SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA CONVENTIONN 19744 CONVENTIONN 19744 CONVENTION 1974 CONVENTION 1974 (SOLAS)(SOLAS)

19144 SOLAS19144 SOLAS1914 SOLAS1914 SOLAS

Sinking of passenger ship Titanic in 1912 Sinking of passenger ship Titanic in 1912 with loss of 1500 liveswith loss of 1500 livesConference convened by United Conference convened by United Kingdom GovernmentKingdom Governmentgg13 Countries attended13 Countries attendedFirst international safety standards forFirst international safety standards forFirst international safety standards forFirst international safety standards formerchant ships.merchant ships.

19144 SOLASS (continued)19144 SOLASS (continued)1914 SOLAS (continued)1914 SOLAS (continued)

ProvisionsProvisionsCarriage of radiotelegraphy equipmentCarriage of radiotelegraphy equipmentg g p y q pg g p y q pfor ships carrying more than 50 personsfor ships carrying more than 50 personsNorth Atlantic ice patrolNorth Atlantic ice patrolNorth Atlantic ice patrolNorth Atlantic ice patrol

originally fully financed by the USAoriginally fully financed by the USAnow contributions by usersnow contributions by usersnow contributions by usersnow contributions by users

LiveLive--saving appliancessaving appliancesFire prevention and fire fighting Fire prevention and fire fighting appliancesappliances

19299 SOLAS19299 SOLAS1929 SOLAS1929 SOLAS

To update 1914 SOLAS and add new To update 1914 SOLAS and add new provisionsprovisions18 Countries attended18 Countries attendedRevised the ColregRevised the ColregRevised the ColregRevised the ColregFollowed the same layFollowed the same lay--out as 1914 out as 1914 SOLASSOLASSOLASSOLASEntered into force 1933Entered into force 1933

19488 SOLAS19488 SOLAS1948 SOLAS1948 SOLAS

To incorporate advances in technologyTo incorporate advances in technologyIMO convention adopted in 1948IMO convention adopted in 1948ppIMO convention entered into force in IMO convention entered into force in 19581958195819581948 SOLAS entered into force in 19521948 SOLAS entered into force in 1952

1960 SOLAS1960 SOLASFIRSTT MAJORR TASKK FORR FIRSTT MAJORR TASKK FORR FIRST MAJOR TASK FOR FIRST MAJOR TASK FOR

THE ORGANIZATIONTHE ORGANIZATION55 Countries attended55 Countries attendedConference held under IMOConference held under IMOAdditional provisionsAdditional provisionsGovts to investigate casualtiesGovts to investigate casualtiesGovts to investigate casualtiesGovts to investigate casualtiesmore safety measures extended to cargo more safety measures extended to cargo hihishipsships

entered into force 1965entered into force 1965

19744 SOLAS19744 SOLAS1974 SOLAS1974 SOLAS

Amendments to 1960 SOLASAmendments to 1960 SOLAS1966, 1967, 1968,1969, 1971 & 19731966, 1967, 1968,1969, 1971 & 1973

O O O CO O O CNONE ENTERED INTO FORCENONE ENTERED INTO FORCEReasons for the 1974 SOLASReasons for the 1974 SOLAS

t i t ll i d tt i t ll i d t--to incorporate all previous amendmentsto incorporate all previous amendments--to introduce tacit acceptance procedure to introduce tacit acceptance procedure to ensure amendments enter into force onto ensure amendments enter into force onto ensure amendments enter into force onto ensure amendments enter into force onspecified datesspecified dates--71 Countries attended71 Countries attended--entered into force 1980entered into force 1980

SOLASS CONVENTIONSSOLASS CONVENTIONSSOLAS CONVENTIONSSOLAS CONVENTIONS

ADOPTEDADOPTEDIN FORCE

19141914 - 1929 1933 4 YRS1948 1952 4 YRS1948 1952 4 YRS 1960 1965 5 YRS1974 1980 6 YRS1974 1980 6 YRS

SOLASS (CONTD)SOLASS (CONTD)SOLAS (CONTD)SOLAS (CONTD)

Amendment adopted by twoAmendment adopted by two--thirdsthirdsmajoritymajorityNormally 2 years but not less than 1 year Normally 2 years but not less than 1 year deemed to be accepted. In exceptionaldeemed to be accepted. In exceptionalp pp pcircumstances conf. Can reduce to not circumstances conf. Can reduce to not less than 6 monthsless than 6 monthsEntry into force 6 months laterEntry into force 6 months later

19788 PROTOCOL19788 PROTOCOL1978 PROTOCOL1978 PROTOCOL

Developed in response to spate of tanker Developed in response to spate of tanker accidents between 1976 accidents between 1976 --19771977Measures mainly affecting tanker design Measures mainly affecting tanker design and operationand operationppApplicable to SOLAS and MARPOLApplicable to SOLAS and MARPOL

19788 PROTOCOL19788 PROTOCOL1978 PROTOCOL1978 PROTOCOL

Unscheduled inspection and/or annual Unscheduled inspection and/or annual surveys, strengthening of port State inspectionsurveys, strengthening of port State inspectionInert gas system for new tankers 20 000 dwtInert gas system for new tankers 20 000 dwtInert gas system for new tankers 20,000 dwtInert gas system for new tankers 20,000 dwtand aboveand aboveInert gas system for existing crude oil carriersInert gas system for existing crude oil carriersInert gas system for existing crude oil carriersInert gas system for existing crude oil carriers70,000 dwt and above70,000 dwt and aboveTwo remote steering gear control systems for Two remote steering gear control systems for tankers of 10,000 grt and abovetankers of 10,000 grt and above

SOLASS AMENDMENTSSOLASS AMENDMENTSSOLAS AMENDMENTSSOLAS AMENDMENTS

SOLAS is dynamic with amendments adopted SOLAS is dynamic with amendments adopted almost every yearalmost every yearWhole chapters have been renewed revised orWhole chapters have been renewed revised orWhole chapters have been renewed, revised orWhole chapters have been renewed, revised orincludedincludedAmendments enter into force on agreed datesAmendments enter into force on agreed datesAmendments enter into force on agreed datesAmendments enter into force on agreed datesGenerally amendments affecting design or Generally amendments affecting design or structures apply only to new ships,those structures apply only to new ships,those affecting equipment or procedures extend to affecting equipment or procedures extend to existing ships (grand father clause)existing ships (grand father clause)New rules apply to nonNew rules apply to non parties (NMFT Art 1 3)parties (NMFT Art 1 3)New rules apply to nonNew rules apply to non--parties (NMFT Art.1.3)parties (NMFT Art.1.3)

SOLAS provisions are supplemented by:SOLAS provisions are supplemented by:-- CodesCodes-- GuidelinesGuidelines-- Assembly resolutionsAssembly resolutions-- MSC circularsMSC circulars-- SubSub--committee circularscommittee circulars

Govts are requested to use these where Govts are requested to use these where appropriateappropriate

ENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENT

Conventions are only international Conventions are only international agreements and need national laws to be agreements and need national laws to be applicable to individual Partiesapplicable to individual PartiesEnforcement is a task for Governments Enforcement is a task for Governments that havethat have ratifiedratified the conventions and the conventions and havehave implemented in their national implemented in their national pplawslaws

APPLICATION OF SOLASAPPLICATION OF SOLAS(Reg. 1/3)(Reg. 1/3)

The application of SOLAS differs between The application of SOLAS differs between chapterschaptersIn general, SOLAS is not applicable to:In general, SOLAS is not applicable to:

--Ships of warShips of war--Ships on Government serviceShips on Government service--Cargo ships of less than 500gtCargo ships of less than 500gt--Sailing shipsSailing ships--wooden primitive shipswooden primitive ships

APPLICATIONN OFF SOLASAPPLICATIONN OFF SOLASAPPLICATION OF SOLASAPPLICATION OF SOLAS

-- Pleasure craftPleasure craft-- Fishing vesselsFishing vesselsgg-- Ships employed in national tradeShips employed in national trade

SOLASSOLASPROVISIONSPROVISIONS

In the past IMO reacted on basis of results of In the past IMO reacted on basis of results of investigations reported to IMOinvestigations reported to IMOIn the nineties policy became proactiveIn the nineties policy became proactiveIn the nineties policy became proactiveIn the nineties policy became proactiveIn this respect Classification societies In this respect Classification societies ( represented by IACS ) play a vital role( represented by IACS ) play a vital role( represented by IACS ) play a vital role( represented by IACS ) play a vital rolebecause they :because they :

-- Have a lot of experienceHave a lot of experience-- Have research Departments Have research Departments manned by expertsmanned by experts

-- Conduct regular surveys during the Conduct regular surveys during the service life of ship service life of ship

OTHER LIMITS OF SOLAS OTHER LIMITS OF SOLAS APPLICATIONN BETWEENN APPLICATIONN BETWEENN APPLICATION BETWEEN APPLICATION BETWEEN CHAPTERSCHAPTERS

CHAPTER II CHAPTER II --I / 45: NO lower limitI / 45: NO lower limitChapter III : Generally 500 GT but Chapter III : Generally 500 GT but p yp ydifferent limits in specific regulations different limits in specific regulations CHAPTER IV: Lower limit 300gtCHAPTER IV: Lower limit 300gtCHAPTER IV: Lower limit 300gtCHAPTER IV: Lower limit 300gtCAPTER V: No lower limitCAPTER V: No lower limitCHAPTERS VI & VII N l li itCHAPTERS VI & VII N l li itCHAPTERS VI & VII: No lower limitCHAPTERS VI & VII: No lower limitFor HSC : A specific formula appliesFor HSC : A specific formula applies

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANISATIONORGANISATION

CONVENTION ADOPTED IN 1948CONVENTION ADOPTED IN 1948CONVENTION ADOPTED IN 1948CONVENTION ADOPTED IN 1948ENTERED INTO FORCE IN 1958ENTERED INTO FORCE IN 1958ORIGINALLY KNOWNED AS THE INTERORIGINALLY KNOWNED AS THE INTER--GOVERNMENTALGOVERNMENTALMARITIME CONSULTATIVE ORGANIZATION (IMCO)MARITIME CONSULTATIVE ORGANIZATION (IMCO)MARITIME CONSULTATIVE ORGANIZATION (IMCO)MARITIME CONSULTATIVE ORGANIZATION (IMCO)CHANGED IN 1982 BY AMENDMENT TO THE CONVENTION CHANGED IN 1982 BY AMENDMENT TO THE CONVENTION TO INTERNTIONAL MARITIME ORGANISATION (IMO)TO INTERNTIONAL MARITIME ORGANISATION (IMO)167 MEMBERS167 MEMBERS3 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (H.K. (CHINA), MACAO (CHINA) and 3 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (H.K. (CHINA), MACAO (CHINA) and FAROE IS (DENMARK)FAROE IS (DENMARK)ORGANIZATIONS IN CONSULTATIVE STAUSORGANIZATIONS IN CONSULTATIVE STAUS

`̀ NGOs 65NGOs 65-- NGOs 65NGOs 65-- INTERINTER--GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 42GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 42