2016 PSP Workgroup Report

7/25/2019 2016 PSP Workgroup Report

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Public Safety and

Policing Workgroup

REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS



Contributing Staff

Writers

Alexandra HughesVictoria GruberClaire Rossmark

Other Staff Who Contributed to This ReportShirleen M. PilgrimMichelle J. PurcellCathy C. Zablotny Nichol A. Conley

For further information concerning this document contact:

Library and Information ServicesOffice of Policy Analysis

Department of Legislative Services

90 State CircleAnnapolis, Maryland 21401

Baltimore Area: 410-946-5400 ● Washington Area: 301-970-540Other Areas: 1-800-492-7122, Extension 5400

TTY: 410-946-5401 ● 301-970-5401TTY users may also use the Maryland Relay Service

to contact the General Assembly.

Email: [email protected] Page: http://mgaleg.maryland.gov

mailto:[email protected]




Public Safety and Policing Workgroup

Membership Roster

Senator Catherine Pugh, Co-ChairDelegate Curt Anderson, Co-Chair

Senators

Senator Joan Carter-ConwaySenator Guy Guzzone

Senator Michael J. HoughSenator J.B. Jennings

Senator Nathaniel J. McFadden

Senator Wayne NormanSenator Victor R. Ramirez

Senator Jamie RaskinSenator Robert A. Zirkin

DelegatesDelegate Vanessa E. Atterbeary

Delegate Luke ClippingerDelegate William Folden

Delegate Antonio L. HayesDelegate Michael A. JacksonDelegate Nathaniel T. Oaks

Delegate Joseline A. Pena-MelnykDelegate Brett WilsonDelegate C.T. Wilson





Report and Recommendations

In May 2015, the Senate President and House Speaker created the Public Safety and Policing Workgroup for the purpose of examining police trarecruiting and hiring practices, and community engagement policies; consideoversight panel for certain kinds of investigations; and reviewing the Law Enforc

Bill of Rights and its application and practice by law enforcement agencies acros

The workgroup scheduled a total of eight public meetings during the 201which it heard from over 85 witnesses from advocacy groups, community organizof law enforcement, and the public to inform its decision making on recomme2016 legislative session.

On June 8, 2015, the workgroup held an organizational meeting. Present

law enforcement overview by the Department of Legislative Services and an ovtraining and certification by officials from the Maryland Police Training Commis

On June 23, 2015, the workgroup held a meeting focusing on recruiti practices for law enforcement. Presentations were made by several of the State’s

On July 23, 2015, the workgroup held a Town Hall meeting to hear fradvocates regarding law enforcement issues across the State.

On August 24, 2015, the workgroup held a meeting on the topic of the LOfficers’ Bill of Rights (LEOBR). Presentations included an overview of L perspectives of the Fraternal Order of Police, American Civil Liberties Union, CA National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the MarylSheriffs’ Association about LEOBR.

On September 22, 2015, the workgroup held its fifth meeting. A presen

by representatives of the Governor’s Office of Crime Control and Preventionenforcement data collection efforts involving traffic stops, SWAT team deploymcontrol device use, and deaths involving a law enforcement officer.

On October 21, 2015, the workgroup held a meeting focusing on best enforcement and community policing. The Maryland State Police Medical



2 Public Safety and P

recently issued police profiling guidelines and a professor and a psycholog psychological evaluations for police officers.

The workgroup held its final meeting to discuss its recommendations aJanuary 11, 2016.

In addition, members of the workgroup participated in site visits to the PEducational Training Center in Sykesville and the Frederick City Pol

Charles V. Main Training Facility, and attended Maryland State Police trial boar

Presentation documents from the meetings of the workgroup are included Other materials relating to the workgroup and its meetings may be accessed throulink: http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/Pubs/Committee/2015-PSP-Workgroup-Maste

Background

Over the last several years, the General Assembly has consid pieces of legislation regarding policing practices, law enforcement personnel police-involved incidents, and discipline. Deadly force incidents by police oflocations across the country (including Ferguson, Missouri; Staten Island, New YOhio; and North Charleston, South Carolina), have resulted in heightened sc practices nationwide.

In 2014, an investigative report by The Baltimore Sun found that since had paid out approximately $5.7 million in judgments or settlements in more th brought by citizens alleging excessive use of force and other police misconduct. Toffice also raised concerns over the city’s spending of $10.4 million from 2008 defend the Baltimore Police Department against misconduct lawsuits.

On April 12, 2015, one day before the close of the 2015 leg

Freddie Carlos Gray, Jr., a 25-year-old African American man, was aBaltimore Police Department for possessing what the police alleged was an illeWhile being transported in a police van, Mr. Gray fell into a coma and was takeMr. Gray died as a result of injuries to his spinal cord on April 19, 2015.

Eyewitnesses contended that the police officers involved used unnecessaM G hil ti hi P li C i i A th W B tt t d

http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/Pubs/Committee/2015-PSP-Workgroup-Master-Schedule.pdf

http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/Pubs/Committee/2015-PSP-Workgroup-Master-Schedule.pdf




manslaughter, reckless endangerment, assault, and misconduct in office. Proscases is ongoing.

Several bills were introduced in 2015 addressing policing practices and ciAmong these were bills to address the use of body-worn cameras by law enforThe Department of State Police reported that, as of mid-January 2015, there werenforcement agencies in the State using body-worn cameras or testing their use oin pilot programs. Chapters 128 and 129 (Senate Bill 482/House Bill 533) req

Training Commission (PTC), by January 1, 2016, to develop and publish onlineissuance and use of a body-worn camera by a law enforcement officer that addissues and procedures. The bills also created the Commission Regarding the ImpUse of Body Cameras by Law Enforcement Officers to study and make recommeand the General Assembly, by October 1, 2015, regarding the best practices forcameras by a law enforcement officer. That commission was appointed and subto the General Assembly this fall.

In addition, because concerns had been raised in past years as to wh body-worn cameras violated Maryland’s two party consent requirements under thand electronic surveillance provisions, Chapters 128 and 129 also make law enforcement officer in the course of the officer’s regular duty to incommunication with a “body-worn digital recording device” or an “electroniccapable of recording video and oral communications under specified circumstamake the interception of an oral communication by a law enforcement officer officer is in uniform or prominently displaying the officer’s badge or other insign

is making reasonable efforts to conform to standards for the use of either type oof recording video and oral communications; (3) the officer is a party to the oral(4) the officer notifies, as soon as practicable, the individual that the individual isunless it is unsafe, impractical, or impossible to do so; and (5) the oral interceptioas part of a videotape or digital recording.

The federal Death in Custody Reporting Act of 2013 requires each state ththrough the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement AssistanLocal Law Enforcement Block Grants Program, or the Edward Byrne Memorial JuGrant Program to report information regarding individuals who die in the enforcement. While the State’s annual Uniform Crime Report (Crime in Marylan

on the number of law enforcement officers killed or assaulted in the line of duty, itinformation on individuals who die in the custody of law enforcement.




•

the age, gender, ethnicity, and race of a deceased individual;• the age, gender, ethnicity, and race of the officer involved;

• a brief description of the circumstances surrounding the death;

• the date, time, and location of the death; and

• the law enforcement agency of the officer who (1) died, if the incident invwho died in the line of duty or (2) detained, arrested, or was in the procesdeceased, if the incident involved an officer-involved death.

GOCCP must adopt procedures for the collection and analysis of the inforto be included in the reports, analyze and disseminate the information reported and submit an annual report on the incidence of officer-involved deaths and deaduty in Maryland to the General Assembly by June 30 of each year.

Additionally, by October 15, 2016, GOCCP must report on the number ofdeaths and deaths in the line of duty that occurred during the previous three calereport must include the same information required to be provided by local lagencies. Each local law enforcement agency must provide GOCCP with the information by August 15, 2016. An “officer-involved death” means the deathresulting directly from an act or omission of a law enforcement officer while the oor while the officer is off duty, but performing activities that are within the scopofficial duties. The term “death in the line of duty” means the death of a law enfoccurring while the officer is acting in the officer’s official capacity while on d

officer is off duty, but performing activities that are within the scope of the officer

There were also a number of measures passed with respect to policing pBaltimore City Police Department. Chapter 133 (House Bill 771) applies to poBaltimore City only. The Act requires the Police Commissioner of Baltimore Cof each year, to report information concerning the Baltimore Police Department tCity Council of Baltimore and the members of the Baltimore City DeGeneral Assembly, including information regarding the demographics of police o

department, recruiting events, use of force, civilian complaints, officer scommunity involvement. The report must be made available to the public on website.

Chapter 126 (Senate Bill 321) requires the Baltimore City Police DepBaltimore County Police Department to each establish a behavioral health un




The Baltimore City Police Department must complete a study and make reregarding implementation of the unit and the Act also requires the police Baltimore City and Baltimore County to report to the General AssemblyOctober 1, 2018, on the number of emergency calls that their behavioral health unfrom 2016 to 2018, and the disposition of those calls.

Chapter 127 (Senate Bill 413) reinstated the provisions of Chapter 1abrogated in 2014 by restoring the data collection and reporting program relat

traffic stops for a five-year period. The Act requires PTC, in consulMaryland Statistical Analysis Center (MSAC), to develop a model policy against rstops that a law enforcement agency can use to develop its own policy. In additionis required to develop a model format for the efficient recording of traffic stop datadevice, or by any other means, for use by a law enforcement agency and guidelinenforcement agency may use in data evaluation.

Law enforcement officers must record specified information in connection

stop, including the driver’s race and ethnicity, to evaluate the manner in which are being enforced. Each law enforcement agency is required to compile the datofficers and submit an annual report to MSAC by March 1 of each year reflecting tyear. The Act’s provisions do not apply to a law enforcement agency that agreement with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) requiring similar data collsuch agencies are required to provide copies of the report made to DOJ in lieu of threquirements.

MSAC is charged with analyzing the data based on a methodologconsultation with PTC. By September 1 of each year, MSAC must issue a reportand the General Assembly as well as to each law enforcement agency. Reports o by law enforcement agencies are required to be made by the training commissiothe Governor and the Legislative Policy Committee. The Act took effect Juterminates May 31, 2020.

In addition to these measures and the work of the workgroup and thCommission, a major public safety and criminal justice reform effort has been unthe Justice Reinvestment Coordinating Council established in the 2015 session.costs, purposes, and results of State sentencing and correctional practices has beconcern.

In January 2010 the Council of State Governments (CSG) Justice Cente




to strengthen supervision policies and practices to reduce recidivism, and suppo property crime.”

Chapter 42 (Senate Bill 602), an emergency measure, established the JustiCoordinating Council (JRCC) in GOCCP. The group met throughout the interiassistance from CSG Justice Center and the Public Safety Performance Project oon the States. Interim work of the JRCC included convening an advisory stincluding organizations with expertise in certain criminal justice issues and condu

discussions to seek public input. Using a data-driven approach, the work of the Jin the development of a report issued in December 2015 with recommendationframework of sentencing and corrections policies to further reduce the Stat population, reduce spending on corrections, and reinvest in strategies to increase reduce recidivism.

A number of other measures regarding public safety, criminal justic practices were considered during the 2015 session. At the request of a number o

General Assembly, the House Speaker and Senate President indicated that this w be appointed to review and make recommendations on these issues as well iengaged advocates, community groups, and members of the public. The Speaker requested that the workgroup conclude its work and make recommendations for t

Serious Police-involved Incidents and Use-of-force Standards

The workgroup was informed that most law enforcement agencies have potheir use of force. These policies describe an escalating series of actions an offresolve a situation. This continuum generally has many levels, and officers respond with a level of force appropriate to the situation at hand, acknowledgingmay move from one part of the continuum to another in a matter of seconds.

There is no federal or national model use-of-force continuum, but the Nat

Justice provides the following example of a use-of-force continuum:

• Officer Presence – No force is used. Considered the best way to resol

• The mere presence of a law enforcement officer works to deter c

situation.

• Officers’ attitudes are professional and nonthreatening.




•

Empty-hand Control – Officers use bodily force to gain control of a s• Soft technique: Officers use grabs, holds, and joint locks to restra

• Hard technique: Officers use punches and kicks to restrain an ind

• Less-lethal Methods – Officers use less-lethal technologies to gai

situation.

• Blunt impact: Officers may use a baton or projectile to immobi

person.

•

Chemical: Officers may use chemical sprays or projectiles chemicals to restrain an individual (e.g., pepper spray).

• Conducted Energy Devices (CEDs): Officers may use CEDs t

individual. CEDs discharge a high-voltage, low-amperage jolt o

distance.

• Lethal Force – Officers use lethal weapons to gain control of a situati

be used if a suspect poses a serious threat to the officer or another ind

•

Officers use deadly weapons such as firearms to stop an individua

Law Enforcement Officers’ Bill of Rights

LEOBR (Title 3, Subtitle 1 of the Public Safety Article) is a State law en

guarantee to law enforcement officers procedural safeguards in connection withthat could lead to disciplinary action. The investigation or interrogation by a agency of a law enforcement officer for a reason that may lead to disciplinary actidismissal must be conducted in accordance with LEOBR. LEOBR covers two mof the disciplinary process: (1) the conduct of an internal investigation of a comlead to a recommendation of disciplinary action against a police officer and (2)must be followed once an investigation results in a recommendation that an officeMaryland’s LEOBR offers a set of protections to officers during internal investlimitations on the time, place, and duration of an interrogation. The statutes

officer’s right to obtain certain information and to have an attorney present.

When a complaint against a police officer is sustained by an internal invethe officer has been convicted of a felony, LEOBR entitles the officer to an admin before a board of sworn officers selected by the chief (for minor offenses, thesingle officer). Police agencies and officers may enter into collective bargainingll l h d f f i h h i b d LEOBR l i




binding on the chief. If the chief decides to impose a more severe punishmrecommended by the hearing board, the chief must document the reasons for thaenforcement leaders may not suspend an officer without pay unless that officer ifelony.

Critics contend that LEOBR prevents transparency and that it preclucommunity oversight of the law enforcement disciplinary process, which erodes cCritics of LEOBR most frequently mention two specific provisions of the law a

need of consideration and revision. The first provision requires that a complaint alforce be filed within 90 days of the incident in order for disciplinary action to be law enforcement agency. Critics point out that a victim who is in the hospital, in junaware of or unable to pursue his or her rights within the 90-day timeframe wofrom filing an excessive force complaint. However, in Baltimore City Police v. An

(1989), the Court of Appeals held that the 90-day provision provides a timeframenforcement agency must investigate a complaint, but “does not prevent the [laagency from deciding, in its discretion, to investigate the circumstance and to ta

if that seems warranted,” after the 90-day period has expired. The General A passed legislation invalidating the Andrew decision.

LEOBR also requires that a complaint alleging excessive force be scomplainant before a notary public. The provision has been widely criticized burdensome.

The second provision that is most criticized requires the interrogation of

investigation to be suspended for up to 10 days if the officer requests counsel.that, given that law enforcement officers often have nearly immediate access to undelay only impedes an investigation and delays the ability of a law enforcecommunicate effectively with the public. Some critics have also indicated thaallow officers an opportunity to collude with colleagues or access case files thacraft a false story for use during an interrogation. Law enforcement agencies havthe provision has not had the effect of impeding an investigation or hamperelations. Further, LEOBR only provides procedural protections in administra proceedings related to employment. In a criminal interrogation setting, an officeror her rights under the Fifth Amendment and would not have to speak to an investan account.

A number of citizens have suggested to the workgroup that administrativproceedings should be open to the public LEOBR does not specifically addres




Maryland Police Training Commission, Training and Standards

The Police Training Commission is a statutorily created entity within thPublic Safety and Correctional Services that has authority over police training scofficer certification. The commission consists of the following 16 members:

• the President of the Maryland Chiefs of Police Association;

•

the President of the Maryland Sheriffs Association;

• the President of the Maryland Law Enforcement Officers, Inc.;

• the Attorney General;

• the Secretary of State Police;

• the Police Commissioner of Baltimore City;

• the Chancellor of the University System of Maryland;

•

the agent in charge of the Baltimore office of the FBI;• the President of the Eastern Shore Police Association;

• a representative of the Maryland State Lodge of Fraternal Order of Police

• the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services;

• the Chairman of the Maryland Municipal League Police Executive Assoc

• three police officials of the State, appointed by the Secretary of PuCorrectional Services, with the approval of the Governor and the advice an

Senate, representing different geographic areas of the State; and• the President of the Police Chiefs’ Association of Prince George’s County

The Secretary of State Police is the Chairman of the commission. Temploys an executive director and other employees who perform general adtraining management functions.

Subject to the authority of the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctiocommission has the following specific powers and duties, as set forth in Public Safety Article:

“(1) to establish standards for the approval and continuation of approvconduct police entrance-level and in-service training courses required by thincluding State regional county and municipal training schools;




(5) to establish the following for police training schools:

(i) curriculum;

(ii) minimum courses of study;

(iii) attendance requirements;

(iv) eligibility requirements;

(v) equipment and facilities;

(vi) standards of operation; and

(vii) minimum qualifications for instructors;

(6) to require, for entrance–level police training and at least every 3 yelevel police training conducted by the State and each county and municipal policethat the curriculum and minimum courses of study include special training, attentof the application and enforcement of:

(i) the criminal laws concerning rape and sexual offenses, incabuse and exploitation of children and related evidentiary procedures;

(ii) the contact with and treatment of victims of crimes and de

(iii) the notices, services, support, and rights available to victrepresentatives under State law; and

(iv) the notification of victims of identity fraud and related crim

under federal law;

(7) to certify and issue appropriate certificates to qualified instrutraining schools authorized by the Commission to offer police training programs

(8) to verify that police officers have satisfactorily completed traininissue diplomas to those police officers;

(9) to conduct and operate police training schools authorized by the

offer police training programs;(10) to make a continuous study of entrance–level and in–service train

procedures;

(11) to consult with and accept the cooperation of any recognized fmunicipal law enforcement agency or educational institution;




(14) to develop, with the cooperation of the Office of the Chief Medicthe Federal Bureau of Investigation, a uniform missing person report form to be by each law enforcement agency of the State on or before October 1, 2008;

(15) to require, for entrance–level police training and annually for police training conducted by the State and each county and municipal police traithe curriculum and minimum courses of study include, for police officers whelectronic control device by a law enforcement agency, special training in thelectronic control devices, as defined in § 4–109 of the Criminal Law Article

established law enforcement standards and federal and State constitutional provis

(16) to require, for entrance–level police training and, as deteCommission, for in–service level training conducted by the State and each count police training school, that the curriculum and minimum courses of study includeestablished law enforcement standards and federal and State constitutional provis

(i) training in lifesaving techniques, including Cardiopulmona

(CPR);(ii) training in the proper level and use of force;

(iii) training regarding sensitivity to cultural and gender divers

(iv) training regarding individuals with physical, intellectualand psychiatric disabilities;

(17) to develop, with the cooperation of the Office of the Attorn

Governor’s Office of Crime Control and Prevention, and the Federal Trade Commidentity fraud reporting form that:

(i) makes transmitted data available on or before October 1, each law enforcement agency of State and local government; and

(ii) may authorize the data to be transmitted to the Consumer Sin the Federal Trade Commission; and

(18) to perform any other act that is necessary or appropriate to carry ouduties of the Commission under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the Public Safety Article.”

It is the commission’s responsibility to certify as a police officer eachsatisfactorily meets the established standards and submits to a criminal history reccommission is also required to adopt regulations that establish and enforce sta




The commission has established the following minimum police selection are set forth in the Code of Maryland Regulations (COMAR):

• at least 21 years old;

• U.S. citizen;

• high school graduate or General Education Development (GED) certifica

• eligibility under federal and Maryland law to possess and use a handgun;

•

undergo a physical examination by a licensed physician and recrecommendation that the individual is “emotionally and mentally fit” andthe duties of a police officer (as determined by the employing law enforce

• pass a drug screening test;

• pass an oral interview to assess applicant’s ability to communicate;

• compliance with prior drug use prohibitions; and

• pass background and criminal history investigation, including fingerprin

license record check, military records, school records, credit history, peinterviews, polygraph examination, and criminal history records check wand national agencies.

Police officer certification is initiated by the law enforcement agency thatan individual to be a police officer. A law enforcement agency may establishselection standards than those required by the commission. There are16,900 certified police officers in Maryland.

For entrance-level training, a candidate must receive a minimum of 750 hoon all commission-required subject areas and training objectives at a commacademy.

For annual in-service training, each law enforcement agency determines thcourses for its police officers. Proposed training courses are required to be Police Training Commission, and must include a minimum of 18 hours of inst

subject areas are required by State statute and regulation. Firearms training isentrance-level and annual required training.

The workgroup heard testimony from a number of individuals whincreased training and more flexible training hours as a way to improve law enforc




Community Policing

On December 18, 2014, President Barack Obama signed an executive orthe Task Force on 21st Century Policing. Among the issues studied by the taconcept of increasing and improving community policing strategies. These strateidea of creating collaborative partnerships between law enforcement and the co protect to avoid resentment and distrust. An interim report of the task force wMarch 2015 with a final report in May that stated:

“Yet mutual trust and cooperation, two key elements of co policing, are vital to protecting residents of these communities from the c plagues them. By combining a focus on intervention and prevention problem solving with building collaborative partnerships with schooservices, and other stakeholders, community policing not only improvesafety but also enhances social connectivity and economic strengthincreases community resilience to crime. And, as noted by one speaker, it

job satisfaction for line officers.”

In Maryland in 1997, the U.S. Department of Justice provided fuOffice of Community-Oriented Policing Services to establish a national trainregional community policing institutes. Part of that network, the Mid-ACommunity Policing Institute, was established in Maryland and grew to be 17 agencies. These included: the Annapolis Police Department; Anne ArundeDepartment; Baltimore City Police Department; Baltimore County Police Depa

Planning and Housing Association; Harford County Sheriff’s Department; HowaDepartment; The Johns Hopkins University; Maryland Community Crime PrevMaryland Crime Prevention Association; Maryland Police Training CommissionPolice; Maryland Sheriff’s Association; Washington, DC Metropolitan PolMontgomery County Police Department; Prince George’s County Police DepaU.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Maryland.

The institute’s educational, training and technical assistance programs fareas: integrity and ethics; quality education; and interjurisdictional cooperation afor law enforcement agencies. There were workshops, seminars, and academic cothe institute in each of these areas. The institute has not been in operation for ovethe federal funding was no longer available.

A b f j i di ti i th St t h li i i l




Alternative Dispute Resolution, Early Intervention

The workgroup heard testimony from entities that provide mediation sedone so on a limited basis in certain jurisdictions. Voluntary mediation betwresidents can be used in place of the traditional Internal Affairs investigation foras harsh language, unprofessional behavior, or disrespect.

Mediation gives both the resident and the officer a direct voice in a con

each can explain their experience of the situation. When appropriate, they can devfor their future interactions and strengthen their relationship so that it can carry times and events. This process supports direct accountability, dialogue and unimproved relationships between residents and police. The process is currently aMaryland jurisdictions and infrastructure exists in others that could be used to program on a more statewide basis.

The workgroup also heard testimony regarding several tools used in

including psychological screenings after traumatic events, and “Early InterventUnder these screenings, when an officer receives three citizen or use-of-force co12 months, their commanding officer sits down with the officer for a nonpunitivediscern any personal or professional issues which may be causing the increase in

Mental Health

COMAR provides that before an applicant may be selected for a position athe applicant shall be examined by a licensed, trained, and qualified mental health and receive a positive recommendation from the mental health care professional inapplicant is emotionally and mentally fit and able to perform the duties of a policduties are determined by the law enforcement agency.

The workgroup heard testimony that there is no statewide requiremen

undergo a psychological evaluation after a traumatic situation, although someenforcement agencies in the State require this. There is also no ongoing streevaluation required in the State despite evidence of significant stress and post-trthe law enforcement profession.




The workgroup also believes that in addition to best practices and stashould be made regarding the response to serious police-involved incidents disciplinary procedures under LEOBR.

Additionally, public processes and confidence are improved with incrinformation in a transparent and open manner. The workgroup also supporimprove public participation and engagement and inform the public regarding l policies and standards.

The workgroup recognizes that a career in law enforcement is difficulservice of law enforcement personnel who, with few exceptions, carry out their dFinally, the workgroup believes incentives should be provided to support comefforts and to assist law enforcement officers in participating and engaging as communities in which they work.

The workgroup thanks all who participated in this process and offer

recommendations:

Recommendation No. 1: LEOBR complaint filing deadline triggering the disciplinary action be undertaken by a law enforcement agency shall be extendeda year and a day.

Recommendation No. 2: The requirement for notarization of a complaint alleginshall be eliminated, and replaced with a requirement that a complaint be signed by

under the penalty of perjury.

Recommendation No. 3: The public complaint process in each jurisdiction throughout the State, streamlined, and publicized on department websites. A comrequired to divulge their identity in a manner that is sufficient for a departmentand verify the legitimacy of the complaint. When there is a final disposition ofcomplainant shall be informed of the outcome.

Recommendation No. 4: The time period for retaining an attorney for the interand disciplinary process under LEOBR shall be reduced from 10 days to 5 days.

Recommendation No. 5: As is the case in some jurisdictions, all law enforcemenState shall open their administrative LEOBR hearing board proceedings to tGeneral Assembly shall strike the statutory prohibition against citizen particip




Recommendation No. 7: Each law enforcement agency shall require a use-report to be completed by the end of the shift unless the officer is disabled.

Recommendation No. 8: Official department policies and collective bargaining public documents but are not easily available to the public. All department polici bargaining agreements shall be available online.

Recommendation No. 9: The Department of Public Safety and Correctional Servresponsible for the administration of State prisons and correctional service

enforcement trained personnel or sworn law enforcement officers in the deenforcement training and standards are significantly different from that of the Ssystem. An independent Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission (Mestablished to focus solely on best practices, standards, and training in law enfcreate uniformity in policing practices across the State.

Recommendation No. 10: The independent MPTSC shall include: representatlocal government; representatives of State and local law enforcement representatives of State and local law enforcement personnel; a represFraternal Order of Police; a representative of local State’s Attorneys; legismembers with expertise in community policing, policing standards, and mental hemembers without relationships to law enforcement.

Recommendation No. 11: The commission shall require each law enforceestablish a confidential and nonpunitive early intervention policy for dealing wreceive three or more citizen complaints within a 12-month period. (Such a policythe investigation of or imposition of discipline for a particular complaint.)

Recommendation No. 12: MPTSC shall develop and require in-service anti-diuse of force de-escalation training every other year for all law enforcement office

Recommendation No. 13: MPTSC shall evaluate and modernize recruitmen practices to increase diversity in law enforcement departments and shall developfor recruiting women, African American, Latino, and other minority candidates.

Recommendation No. 14: MPTSC shall develop a State certification that is transdepartments.

Recommendation No. 15: MPTSC shall develop and require annual reporting to by each department on the number of serious officer-involved incidents, the nu




Recommendation No. 17: MPTSC shall develop standards for mandateevaluation after traumatic incidents and for law enforcement officers returnindeployment as well as periodic psychological evaluations for all officers as determ by the commission. MPTSC shall also amend the Code of Maryland Regulationan applicant for police officer undergo a pre-employment psychological e psychologist.

Recommendation No. 18: MPTSC, in consultation with DHMH, shall establihotline that is available for law enforcement personnel to contact to speak to a enforcement officer or a mental health professional who can assist with initial coand confidential referral to appropriate programs as needed.

Recommendation No. 19: MPTSC shall develop a Police Complaint Mediawhich certain nonviolent complaints made against police officers are referred oucomplaint process and to voluntary mediation to be conducted by an indepeservice.

Recommendation No. 20: MPTSC shall develop best practices for esimplementation of a Community Policing Program in each jurisdiction. department shall file their community policing program with MPTSC and the creview each program and offer comments to the jurisdiction. All community poshall be posted online.

Recommendation No. 21: State grants and funding shall be increased to providefor local jurisdictions to increase community law enforcement programs such as thLeagues, the Explorers Program, and similar recreational activities. MPTSC analso provide technical assistance to departments in applying for any federal, Stagrants available for these purposes.

Recommendation No. 22: Incentives shall be provided by the State and locaencourage law enforcement officers to live in the communities in which they poin high-crime, high-poverty areas. These incentives shall include measures like cars, property tax credits, renter’s tax credits, and State and local income tax deducwho live in the jurisdiction in which they work.

Recommendation No. 23: LEOBR shall be amended to require that for use-ofthe trial board shall be composed of one member selected by the chief or sherselected by the Fraternal Order of Police or the affected employee, and one mutually agreed upon The members must be selected from a pool of police offi





Appendix 1. Law Enforcement Overview





L a w E n f o r c e m e n t O v e r

v i e w

P r e s e n

t a t i o n t o t h e

P u b l i c S a f e t y a n d P o l i c i n g W o r k g r

o u p

D e p a r t m e n t o f L e g i s l a t i v e S e r v i c e s

O f f i c e o f P o l i c y A n a l y s i s

A n n a p o l i s , M a r y l a n d

J u n e

8 , 2 0 1 5

21



C o n t e n t s

• L a w E n f o r c e m e n t a n d t h e i r j u r i s d i c t i o n

i n M a r y l a n d

• L a w E n f o r c e m e n t F u n d

i n g – S t a t e a n d L o c a l

• S w o r n O

f f i c e r s – S t a t e

a n d L o c a l

• C r i m e R a t e s

• 2 0 1 5 l e g

i s l a t i o n

2

22



L a

w E n f o r c e m

e n t i n M a r y l a n d

F e d e r a l

•

F e d e r a l l a w e n f o r c e m e n t

a g

e n c i e s l o c a t e d i n M a r y l a n d .

E x a m

p l e s

•

F e d e r a l B u r e a u o f I n v e s t i g a t i o n

( F

B I )

•

N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y A g e n c y ( N S A )

•

U n i t e d S t a t e s P a r k P o l i c e

( U

S P P )

S t a t e

•

S t a t e l a w e

n f o r c e m e n t a g e n c i e s

a n d S t a t e a g e n c i e s ’ p o l i c e

f o r c e s .

E x a m p l e s

•

D e p a r t m e n

t o f S t a t e P o l i c e

( D S P )

•

N a t u r a l R e

s o u r c e s P o l i c e ( N R P )

•

M a r y l a n d T

r a n s p o r t a t i o n

A u t h o r i t y ( M d T A )

L o c a l

•

C o u n t i e s , s h e r i f f s , a n d

m u n i c i p a l i t i e s .

E x a m p l e s

•

A n n e A r u n d e l C o u n

t y P o l i c e

D e p a r t m e n t

•

A n n e A r u n d e l C o u n

t y S h e r i f f

•

A n n a p o l i s C i t y P o l i c e

D e p a r t m e n t

3

23



L a w E n f o

r c e m e n t F u n d i n g : S t a

t e A g e n c i e s

F i s c

a l 2 0 1 4

• D e p a r t m e n t o f S t a t e P o

l i c e ( D S P )

$ 3 1 9 . 3 m i l l i o n

• M a r y l a n d T r a n s p o r t a t i o n A u t h o r i t y P o l i c e ( M d

T A )

$ 8 2 . 2 m i l l i o n

• U n i v e r s i t i e s

$ 4 2 . 8 m i l l i o n

• N a t u r a l R e s o u r c e s P o l i c e ( N R P )

$ 3 7 . 7 m i l l i o n

• M a r y l a n d T r a n s i t A d m i n

i s t r a t i o n P o l i c e ( M T A )

$ 2 8 . 0 m i l l i o n

• M a r y l a n d C a p i t o l P o l i c e

( D G S )

$ 1 1 . 8 m i l l i o n

T o t a l =

$ 5 2 1 . 8 m i l l i o n

* U n i v e r s i t i e s i n c l u d e : B o w i e S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , C o p p i n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , F r o s t b u r g S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , M o r g a n S t a t e U n

i v e r s i t y , S a l i s b u r y U n i v e r s i t y , T o w s o

n U n i v e r s i t y ,

U n i v e r s i t y o f B a l t i m o r e , a n d U n i v e r s i t y o f M

a r y l a n d ( B a l t i m o r e , B a l t i m o r e C o u n t y , C o l l e g e P a r k , a n d E a s t e r n S h o r e

) .

* O t h e r

s m a l l e r , s p e c i a l i z e d S t a t e - a g e n c y p o l i c e f o r c e s a r e n o t i n c l u d e d i n t h i s c h a r t .

* D G S :

D e p a r t m e n t o f G e n e r a l S e r v i c e s

S o u r c e :

G o v e r n o r s ’ B u d g e t B o o k s ,

F i s c a l 2 0 1 6

4

24



L a w

E n f o r c e m e n t F u n d i n g : L o c a l

• F i s c a l 2 0 1 3 C o u n t y E x p e n d i t u r e s : $ 1 . 5 b i l l i o n ( 1 0 . 0 % o f a l l s p e n d i n g )

• F i s c a l 2 0 1 3 M u n i c

i p a l E x p e n d i t u r e s : $ 2 2 2 . 3 m i l l i o

n ( 1 7 . 2 % o f a l l

s p

e n d i n g )

• S t a t e A i d t o L o c a l J u r i s d i c t i o n s

‒

S t a t u t o r y F o r m u l a G r a n t – S t a t e A i d f o r P o l i c e P r o t e c t i o n ( S A

P P )

‒

T a r g e t e d C r i m

e G r a n t s

• F e d e r a l A i d t o L o c

a l J u r i s d i c t i o n s

‒

B y r n e J u s t i c e

A s s i s t a n c e G r a

n t s

‒

J u v e n i l e J u s t i c e G r a n t s

‒

V i o l e n c e A g a i n s t W o m e n F o r

m u l a G r a n t s

5

25



S t a t e A

i d f o r P o l i c

e P r o t e c t i o

n ( S A P P )

• E s t a b l i s h e d 1 9 6

7 , a d m i n i s t e r e

d b y G O C C P s i n c e 2 0 0 8 .

• C o u n t i e s a n d m u n i c i p a l i t i e s m u s t m e e t m i n i m

u m p o l i c e p r o

t e c t i o n

e x p e n d i t u r e a n d

s w o r n o f f i c e r r e q u i r e m e n t s .

• F u n d s e s s e n t i a l l y d i s t r i b u t e d o

n a p e r c a p i t a

b a s i s .

• B a l t i m o r e C i t y e

x c l u d e d s i n c e

f i s c a l 2 0 0 2 i n r e t u r n f o r S t a t e

’ s

a s s u m p t i o n o f B

a l t i m o r e C i t y D

e t e n t i o n C e n t e r .

• F i s c a l 2 0 1 4 S A P

P F u n d i n g : $ 6

7 . 3 m i l l i o n

‒

C o u n t i e s : $ 5 4 . 5 m i l l i o n

‒

M u n i c i p a l i t i e s

: $ 1 2 . 8 m i l l i o n

6

26



S A P P P e r C a p i t a F u n d i n g , F i s c a l 2 0 1 4

7

27



S w

o r n O f f i c e r s : S t a t e A g e n c i e s

A s o f O c

t o b e r 3 1 , 2 0 1 3

A g e n c y

O f f i c e r s

D S P

1 , 5 2 6

M d T A P

4 6 2

U n i v e r s i t i e s

3 3 3

N R P

2 3 6

M T A

1 5 4

D G S

6 4

O t h e r

4 4

T o t a l S t a t e

2 , 8 1 9

8

28



S w o r n O f f i c e r s : L o

c a l L a w E

n f o r c e m e n t

A g e

n c i e s

A s o f O c t

o b e r 3 1 , 2 0 1 3

A l l e g a n y

9 5

C h a r l e s

3 1 1

P r i n c e

G e o r g e ’ s

2 , 4 2 2

A n n e A r u n d e l

8 5 7

D o r c h e s t e r

9 1

Q u e e n A n n e ’ s

7 1

B a l t i m o r e C i t y

2 , 9 9 0

F r e d e r i c k

3 2 4

S t . M a

r y ’ s

1 3 3

B a l t i m o r e

1 , 9 0 5

G a r r e t t

3 2

S o m e r s e t

4 4

C a l v e r t

1 2 1

H a r f o r d

3 9 1

T a l b o t

8 7

C a r o l i n e

5 5

H o w a r d

5 0 7

W a s h i n g t o n

2 0 0

C a r r o l l

1 8 9

K e n t

3 6

W i c o m

i c o

2 0 6

C e c i l

1 4 8

M o n t g o m e r y

1 , 5 9 9

W o r c e

s t e r

1 9 5

9

S o u r c e : C r i m e i n M a r y l a n d ,

2 0 1 3 U n i f o r m C

r i m e R e p o r t , M a

r y l a n d S t a t e P o l i c e

29



S w o r n O f f i c e r s : D i v e r s

i t y

S t a t e o f M a r y l a n d

B a l t i m o r e C o u n t y

M o n t g o m e r y C o u n t y

A n n e A r u n d e l C o u n t y

H o w a r d C o u n

t y

P r i n c e G e o r g e ’ s C o u n t y

1 0

P o l i c e

R e s i d e n t s

D S P P o l i c e

R e s i d e n t s

P o l i c e

R e s i d e n t s

P o l i c e

R e s i d e n t s

P o l i c e

R e s i d e n t s

P o l i c e

R e s i d e n t s

30



C r i m e i n

M a r y l a n d

C

r i m e R a t e : O f f e n s e s

p e r 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 o f P o p u l a t i o n

C a l e n d a

r 2 0 0 3 - 2 0 1 3

2 , 5 0 0

3 , 0 0 0

3 , 5 0 0

4 , 0 0 0

4 , 5 0 0

5 , 0 0 0

2 0 0 3

2 0 0 4

2 0

0 5

2 0 0 6

2 0 0 7

2 0 0 8

2 0 0 9

2 0 1 0

2 0 1 1

2 0 1 2

2 0 1 3

C a l e n d a r Y e a r

M a r y l a n d

U . S .

1 1

31



C r i m e R a

t e b y C o u n t y

C a l e

n d a r 2 0 1 3

1 2

32



2 0 1 5

P a s s e d L e g

i s l a t i o n R e

l a t i n g t o

P

u b l i c S a f e t y a n d P o l i c

i n g

•

C h a p t e r 4 2 ( S B 6 0

2 ) J u s t i c e R e i n v e s t m

e n t C o o r d i n a t i n g C

o u n c i l .

•

C h a p t e r 1 2 6 ( S B 3

2 1 ) B a l t i m o r e C i t y a

n d B a l t i m o r e C o u n t y – P o l i c e B e h a v i o r a l H e a l t h

U n i t s – P i l o t P r o g

r a m .

•

C h a p t e r 1 2 7 ( S B 4

1 3 ) V e h i c l e L a w s – R a c e - B a s e d T r a f f i c S t o p s – P o l i c y a n d R

e p o r t i n g

R e q u i r e m e n t s .

•

C h a p t e r s 1 2 8 a n d

1 2 9 ( S B 4 8 2 / H B 5 3

3 ) P u b l i c S a f e t y –

L a w

E n f o r c e m e n t O

f f i c e r s –

B o d y - W o r n D i g i t a

l R e c o r d i n g D e v i c e

a n d E l e c t r o n i c C o n t r o l D e v i c e .

•

C h a p t e r 1 3 0 ( S B 8 8 2 ) B a l t i m o r e C i t y C

i v i l i a n R e v i e w B o a r d .

•

C h a p t e r 1 3 3 ( H B

7 7 1 ) B a l t i m o r e P o l i c e

D e p a r t m e n t –

R e p o r t i n g

o n C o

m m u n i t y

P o l i c i n g .

•

C h a p t e r 1 3 4 ( H B 9 5 4 ) P u b l i c S a f e t y –

D e a t h s I n v o l v i n g a L a w

E n f o r c e m e n t

O f f i c e r –

R e p o r t s .

1 3

33



C o n

c l u s i o n

1 4

34



Appendix 2. Maryland Police and Correctional T

Commissions





P R E S E N T A

T I O N T O T H E

M A R Y L A N D G E N E R A L A S S E M

B L Y ’ S

J O I N T W O R K G R O U P O N P U B L I C S A F E T Y

B Y

D E P A R T M E N

T O F P U B L I C S A F E T Y A N D C O R R E C

T I O N A L S E R V I C E S

’

P O L I C E

A N D C O R R E C T I O N A L T R A I N I N G C O

M M I S S I O N S

P R E

S E N T E R S :

J .

M I C H A E L Z E I G L E

R ,

E X E C U T I V E D I R

E C T O R

A L B E R T L . L I E B N

O ,

D E P U T Y D I R E C

T O R

37



O U T L

I N E O F P R E S E N T A T I O N

A . B

A C K G R O U N D , O V E R V I E W

A N D A U T H O R I T Y

O F :

1 .

P O L I C E T R A I N

I N G C O M M I S S I O N ;

2 .

S T A T E A G E N C

Y – P O L I C E A N

D C O R R E C T I O N A L T R A I N I N G

C O M M I S S I O N

S

B . S E

L E C T I O N S T A N

D A R D S : P O L I C E T R A I N I N G C

O M M I S S I O N

C . P O

L I C E O F F I C E R

C E R T I F I C A T I O N P R O C E S S

D . T R

A I N I N G R E Q U

I R E D B Y T H E P

O L I C E T R A I N I N

G C O M M I S S I O

N

E . P O

L I C E A N D C O R R E C T I O N A L T R A I N I N G R E S O

U R C E S I N M A R Y L A N D

2

38

Y



P O L I C E T R A I N I N G C O M M I S S I O N

B A C

K G R O U N

D ,

O V E R

V I E W

A N

D A U T H

O R I T Y

1 9 6

6 :

•

C r e a t e d a s a n i n d e p e n d e n t e n t i t

y i n t h e E x e

c u t i v e

D e p a r t m e

n t b y C h a p t e r 2 8 6 ;

•

C o n s i s t e d

o f 1 0 m e m

b e r s ;

•

A u t h o r i t y

o v e r -

“ A m e m b e

r o f a p o l i c e f o r c e o r o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n

o f

s t a t e ,

c o u n t y o r m u n i c i p a l g o v e r n m e

n t w h o i s

r e s p o n s i b l e f o r p r e v e n t

i o n a n d d e t e c t i o n o f c r i m e

a n d

t h e n e n f o r c e m e n t o f t h

e l a w s o f t h e

s t a t e … . ”

3

39

Y




B A C

K G R O U N

D ,

O V E R

V I E W

A N

D A U T H

O R I T Y

•

D u t i e s ( w h i c h c o n t i n u

e t o b e c u r r e n t d u t i e s

o f t h e

P o l i c e T r a i n i n g C o m m

i s s i o n ) i n c l u d e d :

T r a i n i n g

s c h o o l s :

o

S e t t i n

g s t a n d a r d s f o r

a n d a p p r o v i n g p o l i c e e n t r a n c e - l e v e l a n d

i n - s e r v i c e t r a i n i n g s c h o o l s ;

o

S e t t i n

g t h e c u r r i c u l u m

, a t t e n d a n c e r e q u i r e m e n t s , e l i g i b i l i t y t o

a t t e n d

, e q u i p m e n t a n d f a c i l i t i e s f o r p

o l i c e t r a i n i n g s c h o o l s ;

o

S e t t i n

g m i n i m u m q u a

l i f i c a t i o n s a n d c e r t i f y i n g p o l i c e

t r a i n i n g

s c h o o

l i n s t r u c t o r s ;

4

40

Y



P O L I C E

T R A I N I N

G C O M M I S S I O N

B A C

K G R O U N

D ,

O V E R

V I E W

A N

D A U T H O R I T Y

P o l i c e o f f i c e r c e r t i f i c a

t i o n – C e r t i f y

“ p o l i c e o f f i c e r s ”

w h o h a v

e s a t i s f a c t o r i l y c o m p l e t e d

t r a i n i n g [ P u b

l i c

S a f e t y A r t i c l e ,

§ 3 - 2 0 1

( e ) ;

( I M P O R

T A N T T O N O T E T H A T A L L I N D I V I D U A L S W H O H A

V E

A R R E S T

A N D L A W

E N F O

R C E M E N T A U T H O R I T Y A R E N O

T S U B J E C T

T O T H E

A U T H O R I T Y O F

T H E P O L I C E T R A

I N I N G C O M M I S S I O N –

E . G . P

O L I C E C H I E F S , S

H E R I F F S a n d t h e i r p r i m a r y d e p u t y c h i e f

o r d e p u t y s h e r i f f [ P U B L I C S A F E T Y A R T I C L E ,

§ 3 - 2 0 1 ( e ) ( 3 ) ] .

S P E C I A L P O L I C E O F F I C E R S [ P U B L I C S A

F E T Y A R T I C L E , T I T L E 3 ,

S U B T I T L E 3 ] ;

V O L U

N T E E R F I R E M E N

I N C E R T A I N C O

U N T I E S [ P U B L I C S A F E T Y

A R T I C

L E ,

§ § 7 - 3 0 2 &

7 - 3 0 3 ] , E T C . ) .

5

41

Y




B A C

K G R O U N

D ,

O V E R

V I E W

A N

D A U T H

O R I T Y

S t u d y a n d C o n s u l t a t i o n :

o

M a k e

a c o n t i n u o u s

s t u d y o f p o l i c e t r a i n i n g m e t h o d s a n d

p r o c e d u r e s ;

o

C o n s

u l t a n d c o o p e r a t e w i t h f e d e r

a l , s t a t e ,

o r m u n i c i p a l

l a w e

n f o r c e m e n t a g e n c i e s o r e d u

c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u

t i o n s ;

o

C o n s u l t a n d c o o p e r a t e w i t h u n i v e

r s i t i e s , c o l l e g e

s a n d

i n s t i t

u t i o n s i n t h e s

t a t e f o r d e v e l o

p m e n t o f s p e c i a l i z e d

c o u r s e s o f s t u d y f o r p o l i c e o f f i c e r s i n p o l i c e s c i e

n c e a n d

p o l i c e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n .

R e g u l a t i o n s – e s t a b l i s h r u l e s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s t o

c a r r y o u

t i t s d u t i e s

6

42



T R A I N I N

G D U T I E S

A D D E D S

I N C E 1 9 6 6

( P U B L I C

S A F E T Y A

R T I C L E §

3 - 2 0 7 a n d

C O M A R 1

2 . 0

4 . 0

1 . 1

2 )

T O R E Q U I R E T R A I N I N G

R E L A T E D T O :

•

R a p e ,

s e x u a l o f f e n s e s

, s e x u a l a b u s e a n d

e x p l o i t a t i o

n o f c h i l d r e n a n d r e l a t e d e v i d e n t i a r y

p r o c e d u r e

s ;

•

C o n t a c t w

i t h a n d t r e a t m e n t o f v i c t i m s o f c r i m e s

a n d d e l i n q

u e n t a c t s ;

•

N o t i c e s , s e r v i c e s , s u p

p o r t a n d r i g h t s a v a i l a b

l e t o

v i c t i m s ;

7

43



T R A I N I N G D U T I E S

A D D E D

S I N C E 1 9

6 6

( P U B L

I C S A F E T Y A R T I C L E § 3

- 2 0 7 a n d

C O M A R 1 2 . 0

4 . 0

1 . 1 2

)

T O R E Q U I R E T R A I N I N G

R E L A T E D T O :

•

N o t i f i c a t i o

n o f v i c t i m s o f i d e n t i t y f r a u d a n d

r e l a t e d c r i m e s o f t h e i r r i g h t s u n d

e r f e d e r a l l a w ;

•

L i f e s a v i n g

t e c h n i q u e s , i n c l u d i n g

C P R ;

•

P r o p e r l e v

e l a n d u s e o f f o r c e ;

•

S e n s i t i v i t y

t o c u l t u r a l

a n d g e n d e r d i v e r s i t y ;

•

I n d i v i d u a l s w i t h p h y s i c a l , i n t e l l e c t u a l ,

d e v e l o p m

e n t a l a n d p

s y c h i a t r i c d

i s a b i l i t i e s .

8

44

Y




B A C

K G R O U N

D ,

O V E R

V I E W

A N

D A U T H

O R I T Y

1 9 7

0 ( C H A P T E

R 4 0 1 ) :

•

D e p a r t m e n t o f P u b l i c S

a f e t y a n d C o r r e c t i o n a l S

e r v i c e s

c r e a t e ( C h a p t e r 4 0 1 ) ;

•

* P o l i c e T r a

i n i n g C o m m

i s s i o n d e s i g n a t e d a s a n a g e n c y

o f t h e D e p

a r t m e n t o f P

u b l i c S a f e t y

a n d C o r r e c t i o n a l

S e r v i c e s ;

•

A r e p r e s e n

t a t i v e o f D e p a r t m e n t a d

d e d t o C o m m i s s i o n

m e m b e r s h

i p .

* P O L I C E T R A I N I N G C O M M I S S I O N C O N T I N U

E S T O B E A N A G

E N C Y O F

T H E D E P A R T

M E N T O F P U B L

I C S A F E T Y A N D C O R R E C T I O N A L

S E R V I C E S

( P U B L I C S A F

E T Y A R T I C L E , §

3 - 3 0 2 ,

A N N O T A T E D C O D E O F M

A R Y L A N D ) 9

45



F U

N D I N G S O U R C E

F O R

T R A I N I N

G C E N T E

R

1 9 8 8

: •

H o u s e B i l l 6

4 0 ( C h a p t e r

4 4 6 ) ( i n r e s p o n s e t o a d i r e c t i v e

a t p a g e 1 1 i n t h e 1 9 8 7 J o i n t C h a i r m e n ’ s R e p o r t o n

H o u s e B i l l 4

0 0 - t h e G e n e

r a l C o n s t r u c t i o n L o a n o f 1 9 8 7 )

w a s e n a c t e d t o e s t a b l i s h a m e t h o d o f f i n a n c i n g t h e

c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a c e n t r a

l i z e d

, s t a t e - o f - t h e - a r t P u

b l i c

S a f e t y T r a i n i n g C e n t e r .

•

L a w E n f o r c e

m e n t a n d C o r r e c t i o n a l T r a i n i n g F u n d w a s

e s t a b l i s h e d .

•

T r a i n i n g F u n

d ’ s U N I Q U E

s o u r c e o f r e

v e n u e w a s a $ 5 . 0

0

s p e c i a l c o s t

a s s e s s e d b y

b o t h t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t a n d

c i r c u i t c o u r t s i n c r i m i n a l a n d t r a f f i c c a s e s .

1 0

46



F U

N D I N G S O U R C E

F O R

T R A I N I N

G C E N T E

R

1 9 9 6 a n d s u c c e e d i n g y e

a r s :

•

A d d i t i o n a l

f u n d s w e r e

c r e a t e d f o

r p u r p o s e s

o t h e r

t h a n l a w e

n f o r c e m e n t , f i n a n c e d o n t h e b a s i s o f

r e v e n u e f r o m c o u r t c a s e s .

2 0 0 5 :

•

H o u s e B i l l 1 4 7 ,

( C h a p

t e r 4 4 4 ) : R e p e a l e d t h e

L a w

E n f o r c e m e n t a n d C o r r e c t i o n a l T r a i n i n g F u n d a n d

t h e s o u r c e o f r e v e n u e ( D i s t r i c t a

n d c i r c u i t c

o u r t

f e e s ) f o r f

i n a n c i n g t h e F u n d

.

1 1

47

2



P O L I C E A N D C O R R E C T

I O N A L

T R A I N I N G C

O M M I S S I O N S

• J o

i n t a d m i n

i s t r a t i v e s

t a f f e n t i t y

o f t h e :

P o l i c e T r a i n i n g C o m m

i s s i o n ; A N D

C o r r e c t i o n

a l T r a i n i n g

C o m m i s s i o

n .

• S

t a f f P o s i t i o n s :

•

2 0 0 5 = 1

4 0

•

2 0 1 5 = 1

1 6

1 2

48

3




I O N A L

T R A I N I N G C

O M M I S S I O N S

• T h e P o l i c e a

n d C o r r e c t i o n a l T r a i n

i n g C o m m

i s s i o n s

s t a f f e n t i t y i s a p a r t o f

t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f P

u b l i c

S a f e t y a n d C

o r r e c t i o n a

l S e r v i c e s

( P u b l i c S a f e

t y

A r t i c l e ,

§ 3 - 2 0 6 ,

C o r r e c t i o n a l S e r v i c e s A r t i c l e ,

§ 8 -

2 0 6 ,

a n d s t a t e o p e r a t i n g b u d g e t c o

d e Q 0 0 G 0 0

) .

• L o c a t e d a t a

n d a d m i n i s t e r s t h e P

u b l i c S a f e t y

E d u c a t i o n a n d T r a i n i n g

C e n t e r ( P S E T C ) , a S t a t e

f a

c i l i t y i n S y k e s v i l l e , M

a r y l a n d

.

1 3

49

4




I O N A L

T R A I N I N G C

O M M I S S I O N S

P S E T C p r o

v i d e s t h e f o l l o w i n g f o r P o l i c e ,

C o r r e c t i o n

a l , P a r o l e

a n d P r o b a

t i o n ,

a n d

J u v e n i l e S e r v i c e s P e r s o n n e l T r a i n i n g :

○

A c a d e m i c C l a s s r o

o m s ;

○

P h y s i c a l T r a i n i n g C e n t e r ;

○

F i r e a

r m s T r a i n i n g F a c i l i t y ( E s t a b l i s h e d I n 2 0 0 0 ) ;

○

D r i v e r T r a i n i n g F a c i l i t y ( E s t a b

l i s h e d I n 1 9 9 8 ) ;

○

O n - s

i t e R e s i d e n t

i a l D o r m i t o r

y H o u s i n g ;

○

C o n t

r a c t o r O p e r a t e d D i n i n g F a c i l i t y

1 4

50

5




I O N A L

T R A I N I N G C

O M M I S S I O N S

P S E T C h o u s e s :

○

S t a f f a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e s f o r :

D P S C S P o l i c

e a n d C o r r e c t i o

n a l T r a i n i n g C o m m i s s i o n s ;

P o l i c e T r a i n i n g ( E n t r a n c e - L e v e l A c a d

e m y , S u p e r v i s o

r s ,

I n s t r u c t o r s ) ;

C o r r e

c t i o n a l T r a i n i n g ( E n t r a n c e - L e v e l A c a d e m y , P a r

o l e a n d

P r o b a t i o n P e r s o n n e l ) ;

C e r t i f i c a t i o n / T r a i n i n

g R e c o r d s o f P o

l i c e ,

C o r r e c t i o n a l a n d

J u v e n i l e S e r v i c e s P e r s o n n e l

L e a d e r s h i p D e v e l o p m e n t I n s t i t u t e ;

C r i m e P r e v e n t i o n I n s t i t u t e

D A R E

( D r u g A w a r e n e s s a n d R e s i s t a n c e E d u c a t i o n )

S t a t e

P o l i c e T r a i n i n g

A c a d e m y ;

D e p a

r t m e n t o f N a t u

r a l R e s o u r c e s T r a i n i n g A c a d e m y ;

D e p a

r t m e n t o f J u v e n i l e S e r v i c e s T r a

i n i n g A c a d e m y .

1 5

51

S 6



* M I N I M U M

P O L I C E S

E L E C T I O

N S T A N D

A R D S

( C O M A R 1

2 . 0

4 . 0 1 . 0

4 )

* A p o l i c e a g e n c y m a y e s t a b

l i s h m o r e r e s t r i c t i v e

s e l e c

t i o n s s t a n d

a r d s t h a n t h o s e r e q u i r e d b y t h e P

o l i c e

T r a i n

i n g C o m m i s s i o n ( C O M A R 1 2 . 0

4 . 0 1 . 0

4 J ) . A t t h e

r e q u e s t o f a p o l i c e a g e n c y h e a d

, t h e C o m m i s s i o n

m a y

w a i v e a n y s e l e c t i o n s t a n d a r d ( C O M A R

1 2 . 0

4 . 0

1 . 0 4 K ) .

●

A g e ( a t l e a s t 2 1 y e a r s o f a g e ) ;

●

C i t i z e n s h i p ( U

. S .

C i t i z e n s h i p

) ;

●

E d u c a t i o n ( H i g h S c h o o l G r a

d u a t i o n o r G e

n e r a l E d u c a t i o n

D e v e l o p m e n t

[ G E D ] c e r t i f i c

a t e ) ;

●

E l i g i b i l i t y u n d

e r f e d e r a l a n d

M a r y l a n d l a w

t o p o s s e s s a

n d u s e a

h a n d g u n ;

1 6

52

S y n 7



* M I N I M U M

P O L I C E S E L E C T I O

N S T A N D

A R D S

( C O M A R 1 2 . 0

4 . 0 1 . 0

4 )

( C o n t i n u e d )

•

P h y s i c a l E x a

m i n a t i o n b y

a l i c e n s e d p h

y s i c i a n ,

a n d r

e c e i v e a

p o s i t i v e r e c

o m m e n d a t i o

n t h a t t h e i n d

i v i d u a l i s p h y

s i c a l l y

a b l e t o p e r f o r m d u t i e s o

f a p o l i c e o f f i c e r ( a s d e t e r m i n e d b y

t h e e m p l o y

i n g l a w e n f o r

c e m e n t a g e n

c y ) , a n d p a r t i c i p a t e i n

e n t r a n c e - l e

v e l t r a i n i n g ;

•

M e n t a l e x a m i n a t i o n b y a

q u a l i f i e d m e

n t a l h e a l t h

p r o f e s s i o n a

l , a n d r e c e i v e

a p o s i t i v e r e

c o m m e n d a t i o n t h a t

t h e i n d i v i d u

a l i s “ e m o t i o

n a l l y a n d m e n t a l l y f i t ” a n d

a b l e t o

p e r f o r m t h e d u t i e s o f a p o l i c e o f f i c e r

( a s d e t e r m i n e d b y

t h e e m p l o y

i n g l a w e n f o r

c e m e n t a g e n

c y ) ; a n d

•

P a s s d r u g s c r e e n i n g t e s t

( C O M A R 1 2 . 0 4 . 0

1 . 1

5 ) .

1

53

S d 1 8



* M I N I M U M

P O L I C E S E L E C T I O

N S T A N D

A R D S

( C O M A R 1 2 . 0

4 . 0 1 . 0

4 )

●

P a s s O r a l I n t e r v i e w t o a s s e s s a p p l i c a n t ’ s a b i l i t y t o c o m m u n i c a t e ;

●

C o m p l i a n c e w i t h P r i o r D r u g U s

e P r o h i b i t i o n s ( C O M A R 1 2 . 0

4 . 0

1 . 1

6 ) ; a n d

●

P a s s B a c k g r o u n

d a n d C r i m i n a l

H i s t o r y I n v e s t i g a t i o n ,

i n c l u d i n g :

F i n g e r p r i n t C h e c k ;

D r i v e r ’ s L i c

e n s e R e c o r d C h e

c k ;

M i l i t a r y R e

c o r d s ;

S c h o o l R e c o r d s ;

C r e d i t H i s t o r y ;

P e r s o n a l R e f e r e n c e s I n t e r v i e w s ;

P o l y g r a p h

E x a m i n a t i o n a n d

C r i m i n a l H

i s t o r y R e c o r d s C h e c k w i t h l o c a l , S t a t e a n d n a t i o n a l a g e n c i e s

( F B I N a t i o n a l C r i m e I n f o r m

a t i o n C e n t e r ) .

1

54

1 9



P O

L I C E O F F I C E R C E R T I F I C A T I O N P R O

C E S S

T h e

r e a r e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 6 ,

9 0 0

c e r t i f i e d p o l i c e

o f f i c e r s i n M a

r y l a n d

.

P o l i c e o f f i c e r

c e r t i f i c a t i o n i s i n i t i a

t e d b y t h e l a w

e n f o r c e m e n t

a g e n c y t h

a t p r o p o s

e s t o h i r e

a n

i n d i v i d u a l t o b e a p o l i c e o f f i c e r . T h e a g e n c

y

i n i t i a t e s t h e c

e r t i f i c a t i o

n p r o c e s s

b y f i l i n g a

n

“ a p

p l i c a t i o n f o r c e r t i f i c

a t i o n ” ( A F

C ) w i t h t h

e

P o l i c e T r a i n i n

g C o m m i s

s i o n .

1

55

g 2 0



P O

L I C E O F F I C E R C E R T I F I C A T I O N P R O

C E S S

“ P r o v i s i o n a l C e r t i f i c a t i o

n ” a s a P o

l i c e O f f i c e r

•

A

n i n d i v i d u a l r e c e i v e s “ p

r o v i s i o n a l c e r t i f i c a t i o n ”

a s a

p o l i c e o f f i c e r

i f t h e i n d i v i d u a l m e e t s

t h e P o l i c e T

r a i n i n g

C o m m i s s i o n ’ s a n d t h e h i r i n g a g e n c y ’ s s e l e c t i o n

s t a n d a r d s ;

•

P r o v i s i o n a l c e r t i f i c a t i o n l e n g t h – 3 6 5

d a y s ;

•

3 6 5 - d a y p e r i o d p e r m i t s i n d i v i d u a l t o

p e r f o r m l a w


d u t i e s w h i l e a w a i t i n g t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o

c o m p l e t e p o l i c e o f f i c e r t r a i n i n g .

2

56

2 1



P O

L I C E O F F I C E R C E R T I F I C A T

I O N P R O

C E S S

P o l i c e O f f i c e r

“ C e r t i f i c a t i o n ” :

• I n

d i v i d u a l r e q u i r e d t o

m e e t :

A l l s e l e c t i o

n s t a n d a r d

s ;

S u c c e s s f u l l y c o m p l e t e

r e q u i r e d t

r a i n i n g ; a n d

S u c c e s s f u l l y c o m p l e t e

f i e l d t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m

.

• A

u t o m a t i c a l l y r e n e w e d a n n u a l l y

i f :

I n d i v i d u a l

h a s m e t r e q u i r e d a n n u

a l t r a i n i n g ;

I n d i v i d u a l

c o n t i n u e s t o m e e t s e l e c t i o n

s t a n

d a r d s .

2

57

y a 2 2



P O


I O N P R O

C E S S

P o l i c e O f f i c e r

C e r t i f i c a t i o n :

• E x p i r e s i f t h

e i n d i v i d u a

l i s :

N o l o n g e r

e m p l o y e d b y t h e a g e n c y

t h a t r e q u e s t e d

p o l i c e o f f i c e r c e r t i f i c a t

i o n f o r t h e i n d i v i d u a l ; O R

D e c e r t i f i e d b y t h e P o l i c e T r a i n i n g C

o m m i s s i o n

“ R e

c e r t i f i c a t i o n ” o f a f o r m e r P o l i c e

O f f i c e r

A n i n d i v i d u a l f o r m e r l y

c e r t i f i e d a s a p o l i c e o f f i c e r m a y

b e “ R e c e r t

i f i e d ” i f t h e i n d i v i d u a l m

e e t s r e q u i r e

d

t r a i n i n g . A n i n d i v i d u a l

w h o h a s n o t b e e n c e r t i f i e d a s a

p o l i c e o f f i c e r w i t h i n f i v

e y e a r s m u s

t c o m p l e t e

e n t r a n c e - l e v e l t r a i n i n g

. ( C O M A R 1 2 . 0

4 . 0

1 . 0

7 )

2

58

l 2 3



P O


I O N P R O

C E S S

C e r

t i f i c a t i o n

U n i t o f t h

e P o l i c e a

n d C o r r e c

t i o n a

T r a i n i n g C o m

m i s s i o n s

•

R

e c e i v e s a n d

r e v i e w s ( o

n b e h a l f o f

t h e P o l i c e


m i s s i o n ) a

p p l i c a t i o n s

f o r :

P o l i c e o f f i c e r c e r t i f i c a t i o n ;

I n s t r u c t o r

c e r t i f i c a t i o n ;

A p p r o v a l o f t r a i n i n g c o u r s e s ; a n d

P o l i c e t r a i n i n g a c a d e m i e s .

•

A

u d i t s s e l e c t i o n a n d t r a

i n i n g r e c o r d s o f p o l i c e

t r a i n i n g a c a d

e m i e s a n d

l a w e n f o r c e m e n t a g e n

c i e s ;

2

59

l 2 4



P O


I O N P R O

C E S S

C e r

t i f i c a t i o n

U n i t o f t h

e P o l i c e a

n d C o r r e c

t i o n a


m i s s i o n s

•

M

a i n t a i n s r e

c o r d s r e l a t e d t o t h e e m

p l o y m e n t ,

t r a i n i n g a n d

c e r t i f i c a t i o n o f e a c h i n

d i v i d u a l p o

l i c e

o

f f i c e r .

•

R

e c o r d s a r e m a i n t a i n e d

i n a n e l e c t r o n i c f o r m a

t b y a

“ s k i l l s m a n a g e r ” s y s t e m

, w h i c h i s a

p p r o x i m a t e

l y 2 0

( t w e n t y ) y e a

r s o l d

, h a s l i m i t e d c a p a b i l i t y , a n d h a s

b e e n s l a t e d t o n o l o n g e r b e s u p p o r

t e d b y i t s p

a r e n t

c o m p a n y , C r o w n P o i n t e .

60

2 5



T R A I N I N G B Y

T H E P O L

I C E T R A I N I N G C O

M M I S S I O N

R e q

u i r e d E n t

r a n c e - L e v

e l T r a i n i n g

( C O

M A R 1 2 . 0 4 . 0

1 . 0

9 )

•

M

i n i m u m o f

7 5 0 h o u r s ( a p p r o x i m a

t e l y 5 m o n t h s ) ;

•

C

o m p l e t e d a

t C o m m i s s i o n - a p p r o v e

d a c a d e m y

( C O M A R 1 2 . 0 4 . 0

1 . 1

0 ) ;

•

R

e q u i r e d t o p r o v i d e i n s t r u c t i o n o n

a l l c o m m i s s i o n -

r e q u i r e d s u b

j e c t a r e a s (

C O M A R 1 2 . 0

4 . 0

1 . 0

9 C )

, a n d

t r a i n i n g o b j e

c t i v e s ( C O M

A R 1 2 . 0 4 .

0 1 . 0

9 D ( 3 ) ( a ) ) .

61

a l 2

6



T R A I N

I N G B Y

T H E P O L I C E T R A I N I N G C O

M M I S S

I O N

R e q

u i r e d A n n u a l I n - s e r v i c e T r a i n

i n g

( C O

M A R 1 2 . 0 4 . 0

1 . 0

2 )

• E a c h l a w e n f

o r c e m e n t a

g e n c y d e t e

r m i n e s t h e

a n n u a

t r a i n i n g c o u r s e s f o r i t s p

o l i c e o f f i c e

r s ;

• P

r o p o s e d t r a

i n i n g c o u r s

e s a r e r e q u

i r e d t o b e

a p p r o v e d b y

t h e P o l i c e T r a i n i n g C o m m i s s i o n ;

• M

i n i m u m o f

1 8 h o u r s ;

• C

e r t a i n s u b j e c t a r e a s a r

e r e q u i r e d b y S t a t e s t a

t u t e

( P u b l i c S a f e t y A r t i c l e § 3

- 2 0 7 ( 6 ) , ( 1 5

) a n d ( 1 6 ) )

a n d

r e g u l a t i o n ( C

O M A R 1 2 . 0 4 . 0

1 . 1

2 A ( 6

) A N D ( 7 ) ) .

62

2 7



T R A I N

I N G B Y


M M I S S

I O N

R e q

u i r e d F i r e a r m s T r a i n i n g ( C O M

A R 1 2 . 0 4 . 0

2 )

• T r a i n i n g i s r e

q u i r e d t o b

e p r o v i d e d

b y C o m m i s

s i o n -

c e r t i f i e d F i r e

a r m s I n s t r u

c t o r s .

• E n t r a n c e - L e v e l F i r e a r m s T r a i n i n g :

R e q u i r e d f o

r i n d i v i d u a l s

a u t h o r i z e d t o

u s e o r c a r r y

a

f i r e a r m ( h a

n d g u n a n d l o

n g g u n – s h o t g u n ,

a u t o m a

t i c

f i r e a r m , s n

i p e r l o n g g u n ) ;

R e q u i r e s s u

c c e s s f u l c o m

p l e t i o n o f c l a

s s r o o m i n s t r u c t i o n ,

t r a i n i n g a n d q u a l i f i c a t i o n c o u r s e o f f i r e f o r t h e f i r e

a r m

a u t h o r i z e d

t o b e u s e d o r c a r r i e d ;

M i n i m u m 1

, 0 0 0 r o u n d s f i r e d .

63

i l 2 8



T R A I N

I N G B Y


M M I S S

I O N

R e q

u i r e d F i r e a r m s T r a i n i n g ( C o n

t i n u e d )

• A

n n u a l f i r e a r m s c l a s s r o o m i n s t r u c t

i o n ,

t r a i n i n g a n d

q

u a l i f i c a t i o n :

R e q u i r e s

a m i n i m u m

o f 2 h o u r s o

f c l a s s r o o m

i n s t r u c t i o

n ,

w h i c h s h a l l i n c l u d e l e

g a l a s p e c t s i n t h e

u s e o f f i r e a r m s ( r u l e s

f o r u s e o f d

e a d l y f o r c e ;

a l t e r n a t i v e s t o u s e o f

d e a d l y f o r c e ; j u d g m e n t a l a n d

d e c i s i o n t r a i n i n g i n u s e o f d e a d l y

f o r c e ; c r i m i n a l , c i v

a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e l i a

b i l i t y f o r m i

s u s e o f d e a d

l y

f o r c e )

M i n i m u m

o f 9 0 r o u n d s f i r e d

.

64

e n 2 9



T R A I N I N G B Y

T H E P O L


M M I S S I O N

R e q

u i r e d F i r e a r m s T r a i n i n g ( C o n

t i n u e d )

R e q u i r e s s u c c e s s f u

l c o m p l e t i o n o f a

q u a l i f i c a

t i o n d a y - f i r e a n d r e d

u c e d l i g h t

c o u r s e

o f f i r e ;

A l l f i r e a r m s t r a i n i n

g c o u r s e s a r e a p p r o v

e d ( o n

b e h a l f o

f t h e P o l i c e T r a i n i n g C o m m i s s i o

n ) b y

t h e C e r t

i f i c a t i o n S t a f f , s u p p o r t e d b y t h e

f i r e a r m s t r a i n i n g s t a f f o f t h e P o l i c e a n d

C o r r e c t i o n a l T r a i n i n g C o m m i s s i o n s .

65

3 0



T R A I N I N G B Y

T H E P O L


M M I S S I O N

R e q

u i r e d E l e c t r o n i c C o n t r o l D e v i c e T r a i n i n

g

( C O

M A R 1 2 . 0

4 . 0

5 )

•

T r

a i n i n g i s r e q u i r e d t o b e p r o v i d e d b y c o m m i s s

i o n -

c e

r t i f i e d e l e c

t r o n i c c o n t r o l d e v i c e i n s t r u c t o r s ;

•

I n

i t i a l a n d a n

n u a l t r a i n i n

g r e q u i r e d

o f i n d i v i d u a l s

a u

t h o r i z e d t o

u s e o r c a r r y a n e l e c t r o n i c c o n t r o

l

d e v i c e ;

•

C l a s s r o o m i n s t r u c t i o n i s

r e q u i r e d o n t o p i c s s u c

h a s

“ j u d g m e n t a n d d e c i s i o n

m a k i n g , ” “

l e g a l

c o

n s i d e r a t i o n

s , ” “ a f t e r - c

a r e m e a s u r e s , ” “ p o t e n

t i a l

c o

l l a t e r a l o c c

u r r e n c e s , ” e t c .

66

d s 3

1



T R A I N I N G B Y

T H E P O L


M M I S S I O N

R e q

u i r e d I n s t r u c t o r T r a i n i n g A n d C e r t i f i c a

t i o n

( C O

M A R 1 2 . 0 4 . 0

6 )

I n s t r u c t o r a

p p l i c a n t s a r e r e q u i r e d

t o :

B e a n e m p l o y e e o r r e t a i n e d a s a n i n s t r u c t o r b y a l a w

e n f o r c e m e n t a g e n c y o r a c a d e m y ;

M e e t t h e P

o l i c e T r a i n i n g

C o m m i s s i o n ’ s s e l e c t i o n s t a n d a r d

f o r i n s t r u c t

o r s .

67

N

3 2



T R A I N

I N G B Y


M M I S S

I O N

R e q u i r e d F i r s t - l i n e S u p

e r v i s o r a n d

A d m i n i s t r a t o

r T r a i n i n g

( P u b l i c S a f e t y A r t i c l e

§ 3 - 2 1 5 a n d C O M A R 1 2 . 0

4 . 0

1 . 1 3

)

• I n d i v i d u a l t o c o m p l e t e

c o m m i s s i o n - r e q u i r e

d

t r a i n i n g w i t h i n 1 y e a r o f b e i n g p r o m o t e d t o

p

o s i t i o n o f f i r s t - l i n e s u

p e r v i s o r o

r a d m i n i s t r a t o r ;

• T r a i n i n g i s a

m i n i m u m

o f 3 5 h o u r s .

68

N

3 3



T R A I N

I N G B Y


M M I S S

I O N

V o l u n t a r y T r a i n i n g ( F o r P o l i c e E x

e c u t i v e s )

P r o

v i d e d b y t h e L e a d e

r s h i p D e v e l o p m e n t

I n s t i t u t e

• I n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h c o

l l e g e ,

u n i v e r s i t i e s , f e d e r a l

a

g e n c i e s a n

d p r i v a t e o

r g a n i z a t i o n s , p r e s e n t s

e

x e c u t i v e s e

m i n a r s f o r a n d o t h e r t r a i n i n g f o r

p

u b l i c s a f e t y l e a d e r s t h r o u g h o u t

M a r y l a n d .

69

D D 3 4




I N G R E S O U R C E S

I N M A

R Y L A N D

P u b l i c S a f e t y E d u c a t i o n a n

d T r a i n i n g

C e n t e r

( S t a t e - o p e r a t e d F a c i l i t y i n

S y k e s v i l l e ,

M a r y l a n d )

T r a i n i n g A c a d e m i e s ( 1 9 )

•

A g e n c y A c a d e m i e s

A n n e A r u n d e l C o u n t y P o

l i c e A c a d e m y – D a v i d s o n v

i l l e ,

M D

B a l t i m o r e C

i t y P o l i c e A c a d e m y – B a l t i m o r e ,

M D

B a l t i m o r e C

o u n t y P o l i c e

T r a i n i n g A c a d e m y – D u n d a l k

, M D

F r e d e r i c k C

i t y P o l i c e A c a

d e m y – F r e d e r i c k ,

M D

70

– 3 5




I N G R E S

O U R C E S

I N M A

R Y L A N D

•

A g e n c y A c a d e m i e s ( c o n t i n u e d )

H a r f o r d C o u n t y S h e r i f f A c a d e m y – B e l A i r

, M D

H o w a r d C o u n t y P o l i c e A c a d

e m y – M a r r i o

t t s v i l l e ,

M D

M a r y l a n d N a

t u r a l R e s o u r c e

s P o l i c e A c a d e

m y – S y k e s v i l l e ,

M D

M a r y l a n d S t a t e P o l i c e A c a d

e m y – S y k e s v i l l e

, M D

M a r y l a n d T r a

n s p o r t a t i o n A

u t h o r i t y A c a d e

m y – D u n d a l k

, M D

M a r y l a n d P o

l i c e & C o r r e c t i o n a l T r a i n i n g C

o m m i s s i o n A c

a d e m y

S y k e s v i l l e , M

D

M o n t g o m e r y

C o u n t y P o l i c e

A c a d e m y – R o c k v i l l e ,

M D

P r i n c e G e o r g

e ’ s C o u n t y P o l i c e A c a d e m y –

L a n h a m ,

M D

S o u t h e r n M a

r y l a n d C r i m i n a l J u s t i c e A c a d e m y – W e l c o m

e ,

M D

W a s h i n g t o n M e t r o p o l i t a n T r a n s i t A c a d e m

y – W a s h i n g t o

n ,

D C

71

M D 3

6




I N G R E S

O U R C E S

I N M A

R Y L A N D

•

C o l l e g e A c a d e m i e s

A n n e A r u n d e l C o m m u n i t y C o l l e g e J u s t i c e I n s t i t u t e

–

A r n o l d

, M D

H a g e r s t o w n C o m m u n i t y

C o l l e g e P o l i c

e A c a d e m y –

H a g e r s t o w n ,

M D

P r i n c e G e o r g e ’ s C o u n t y C o m m u n i t y C

o l l e g e ; P r i n c e

G e o r g e ’ s M

u n i c i p a l P o l i c

e A c a d e m y –

L a r g o ,

M D

U n i v e r s i t y o f M a r y l a n d P

o l i c e A c a d e m

y – C o l l e g e P

a r k ,

M

W o r - W i c C o m m u n i t y C o

l l e g e ; E a s t e r n

S h o r e C r i m i n a l

J u s t i c e A c a d e m y – S a l i s b

u r y , M D

72

c e e n t

e a w

e t y 3

7




I N G R E S O U R C E S

I N M A

R Y L A N D

F I R

E A R M R A N G E S

( A 2 0 1 0 R e p o r t

r e v e a l e d t h a t 8

0 . 7

% o f M a r y l a

n d p o l i c

o f f i c e r s r e c e i v e f i r e a r m s t

r a i n i n g @

t h e f o l l o w i n g r a n g e s )

•

A n n e A r u n d e l C o u n t y P o l i c e D e p a r t m e n t ( 1 o u t d o o r c o v e r e d r a n g e )

•

M a

r y l a n d N a t i o n a l G u a r d R a n g e s a t G u n p o w d e r ( B a l t i m o r e C i t y P o l i c e D e p a r t m

& o

t h e r a g e n c i e s )

•

B a l t i m o r e C i t y P o l i c e D e p a r t m e n t

( I n d o o r R a n g e a t N o r t h E a s t P o l i c e D i s t r i c t i n

B a l t i m o r e C i t y )

•

B a l t i m o r e C o u n t y P o l i c e D e p a r t m e n t ( o n e o u t d o o r a n d o n e i n d o o r r a n g e )

•

L i b

e r t y F i r e a r m F a c i l i t y ( M a r y l a n d S t a t e P o l i c e a n d o t h e r

l a w e n f o r c e m e n t a

g e n c i e s )

•

M o

n t g o m e r y C o u n

t y P o l i c e D e p a r t m

e n t ( 1 o u t d o o r r a n

g e a n d 1 i n d o o r r a n

g e )

•

M a

r y l a n d N a t i o n a l C a p i t a l P a r k a n

d P l a n n i n g C o m

m i s s i o n R a n g e i n P r i n c e

G e o r g e ’ s C o u n t y ( P

r i n c e G e o r g e ’ s C o u n t y P o l i c e a n d a p p r o

x i m a t e l y 3 2 o t h e r M

a r y l a n d l a

e n f o r c e m e n t a g e n c i e s )

•

M a

r y l a n d P o l i c e a n d C o r r e c t i o n a l T r a i n i n g C o m m i s s i o n s a t t h e P u

b l i c S a f e

E d u c a t i o n & T r a i n i n g C e n t e r ( S y k e s v i l l e ,

M D )

73



74



Appendix 3. Introduction to the LEOBR



1



I n t r o d u c t i o n t o

t h e L

E O B R

P r e s e n t e d b y

K a r e n J .

K r u g e r

G e

n e r a l C o u n s e l M a r y l a n d C h i e

f s o f P o l i c e

A s s o c i a t i o n , M a r y l a n d S h e r i f f s ’ A s s o c i a t i o n

F u n k

& B o l t o n , P . A .

77

2



“ T h e g o v e

r n m e n

t h a s a c o m p

e l l i n g

i n t e

r e s

t

i n e n s u r i n g

t h a

t f r o n

t - l i n e

i n t

e r d

i c t i o n

p e r s o n n e l

a r e p

h y s i c a

l l y f i t , a n

d h a v e

u n

i m p e a c

h a

b l e i n t e g r i t y a n d

j u d g m e n t . ”

N a

t i o n a l T r e a s u r y U n i o n E m

p l o y e e s v . V

o n R a a b ,

4 8 6 U

. S .

6 5 6

, 6 7 1 ( 1 9

8 9 ) .

78

n

3



C

l e v e l a n d B o a r d o f E

d u c a t i o n

v .

L o u d e r m i l l ,

4

7 0 U

. S . 5

3 2 ( 1 9 8 5 )

P

u b l i c e m p

l o y e e s

h a

v e a p r o p e r t y

i n t e r e

s t i n

t h e

i r g o v e r

n m e n

t j o b s

E

n t i t l e d t o

d u e p r o c e s s

b e

f o r e

g o v e r n m

e n

t

e

m p

l o y e r c

a n

d e p r i v

e o

f t h a t

i n t e r e s

t

P

r e -

t e r m i n

a t i o n n o t

i c e a n

d a r i g

h t t o b e

h

e a r d

79

s

4



T

h e

L a w

E n

f o r c e m e n

t O f f i c e r s

’

B i l l o

f R i g h t s

( L E O B R ) i s

b a s e

d o n

c o n s

t i t u t i o n a

l c o n c e p

t s

a

n d i s d e s

i g n e

d t o p

r o t e c

t t h e

d u e p r o c

e s s

r i g h t s o

f l a

w e n

f o r c e

m e n

t o f f i c e r s .

A

s t a t u t o r y

e x p r e s s i o n o

f p r o c

e d u r e s

d

e s

i g n e

d t o

i n s u r e f a

i r n e s s

t o

l a w

e

n f o r c e m e n

t e m p

l o y

e e s .

80

5



P

r o c e d u r a l

R i g h t s : H

o w

d i s c i p l

i n e

i s i m p o s e

d

o

n l a w e n f o

r c e m e n t o

f f i c e r s .

N

o t S u b s t a

n t i v e R i g h

t s :

M e a n i n g

t h e r e a s o n s

w

h y

d i s c i p

l i n e m a y b e

i m p o s e d

.

G

o a

l : T o i n

s u r e

f a i r n

e s s , n o t t o

d i m i n i s h

m

a n a g e m e

n t p r e r o g a

t i v e s ,

r e s t r i c t p o

l i c e

a

c t i v i t y o r

d i l u t e p o l i c e a c c o u n

t a b i l i t y

.

81

6



1

9 6 0 ’ s e

r a o

f c i v i l u n r e

s t

P

o l i c e u n p r e p a r

e d – r e s p o n s e

s

o m e

t i m

e s e x c e s s

i v e

C

o m p l a

i n t s o f p

o l i c e b

r u t a l i t y

i n c r e a s e

d – s o m

e l e g i t

i m a

t e a n

d

s

o m e w

i t h o u

t m

e r i t

N

e g a

t i v e

p e r c e p

t i o n o f

p o

l i c e

82

d

7



S

u p r e m e

C o u r t

e x p a n d

e d d u e

p

r o c e s s

r i g h t s f o r c

i t i z

e n s ,

e

s p e c i a l

l y u n

d e

r 4 t h a m

e n

d m e

n t

P

o l i c e a c

t i v i t y c l o s e

l y s

c r u

t i n i z

e d

E

m p

l o y m

e n

t c o

n d i t i o n s w o r s e

n e

d

f o r p o l i c

e e m p l o y e e s

83

s s s

8



N

u m

b e r

o f p o l i c e u n i o n s e x p a

n d

a

n d s

t r i k e s

b y p

o l i c e o

c c u r

i n

l a r g e c i t

i e s

U

n i o n s w o n

i m p r o v e m e n

t s i n

s

a l a r i e s

a n

d b e n e

f i t s a s w e

l l a

s

p

r o t e c t i o n s

i n d

i s c

i p l i n

a r y p r o

c e s

M

a n a g e m e n

t f o

r c e

d t o

b a r g a i n

o

v e r

t e r m s

& c o

n d i t i o n

s o

f w o

r k

84

9



S

h o u

l d n ’ t a

l l e g a t

i o n s o

f p

o l i c e

m

i s c o n d u c

t b e

i n

v e s

t i g a t e

d b e

f o r

e

d

i s c

i p l i n e

i s t a k e n

?

S

h o u

l d n ’ t a n o

f f i c e r

h a v e

a r i g

h t t

o

d

i s p u

t e t h e

f a c t u a

l f i n d i n g s o r

t o

e

x p

l a i n h

i s o r

h e r a c

t i o n s

?

85

o f

1 0



1

9 7 4 - - F i r s

t S t a t e

t o e n a c

t B i l l o f

R

i g h t s f o r p o

l i c e o

f f i c e r s

C

o v e r s

t w

o c o m p o n e n

t s o

f t h e

d

i s c

i p l i n a

r y p r o c e

s s :

( 1 ) t h e c o n d u

c t o

a n

i n t e r n a

l i n v e s t

i g a

t i o n a

n d ( 2 )

p

r o c e

d u r e s

t o b e

f o l l o w e d

b e

f o r e

a n

o

f f i c e r m a y

b e

d i s

c i p l i n e d

a s a r e s

u l t

o

f a n

i n v e

s t i g a

t i o n .

86

a

1 1



C

o n

t e m p

l a t e s

t h e

a g e n c y

r e c e

i v i n

g a

s

p e c

i f i c c

o m p

l a i n

t

R

e q u

i r i n g

a n

i n v e

s t i g a

t i o n

i n t o t h

e

c

o m p

l a i n

t

A

n d a

d u

e p r o c e s

s s c

h e m

e ( n o

t i c e

&

h

e a r i n g )

b e

f o r e a

n y p u n i t

i v e a c t i o

n

m

a y

b e i m p o s e d

87

d e

1 2



S

t a t u t e h a s

b e e n a m

e n

d e

d a p p r o x

i m a t e l y

4

4 t i m e s

S

o m e

b a s e

d o n a p p

e l l a t e c a s

e r u

l i n g s

S

o m e

i n r e

s p o n s e t o r e q u e s t s

f r o m

F O

P –

f e w e r

b a s e

d o n m a n a g e m e n t

r e q u e s t s

A

n d s o m e

c h a n g e s

w e r e

i n a d

v e r t e n

t l y

m a

b

y c o

d e r e

v i s e r s

88

o r m

1 3



L

E O B R i s a n a

d m

i n i s

t r a t i v e

l a w

p r o c e s s

- f o

o

f c

i v i l l a w

b u

t h a s s

i m i l a r i t i e s

t o c r i m i n

a l

p

r o c e

d u r e

R

e l a t i n g

t o

t h e

i n t e r n a

l o p e r a

t i o n a n

d

f u n c

t i o n s o

f a g o v e r n m e n

t a g e n c y

C

o n c e r n i n g

t h e a

d m

i n i s t r a t i o n

o r

i m p

l e m e n t

a t i o n o

f p

a r t i c u

l a r l

e g

i s l a t i o n

89

n

1 4



J u

d i c i a l - l i k

e i n p r o c e

d u r e

b u t

l e s s

f o r m a

l

T

h e a g e n c y

i s i n t e r p

r e t i n g a n d

a p p

l y i n g

i t s

o

w n r u

l e s a n

d r e g u l a

t i o n s

t o i t s e m p

l o y

e e

T

h e a g e n c y

i s c o n s i d

e r e

d t o b

e t h e e x p e r t

i

t h i s i n t e r p r e

t a t i o n a n

d i t s d e c

i s i o n s a r e

“ p r e s u m p t

i v e

l y c o r r e c

t ”

90

u t

e

1 5



L

E O B R r i g h

t s d o n o t

a t t a c

h i n

s i t u a

t i o n s

i n v o

l v i n g :

G o o

d f a i t h

m i s t a k e s ,

l a c

k o

f t r a i n

i n g ,

i n c o r r e

c t b

r e a s o n a

b l e

i n t e r p r e t a

t i o n o

f l a w o r r e g u

l a t i o

n

I n a

b i l i t y t o

p e r f o r m

t h

e e s s e n

t i a l

f u n c

t i o n s o

f t h e

j o b

P o o r p e r f o

r m a n c e

91

1 6



3

- 1 0 1

D e

f i n i t i o n s

3

- 1 0 2

E f f e c

t o

f S u

b t i t l e

3

- 1 0 3

R i g h t s G e n e r a

l l y

3

- 1 0 4

R i g h t s D u r i n g

I n

v e s

t i g a t i o

n / I n t e r r o g a

t i o n

3

- 1 0 5

S h

o w

C a u s e

A p p

l i c a t i o n

3

- 1 0 6

L i

m i t a t i o n s

o n

C h a r g e s

92

1 7



3

- 1 0 7

H e a r i n g

b y

H e a r i n g B

o a r d

3

- 1 0 8

D i s p o s

i t i o n

3

- 1 0 9

J u

d i c i a l R e v

i e w

3

- 1 1 0

E x p u n g e m e

n t

3

- 1 1 1

S u m m a r y P u n

i s h m e n

t

3

- 1 1 2

E m e r g e n c y

S u s p e n s i o

n

3

- 1 1 3

F a

l s e

S t a t e m

e n

t

93

f a

t e d

n

1 8



D

e f i n i t i o n s

“

L a w e n

f o r

c e m e n

t o f f i c e r ”

i d e n

t i f i e s w h o

i s

e

n t i t l e d t o

t h e r i g

h t s

A

u t h o r i z e d

t o m a

k e

a r r e s

t s a n

d m e m

b e

r o

f

l i s t e d l a w e n

f o r c e m e

n t a g e n c y

E

x c e p

t i o n s

i n c

l u d e c

h i e f s

, s p e

c i a l l y a p p

o i n t

o

f f i c e r s a n

d p r o

b a t i o n a r y o

f f i c e r s

( e x c e p

t i n

e

x c e s s

i v e f o r c e c a s e

s )

94

a w b

y

1 9



C

o n

f l i c t i n g

l a w s a r e

s u p e r s e d e

d a n

d l o c

a l l

i s p r e e m p

t e d

A

u t h o r i t y o

f t h e c

h i e

f n o

t l i m i t e d –

h e / s

h e

m

a y

“ r e g u

l a t e t h e e f

f i c i e n

t o p e r a

t i o n a n

d

m

a n a g e m e

n t o

f a

l a w e n

f o r c e m e n

t a g e n c y

a

n y r e a s o n

a b l e m e a n s …

”

95

a r y

o l

2 0



M

i s c e l l a

n e o u s i

s s u e s :

◦

P r o

t e c

t s r i g h t t o e n g a g e

i n p o l i

t i c a

l a c

t i v i t y

◦

P e r m

i t s a g

e n c y

t o r e a s o n a

b l y r e

g u

l a t e s e c o n

d a

e m p

l o y m e

n t o

f o

f f i c e r s

◦

P r o

h i b i t s a g e n c y

f r o m

r e q u

i r i n g

o f f i c e r

t o

d i s c

l o s e f

i n a n c

i a l i n f o r m a

t i o n

◦

P r o

h i b i t s d i s c r i m

i n a t i o n a g a

i n s t

a n o

f f i c e r

w h o

h a s a s s e r

t e d h i s o r h

e r

L E O B R o

r c o n s

t i t u t i o n a

r i g h t s

96

s

2 1



◦

A g e n c y m a y n o t

a d o p

t a

n y

r e g u

l a t i o n s

t h a t

p r o

h i b i t a n o

f f i c

e r '

r i g h t t o

b r i n g s u

i t r e

l a t e d t o t h e

o f f i c e r ’ s

d u

t i e s

◦

O f f i c e r m

a y w a i v

e i n w r i

t i n g

L E O B R

r i g h t s

97

b y

a t

2 2



“

T h e

i n v e

s t i g a

t i o n o r

i n t e

r r o g a

t i o

n b

a

l a w e n f

o r c e m e n

t a g e n c y o

f a

l a w

e

n f o r c e m

e n

t o

f f i c e r

f o r a

r e a s o n

t h a

m

a y

l e a d

t o d i s c i

p l i n a r y a

c t i o n ,

d

e m o

t i o n ,

o r

d i s m

i s s a

l s h a

l l b e

c

o n

d u c t e

d i n a c c o r d a n c e

w i t h t h i s

s

e c

t i o n . ”

98

n t h

e

2 3



S

h a

l l b e ( 1 ) a s w o

r n l a w e

n f o r c e m

e n

o

f f i c e r o r

( 2 ) i f r e q u e s

t e d

b y

t h e

G

o v e r n o r ,

t h e

A t t o r n e y G e n e r a

l o r

t h

A

t t o r n e y

G e n e r a l

’ s d e s i g n e e

99

0 3 1 8

v. o t

2 4



M

a y n o

t b e

i n v e s t i g

a t e d u n l e

s s

t h e

c

o m p

l a i n t

i s s w o r n

t o a n

d f i l

e d w

i t h i n

9 0

d

a y s o

f t h e a

l l e g e d

b r u

t a l i t y

u

t

s

e

e

B a

l t i m o r e C

i t y P o l i c e

v .

A n d r e w ,

3

M

d .

3 ( 1 9 8 9 ) a n

d M

a r y l a n d S

t a t e P o l i c

e v

R e s h

, 6 5 M

d .

A p p .

1 6 7 ( 1 9 8 5 ) A g e n c y n o

b

a r r e

d f r o

m i n

v e s t i g a

t i n g a c

t o

f b r u t a

l i t y

e

v e n w

h e n

s w o r n c o m p

l a i n t n o

t f i l e d ;

p

u r p o s e o

f s e c

t i o n

i s t o d e t e

r f r i v o

l o u s

c

o m p

l a i n t s n o

t r e s t

r i c t a g e n c y a c

t i o n .

100

h e

n d

2 5



B e f o r e a n

i n t e r r o g a

t i o n ,

o f f i c

e r s

h a

l l b

e

i n

f o r m e d

( 1 ) i n w r i t

i n g o

f t h e

n a

t u r e o

f t h

i n v e s

t i g a t i o n ;

( 2 ) o f

t h e n a m e ,

r a n

k a n

d

c

o m m a n d

o f t h e o f

f i c e r

i n c h

a r g e o

f t h e

i n v e s

t i g a t i o n ,

t h e i n

t e r r o g a t i n g o

f f i c e r a n

e

a c

h p e r s o n p r e s e n

t d u r i n g a n

i n

t e r r o g a t

i o n .

101

c e r

i a t e

e d l y

2 6



I n

t e r r o g a t

i o n m u s t b

e c o n

d u c

t e d a

t a

r

e a s o n a

b l e

h o u r , p r e

f e r a

b l y w

h e n

t h e o

f f i c

i s o n

d u t y , u n l e s s “ t

h e s e r i o u s

n e s s o

f t h

e

i n v e s

t i g a t i o n

i s o

f a

d e g r e e

t h

a t a n

i m m

e d

i n

t e r r o g a t

i o n

i s r e q u

i r e d

. ”

A

t t h e p o l

i c e u n

i t w h e r e

t h e i n

c i d e n

t a l

l e g e

o

c c u r r e

d o

r a

t a n o t h

e r r e a s o n

a b l e a n d

a

p p r o p r i a t

e p

l a c e .

102

s a

e r l l

n o

2 7



O

n r e q u e s

t , o

f f i c e r u

n d e r

i n t e

r r o g a

t i o n

h a s

r

i g h t t o b e

r e p r e s e n

t e d b y c o u n s e

l o r o

t h e

r

e s p o n s i b

l e r e p r e s e n

t a t i v e w h

o s

h a

l l b e

p

r e s e n

t a n

d a v a

i l a b l e f o r c o n s

u l t a t i o n a

t a

t

i m e s

d u r i n g

t h e

i n t e r r o g a

t i o n

.

T

h e

i n t e r r o g a

t i o n s h

a l l b e s u s

p e n

d e

d f o r n

m

o r e

t h a n

1 0 d a y s u

n t i l r e p r e

s e n

t a t i o n

i s

o

b t a i n e

d .

103

o n .

e a n

d

2 8



A

l l q u e s t i o

n s a s

k e d

b y a n

d t h r o u g

h o n e

i n

t e r r o g a t

i n g o

f f i c e r

d u r i n g a n y o n e s e s

s i o

E

a c

h s e s s i o n s

h a

l l b e

f o r a r e a

s o n a

b l e t

i m e

p

e r i o

d a n d

a l l o w

f o r

p e r s o n a l

n e c e s s i t i e s a

r

e s

t p e r i o d

s a s r e a s o n a

b l y n e c e s s a r y .

O

f f i c e r u n

d e r

i n t e r r o

g a

t i o n m a y n o

t b e

t

h r e a

t e n e d

w i t h t r a n

s f e r ,

d i s m

i s s a

l o r

d

i s c

i p l i n a r

y a c

t i o n .

104

t n d o

r

2 9



C

o u n s e l m a y :

( 1 )

r e q u e s t

a r e c e s s

a

a

n y

t i m e

t o c o n s u

l t w

i t h t h e o

f f i c e r ;

(

2 ) o

b j e c t t o a n y

q u e s

t i o n

p o s e d ;

a n

(

3 ) s

t a t e

o n

t h e r e c o r d o u

t s i d e

t h e

p

r e s e n c e

o f t h e o

f f i c e r t h

e r e a s o n

f o

t

h e o

b j e c

t i o n .

105

i o n ,

b e

d ”

i m

a t

3 0



A

c o m p

l e t e r e c o r d o

f t h e e n t i r e

i n t e r r o g a

t

i

n c

l u d i n g a

l l r e c e s s p e r i o

d s , m

u s

t b e

k e

p t

R

e c o r d m a

y b e

“ w r i t

t e n ,

t a p e d

o r

t r a n s c

r i b

W

h e n

i n v e s

t i g a

t i o n c o m p

l e t e d

, a n

d o n

r

e q u e s

t b y

t h e o

f f i c e r , a g e n c y

m u s

t g i v e

h

a

c o p y o f

t h e r e c o r d

o f t h e

i n t e r r o g a

t i o n a

l

e a s

t 1 0 d a y s

b e

f o r e

a h e a r i n g

106

a y a

t

3 1



T

e s

t s a n

d E x a m i n a

t i o n s :

A g e n c y m a

o

r d e r o f f

i c e r

t o s u

b m

i t t o

t e s

t s ,

e

x a m

i n a t i o n s a n

d i n t e r r o

g a

t i o n s

t h

r

e l a t e t o

t h e s u b

j e c

t m a t

t e r o

f t h e

i n v e s

t i g a

t i o n

I f o

f f i c e r

r e f u s e s ,

a g e n c y

m a y

t a k

e

d

i s c

i p l i n a r y a c

t i o

n

107

o s o r

o r

g r

3 2



I

f a g e n c y

o r d e r s o

f f i c e r t o s u

b m i

t t o

t

e s

t s ,

r e s

u l t s o f t

e s

t s ,

e x a m

i n a t i o

n s

i

n t e r r o g a

t i o n s a r e n o

t d i s

c o v e r a b

l e

a

d m

i s s i b

l e i n a c r i m

i n a l p

r o c e e d i n g

a

g a

i n s t t

h e

l a w e

n f o r c e m

e n

t o

f f i c

e r

108

o t s h

o r

3 3



A

g e n c y m a y o r d e r o

f f i c e r

t o s

u b m

i t t o a

p

o l y g r a p h

e x a m

i n a t

i o n ,

b u

t r e s u

l t s a r e

n o

a

d m

i s s

i b l e

i n a

h e a r

i n g u n

l e s s

b o

t h p a r

t i e

a

g r e e

t o t h

e a

d m

i s s i o n o

f t h e

r e s u

l t s .

R

i g h t t o h a v e c o u n s e

l p r e s e n t

a t p o

l y g r

a p

t

o r e v

i e w q u e s

t i o n s

b e

f o r e

h a n

d .

O

f f i c e r e n

t i t l e d t o c o p y o

f r e p

o r t .

109

h e

n d

p y

t o r y

d e

3 4



A

t l e a s

t 1 0 d a y s

b e f o r e a

h e a r i n g ,

t h e

a

g e n c y m u s

t p r o v i d

e t o t h e o

f f i c e r : ( 1

) t h

n

a m e o

f e

a c

h w

i t n e

s s ;

( 2 ) e a

c h c

h a r g e

a n

s

p e c

i f i c a t i o n a g a i n s

t t h e o f f i c e r ;

( 3 ) a

c o

o

f t h e

i n v e s

t i g a

t o r y

f i l e a n d a n y e x c u l p a

t

i

n f o r m a t i o

n p r o v i d e

d t h a

t t h

e o

f f i c e r a n

d

h

i s l a w y e r

: ( 1 ) e x e c

u t e a c o n

f i d e n

t i a l i t

y

a

g r e e m e n

t a n

d ( 2 ) p a y r e a s o

n a

b l e c h a

r g

f

o r r e p r o d

u c

i n g

t h e

m a

t e r i a l .

110

3 5



I

d e n

t i t y o

f c o n

f i d

e n

t i a l s o

u r c e s

N

o n - e x c

u l p a

t o r y

i n f o r m a

t i o n

R

e c o m m e n

d a

t i o n

s a s

t o c

h a r g e s ,

d

i s p o s i t i o n ,

o r p u n

i s h m e

n t

111

s v e

g n e

d 3 6



M

a y n o t

b e p

l a c e

d i n t h e o

f f i c e r ’ s

p

e r s o n n e

l f i l e u n

l e s s

h e

h a s a n

o

p p o r t u n

i t y t o r

e v

i e w , s

i g n ,

r e c

e i

a

c o p y o

f a n

d c o

m m e n t

i n w r i t i n g

o

n t h e a

d v e r s e m a

t e r i a l

A

d v e r s e

m a

t e r i a

l m a y b e m a

i n t a

i n

i

n t h e

i n

t e r n a

l i n

v e s

t i g a

t i o n o r

i

n t e l l i g e n c e

d i v i s

i o n

f i l e

s

112

n i e d

m a y

d e r

u s e

d .

3 7



L

a w e n f o

r c e m e n

t o

f f i c e r w

h o

i s d

e n

a

r i g h t g r a n

t e d u

n d e r

t h i s s u

b t i t l e m

a

p p

l y t o

t h e c

i r c u

i t c o u r t

f o r a n o

r d

t

h a

t d i r e c

t s t h e a

g e n c y t o

s h o w c

a u

w

h y

t h e r i g

h t s h o

u l d n o t

b e g r a n

t e d

113

d ”

v e

y t o

t y

3 8



A

d m

i n i s t

r a t i v e c h

a r g e s m u s

t b e

“ f i l e

w

i t h i n o n

e y e a r a

f t e r

t h e a

c t t h a t g

a v

r

i s e

t o t h

e c

h a r g e

s “ c o m e s

t o t h e

a

t t e n

t i o n

o f t h e a p p r o p r i a

t e a g e n c

y

o

f f i c i a l . ”

T

h e

1 y e a r

l i m i t a t

i o n

d o e s

n o

t a p p

l y

c

h a r g e s

t h a

t r e l a t

e t o c r i m

i n a

l a c t

i v i t

o

r e x c e s s

i v e

f o r c e

114

h o i l i t y

i s t

o r

3 9



A l l o w s a g e

n c y

t o k e

e p a

l i s t o

f o

f f i c e r s

w h

h a v e c o m m

i t t e d o r a r e a

l l e g e

d t o h a v e

c o m m

i t t e d

b a

d a c t s

t h a

t r e

f l e

c t o n c r e d

i b

P r o

h i b i t s a

g e n c y

f r o

m d

i s c

i p l i n i n g o

f f i c

e r

s o

l e l y b e c a u s e

h i s o

r h e r n a m

e i s o n

t h e

l

R e q u

i r e s a

g e n c y

t o n o

t i f y o f f i c e r

t h a

t h i s o

h e r n a m e

i s o n

t h e l i s t

115

o n

o a

o a r d

a

4 0



I

f i n v e s

t i g a

t i o n r e s u

l t s i n a r e c o m m e n d a

t i

o

f p u n

i t i v e

a c

t i o n , t

h e o

f f i c e r

i s e n

t i t l e d

t o

h

e a r i n g o n

t h e

i s s u e

s b e

f o r e a

h e a r i n g

b o

b

e f o r e

t h e

a g e n c y t a

k e s

t h e a c

t i o n

B

u t a n o f f

i c e r w

h o h

a s

b e e n c o n v

i c t e d o

f a

f

e l o n y

i s n

o t e n

t i t l e d

t o a

h e a r i n g .

116

t h e

h e

h e

w f o r

4 1



A g e n c y m u s

t g

i v e n o

t i c e o

f t h

e r i g

h t t o

a

h e a r i n g

b o

a r d a n

d t

h e

t i m e a n

d p

l a c e o

f t

h e a r i n g a n

d t h e

i s s u

e s

i n v o l v e

d

M e m

b e r s o

f t h e

b o a

r d a r e a p p o

i n t e d b y

t

c h i e f – o n e m e m

b e r

i s t h e s a m

e r a n

k a s

t

a c c u s e

d o f f i c e r

C o

l l e c

t i v e

B a r g a

i n i n g

A g r e e m e n

t c a n a l

l o w

“ a l t e r n a

t i v e m e

t h o d

o f f o r m

i n

g a

h e a r i n

g

b o a r d

”

117

o r a s

h e

4 2



A l l o w

i n g o

f f i c e r

t o “ s

t r i k e

” a p p o

i n t e d

m e m

b e r s

A g r e e

i n g

t o a

t h i r d p a r t y c

i v i l i a n a r b

i t r a

t o

a m e m

b e r

o f t h e

b o a r d

A l l o w

i n g u

n i o n r e p r e s e n

t a t i v e

t o s e

l e c t

t h

p e e r o

f f i c e

r

R e q u

i r i n g

a l l b o a r d m e m

b e r s

t o b e

f r o m

o t h e r a g e n

c i e s

118

o . u n

i t y

t h e

e l

4 3



H e a r i n g

B o a r d c

h a i r

o r c

h i e f a

u t h o r i z e d

t o

i s s u e s u b p

o e n a s

t o

r e q u

i r e w i t n e s s e s t o

a t t e n

d h e a

r i n g a n d

b r i n g

d o c u m e n

t s , e

t c .

E a c

h p a r t y

m u s

t b e

g i v e n

“ a m

p l e o p p o r

t u

t o p r e s e n t

e v

i d e n c e

a n

d a r g u m e n

t a

b o u

t

i s s u e s

i n v o

l v e

d . ”

B o a r d a u t h

o r i z e

d t o

a d m

i n i s t e r o a

t h s

E a c

h p a r t y

m a y

b e r e p r e s e n t e

d b y c o u n

s e

119

e n

4 4



T h a

t i n f o r m a

t i o n c o

m m o n

l y a

c c e p

t e d b

y

r e a s o n a b l e a n

d p r u

d e n

t i n d i v i d u a

l s i n t

h e

c o n

d u c

t o f t h e

i r a f f a

i r s i s a

d m

i s s

i b l e

B o a r d m e m

b e r s m a y

t a k e n o t

i c e o

f k n o

w n

f a c

t s a n d m a y u

t i l i z e

t h e

i r e x p e r i e n c e ,

t e c

h n

i c a l c

o m p e

t e n c e a n

d s p e c

i a l i z e

d

k n o w

l e d g e

t o e v a l u a

t e t h e e v

i d e n c e

120

e o

f

a t i v e

r d i n g

4 5



T h e

b u r d e

n o

f p r o o

f i s o n

t h e

a g e n c y

T h e s

t a n d a r d o

f p r o

o f i s a p r e

p o n

d e r a n

c e

t h e e v

i d e n

c e

T h e s

t a n d a r d s o

f e v

i d e n c e a r e a

d m

i n i s t r a

l a w ,

n o

t c r i m

i n a

l l a w

N o p r e s u m

p t i o n s o f

t r u t h a r e

m a

d e r e g

a r

t h e

f a c

t s i n

d i s p u

t e ,

i n c

l u d i n g

n o

p r e s u m p t

i o n o

f i n n o c e n c e

121

s e d r o m

4 6



N o p r e s u m

p t i o n s a r

e m a

d e a

b o u

t w

i t n e

s s

c r e

d i b i l i t y ;

f a c

t - b a s e

d e v a

l u a t i o n o

f t h e

w i t n e s s e s

a n

d e v

i d e

n c e

i s r e q

u i r e d

B o a r d s

h o u

l d a p p l y

p r o

f e s s i o n a

l e x p e r t

i s

a n

d c o m m

o n s e n s e

t o t h e

f a c

t s p r e s e n

t e d

C o n c

l u s i o n s m u s

t b

e l o g

i c a l l y

d e

d u c e d

f r

t h e e v

i d e n

c e

122

n g

c t i o n

k e

4 7



H

e a r i n g

b o a r d

d e c i s

i o n m u s t

b e

i n w r

i t i

a

n d i n c

l u d

e f i n d i n g s o

f f a c t

A

f i n d i n g o

f n o

t g u

i l t y t e r m i n

a t e s

t h e a c

I f f i n d i n g o

f g u

i l t i s

m a

d e , b o

a r d m u s t

a

c c e p

t a d d

i t i o n a

l e v

i d e n c e a n

d t h e n m

a

r

e c o m m e n

d a

t i o n o f

p e n a

l t y t o t h e c h i e

f

123

e i n g

h e

u r e s ,

4 8



W i t h i n 3 0

d a y s ,

t h e

c h i e f m u s

t r e v

i e w t

h e

h e a r i n g

b o

a r d a n

d i s s u e a

f i n a

l o r d e r

T h e p e n a l

t y r e c o m m

e n

d a

t i o n

i s n o

t b i n

d

o n

t h e c h i e

f

T o

i n c r e a s

e t h e r e c o

m m e n

d e d p e n a

l t y ,

t h

c h i e f m u s

t g o

t h r o u

g h a

d d i t i o

n a

l p r o c e

d u

i n c

l u d i n g a m e e

t i n g

w i t h t h e o

f f i c e r

C h i e f n o t a u

t h o r i z e

d t o c

h a n g

e f a c

t u a l

f i n d i n g s o

r v e r d

i c t s

124

u r t

t i v e

c t ” –

w

4 9



O

f f i c e r

h a s

a r i g

h t t o

a p p e a l t o c

i r c u

i t c o u

A

p p e a

l i s “

o n

t h e r e c o r d

” a n d

a d m

i n i s t r a

t

l a w p r i n c i p

l e s a p p l y

A

g e n c y

d e c

i s i o n s

” p r e s u m e

d t o b e c o r r e c

c

o u r t a u t h o r i z e

d t o c o n s

i d e r e

r r o r s o

f l a w

E

i t h e r p a r t y m a y a p p

e a

l t o t h e

C o u r t o f

A

p p e a

l s

125

t h e

a r i n g

n a t i v e

5 0



O f f i c e r m a

y r e q u e s t

t o h a v e r e c o r d s

e x p u n g e d

a f t e r

3 y e

a r s

i f e x o

n e r a

t e d b

y

i n v e s

t i g a t i o n o r

f o u n

d n o

t g u

i l t y b y a h

e a

b o a r d

E v

i d e n c e o

f a

f o r m a

l c o m p

l a i n

t a g a

i n s t

a

o f f i c e r

i s n

o t a

d m

i s s

i b l e i n a n

a d m

i n i s t r a

o r

j u d i c i a l

p r o c e e d i n g

i f t h e o

f f i c e r w a s

e x o n e r a t e

d o r

f o u n

d n o

t g u i l

t y

126

i o n

5 1



S u m m a r y p u n

i s h

m e n

t m a y

b e

i m p o s e d

:

◦

F o r m

i n o r

v i o l a t i o n s

◦

T h e

f a c t s a r e n o

t d i s p

u t e d b y

t h e o

f f i c e r

◦

T h e o

f f i c e

r w a

i v e s r i g

h t t o a

h e a r i n g

◦

T h e o

f f i c e

r a c c e p

t s t h

e p u n

i s h m e n

t

◦

P u n

i s h m e n

t d o e s n o t

e x c e e

d a 3

d a y s u s p e n

s i

w i t h o u

t p a y o r

$ 1 5 0 f i n e

127

c y t h

e

e r s

”

5 2



A l l o w s

t h e

c h i e f t o i m p o s e a n

“ e m e r g e n

c

s u s p e n s i o

n ” w

h e n i n

t h e

b e s t

i n t e r e s t o

f

p u

b l i c a n d

t h e

l a w e

n f o r c e m e

n t a g e n c y

S u s p e n s i o

n m u s

t b e

w i t h p a y

C h i e f m a y

a l s o s u s p

e n

d t h e “ p o

l i c e p o w

e

o f t h e o f f i c e r a n

d a s

s i g n

h i m / h e r

t o

a d m

i n i s t r a

t i v e

d u t i e

s i n s

t e a d

S u s p e n s i o

n m a y c o n

t i n u e u n t

i l m a

t t e r i s

r e s o

l v e

d

128

c h i e f

o f

e r

i s

5 3



I f a n o

f f i c e r

i s c

h a r g

e d w

i t h a

f e l o n y , t h

e

m a y

i m p o s e a n

“ e m

e r g e n c y s u s p e n s

i o n

o

p o

l i c e p o w

e r s

” w

i t h o u

t p a y

I n e

i t h e r c

a s e ,

( p a i d

o r u n p a i d

) t h e o

f f i c e

e n

t i t l e d t o

a “ p r o m p

t h e a r i n g

”

129

s e

a n

b j e c

t

c l e

.

5 4



A p e r s o n m a y n o

t k n o w

i n g

l y m a

k e a

f a l s

s t a t e m e n t

, r e p o r t , o

r c o m p l a

i n t d u r i n g

a

L E O B R i n v e s

t i g a

t i o n

o r p r o c e e

d i n g .

A p e r s o n w

h o v

i o l a t

e s

t h i s s e c

t i o n

i s s u

b

t o t h e p e n

a l t i e s o f t

h e

C r i m

i n

a l L a w

A r t i c

130



131

s e

l f -

h t t o

o n s

h i s

rr i t y

5 6



5 t h a m e n d

m e n

t t o t h e

U . S .

C o

n s

t i t u t i o n

p r o v

i d e s t

o a

l l c

i t i z e

n s

t h e r i g

h t a g a

i n s

t

i n c r i m

i n a t

i o n ,

a l s o r e

f e r r e

d t o

a s

t h e r i g

h

r e m a

i n s i l e n

t

T h e r i g h t

a p p

l i e s i n

c r i m

i n a l

i n v e s

t i g a t

i o

a n

d p r o s e

c u

t i o n s

G o v e r n m e

n t e m p

l o y e e s

d o n o

t g

i v e u p

t

r i g h t b y v

i r t u e o

f t h e

i r e m p l o y m e n

t ( G a

r r

c a s e

)

132

e m e n

t

n t s

a y o n a

l ”

5 7



I f t h e g o v e r n m e n

t e

m p

l o y e r /

l a w e n

f o r c

e

a g e n c y c o

m p e

l s a n

e m p

l o y e e

t o a n s w e r

i n c r i m

i n a t

i n g q u e s t

i o n s ,

t h o s

e s

t a t e m e n

c a n n o

t b e

u s e

d a g a

i n s

t t h e e m p

l o y e e i n

c r i m

i n a

l p

r o s e c u

t i o n

( “ u s e

” i m

m u n

i t y )

C o m p u

l s i o n m a y e v

e n r e s u l t

i n i m m u n

i t y

f r o m

p r o s e c u

t i o n a

l t o g e

t h e r

( “ t r a n s a c t

i o

i m m u n

i t y )

G a r r i t y a n

d s e c

t i o n 3 -

1 0 4 ( l )

133

d t o

g a

t i o n

n t h e

5 8



5 t h a m e n d

m e n

t r i g h

t t o c o u n s e

l w

h e n a

p e r s o n

i s i n c u s

t o d y a n

d b e i n

g s u

b j e c t e

d

q u e s

t i o n i n

g r e

l a t e d

t o a c r i m

i n a

l i n v e s t

i g

I f p e r s o n r e q u e s

t s c

o u n s e

l , i n

t e r r o g a t i o

n

m u s

t c e a s

e u n

t i l c o u n s e

l i s o

b t a i n e

d

6 t h a m e n d

m e n

t – w

h e n

“ f o r m a

l c r i m

i n a l

p r o c e e

d i n

g s

” h a v e c

o m m e n c e

d a g a

i n s t

t

p e r s o n

134

h a s a

u p

t o

e n

t e d

g

5 9



O n r e q u e s

t , o

f f i c e r u n

d e r

i n v e s

t i g a

t i o n

h

r i g h t t o h a v e c o u n s e

l p r e s e n t

a t a n

i n t e r r o g a t

i o n

A n

i n t e r r o

g a

t i o n m a

y b e s u s p

e n

d e

d f o r

1 0 d a y s t o

g e

t a

l a w

y e r ,

i f n e e

d e

d

L a w e n

f o r c e m e n

t o f

f i c e r m a y

b e r e p r e s

e

b y c o u n s e

l a

t a

h e a r i n g

b e

f o r

e a

h e a r i n

g

b o a r d

135



136

Appendix 4. GOCCP





W A T

l v i n g a

n n t i o n



A n o v e r v i e w o f R a c e

B a s e d T r a f f i c S t o p , S W

D

e p l o y m e n t , E C D D i s c

h a r g e , a n d D e a t h s I n v o

l

L a w E n

f o r c e m e n t O f f i c e r d a t a c o l l e c t i o n

i

M

a r y l a n d

G o v e r n o r ' s O f f i c e o f C r i m e C o n t r o l & P r e v e

n

S e p t e m

b e r 2 2 , 2 0 1 5

P u b

l i c S a f e t y & P

o l i c i n g

W o r

k g r o u p P r e s e n t a t i o n

139

r e q u i r e d d a t a

a t a c o l l e c t i o n

o f t h e E - T I X

n t r y d a t a b a s e

e l e c t r o n i c a l l y

y e a r .

y e a r s .

m c h e c k p o i n t s

u s e o f r a d a r ,




I n 2 0 0 1 , t h e M a r y l a n d G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y p a s s e d C h s . 3 4 2 a n d 3 4 3 w h i c h r

c o l l e c t i o n o n e v e r y l a w e l i g i b l e t r a f f i c s

t o p i n M a r y l a n d .

I n 2 0 1 1 , t h e M a r y l a

n d G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y p a s s e d S B 1 4 w

h i c h r e i n s t a t e d t h i s

d a

p r o c e s s .

I n A u g u s t 2 0 1 1 , G O C C P p r o v i d e d f u n d i n g t o M S P t o c r e a t e a m o d i f i c a t i o n o

( E l e c t r o n i c T r a f f i c I

n f o r m a t i o n E x c h a n g e ) i n t e r f a c e , w h i c h

i n c l u d e s a r e p o r t i n g e

t h a t a l l o w s f o r a l l

l a w e n f o r c e m e n t a

g e n c i e s t o s u b m i t

t r a f f i c s t o p r e c o r d s e

t h r o u g h M S P , w h o s

u b m i t s a l l l a w e n f o r c e m e n t d a t a t o M S A C b y M a r c h 1 s t e a c h

C h a p t e r 1 2 7 o f 2 0 1 5 r e i n s t a t e d t h i s d a t a

c o l l e c t i o n p r o c e s s f o r a n a d d i t i o n a l f i v

e y

T r a f f i c s t o p s e x c l u d

e d f r o m d a t a c o l l e c t i o n i n c l u d e t r a f f i c

s t o p s t h a t r e s u l t f r o m

o r r o a d b l o c k s , s t o p s o f m u l t i p l e v e h i c

l e s a f t e r a n a c c i d e n t o r e m e r g e n c y , t h

e

l a s e r , v a s c a r t e c h n o l o g y , a n d l i c e n s e p l a

t e r e a d e r s .

M S A C s u b m i t s a r e p o r t t o t h e G o v e r n

o r , t h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y , a n d e a c h l a

w

a g e n c y o n t h e d a t a f

i n d i n g s b y S e p t e m b

e r 1 s t e a c h y e a r .

140



D e m o g r a p h i c i n f o r

m a t i o n o n t h e d r i v e r ;

A g e n c y t h a t m a d e t h e s t o p ;

D a t e ( M o n t h ) o f t h

e s t o p ;

T i m e o f d a y t h e s t o

p o c c u r r e d ;

L e n g t h o f s t o p ;

V e h i c l e r e g i s t r a t i o n

i n f o r m a t i o n ;

C o u n t y o f r e s i d e n c

e ;

R e a s o n f o r t h e s t o p

;

R e a s o n f o r t h e s e a r c h , i f o n e w a s c o n d u c t e d ;

T y p e o f s e a r c h ;

O u t c o m e o f t h e s e a r c h ;

O v e r a l l o u t c o m e o f t h e t r a f f i c s t o p .

141

a f f i c S t o p s A

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N e a r l y 8 0 % o f t h e d r i v e r s w

e r e M a r y l a n d R e s i d e n t s

M o s t c o m m o n s t o p r e a s o n s :

e q u i p m e n t v i o l a t i o n s

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c e / E t h n i c i t y o f D r i v e r i n

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142

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3 . 9 %

o f m a l e s a n d 1 . 8 % o f f e m a l e s w e r e s e a r c h e d

M a l e s

F e m a l e s

2 . 3 %

A s i a n

0 . 9 %

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A f r i c a n A m e r i c

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5 . 1 %

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C a u c a s i a n

M o s t c o m m o n s e a r c h r e a s o n s

w e r e i n c i d e n t t o a r r e s t , p

r o b a b l e c a u s e , a n d t h e d

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a s e a r c h w a s c o n d u c t e d

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o f f e m a l e s h a d a n i t e m

( s ) c o n f i s c a t e d b y l a w e n f o

p r o p e r t y , o r b o t h )

M a l e s

F e m a l e s

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A f r i c a n A m e r i c

a n

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1 . 8 %

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C a u c a s i a n

T h e t r a f f i c s t o p o u t c o m e s a r e s h o w n b e l o w b y r a c e :

W a r n i n g

C i t a t i o n

R e p a i r O r d e r

A r r e s t

5 4 . 2 % A s i a n

3 3 . 3 %

A s i a n

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A s i a n

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5 0 . 9 % A f r i c a n A m e r i c a n

3 6 . 4 %


1 0 . 5 %

A f r i c a n

A m e r i c a n

2 . 3 %

A f r i c

3 9 . 3 % H

i s p a n i c

4 5 . 8 %

H i s p a n i c

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H i s p a n i c

3 . 3 %

H i s p

5 2 . 6 % O

t h e r

3 6 . 5 %

O t h e r

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O t h e r

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O t h e

5 4 . 2 % C a u c a s i a n

3 3 . 7 %

C a u c a s i a n

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a u

143



2 0 1 3 R a c e B a s e d T r a f f i c S t o p D a t a A n

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e n t s / T S D R e p o r t 2 0 1 4 . p d f

144

2 6 7 . T h i s l a w

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n f o r m a t i o n t o

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I n 2 0 0 9 , t h e M a r y l a n d G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y p a s s e d S e n a t e B

i l l 4 4 7 / H o u s e B i l l

1

r e q u i r e s l a w e n f o r c

e m e n t a g e n c i e s t h a t m a i n t a i n e d

a S W

A T T e a m a s a p a r t

d e p l o y m e n t a n d o p e r a t i o n , t o r e p o r t

s p e c i f i c a c t i v a t i o n

a n d d e p l o y m e n t

i n

M S A C .

A S W A T T e a m i s d e f i n e d a s a s p e c i a l u

n i t c o m p o s e d o f t w o o r m o r e l a w e n f o r c e

w i t h i n a l a w

e n f o

r c e m e n t a g e n c y t r a i n e d t o d e a l w i t h

u n u s u a l l y d a n g e r o u

s i t u a t i o n s a n d h a v i n

g s p e c i a l e q u i p m e n t a n d w e a p o n s , s u c h

a s r i f l e s m o r e p o w

e r

c a r r i e d b y r e g u l a r p o l i c e o f f i c e r s .

M S A C a n d t h e P o

l i c e a n d C o r r e c t i o n a l T r a i n i n g C o m m

i s s i o n s ( P C T C ) w o r k

e n f o r c e m e n t a n d l e g a l r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s t o d e v e l o p a s t a

n d a r d i z e d , e f f i c i e n

t ,

f o r m a t t o r e c o r d a n d r e p o r t d a t a r e q u i r e

d u n d e r t h i s l a w .

L a w e n f o r c e m e n t a g e n c i e s s u b m i t t e d a n e x c e l s p r e a d s h e e t

t o M S A C b y J a n u a r y

1 5 t h o f e a c h y e a r .

M S A C s u b m i t t e d a

r e p o r t o n t h e f i n d i n g s t o t h e G o v e r n o

r , t h e G e n e r a l A s s e

m

l a w e n f o r c e m e n t a g e n c y S e p t e m b e r 1 s t e a c h y e a r .

T h i s l a w s u n s e t t e d o n J u n e 3 0 , 2 0 1 4 .

145

W a r r a n t , S e a r c h

P a r t I I C r i m e ,

a m m e m b e r ;



T h e n u m b e r o f t i m

e s t h e S W A T T e a m

w a s a c t i v a t e d a n d

d e p l o y e d ;

T h e l o c a t i o n w h e r e t h e S W A T T e a m w a s d e p l o y e d ( e . g . , z i p c o d e ) ;

T h e l e g a l a u t h o r i t y f o r e a c h a c t i v a

t i o n a n d d e p l o y m

e n t ( i . e . , A r r e s t W

W a r r a n t , B a r r i c a d e

, E x i g e n t C i r c u m s t a n c e s , o r O t h e r ) ;

T h e r e a s o n f o r e

a c h a c t i v a t i o n a n

d d e p l o y m e n t ( i . e . , P a r t I C r i m e ,

P

E m e r g e n c y P e t i t i o n , S u i c i d a l , o r O t h e r ) ;

W h e t h e r f o r c i b l e e n t r y w a s u s e d ;

W h e t h e r p r o p e r t y o r c o n t r a b a n d w a s s e i z e d ;

W h e t h e r a w e a p o n

w a s d i s c h a r g e d b y

a S W A T T e a m m e

m b e r ;

T h e n u m b e r o f a r r e s t s m a d e ;

W h e t h e r a n y p e r s o

n o r d o m e s t i c a n i m

a l w a s i n j u r e d o r k i l l e d b y a S W A T T

e

W h e t h e r t h e r e w e r e a n y i n j u r i e s o f a S W A T O f f i c e r .

146

i c e a g e n c i e s .

x c l u s i v e l y

b y a j u d g e .

a r e s p o n s e t o

c u r r e d i n l e s s

S W A T T e a m

p l o y m e n t s .



R o u g h l y 1 , 6 0 0 S W A T d e p l o y m e n t s o c c u r r e d e a c h y e a r f r o m 3 5 - 4 0 p o

l i

S W A T d e p l o y m e

n t s i n M a r y l a n d w

e r e a c t i v a t e d a n d

i n i t i a t e d , a l m o s t e x

( 9 0 - 9 3 % ) i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e e x e c u t i o n o f a s e a r c h w a r r a n t s i g n e d

T h e s e s e a r c h w a r r a n t s a l m o s t u n a n

i m o u s l y ( 9 5 - 9 8 %

) w e r e i n i t i a t e d a s

a P a r t I F e l o n y C

r i m e o r a P a r t I I C

r i m e d r u g i n v e s t i g a t i o n .

2 / 3 o f S W A T d e p

l o y m e n t s i n v o l v e

d f o r c i b l e e n t r y .

8 0 - 8 7 % i n v o l v e d

t h e s e i z u r e o f i l l e g a l p r o p e r t y o r c o n t r a b a n d .

A t l e a s t o n e a r r e s t w a s m a d e i n 2 / 3 o f a l l d e p l o y m e n t s .

A d i s c h a r g e d w e a p o n o r i n j u r y o f a p e r s o n b y a S W A T t e a m o f f i c e r o c c

t h a n 2 % o f a l l d e

p l o y m e n t s .

A n i n j u r y o r d e a t h o f a d o m e s t i c a n i m a l a n d t h e d e a t h o f a p e r s o n b y a

m e m b e r d u r i n g a

d e p l o y m e n t a l s o

o c c u r r e d i n l e s s t h a n 2 % o f t o t a l d e p

147

1 3

F Y 2 0 1 4

0

1 , 6 8 9

3 5

%

9 3 . 1 %

%

9 8 . 2 %

%

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8 7 . 1 %

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S W A T D e p l o

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0 1 1

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0 1

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1 , 6 1 8

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1 , 6 5 1

1 , 6 5 0

A g e n c i e s t h a t R e p o r t e d

a t l e a s t 1 D e p l o y m e n t

3 9

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3 7

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s a S e a r c h W a r r a n t

9 1 . 8 %

9 0 . 3

%

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9 0 . 5 %

R e a s o n f o r D e p l o y m e n t w a s a P a r t I o r P a r t I I C r i m e

9 5 . 1 %

9 6 . 9

%

9 6 . 0 %

9 6 . 4 %

F o r c i b l e E n t r y w a s U s e d

6 9 . 1 %

6 8 . 1

%

6 5 . 8 %

6 8 . 2 %

P r o p e r t y o r C o n t r a b a n d w a s S e i z e d

8 1 . 5 %

8 3 . 3

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8 4 . 9 %

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6 3 . 4 %

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%

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6 5 . 2 %

A f i r e a r m w a

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1

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A S W A T O f f i c e r w a s I n j u r e d

N o t R e p o r t e d

N o t R e p o r t e d

1 0

9

148



F

i s c a l Y e a r 2 0 1 4 S

W A T T e a m D e p l o y m e n t D a t a A n a l y s i s

h

t t p : / / g o c c p . m a r y l a n d . g o v / m s a c / d o c

u m e n t s / S W A T R e p o r t F Y 2 0 1 4 . p d f

149

u s e B i l l 5 0 7 .

n t r o l D e v i c e s

n g t h e u s e o f

a s a w e a p o n

i d u a l b y t h e

w o r k e d w i t h

f f i c i e n t , u s e r -

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I n 2 0 1 1 , t h e M a r y l a n d G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y p a s s e d S e n a t e B i l l 6 5 2 / H o u

T h i s l a w r e q u i r e s

l a w e n f o r c e m e n t a g e n c i e s t h a t i s s u e E l e c t r o n i c C o

n

( E C D s ) , a l s o k n o

w n a s t a s e r s , t o

r e p o r t c e r t a i n i n f o r m a t i o n r e g a r d i

n

t h o s e d e v i c e s t o M

S A C .

A n E l e c t r o n i c C o

n t r o l D e v i c e i s d e f i n e d a s a p o r t a b l e d e v i c e d e s i g n e d

c a p a b l e o f i n j u r i n g , i m m o b i l i z i n g , o r i n f l i c t i n g p a i n o n a n i n d i v i

d i s c h a r g e o f a n e l e c t r i c a l c u r r e n t .

M S A C a n d t h e P o

l i c e a n d C o r r e c t i o n a l T r a i n i n g C o m

m i s s i o n s ( P C T C

)

l a w e n f o r c e m e n t a n d l e g a l r e p r e s e n

t a t i v e s t o d e v e l o p a s t a n d a r d i z e d , e f

f r i e n d l y f o r m a t t o

r e c o r d a n d r e p o r t d a t a r e q u i r e d u n d e r t h i s l a w .

L a w e n f o r c e m e n t

a g e n c i e s s u b m i t

a n e x c e l s p r e a d s h

e e t t o M S A C b y

M

e a c h y e a r .

M S A C s u b m i t s a r e p o r t t o t h e G

o v e r n o r , t h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y , a

e n f o r c e m e n t a g e n

c y o n t h e f i n d i n g s b y S e p t e m b e r 1 s t e a c h y e a r .

150

h e p a s t y e a r ;

) i n w h i c h t h e

d p r i o r t o t h e

p l i a n c e , t h r e a t

u t t o c k s , f r o n t



T h e n u m b e r o f t i m e s a n E C D w

a s d i s c h a r g e d b y t h e a g e n c y i n t h

T h e t i m e , d a t e , a n d l o c a t i o n ( z i p

c o d e ) o f t h e d i s c h a r g e ;

T h e t y p e o f i n c i d e n t ( e . g . n o n - c

r i m i n a l , c r i m i n a

l , o r t r a f f i c s t o p

)

p e r s o n a g a i n s t w h o m t h e E C D

w a s d i s c h a r g e d w a s i n v o l v e d

d i s c h a r g e ;

T h e r e a s o n f o r

e a c h d i s c h a r g e

( e . g . n o n - t h r e a t e n i n g n o n - c o m p

o f f o r c e , a n d u s e o f f o r c e ) ;

T h e t y p e o f m o d

e u s e d ( e . g . p r o

b e , d r i v e s t u n , o

r b o t h ) ;

T h e p o i n t o f i m

p a c t o f e a c h d i s c h a r g e ( e . g . , a r m , b a c k t o r s o , b u

t o r s o , g r o i n / h i p , h e a d , l e g , n e c k , s i d e , c l o t h i n g , o r m i s s ) ;

151

e , a n d t h e

e E C D w a s

h e r ) , i f a n y ,

a r g e d , a n d

n p u n c t u r e s

a l o f E C D

a i n s t w h o m

u n c t u r e s o r

D p r o b e s .



T h e n u m b e r o

f E C D

c y c l e s

, t h e d u r a t i o n

o f e a c h c y c l

e

d u r a t i o n b e t w e e n c y c l e s o f t h e

d i s c h a r g e ;

T h e r a c e , g e n d e r , a n d a g e , o f

e a c h p e r s o n a g

a i n s t w h o m t h e

d i s c h a r g e d ;

T h e t y p e o f w e

a p o n ( e . g . , f i r e a r m , e d g e d , b l u n t f o r c e , o r o t h

p o s s e s s e d b y t h e p e r s o n a g a i n s t w h o m t h e E C D w a s d i s c h

t h e t h r e a t o f a n y w e a p o n ;

A n y i n j u r y o r d e a t h r e s u l t i n g

f r o m t h e d i s c h

a r g e o t h e r t h a n

o r l a c e r a t i o n s

c a u s e d b y t h e

E C D c o n t a c t

o r t h e r e m o v a

p r o b e s ;

T h e t y p e o f m e

d i c a l c a r e , i f a n y , p r o v i d e d t o

t h e p e r s o n a g a

t h e E C D w a s

d i s c h a r g e d , o t h e r t h a n t h e t r

e a t m e n t f o r p u

l a c e r a t i o n s c a u s e d b y t h e E C D

c o n t a c t o r t h e

r e m o v a l o f E C D

152

i n g h o u r s ( 4 : 0 0 p m

m i n a l i n c i d e n t a n d

s c e n t e r m a s s ( i . e . ,

w E C D d i s c h a r g e s

e v e r , i f m o r e t h a n

t o r e c o v e r b e f o r e

h r e a t o f a w e a p o n

d i c a l c a r e , m a i n l y



9 2 l a w e n f o r c e m e n t a g e n c i e s i n M a r y l a n d

u s e T a s e r s .

E C D d i s c h a r g e s a r e m o s t l i k e l y t o o c c u r i n d e n s e l y p o p u l a t e d

a r e a s d u r i n g t h e e v e n

i

– 1 2 : 0 0 a m s h i f t ) .

T h e m a j o r i t y o f d i s c h a r g e s o c c u r d u r i n g l a w e n f o r c e m e n t ’ s i n i t i a l r e s p o n s e t o a c r i m

w h e n a p e r s o n f a i l e d

t o c o m p l y w i t h l a w e

n f o r c e m e n t o f f i c e r o r d e r s .

P r o b e m o d e w a s m o s t c o m m o n l y u s e d d u

r i n g a n E C D d i s c h a r g e i n w h i c h a p e r s o n ’ s

f r o n t a n d b a c k t o r s o ) w a s t h e m o s t f r e q u e n t a p o i n t o f i m p a c t . T h e r e w e r e v e r y f e

w

t h a t m a d e c o n t a c t w i t h m o r e s e n s i t i v e a r e a s o f t h e b o d y ( i . e . , h e a d , n e c k , a n d g r o i n ) .

O n a v e r a g e , a n E C D

d i s c h a r g e i n c i d e n t o n l y i n v o l v e d o n e f i v e s e c o n d c y c l e ; h o w

e

o n e c y c l e d i d o c c u r ,

t h e p e r s o n w a s g i v e n a p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 - 7

s e c o n d s ( o n a v e r a g e )

a n o t h e r e l e c t r i c a l c u r

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A g e , g e n d e r , e t h n

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n o n t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s s u r r o u n d i n g

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g d a t a o n 7 / 1 / 1 5 .



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1 6

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o u r c e :

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A n n u a l L e g i s l a t i v e R e p o r t s

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e r i o d c o v e r e d :

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u b m i s s i o n d u e t o M S A

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e n t s u b m i s s i o n r e q u i r e d b y M a r c h 1

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A C

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N o n e

N o t e s :

F i r s t r e p o r t d u e 6 / 3 0 / 1 6 . L a w E n f o r c e m e n t s t a r t e d c o l l e c t i n

162



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163




















































































Q u e s t i o n s ?

164

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E n d i n g D i s c r i m

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P r o

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P r e s e n t e d b y :

Z e n i t a W i c k h a m H u r l e y ,

C o u n s e l f o r C i v i l R i g h t a

L e g i s l a t i v e A f f a i r s

T i f f a n y H a r

v e y , D e p u t y C o u n s e l f o r C

i v i l R i g h t s a

L e g i s l a t i v e A f f a i r s

168

h e n

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s t o



P u r p o s e o f t h e G u

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c o n s i d e r r a c e , e

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e q u a l i t y u n d e r t h e l a w

169

t i c s a r e

e . i n g :



W h a t d o e s i t d o ?

•

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r c e m e n t

a c t i v i t i e s U N L E S S

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–

I n v e s t i g a t i v e l a w e n

f o r c e m e n t

a c t i v i t y

170

t i v i t y

a f f i c h a

t l i k e l y t o

e g a l

h e d w h e n

h e



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o u t i n e


e n t A c

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E x a m p l e 1 : A n o f f i c e r c o n d u c t i n g a t r

s t o p s a l o n

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b e i n v o l v e

d i n t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f i l l

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f o c u s e s o n

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v e h i c l e .

•

I m p r o p e r .

171

t i v i t y

o u r i e r

t y p e

t h e h e

n

i r p o r t



R

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e n t A c

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E x a m p l e 2 : O

f f i c e r s d e v e l o p a “ d r u g c

p r o f i l e ” t h

a t f o c u s e s

o n t h e a m

o u n t a n d

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t r a v e l e r p a i d f o r h i s

o r h e r t i c

k e t , a n d w

t h e t r a v e l e r a r r i v e s

a t t h e a i r p o r t . T h e

o f f i c e r s t h

e n q u e s t i o n p e o p l e a t B W I a

b a s e d u p o

n t h i s p r o

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l e .

172

v i t y

c e r s

e r v i e w s

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R o u t i n e

L a w E n f o r c e m e n t A c t i

•

E x a m p l e 3 - L o c a l l a w e n f o r c e m e n t o f f i

s e l e c t i v e l y a p p r o a c h

i n d i v i d u a l s f o r i n t

a n d i n v e s t i g a t e t h e i r i m m i g r a t i o n s t a t u

b a s e d u p o

n h o w w e l l t h e y a p p e a r t o s p

E n g l i s h .

•

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173

n t

i t h a

i o n t e l l s

t o a



I n v e s t i g a t i v e

L a w E n

f o r c e m e

A

c t i v i t y

S p e c i f i c O f f e n s e

•

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h i s t o r y o f

p r o v i d i n g t r u t h f u l

i n f o r m a t

p o l i c e t h a t a n i n d i v i d u a l o f a

c e r t a i n

n a t i o n a l i t y w i l l b e d

e l i v e r i n g

n a r c o t i c s

p a r t i c u l a r

p l a c e a t a

p a r t i c u l a r t i m e .

•

P e r m i s s i b

l e .

174

n t

i c e b y

a

. B a s e d

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i u s .




L a w E n

f o r c e m e

A

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•

E x a m p l e 2 - A w o m a n f l a g s d o w n a p o l

o f f i c e r a n d r e p o r t s t h a t s h e w

a s r o b b e d

t a l l m a n i n h i s 2 0 ’ s o f a p a r t i c u l a r r a c e

o n t h i s r e p o r t , f o r t h e n e x t 2 4 h o u r s , l a

e n f o r c e m e n t o f f i c e r s d e t a i n a n d q u e s t i o

m a n o f t h

a t r a c e w i t h i n a t w o - m i l e r a d

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175

m

n t

o r n i n g

e d t h e

W h i l e a

v e h i c l e

t h e n

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v e h i c l e




L a w E n

f o r c e m e

A

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E x a m p l e 3 - P o l i c e r e c e i v e c a l l s i n t h e e a r l y m

h o u r s f o r t w

o r o b b e r i e s n e a r o n e a

n o t h e r i n a

r e s i d e n t i a l n e i g h b o r h o o d . O n e v i c

t i m d e s c r i b

p e r p e t r a t o r

s a s b e i n g o

f a p a r t i c u l a r r a c e . W

i n v e s t i g a t i n

g t h e o t h e r

c a l l , t h e p o l i c e o b s e r v e

d r i v e v e r y s l o w l y d o w n

t h e r e s i d e n

t i a l s t r e e t ,

s p e e d a w a y . T h e v e h i c l e o c c u p a n t s w e r e o f t h

i d e n t i f i e d b y t h e v i c t i m

. T h e o f f i c

e r s s t o p t h e

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176

m

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S p e c i f i c C r i m

i n a l O r g a n i z a t i

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E x a m p l e 1 - A w o m a n f l a g s d o w n a p o l

o f f i c e r a n d t e l l s h i m

t h a t a g r o u p o f m

p a r t i c u l a r

r a c e a r e m e m b e r s o f a

n e i g h b o r h

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q u e s t i o n s

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177

m

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f o r c e m e

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c t i v i t y

S p e c i f i c C r i m i n a l S c h e m e

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a u t o t h e f t

r i n g i s b e

i n g r u n i n

o n e u r b a

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2016 PSP Workgroup Report