး ၁၉၄၆ ခႏစ ၾသဂတလ အႏၵယ အမးသား လႊတေတာတြင ေျပာခသည။ သတ႔ လြတလပေရးမရမ ေျပာခသည အတငးသာ နာဂႏငင၏ လြတလပေရးက အႏၵယႏင ဗမာ ႏငငတ႔မ အသအမတျပတခၾကပါက နာဂႏငငသည တခတညးသာ ျဖစမည။ ဗမာ-အႏၵယ ႏငငတ႔တြင ခြေနမည မဟတေတာေပ။ သ႔ေသာ သတ႔ လြတလပေရး ရျပး စတေျပာငးသြားကာ ၁၉၅၃ ခႏစတြင နာဂအမးသားမား မသေစပ ထအခန အႏၵယ-ဗမာႏငင ၀နၾကးခပမားျဖစခၾကသည ေနရးႏင ဥးႏတ႔မ နာဂႏငငက ခြယခၾကျပး ၁၉၅၅ ခႏစတြင သတ႔စစတပမား နာဂႏငငသ႔ ေစလႊတကာ ကလနကၽြနျပရန စသငလာခသျဖင ျပနာ စတငလာချခငးျဖစသည။ သ႔ျဖစ၍ ယေန႔တင ဖျပနာ မေျဖရငးႏငေသးပ ရေနျခငး ျဖစသည။ ဤျပနာက တးတက ဖြ႔ျဖးေရး လပေပးျခငး ႏင အထး ျပညနယေပးျခငး စသညတ႔ျဖင ေျဖရငးႏငမည မဟတေပ၊ နာဂ အမးသားတ႔၏ လြတလပေရးက အသအမတ ျပျခငးျဖငသာလင ေျဖရငးရမညျဖစသည။



KRAW HKRAT SHARUNG SHAYAWTSlg. Maji Ma San, Asak 56 Ning

(Simsa ai mungkan e, hkringsa ningngai mat sai)

Hpan Ja (Mangshi)

Goi ye… daihpot na ulat hpunggam goi, Somrom nhtoi htoi ten ndai oi, Hpa majo ngai ye ayon myiprui hto shangun ai rai kun lo. Maji dung gashu, Maji Mala ma ni a lam woi shanan nang sha chyau, Mani sha sharang u, awai u ngu dangam tsun nga yang lo, Nang sha chyau go, gadai hpe pyi matsan n dum hkra.Shingyo myiman gayin kau nna, atsu ga de nan tom rai mat wa sindai le i. Ya kon nna go, ngai San wa nga shaga dat yang wa i!Oi… ya nga nna htan ai nsen nan nan n na mat sai ga rai sai i! Hkunmyin ga lung yang, annau ni hpo da ai gat zon rai hkra woi pyo chyai ai Maji Ma San wa go,Bok gade tsora let hkan shaga tim, gatsan ga de she shingyo myiman yong mat wa sit hka i! Atso ga de na lamu ga go gatsi gatsang rai na re le i!

Nang go masin gaba ai hpe machyu nna hkom bang mat wa sindin i! Mado go nang a gahpa ko mara ai lit nau li ai n dang hpai mat ai wa rai n ni! nani yan ma ni nang hpe sa gawan yang, lawan mai wa u ga ngu wa,Datbung n dem go Bok a nga lo dingsa, myit malai hpang hkrat lam she rai mat sahka! San wa e… ngainau San wa, Bok shaga nga ai le… Shawoi na zon oi ya ngu galang

sha pyi htan yu na atsam htum mat sani? Daini ko nna go, jiwoi dap hta hpunjum hpaiju ai Maji Ma San a shing-ran go gatsi nan gatsi mat na sai i! Maji dinghku hta mung dohpum donu kangai yet, agong kya, garen gari nga ta na saga lo, goi ye! Hpan wa ningsang chyewa ningchyang mung myi n hpo mat nit dai lo! Nang shi hpe shakung shapan ton nna me shawa akyu lolo no sak shangun u le, hparai nji n-gu bai hkan woi la kau n ta e! Ya daini anhte hkrap ngu hkrap ngoi hte shaga maron nga ga ai le, galang sha pyi htan dat shangun u le!San wa e, San wa, nang a magyep kap la ai shingyo myiman nsam wa i,Bok hpe shing-ran shatai da sindai ga re ni? Nang sha chyau go alum ala re dinghku shakrang kau da, lo htam ai makyin jingh-ku ni hpe koi kau da, gatsan ga de gade pyo na shadu nna wa wa mat sani e?



MAJI MA SAN AQ PRATTangbau Hkawng Lum, HLD

Sara Kaba Maji Ma San gaw 1962 ning, January shata, Yinkyang Ginwang Yinkyang hta, shangai wa nhtawm, 2018 ning, July sha-ta 29 ya jahpawt hkying 4:00 AM hta dinghta ga kawn wai mat wa sai. 1985 ning hta e Yunnan Kunming N law amyusha Dakkasu jawng kaw B.A Janmau hpe gup la lu sai. Jawng ngut ai kaw nna, Yunnan Jinghpaw Laili Laika Shapraw Dap hta myusha magam lit hpe gunhpai wa ai gaw, shi n nga mat ai shani du hkra rai nga ai. Magam gun nga ai ten ladaw hta, Yunnan Myusha Magam, Pati Amu Madu Magam lit hte Myusha Laili Laika Mag-am Dap hta Editor magam hpe mung gunhpai lit la lai wa sai. 2010 ning hta Miwa Gumsan Mungdan Kum-myunit Pati Hpung Shang Masat hpe lu la lai wa sai.

Sara Kaba Maji Ma San gaw, shanhte Miwa Gumsan Mungdan Kummyunit Pati hpe tsawra hkungga manu shadan chye ai hta n-ga, tinang Jinghpaw Wunpawng Myusha ni a Laili Laika, Htunghking hpe tsawra ai, tinang myusha hpe lam woi ningshawng tai lai wa ai Sara Kaba langai mung, rai nga mali ai. Jinghpaw Htunghking hte Laili Laika Magam Dap hta Magam gun lai wa ai 30 ning laman hta, lu shapraw dat ai laika hpan yawng pawng 60 jan rai nga ai. Miwa laika gasi gahkum rai yang, mun 3000 ram rawng ai laikabuk ni rai nga ai. Laika law malawng gaw, laika hti shawa masha ni hpe hpaji jaw, akyu rawng ai laika ni rai nga ai. Sara Kaba Maji Ma San lit la woi awn nna shapraw ai laili laika hta na, “Jinghpaw Htunghking, Hani amyusha htunghking, Achang amyusha htungh-king” ndai laikabuk ni gaw

Miwa Gumsan Mungdan hta No. 13 lang na laili laika kaja Ningtawn kumhpa hte No. 8 lang na Yunnan laili laika kaja Ningtawn kumh-pa hpe hkam la lu ai rai nga ai. Jinghpaw htunghking hkrang mu laikabuk hte Yunnan Ginwang Daw Laili Laika Magam Dap kaw nna, shagrau ai kumhpa hpe No. 2 hku nna hkam la lai wa sai. Lahta e shi lu mat wa ai laika ni hpe Miwa Gumsan Mung-dan ting na kaja dik htum ai laika jahpan kaw mung bang la hkrum lai wa sai. Sara Maji Ma San tsun lai wa sai hta na ga hkaw langai mi gaw “Myusha lan-gai mi rawtjat na matu gaw htunghking hte laili laika gaw ahkyak dik htum re” nga nna, myusha ni hpe hpaji jaw lai wa sai. Sara Kaba gaw myusha magam bungli hta kangka ai hte sharawng sharaq shanglawm gunhpai ai hta n ga, Jinghpaw laili laika htunghking hte seng ai



laika law law hpe mung, ka shapraw lai wa sai. Myusha ni yawng a kamhpa manoi manat ging ai Sara Kaba langai mi mung, rai nga ai. Shi jawng naw lung nga ai ten kaw nna gashagawp ni sumroi, sumrai ni law law hpe ka lai wa sai. Dai hta n-ga, Yunnan myu-sha Nsen Shapoi Dap hta mung, Jinghpaw nsen shiga ni hte kaga myusha magam bungli law law hta yawng a kasi la hpa Sara Kaba langai mi rai nga ai. Sara Kaba ka lai mat wa ai “Manau Jaiwa, Hkungran Jaiwa” laika ni gaw anhte Jinghpaw Wun-pawng myusha ni a matu akyu rawng manu dawdan n lu ai laika ni nan rai nga ai. Sara Kaba gaw myusha shada ginghka ai lam n nga ai. Ang ai bungli hpe shara n lata ai sha, kangka ai hte gunhpai lai wa ai. Anhte Jinghpaw Wun-pawng sha ni a htunghking hpe tsawra let, myusha lam yan hta galoi mung madi shadaw apnawng lai wa sai. Sara Kaba n nga mat ai gaw, anhte Wunpawng myusha ni a matu, sum kaba langai mi nan rai nga ai. Dai majaw, anhte myu-sha ni Sara Kaba hpe kasi kaja tawn let, tinang ang ai myusha magam lit hta kangka sadi dung shakut shaja ging nga ga ai.

SHADUM JAHPRANG GA KABASlg. Nsang Tu Awng

Ndai ya na ginra kaw Nhpaw ngu nna shawng nnan du bang wa ai gaw Duleng Dingga ni re. Dai majaw, Dumsa Jaiwa ga kaw tsun da ai gaw "Nhpaw lat ai gaw Duleng, Hpunlat tai ai gaw Shingteng" ngu na tsun ai re. Shingteng hpun ngu ai gaw bum ga hkan nau n kaba ai sha, tu ai hpun kaji hpan mi re. Daini anhte na Duleng ni, Dingga ni wa Majoi Shing-ra Bum kaw nna Putao ga de kabye shang wa ai grai na mat sai. Shaning tsa kaba, hkying hku rai mat sai. Raitim mung, shanhte gaw grai wa galu kaba hkra n nga ai, grai wa damlada hkra n nga ai hpe mu lu ai. Shawng e du ai ni gaw dai kaw nga nna, hpang e du ai ni gaw lai mat wa, lai mat re hku ang ai. Daini na prat hta gaw, Jinghpaw ga pyi n kam shaga mat ai, anhte amyusha

ni wa, Htaw! kaga amyu ni a ga hpe gaw manu mana manu shadan ai. Dai re majaw, Jinghpaw ngu ai ga kaw e, Laika ga hte ginru ginsa ga ngu nna nga ai. Ginru ginsa ga hpe gaw, ndai Jaiwa dumsa ga kaw lang ai. Laika ga hpe gaw, ya na prat ban ramma ni tsun shaga lang ai. Kaja wa, ginru ginsa ga hpe kadai wa grau lang a ta nga yang, Kala mung na Jinghpaw ni grau lang ai. Dai gaw ginru ginsa ga re ai. Ya anhte shaga taw nga ai gaw laika ga re. Sr. Kaba Dr. Hanson, Jinghpaw laika galaw ya ai kaw nna ndai laika ga shaga mat wa ai lam re. Moi gaw masha ngu ai n nga ai, masha hpe "Nhpaw" ngu nna tsun lang ai re. Hkahku ga hkan na ni ya mung masha hpe "Nhpaw" ngu nna tsun lang nga ai.



Myen wa sa tim, Nhpaw ngu nna tsun ai, Miwa wa sa tim Nhpaw grai law ai ngu she tsun ai. Dai re majaw, daini anhte labau hku sa ra ai. Labau n nga ai hku, sa woi awn ai Ningbaw Ningla ni gaw lani myi dingnye lu na re. N lu na hkum shadu, labau hku sa ra ai. Lamu kaw na hkrat wa ai n re. Ga kaw nna mati zawn rai, tu wa ai n re. Labau hku nna sa wa ai re. Ginru ginsa hku nna hkrat wa ai re. Daini gara mungdan kaw du du anhte gaw ginru ginsa hku hkrat wa ai re. Anhte a Jiwoi Jiwa ni gabye da ai lamuga nga ai. Daini anhte Kachin mungdaw ngu ai Jinghpaw mung, ndai wa loi loi hte sha lu da ai n re. Manu Mana gasat gala nna lu da ai lamuga re. Moi na mungdu ni ban hte ban gasat tawn da ai. Hpyen hte hpyen gasat nna lu tawn da ai re. Ya Myen ni hpe gasat ai zawn re n re. Le!, Cambo-dia, Vietnam, Yudia du mat wa ai ni hte gasat hkat ai re. Daini na ni she, chyalu lu da ai kaw dumsi hkinjawng ai baw rai taw nga ai. Daini she Sara galaw taw nga ai. Mi na nga taw nga ai madu ni gaw, hpa n chye tsun mat, madu n tai mat rai taw nga ai. Lawu ga de na ni mung lung hkrai lung wa, sinpraw sinna de na Kala, Miwa yawng du hkrai du kaput mat wa ai. Tinang amyu ni

gaw tinang ga hpe Tinang a Jiwoi Jiwa ni a labau hpe n hkan ai sha, galaw yang gaw hpang jahtum e mat mat wa na re. Masha ni gasat nna n mat ai, tinang a Ningbaw Ningla ni lam shadam woi nna she, mat wa nga ai. Ti-nang amyusha lam, tinang a htunghking lam ni hpe gah-kyin gumdin lam n galaw ai. Jinghpaw Laika galaw ai gaw Sr. Kaba Dr. Hanson rai ai, re. Dai galaw ai shaloi, Manmaw ga, Hkahku ga Jinghpaw ga shaga ai ni gade galaw lawm ai kun?, n chye ai. Jinghpaw ga ni n shaga ai ni galaw da ai she rai na re. Anhte a Ningbaw Ningla ni ndai hpe hkumtsup hkra galaw na ngu ai hpe n myit ai. Yawng langai hpra galaw ga da. Anhte amyu ni gaw, yawng wan mi jan sha, nga ai. Miwa ni wan gade shi she nga tim laika langai sha lang ai. Anhte amyusha ni nau chye dum ai. Chye ai wa jaw ai hku, chye yang kaja ai. Anhte hpe lam shadam ai. Ya gaw Lisu yeya (ေရးရာ) Rawang na lam, Longwo na lam da. Hkahku na lam, Danai na lam, Manmaw na lam ni pru wa na. Dai hku na shadam mat wa ai. Dai lam ni, dai hku n nga ra ai. Kachin na lam sha nga ra ai. Kachyin mungdaw shadip magam, Kachin mungdaw a uphkang ai npu kaw nga rai ai. Kaga ginhka n ra ai.

Dai re majaw anhte amyusha ni hpe amyu myu ginhka nna galaw ai ndai gaw shawnglam de manu mana tsang hpa kaba langai mi re. Manu mana hkrit hpa re. Amyu mat na hpe ladat shaw ai lam re. Daini anhte amyusha ni wa chye dum ai grai law wa ai. Chye n shang mat ai. Labau hpe n gawn ai, labau hpe madung n dat ai. Jiwoi Jiwa ni a lagaw lata kaw n tsap ai. Ndai lam ni gaw, Karai Kasang ra sharawng ai lam n re. Lam shadam mat wa ai. Ndai zawn lam shadam mat wa ai ni gaw Karai Kasang kaw na dingnye lu na re. Shu mashi shu masha du hkra, dingnye lu na re. N lu na hkum shadu. Dai re majaw daini anhte amyusha ni a pandung gaw, Jiwoi Jiwa ni a lagaw hkang kaw htaph-tuk hkra shading sharai nna hkawm sa na. Lai wa sai ten 1958 ning hta, kadai mung Lisu duwa, Rawang duwa nga na kadai mung n tsun ai, Jinghpaw duwa ngu nna sha tsun ai. Dingra Tang lung wa tim Jinghpaw duwa, Zanhta Sin raitim Jinghpaw duwa, Lahpai duwa lung wa tim Jinghpaw duwa, Panghuk Duwa lung wa tim Jinghpaw Duwa, Sama wa lung tim Jinghpaw Duwa Wabaw Zau Rip lung tim Jinghpaw Duwa sha re. Hpa ginhka ai lam n nga ai. Daini hpaji chye magang



garan ginhka ai lam law wa magang, laika shalaw magang, hpung shalaw ma-gang, anhte amyu sha lam hpe lam shadam bang wa ai re. Anhte amyusha ni, anhte a kashu kash ni gara de hkan na? Tengman ai kaw tsap ra ai. Daini anhte Wunpawng mungdan ngu nna grai n lu da ai. Kachin Mungdaw ngu nna sha, lu da ai. Kachin Sub State ngu na Sam mung de lu da ai. Kachin Mung-daw mare daju ngu nna Myitkyina kaw lu da ai. Mai galai ai, Wunpawng mung-dan ngu nna lu da ai shani galai ga. Ya gaw, labau hku nna sa ra ai. Daini anhte bawsang ni gara kaw gin-hka na? Nta langai kaw pyi, bawsang masum mali num wa, num la rau nna nga taw nga ai, gara hku ginhka na? Mungchying Htinggaw jahpan kaw gara hku bang na ga ta? Mungchying masat pa kaw gara hku bang na? gara hku ginhka bang na? Kachin ngu yang ngut sai, hpa kaga hkum tsun Kachin ngu kadai mung mai tsun ai, Kachin ngu ai kaw lai nna, Kachin sha re ai. Makam masham hte seng nna Kachin hkristan rai yang rai ai, Kachin bukda rai yang rai ai, Kachin nat jaw rai yang rai ai, dai sha re. Hpa kadai mung, Sara hkum galaw. Ya na ျပညနယအစးရ၊ လြတေတာအမတ၊ ဗဟလြတေတာ

အမတ nga nna anhte myu-sha lam gaw, hpa mung n galaw, hpa mung n tsun gwi, hpa baw galaw na? Shani shana hpyenlam de mazut roi rip ai, hpyenla ni mung-shawa ni hpe majoi gasat ai. Nta majoi nat ai. Ga hkaw mi mung, n tsun ai, hpa baw amyusha ni a Ningbaw Nin-gla, gara hku na Ningbaw Ningla galaw ai. Ganing rai nna gawng malai tai ai, myit yu mu. Nanhte majoi mai galaw nna galaw ai hkum shadu mu. Jiwoi Jiwa ni du baw law law bang da nna gaw da ai mungdan re. Hpa galaw timung, myit hkrum ai lam hpa n nga ai. Byin hkra woi galaw ai mung hpa n nga, shabra na hkrai hkrai, hka bra na lam chyu tam ai. Dai majaw, daini na anhte Jinghpaw mungdaw hta mungchying jahpan bai

bang yang ngut sai. Dai kaw nna lai nna hpa hkum tam, lai nna lam shaje hkum waw. Daini gahkyin gumdin lam hte shawnglam de n sa sai. Dawnghkawn pyi n lu ai gaya gahpa re ni re. Daini mungkan amyusha dawn-hkawn hpa rai n mai lang ai, n lu lang ai. KIO dawnghka-wn kaga nga ai. KIA dawng-hkawn mung kaga nga ai. Sam ni lang ai mungkan hta dawnhkawn langai sha lang ai re. Mying langai hte sha, nga ai re. Dai re majaw ndai hpe lam shadam ai ni ma hkra dingnye lu na re. Karai Kasang dingnye teng sha, jaw na re. Daini Ningbaw Ningla galaw ai ni ma hkra, tengman ai lam de hkawm ra ai ngu nna ngai hku nna ndai hku mu mada ai lam hpe Nu, Wa hpe tsun dan mayu ai hku re.

C a r t o o nhta wa ai shaloi, ngai na ningmu hku tsun ga nga jang gaw, Kachin ngu yang ngut sai. Kachin pyi Kachin tah ngu yang, ngut sai. Jingh-paw mung kaw nga ai bawsang ni grai law ai, yawng Kachin ngu



KAWQ-LAKAI RE AI PUNGGA JA LI A PRAT NDAINding Tawng Ra (ညြနၾကားေရးမး၊ HLD)

Shawng nah matut

Tanghpre hkrun lam De-cember (26) hta manam

bra sai hte maren Ja Li mung Walawng lam hku Tanghpre de yu wa ai shani rai nga ai. Jahpawt shat sha ma ai hte Ja Li hte kawoi dwi rum ai Ja Awn Lum Naw gaw gumh-praw 1 kyat (moi na dingga) mi sa jaw dat sai. Grai laklai tsawm ai sumla kap ai mai saupa langai mi mung bang gun ai. Dai maisau gaw Ja Li shi kawa a laika buk kaw matep taw ai hpe la gun ai re. Gumhpraw hku la gun ai n rai nga ai. Hkyeng tsawm ai majaw la gun ai rai nga lu ai. Dai maisau pa gaw lap manga je re ai lam Myit-kyina ga du yang she chye lu ai. Dec 26th ya jahpawt daw gaw Hkristmas poi sa ai Zai Ru bu ni hte rau alum ahkum yu wa lu sai. Zai Ru du ai kaw na gaw Ja Li shi hkrai nam hkrum lam ma-tut mat wa nu ai. Shana de 4:00 pm daram hta Laikum ga kaw du sai. Laikum ga lai jang Sama ga kaw du na hku re. Laikum ga kaw salang

langai mi hpe Sama ga gade naw tsan a ni? ngu san yang, salang wa bai tsun ai gaw, “Jauman bu ni raiyang gaw jan hte rau du na re, raitim brang wa na a manam lagaw hte gaw jan du ai hpang (Nsin sin ai hpang) she du na re” nga tsun ai. Dai shana gaw shata shagawng shana hta ang ai. Ja Li myit la ai gaw Sama ga gaw Njang yang lam ntsa kaw nga nga la na hku myit ai raitim dai hku n re sha, Sama ga gaw, Njang yang lam ntsa kaw na lahkra maga de naw shang ra nga ai. Dai lam numshe gaw wahpang pawt kaw ang ai rai nna, shata jan n mai ai shara rai taw nga ai. Lam ni mung tsawm nga ai rai nna, Sama ga du hkra, kagat let sa wa yang shana hkying 10:00 pm daram du ai shaloi gaw, Sama bu ni a lamu ga htum mat nga sai. Matut hkawm mung n mai nga sai. Hpa majaw nga yang Njang yang bu ni gaw, Bading lam (Buding lam) n dan da sai.

Dai majaw hpang lam de bai nhtang sai. Shing-rai kahkrang taw nga yang yup tung tung mat wa ang ai. Shaloi gaw nau pu ba mat sai majaw lam dung lahta na wahpang pawt kaw, dung let galeng let Hkristmas poi na bapa ngam shaw maya let yup mat wa sahka! Hpang jahpawt 6:00 am daram hta she bai yup rawt sai. Dai ten awgoi goi ai nsen langai mi na dat ai. Shing-rai lam ntsa de yu wa nna, awgoi goi ai ni hpang de shani sa wa yu yang, shanhte gaw, kawa shabawn taw nga ma ai. “Hkau ni gaw kadai bu ni rai?” ngu san yu yang, “Sama bu ni rai ga ai” nga nna tsun ma ai. Dai shaloi shana na mabyin lam ni hpe tsun dan hkat nna, Njang yang de gara aten hkan du na kun? ngu bai san yang, shanhte gaw jahpawt 8:00 am 9:00 am hkan gaw du na re nga tsun dat ma ai. Gajawa nga yang shanhte yawng Nayi kadai mung n hkawn ma ai. Hpa



mi nga tim jahpawt 11:00 am daram hta gaw Njang yang du mat wa lu sai. Njang yang kaw Hpung-up sara a nta e hkring sa nna, jahpawt shat sha lu sai. Nta madu ni gaw shat mung jin jin shadu da nga ma ai. Shat sha ma nna, hkuwawt chyinghka hku mada dat yu yang, nta madu ni sun chye nga ma aihpe mu dat ai. Hpung-up sara Lahi Hting Nan hpe gaw shawng de hkrum yu sai majaw ahku ahkau sha shaga dat wu yang, shi mung sun na gat wa nna, kabu gara shaga hkat let nta madu ni shat sha ai shaloi kalang mi bai sha lawm sai. Hpung-up sara Lahi Hting Nan gaw dai shana Njang yang kaw yup na matu aja awa jah-kring wu ai raitim Ja Li gaw hkring na myit nan n rawng sai sha hpang shani Tangh-pre she du mayu mat nu ai. Jahkring yang n lu sai ma-jaw shan, n-gu, jum ni baw shagun nna yu wa shangun masai. Shi a nta gaw modo lam kaw na loi mi shang ra ai re, lam de pru wa ai shaloi mung, Ayeq yang de yu wa ai lam hkawm manang lan-gaihte hkrum ai. Hpung-up sara aja awa tsun dat ai gaw, “Ja Li nang Ayeq yang du ai shaloi Jan gaw naw rawng na re raitim dai kaw na gaw lai nan hkum lai sa” ngu ai ga rai lu ai. Lama lai mat wa ai rai yang dai shana Tangh-

pre de n dep na rai nna ma-ling kaw bai yup ang na sha rai nga ai. Ayeq yang kaw du ai shaloi gaw Hpung-up wa a matsun hpe hkan ra mat sai. Lam hkawm manang wa madun dat ai hte maren nta loi kaba nna, ningnan re ai nta de matsun bang dat nu ai. Shi mung dai mare kaw hkring mat sai. Dai nta de shang sa ai shaloi asak 10 ning daram re hte 15 ning re ai Ma brang lawn yan hpe mu ai. Dai yan hte shachyen ai shaloi Ma-ran ni rai ga ai nga tsun dan ma ai. Kanu kawa n nga ai i? ngu san jang, kawa gaw, My-itkyina de jum mari sa nna, kanu gaw, yi na n wa shi ai nga tsun ma ai. Dai zawn rai naw shaga hkat nga yang modo lam de modo kaw na masha yu shajang nga ma ai rai nna, nta madu wa mung dai kaw lawm wa sai. Nta madu wa gaw shachyen sha-ga ngut jang, gawk de shang mat sai. Shi mari wa ai arai ni hta, jum ni, nhtu ni lawm ai. Laklai ai ngu na gaw ka-dung pu hpe htun bang da ai bunghkum rai nga ai. Nta madu jan mung du wa ra ai. Myitkyina de na la wa ai arai ni hpe madu jan wa yu yang, shi na matu hpa mung n lawm nga lu ai. Dai kaw na gaw dinghku majan baw hpang wa masai. Nta madu wa Myitkyina de gun sa ai arang ngu na gaw, shaning ting na yi kawn lu ai chying-

nam rai malu ai da. Ma yan nau a matu gaw namhtan (Htan-yet) tawng sha lawm nga ai. Nta madu jan gaw gawk de madu wa hpe matsa dat, dawdap kaw Ja Li hpe shi htaw dat rai, Ja Li mung shan la hpe asawng let daw-dap kaw shat shadubang wa nu ai. Hpa majaw nga yang nta madu jan shat shadu na satlawat n mu sai majaw rai nga ai. Shat hkut jang gaw nta madu wa hte madu jan shan lahkawng mung htingbu wa du ai hpa bai shalawm bang wa masai. Simai mung sara Lahi jaw dat ai shan chyahkraw hpe arung di shadu jaw nu ai. Sha ngut ai hpang nta madu yan mung shan a gawk de shang mat sai. Shaloi she daw dap kaw manghkang kaba bai byin wa sai. Dai manghkang gaw, nta madu kasha kaba wa Ja Li a nhtu kaq hpe n lu yang n mai hpyi aput bang wa ai manghkang rai nga ai. Ja Li shi mung nhtu n-ga hpyi ai wa hpe ninghkap gasat ra ai gaw lam mi, yup mayu ai mung lam mi, yup mat ai hpang kade na hkra naw hpyi aput taw sai pyi n chye sai. Shanhte a nta a jan shang maga hka shi langai mi nga nga ai. Dai hka shi hta mam htu htum galaw da ma hka! shanhte hpe san yu ai shaloi, Tanghpre gaw jahpawt jaujau du na re nga ma ai. Jahpawt jaujau lit baw



wa ai hte rau nhtu kaq hpyi ai manghkang lam mung grau shadaw shadang tsaw wa nga ai. Dai ma hpe mung kanu gaw jaujau hka htum na n-gu sa shaw na matu tsun anyam taw nga sai. Shabrang wa gaw nhtu n-ga hte seng nna mahtai n chye shi ai majaw n-gu sa la na htingnai taw nga lu ai. Jahtum e kanu nau tsun wa ai majaw shingnoi langai mi la lang nna pu mat wa sai. Dai laman Ja Li mung lit hpe lawan wan hta gun nna modo lam maw de sa wa na hkyen nga yang, nta madu jang gaw, “Brang e nang mana sa wa ai hku gaw lam kawai sai ndai lam masun hku rai mat wa yang mahkrai pawt kaw pru na rai nna, ni grau ai” nga tsun dan sai. Shi matsun ai hku gat let gumhtawn let nhtu kaq manghkang kaw na lawt sai ngu myit ai. Ja Li shi myit ai hku n rai dam, hpa majaw nga yang hka htum gaw lai wa na mahkrai npu kaw sha rai taw nga ai. Dai kaw nhtu kaq hpyi ai wa hte chya bai rai sai. Shi mung nhtu kaq n tat hkra gat mat wa nu ai. Dai shani 11:00 am daram hta Tanghpre mare na Hpung-up sara Latau Naw a lata de du mat wa lu sai. 1960 ning January 14th ya shani gaw Myitkyina Ginwang a kabu gara shiga Campain hku nna, Hkang

bum Naga sasana rai nga ai Ungdun bum Galawn mare de sa du na matu re. Shing-rai dai 14 ya laman e gaw Tanghpre mare kaw la nga na aten lu nga ai. Dai laman e Myitkyina Jinghpaw Wang kaw nga nga ai ma-nam gumgai a nta ngau la da na matu Tanghpre lawu Dawngpan mare kaw kawa wawn ngau sa la ga ai. Hpa majaw nga yang, shawng na Hpung-up sara Latau Naw jan gaw Manam kasha rai nna, hpang na Hpung-up jan gaw Nhkum Pasi kasha re. Dai majaw mayu dinggai Manam jan a nta hpe sara Latau lit la ai hku rai nga ai. Shing-rai Tanghpre hte Dawngpan lapran e lung lung yu yu gaw hkali hte hkawm sa ai. Hka wawn shachyaw ngut nna, shani ka-ang e hkali hte bai lung wa ai. Chyingma prang hte Tanghpre lapran kaw gaw Mali hka hpungwai la-ing kaba nga nga ai. De a hkaqhku maga gaw hkali hkawm n mai ai. Shing-rai dai hkali hpe Mali hkaq hpungwai kaw gyit dun da na hku rai nga ai. Hkali hpe dun da na hkyen nga yang hka ka-ang lam hku masha mang langai mi yawng hkrat wa nga ai. Dai hpe Ja Li gaw hka na sai la na ra ai rai yang, hka kau de yawng kayin wa rit ngu tsun dat jang, gaja wa nan hkaq dawai la-ing maga de kayin

wa ra ai. Mang hkali nga ai maga de yawng kayin wa ai hpe mu jang, manang lah-kawng lawm ai yan gaw hka hkin gau hku noi mahkyit nna, modo lam de hprawng lung mat wa ma ai. Dai manang lahkawng kaw na langai mi gaw Latau wa rai nna, mying n chye mat sai. Kaga langai mi gaw Latau Sin Yawng ngu ai rai nna, Ja Li hte rau ram re ai wa re. Shi gaw ya aten hta naw nga ai rai yang Myitkyina Dap-kawng na sara Latau a nta kaw nga nga na re. Ja Li gaw hka ka-ang kaw yawng wa ai moi mang hpe hka kau du hkra shaga la lu ai rai nna, dai shani kawn tsu dumsa hpang sai ngu tsun mai nga ai. Dai mang gaw la mang rai nna, shingma lahpa kaw Uhka achye jahpyeq tawn ai hkang hkang nga ai. Labu kadun ahkyeng bu da nga ai. Ja Li mung mang hpe ga shaga let wawn hpe gyit tawn ai ri punghkum kaw na pali shit la nhtawm hka ka-ang de li gawt let sa wa nga ai. Mang gaw n-ga gup (shagum up) yawng wa ai rai nna hkaru tum wap ai kaw gyit nna hka kau de bai gawt wa sai. Chyingma prang hte Tanghpre ga jarit hka shi, hkanam maga de gyit kau da nna, manang yan kaw bai hkan nang lung wa sai. Nta de du ai hte, pya-da dap de sa tsun shangun



ma ai. Pyada ni gaw dai moi mang gyit da aishara hpe sa yu nna Tanghpre lamu ga n re sha Myitkyina lamu ga she ang mat ai. Dai majaw pyada ni gaw, Chye-nan hte Myitkyina de shana sai. Myitkyina pyada ni du jang, Ja Li hpe moi mang sa ma-dun shangun ma ai. Pyada ni gaw moi mang hpe gale galau di yu nna, nma hkang ni hpe mung shanhte a laika buk hta matsing ka la ma ai. Mang htu lup na matu mung Ja Li kaw sha bai ang nu ai. 1960 ning 14 ya du ai hte rau sara Latau Naw,

Latau Sin Yawng ni hte rau Myitkyina de yu wa sai. Myitkyina du ai shaloi Guide nawku jawng wang kaw yup sai. Hkawm sa na masha yawng marai 14 tup re. Lana mi gaw nawku jawng kaw lamang la ai. Sara Latau Naw gaw shawa hpe shachyen ya sai. Ja Li hpe shachyen ai shaloi gaw laika hpaji mung hpa n chye shi ai Shadan Pungwa ga na yu wa ai re nga tsun ai. Shaloi Ja Li a myit hta ai n jaw dum ai zawn hkamsha nga ai. Hpa majaw nga yang Tsang 4 ting chye sai wa hpe dai hku shachyen ya ai majaw,

rai nga ai. Bumga na hku nga yang, tsang 4 gaw laika grai chye sai wa rai nga ai. Raitim Myitkyina ga na hku sawn yang layung dawq n ram shi ai laika tsang rai nga ai hpe Ja Li gaw hpang e she chye na sai. Dai hta grau mau ra ai gaw Campain hpung hta lawm ai Mawoi Hkawn ngu ai jan tsang 9 num rai taw nga ai majaw re. Dai shaning Ungdum bum de na wa ai hpang Ja Li gaw Manghkring jawng hta jawng matut lung mat sai re. (Hpang nah lang, bai matut na, HPJ)

40th Ning Hpring Wunpawng Mungdan

Shanglawt Amyu ShayiKa Manawt Shingjawng Lamang Galaw

Tangbau Hkawng Lum (HLD)

August 18, 2018, Sinprawq Majoi Gawknu eh, 40th ning hpring Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Amyu Shayi masat ninghtoi ka manawt shingjawng lamang hpe 7:00 PM aten kawq nna wuwu didi galaw lah lu ma-sai. Shingjawng ka manawt shagu htaq, Sr. Lahpai Zau Hpang shalat shaprawq dah ai "Amyu Shayi hte Mungdan" ngu ai yuq-ngwi mahkawn hpe amyu shayi kanu kana ni hpe shagrau

sha-ar ai hku nna jailang ai. Shang shingjawng lawm ai hpung ni gaw, (1). Amyu Shayi Hpung Ginjaw, (2). Ginjaw Ginra Ginwang Gin-jaw, (3). DGA Amyu Shayi Komiti, (4). Hkamja Dap Amyu Shayi Komiti, (5). Dailawn Rapdawq Amyu Shayi Komiti, (6). Ginjaw Hpaji Dap, (7). Laksan Laiza Muklum Amyu Shayi Komi-ti ni, rai nga ai. Tauhkrau shaman shakyang shajin sa wa lu na matu, diq dun hku



nna Wuhpung mi hpe Ks. Sen -( 5) hpraq, shawng garum tawn ya nga maluq ai. Shingjawng lamang eh, No.1st kumhpaq (Ks. Sen - 20) hpe Laksan Laiza Muklum Amyu Shayi Komiti hpung ni lu lah matwa ai. No. 2nd kumhpaq (Ks. Sen - 15) hpe Ginjaw Hpa-ji Dap hpung ni lah lu nna No. 3rd kumhpaq (Ks. Sen - 10) hpe gaw, Hkamja Dap Amyu Shayi Komiti hpung ni hkam lah lu shajang nga ai. Bai nna ngam ai wuhpung ni yawng hpe shanglawm kumhpaq hku nna "Ks. Sen - 5" hpraq shagrau jawq hkrum nga ai. Ningtawn mahkawn hkawn ai shayi (The Best Singer) hpe Ks. 100,000/- mi shagrau ai. Dai hpe Ginjaw Hpaji Dap ni shu lah lu nga ai. Hkrak-dik buhpun mawn sumli (The Best Costume) kumhpaq Ks. 200,000/- hpe Amyu Shayi Hpung Ginjaw ni lu diq lah matwa ai. Lamang lapran htaq, laga yuq-ng-wi mahkawn ni hteq mung, shangwi shapyaw lawm nga ai. Ndai ka manawt yuq-ngwi sa yu ai masha ni malalaq lawq mat ai majaw, Sinprawq Majoi Gawknu ting sheq, hpring chyat kabrat mat nga ai. Nkau ni gaw, shara n lu ai majw, bai ninghtang wa mat maq ai hpe mung, na chye lu ai. Aug. 19, 2018 yaq shanaq, 40th ning hpring Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Amyu Shayi Masat Ninghtoi Shagrau Luq Shah Hpawng hpe Shinli Luq Shah Seng htaq, KIO ginjaq ningbaw ninglar ni, magam dap hpushawng hpuba ni, hpungwoi dumsa jaiwa kaba ni, amyu shayi usa ni, lauban launa ni, kanu kana nu num ni hteq, kabu gara luq shah let shangut shakreq lah masai.

Yu Nga MayawnChyana Zau Awn

Yu Ma Sam Naw gaw Nga Ma Pan Raw hpe sa hpyi ai da. Nga Ma Pan Raw gaw mungkan hta hkik hkam atsam rawng ai wa kaw she wa na ni ai. Shaloi, “kadai wa rai a ta?” ngu san yang, “Ninghkaw Jan re” ngu ai. “Jan kaw wa na, Nang hkik dik nit dai” ngu yang, “ngai n re, ngai hta grau ai wa nga ai.” “Ka-dai law” ngu yang, “Mahtat Ning-hkaw Samwi ngu ai wa shinggang kau yang, nip rai ra ai.” “Mahtat Ningni nang grau ai da.” “Ngai n grau law, grau ai gaw Bungshi Bunghpoi” wa mi nga ai. “Bung-shi Bunghpoi nang grau sai da.” “Ngai n grau ai, Kaba Bum Lung ngu ai wa grang rai yang, hkring sa mat ai.” “Kaba Bum Lung, nang grau sai da.” “Ngai n grau ai, Shala Hpun Gam ngu ai Hpun ni nye ntsa kaw tu nga, shi grau.” “Sha-la Hpun Gam grau sai da. Nang



kaw wa na.” “Ngai n grau ai Myen Ji Shamyen she grau ai, ngai hpe shi a ru hte shinggrup kau yang ngai n lu dap ai.” “Myen Ji Shamyen nang grau sai da. Ngai n grau ai. Ngai hta grau ai gaw Yu Ma Sam Naw nga ai. Shi ru pawt kaw kawa di yang, si hkraw mat ai.” Dai shaloi, Nga Ma Pan Raw gaw Yu Ma Sam Naw hte mayaw htinggaw de ra wa sai da. (Lanyi ga kaw lawm ai hpe lami laman kadun ai hku hkai ai)Lachyum :1. Nga gaw, grai sanseng tsawm nna hka kata kaw nga ai amyu re.2. Yu gaw, gawng shingyan n tsawm matsat shabat kawng kaw nga ai amyu re.3. Yu hte Nga gaw, nga ginra gawng shing-yan, lai masa ni n bung ai. Raitim Bawkum maka rum, gamung sumdu hkrum nna mayaw htinggaw de wa sai.4. Num sha hte la sha, Mayu hte Dama ni buga nga ginra, gawng shing-yan, laikyang, myit masa atsam madang n bung ai raitim hkum shan langai zawn nga pra ra wa ai.Dai majaw, Mayu Dama myit hkrum nna Num jaw, Num la, Num hpyi, Num wa ai shaloi, nbaw nneng shat lit hta Nga jahkraw hte Yu (snr) Kaduhka jahkraw hpe lahpaw hte makai nna magun lit kaw bang ai. Dai shan jahkaw hpe makai ai ngu lachyum la nna nba yan bang ai. Dai nba yan hpe Yu Nga Mayawn, ngu hpaga shamying ai. Ya ginra shara nkau hta nba yan n re sha, kaga bau zawn re hpe hpaga, Yu Nga Mayawn hpaga hku shamying lang ai ni mung nga ai. Ndai gaw “Yu Nga Mayawn” ngu ai a lachyum hpe kadun ai hku tsun shaleng ai lam re.

NINGMU NINGNAN HTE JAWNG SARA

Uma shadang (Ginjaw Hpaji Dap)

Jawng Sara ni gaw, hpaji masa tatut hkrang shapraw taw nga ai ni rai nga ai. Ramma ni htawm hpang prat hpe makam hpring hpring hte hkrum katut hparan chye hkra, yawshada ai lam nga hkra, gawgap la ai atsam nga hkra shalat shapan la ai lam ni nga ra ai.

Dai majaw, sara ni mung masa hte n seng ai ngu tsun timung, seng wa na lam a mahkri shawn taw nga ai masa ni law law kaw na lam mali hpe tang madun mayu ai. Teacher In Search Of New Per-spective ngu, ai kaw na shaw da ai re.

1. Laika Sharin Gawk Hte Shinggan Mungkan Mahkri Shawn Lam (The world Comes Into The Classroom)

Sara ngu ai gaw, “Htunglai hte prat dep" hpe rap rap ra ra mu mada dinglik lu ai atsam nga ai wa rat ra ai. Sharin matsun kaw lawm ai lawnglam ni hpe prat dep jasat jasa lam ni hte hkan shabung wa lu hkra, ginlawm jahkum ya lu ai lam nga ra ai. Laika sharin gawk kaw kaja wa byin taw nga ai lam ni gaw, hpa baw ni ta? Tatu kaw hpa baw ni byin taw ai, ginhpan, lawnglam ni hte shani shagu na prat masa ni hpe mahkri shawn shin-gdaw sharin ya lu ai lam gaw sara kaja langai mi a ningja re ngu tsun lu nga ai. Ginhpan hte shinggan mungkan hpe mahkri shawn lu hkra sharin ya lu ai atsam nga ai sara ni sha, laika sharin gawk hte shinggan mungkan a shai hkat ai lam hpe yawm wa hkra galaw lu na rai nga ai. Ngai gaw ma ni hpe "Hkrang Kanan madun na- re" ngu ai prat n rai mat sai. Shanhte hpe hkrang shabyin ya na hte machyoi hpaji hpe



tinang hkrai tam sawk hkaja la wa lu hkra, lam madun ya lu ai atsam nga ai ni rai ra wa sai.

2. Myit Mada Lam hte Magam Bungli Lit Ni (Expection And Responsibilities)

Hpaji masa gram sharai galai shai lam galaw sa na nga yang sara maga hku gaw grai ahkyak ai shara kaw du taw chye nga ai. Jawng ngu ai gaw, laksan tsap nna grin nga lu ai wuhpung langai n rai mat sai. Jawng hte shinggyim wuhpung wuhpawng ni jawm jahkrup bawngban galaw sa wa ai rai yang gaw, sara ni suhprang zet tsang hkra n-gun mi alu shanglawm lu ai mung, grai ahkyak ai re ngu ai hpe dum chye ra ga ai.

3. Sharin Achyin Lam Shingni Hpaji Hte Machyoi Hpaji ( Teaching As Art and Science )

Sara ngu ai gaw ma ni hpe laika sharin ya san san, ma ni hpe mabyin lawnglam ni jaw ai san san sha re ngu hkam la yang shut wa chye ai. Mabyin lawnglam ni hpe sharin la ai (learning) kaw nna kalangta myit sawn sumru wa lu hkra, manghkang ni hpe hparan chye wa hkra, mayak mahkak lam ni hpe lai di chye wa hkra, galaw ya lu yang she sara a magam lit tang du ai ngu mai tsun ai. Prat ningnan shinggyim wuhpawng hta, tinang sharin achyin dat ai lam ni a majaw, ma ni langai hte langai a jaw shut garan gin-hka chye lam, lit la chye lam ni ngu ai ningja rawng wa hkra mung naw sharin ya ra nga ga ai. Sara ngu ai gaw, galai shai wa na lam ni hpe tau hkyen shingdaw maram chye ra ai. Dai galai shai lam ni hte bung hkra ma ni hkan nang hkan sa jailang chye wa hkra sharin ya lu ra ai. Tinang hkrai sha sharin ya ai lam n mai galaw ai. Shanhte hkrai matut galaw la lu wa hkra shaman ya ra ai.

Sara langai a kaba htum ai atsam ningja ngu ai gaw:1. Maram masam gawn yu hkaja la mayu

ai lam nga wa ai.2. Branglang dingman lam ni nga wa ai.3. Dinglik nna, chyam yu, jep yu ai lam

nga wa ai.4. Tinang shut ai hpe hkamla, yin la chye

wa ai zawn re ai kasi kamang la hpa mabyin ni hte hpring tsup nga ra ai.

Sara wa shi nan, sharin la lam hpe tsawra lanu ai myit jasat (Love for Learning) nga na ahkyak ai. Dai myit jasat hpe ma ni hpang de htawt sit nang wa lu hkra atsam dat yang she, sara kaja ngu hkam la mai na rai nga ai.

4. Sara A Makau Grup-yin Hte Shinggyim Nga Sa Lam ( Teacher's Environment And Society )

Sara ngu ai gaw, jawng hte sha seng ai ngu gyip gyeng ai myit jasat lam ni hpe malan kau ra ai. Mare buga bawng-ring rawtjat lam a matu mung, sara ni hta lit nga ai. Mare salang ni hte rau jawm galaw chye ai lam, mare buga wuhpung wuhpawng ni hta shanglawm shamu shamawt chye ai lam ni mung, hpaji masa bawng-ring rawtjat ai lam ni hpe grai madi shadaw galaw lu ai lam ni rai nga ai. Mare akyu, buga akyu, mung-dan akyu hpe hkrang shapraw dan ai lam hta ninggun atsam myit rawt ai hte, rau ta gindun galaw sa wa ra ai. Mare buga masa ngu ai shara hta, sut masa, shinggyim nga sa, hpaji lam, hkamja lam yawng gaw shi hkrai shi shanglawm mat wa chyalu rai nga ai. Dai majaw, Sara n gu ai gaw mung masa hte tsan gang mayu tim n mai gang taw ai mabyin lam ni gaw chye da ra na re ngu mu lu ai. Sara a magam lit ngu ai hpe mare buga a hkungga ging ai masha rai taw nga ai majaw, sara ngu ai gaw ma ni a masa ni hpe



chye hkra Kanu, Kawa ni nta de sa hkawm chyai nna, hku hku hkau hkau rai chye ra ai. Mare buga lam, si hkrung si htan lam, pyaw hpa lam ni hta mung shanglawm shamu shamawt lu ai atsam nga ra ai ngu ai re.Sara ngu ai gaw, mungchying mungshawa ni hte kanawn mazum ai lam hta hku hkau chye ra ai. Galaw ra ai hpe mung agam ai lam n nga ai sha, branglang rai ra ai. Galoi mung mare buga a ntsa n-gup hte sara n galaw ai sha tatut galaw dan ra ai. Mung-shawa ni hte kanawn mazum ai hta, teng-man dinghpring ai lam, hteplahti re lam, si mani ai lam, sari nga ai lam ni gaw ahkyak ai hkumhkang tara hku nna, sadi sahka hte makawp maga kanawn mazum ra ai lam rai nga ai. Dai gaw kaja wa nga yang, mung masa hte gahkyin gumdin lam re ngu tsun mai nga ai. Sara ngu ai gaw, Mung tsaw myit, myu tsaw myit hpring tsup yang she jawngma ni hpe tinang zawn mungdan hte amyu hpe tsawra chye hkra pawn ba shalat lu na re majaw ahkyak kaba man rai nga ai.

5. Jawng Hte Shinggyim Wuhpawng Matut Mahkai Lam (School-community Rela-tion)

Jawng ngu ai gaw, laksan hkrang tsap nga n lu ai. jawng langai kaw Jawng Up gaw ahkyak madung re ai majaw, madung bungli ni hta, jawng hte shinggyim wuhpawng ma-tut mahkai lam hpe pri nem masan sa hkra, shamu shamawt galaw lu na grai ahkyak ai. Dai mung, Jawng Up langai byin wa sai hte shi chyu shi shaman shakyang galaw chyalu rai nna, shinggyim wutsang hte shinggyim wuhpawng kata mung masa galaw ai lam re ngu tsun mai na shadu ai. Jawng Up langai gaw tinang jawng awngdang rawtjat lam a matu, gahkyin gumdin lam hte makau grup-yin kaw nga ai arang ni hpe shaw jailang chye ra ai. Anhte a jawng kaw gaw ndai ni galaw na, ndai ni

awngdang nga taw sai, ngu ai lam ni hpe tinang a grup-yin wuhpung wuhpawng ni kaw nna chye wa hkra galoi mung, shiga shapraw shabra ya ra nga ai. Shing-rai yang she tinang makau grup-yin kaw nna, tinang a jawng hpe myit lawm ai hte shanglawm garum wa na rai nga ai. Mungdan Shadip Magam Hpaji Dap kaw nna mung, jawng hte shinggyim wuh-pawng matut mahkai lam hpe masan sa pri nem wa hkra, hkan galaw ya ging ai matsun madun lam ni (Guiding Principles) hpe shapraw da ya ai. Dai majaw, jawng sara langai gaw, tinang a makau grup-yin a lam mung masa hte seng hkat taw nga ai ni re zawn, tinang a jawngma yawng hpe mung, dai zawn ningpawt ninghpang myit jasat ni rawng shangun wa hkra shalat shapan pawn ba la ra ai.

Jawng Up sara kaba langai ngu ai gaw, makau grup-yin hte gara hku htuk hkat hkra nga ra ai ngu ai, lam matsun madun da ai hpe yu yang-1. Tinang jawng a makau grup-yin kaw

nga ai masha ni hte dinghkrai hku hkau magyep kap lam lu la hkra galaw ra ai. Jawng Up sara kaba gaw mungshawa ni hte tsan gang na n mai nga ai.

2. Makau grup-yin kaw nga ai masha law malawng hpe tinang jawng a shamu shamawt galaw sa wa ai lam, ra rawng ai lam ni hpe chye na shangun u.

3, Jawng a rawtjat lam na matu, shinggy-im wuhpung wuhpawng kata kaw na, lu la mai ai hpaji ningli ni hpe galoi mung hkam la u. Saw shaga bawngban hpawng ni, zuphpawng ni galaw nna hpaji jaw ai hpe hkap la u.

4. Jawng kaw na sara, saranum ni, jawng num, jawng la ni hpe tinang jawng kaw lu la da ai awngdang lam ni, galaw ra ai yawshada lam ni hpe mungchying mungshawa ni hpang de chyambra wa



lu hkra, atsam dat na matu shadut u.5. Jawng hte pawng hpawm galaw na

masha ni, wuhpung wuhpawng ni hte htap htuk ai hku byin wa hkra tinang a tsun shaga shamu shamawt lam ni hpe ra yang ra ai hku gram sharai u.

6. Tinang a myit lawm lam hte lu la ai aten laman lit la chye ai mungchying masha langai byin hkra galaw u.

7. Shinggyim wuhpung wuhpawng kata nga ai mungchying mungshawa ni hte matut mahkai nga ai laman jawng a ma-byin masa lam ni chyam bra wa hkra, ahkaw ahkang ni hpe gyin shalat u.

8. Shinggyim wuhpawng akyu, lam ni hku nna ramma ni a matu hpaji sharin achyin lam hte seng ai ahkaw ahkang ni lu la shangun na matu, jawng hte

shinggyim wubpawng ran jawm galaw yang, kade daram akyu rawng ai lam ni hpe, kasi madun ai hku nna, mare buga salang ni hte rau jawm galaw u.

9. Jawng hte n seng ai masa lam ni hta, buga masha ni hte dang-rang hkat ai lam koi gam u.

10. Sari sadang hte arawng sadang hpe makawp maga u.

Lahta de tsun lai wa sai lam ni yawng gaw, hpaji masa lam hta jawng sara langai a galaw ra ai daw hpe hkrang shapraw dan sai rai re majaw, arawng aya kaba magang, lit kaba magang, sari makawp ra ai lam law magang, makau grup-yin hte seng ai law magang ngu ai lam ni hpe hkrang shapraw lu na matu yawshada let tang madun dat ai lam rai li ai law.

Jinghpaw Laika Sharin Matsun Lam Masan Hpawng GalawHparat Panglai Reporter

Jinghpaw laika sharin ya na sara ni aq matu,

"Jinghpaw Laika Lam Masan Bawngban Hpawng" hpe Manau Wang Gawknu, Maija Yang htaq, Ginjawq Hpaji Dap ni woiawn nna

2018, July 31 - Aug. 2 yaq du hkra, galaw wa masai. Myitkyina, Manmaw, Sam Mungh ni deq nah machyoi ni shanglawm bawngban ai. Masha yawng, marai (39) du lawm nga ai. Jinghpaw laika

hpe bungpreq ai hku nna ka lang sa wa lu na matu, Ginjawq Hpaji Dap gaw lit lah woi galaw sa wa ai yiq-ngam bungli rai nga ai. Ndai Jinghpaw laika lam-masan bawngban hpawng eh, gabaw (22) hpe bawng-ban ginchyum dat maq ai. Bawngban ginchyum dat lah lu ai mahtai ni hpe Shanglawt Shadip Magam - KIC rapdawq deq matut tangshawn shagrin lah na, rai nga maluq ai. Dai hpang, laika sharin jawng ni deq, matut nna hkrang shawq galaw sa wa na masing



bungli ni, rai nga maluq ai. Kachin amyusha jawng nkau ni gaw, ndai apu asi ni hpe akyu jashawn lu na matu, alar nga ai hpe zuph-pawng kawq tsun pruwa maq ai. Jinghpaw laika htaq, nhkum ntsup ra rawng lawnglam ni nga nga ai. Lachyum gaw, dumsa-jaiwa ga ni hpe ka tawn dah tim, rawq n lu htih shaprawq nga ai. Manghkang kaba gaw gaw, ndai rai nga ai. Dainih woi galaw nga ai madang tsaw Kachin hpaji dakkasu eh, Jinghpaw laika gaw ahkum atsup byin nga ra sai. Amyusha gawgap dinghku bungli htaq, "Ma Naw, Ma Laq" hpe shawng shangai lah nna "Ma Gam" hpe bai shangai shaprat lah wa ai zawn ngu yang mung, n shut nhten! Deng-ninghkan, jahkum shatsup galaw lah ra taw ai "amyusha gawgap" (Nation Building) bungli kaba rai nga ai. Ndai zuphpawng gaw, Kachin amyusha madang htaq, yawng aq shawng ningnan lang woi galaw sa wa ai laili laika yiqngam rai nga ai. Ndai zawn re bungli yiq-ngam kaba hpe moi shawng daw deq, req n galaw yu shi nga ai. Galaw sa wa ai mabyin masa nga tim, shagrin hkrang shawq sa wa lu ai madang n du lu nga maluq ai. N shamawt nga ai.

Jinghpaw laika bawngban hpawng ni hpe lawqlawq lang galaw dinglik mahka-wng ra nga ai. Hkumtsup ai madang du wa na matu, nawq galaw ra nga ai. Mahkuh nem-tsaw kumlar hpe hkumhkum tsuptsup hkrak rai, laili laika yawng eh ka lang matwa shajang yang gaw, ahkyak ai laika ninggam langai mi hpe lu shabung sharawt dat na re. Ndai madang deq n woi lu shadu dingsa gaw, Eng-lish, Myen laili laika ni zawn "Ngangkang ai Jinghpaw Laika" n byin lu shi nga ai.Jinghpaw laika gaw, Roman script hteq shalat dah ai rai nga ai. Myen laika gaw Indian script nna rai nga ai. Myen laika eh, hkumtsup ai laika ka hkrang masat (grammar) nga maluq ai. Amyusha laili laika madang htaq, laili laika hpe galoi mung, (1). woi masat, (2). woi shalat, (3). woi sha-grin, (4). woi dip shaprawq, (5). woi ka lang, woi akyu jashawn lam ni, ra nga ai. Myen amyu ni gaw ndai hpe woi dawqdan galaw ya lu na wuhpung nga nga ai. Kachin eh, ndai yiqngam bungli lamang n nga ai majaw, laika ka ai shaloi, n bung hkat ai (shai hkat ai) mabyin ni pruwa nga ai. Jinghpaw laika gram-mar ni gaw, Myen, English Grammar ni zawn, nawq jahkum shatsup masat

shagrin dawqdan lah ra nga ai. Laili laika ka hkrang masat ai htaq, laili laika (literature) na satlawat hpe shachyawq lah ra ai zawn, aga (language) hkrang hpe mung, wa myit shalawm ra nga ai. Lachyum gaw, English (Indo-European) hteq Jinghpaw (Tibeto-bur-ma) aga shaga shachyawq hkrang, hkriqdun ni n bung hkat nga maluq ai. Laika ka hkrang eh, literature hteq language yan gaw, hkriq-dun lawm shajang nga ai. Jinghpaw laika mungkan eh, nga taw ai Grammar ni gaw, (1). J. F. Needham, "Out-line grammar of the Sing-pho language as spoken by the Singphos, Dowanniyas, and other residing in the neighbourhood of Sadi-ya", 1889, Shillong, (2). Ola Hanson, "A Grammar of the Kachin Language", 1896, Rgn., (3). H. F. Hert, "A Practical Handbook of the Kachin or Chingpaw", 1935 (reprinted), Rgn. lai-kabuk kaji ni sha, nawq rai nga ai. Bai nna Kachin laika ningka sara ni ka shalat tawn ai Jinghpaw Grammar laikabuk kaji kajaw ni mung, nga nga ai. Dai daram hteq sha, Kachin amyusha Jinghpaw laika ting hpe asak woi matut ya nga ai, rai sai. Yaq gaw, grau hkumtsup ai madang deq rawt sa wa ai ningpawt ninghpang ning-gam, rai nga sai.



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2018 2015 - Hparat Panglai › wp-content › uploads › 2018 › 09 › ... · 2015 2018 4 Galar masha ni gaw, ding-dung deq nah Brahmaputra Valley deq, asak hkrung pratpra sa wa