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2015 WORLD BANK CONFERENCE ON LAND AND POVERTY
«THE INTEGRATION OF LAND TENURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSPATIAL DATA IN SUPPORT OF LAND
ADMINISTRATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT»
Moschos VogiatzisDirector of Forest Mapping & Natural Environment
e-mail: [email protected]
National Cadastre & Mapping Agency of Greece
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
Introduction
Reducing the administrative burden to business
“Licensing procedures, including land-zoning, are complex.
Simplifying procedures through, for instance, greater use of e-
government needs to be encouraged”
(Joint Document of Co-operation between OECD and Greece,
March 2015)
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
The problem
Multiple public agencies and departments are mutually involved in
land transactions with crossed responsibilities and jurisdictions
over land:
Parcel-based
Information
Deed Registration
Land Title
Forest/
non Forest
Natura2000
site/non
Ministry of
Justice
Ministry of Justice
Local
Government
Ministry of
Internal Affairs
Ministry of
Internal Affairs
or Ministry of
Environment
Cadastre
Office
(established &
supported by
NCMA)
RegisterOffice
Directorate of
Land Policy
(for distributed
lands)
General
Secretariat of
Regional
Administration/
Forest Service
General
Secretariat of
Regional
Administration
or
Management
Body of
Natura2000 site
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
The problem
23-25/03/2015N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
• Institutional land inventory and assessment are still pending,
such as the definite and systematic delineation of forestlands,
the update and monitoring of protected areas (Natura2000 sites)
• The administration favors the circumstantial confirmation whether
a land parcel or area is forest/non forest or part of a protected
area, a practice that deprives environmental protection.
Thus:
a. The State has forestlands but not titles,
b. Citizens have lands but not titles or
c. Citizens might have both the land and title but under restricted
use.
This situation does not promote transparency in land
administration and definitely does not generate the
circumstances for building a land market.
Land Information and Development
• Land development and investments is crucial for Greece.
• Citizens, professionals, investors require secure and
authorized integrated land information about their own lands
or lands on which may invest.
• Public administration needs authorized spatial information to
improve land administration, land policy and decision-making.
• Cadastre real property information on its own is not sufficient
to respond to land market demands.
Detailed assessment and update of forestlands and Natura 2000
sites,
provide critical information over lands and facilitate licensing
procedures.
Both are ruled by special law provisions which bound land development.
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
The National Cadastre of Greece
N.C.M.A. the leading Greek government company for the
development and operation of the National Cadastre at national
scale, aims to a modern, spatially enabled, uniform, digital Cadastre
System regarding the ownership status of all the real properties of
the country, overseen and guaranteed by the State.
The Cadastre System of Greece combines Cadastre and Land Register. Under development - Expected to be completed till 2020.
104 Cadastral Offices in operation.
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
Extract of Cadastral Diagram
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
Major Initiatives (Forest Maps)
At the development stage of National Cadastre, N.C.M.A. is
responsible for the development of Forest Maps at the national
level. The Forest Map aims to:
1. Assessment and environmental protection of forestlands and
2. Identify and promote state property rights on forestlands
through cadastral process.
Rationale:
• 60% of Greece is forestlands.
• Most of forestlands owned by the State.
• Greece lacks a Forest Registry.
• Land development within forestlands is restricted.
• Land use change is prohibited by a series of law.
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
Major Initiatives (Forest Maps)
• Forestlands have not been yet delineated in a systematic and
scientific way and overall, in a definite way.
• The Forest Service has declared inability to develop Forest
Maps on its own.
• Absence of authorized Forest Maps in Greece over the years
has raised many issues regarding land administration, state-
private property rights and eventually sustainable
management of forestlands.
• Cadastre comprises of all land properties.
• Cadastre successful development requires accurate and
documented information on forest lands.
• Authorized Forest Maps is the ultimate goal.N.C.M.A.
The World Bank - Washington DC March 23-27, 2015
The Forest Map
Δ: Forestlands, A: Other Lands
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
Cadastral Forest Mapping Progress in Greece (2015)
LEGEND
Areas with completed Forest Maps (22.5%)Areas under implementation (32,5%)
Areas with no Forest Maps (45,2%)
Authorized Forest Maps (0,5%)
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
Major Initiatives (Natura2000)
Goal: Update and monitoring of terrestrial Natura2000 protected
sites and habitats at the national level.
Zoning and Licensing issues:
• 16,2% of Greece has been designated as Natura2000 terrestrial
site.
• Land fragmentation is limited,
• Dangerous industrial installations or installations which produce
noise pollution as defined according to the law are prohibited,
• Agricultural and livestock activities are restricted,
• Development and allocation of new construction projects is
permitted in the absence of other alternative and for reasons
pertaining to urgent public and social interest.
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
The Vision for an Integrated Environmental Cadastre
The Greek Cadastre System based on fixed boundary system and a
common reference system, provides currently information
exclusively on real property (parcels, owners, rights and
titles/deeds).
The Greek Cadastre System has the potential to integrate other
types of land data and provide all facts about land (Statement 1 of
Cadastre 2014)
The Greek Cadastre System can and should evolve to a
multipurpose cadastre to face effectively the existing
deficit in
land administration, and support sustainable
development.
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
The Multipurpose Cadastre Approach
* Based on work of Williamson I.P., Enemark S., Wallace J. and Rajabifard A., 2010. Land Administration for Sustainable Development, ESRI Press Academic, Redlands, California, 497 pp.
CADASTRE DATABASE
CONSISTENT NATIONWIDE LARGE SCALE ORTHOIMAGERY
MULTIPURPOSE CADASTRE
Tenure
Land Character (Forest/
Non Forest)
Natura2000 Site/Non Natura2000
Site
Services to public & private sector
(Authorized Data & Information)
Transparent Governance
e-Governance
Natura2000 Sites
ForestLands
Titles/Deeds
NCMA
NCMA
Parcels
Owners & Rights
INTEGRATED LAND INFORMATION
SPATIALLY ENABLED LAND ADMINISTRATION
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
Architecture of Integrated Environmental Cadastre
Cadastral Office
Citizens
Internal Network IP
Professionals
INTERNET
Deed/Act
Certificate (tenure,
forested, within
Natura2000 site)
NCMA
Cadastre
Government
Forest Service
Management Bodies of protected
areas
Public Administration
General Secretariat of
Regional Administration
Municipalities
Local Government
Private Sector
Industry
Professionals
Authorized Data &
Information
Request for Certificate/Data
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
Geospatial Interface of Operative Cadastre System
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
Extract of Cadastral Diagram for Natura2000
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
Benefits of Integrated Environmental Cadastre
Main benefits are:
• Improved administration of State lands,
• Improved quality of land information and service,
• Provide secure and update land information,
• Provide legal security, and
• Provide spatial data and information access and dissemination.
and thus:
• Support environmental protection and monitoring,
• Promote sustainable development of land, and
• Secure and increase investments in land.
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
Issues and Discussion• The Greek Land Administration needs a radical reform.
• Cadastre should be the core of a land administration system.
• Authorized land spatial information is the key element for
spatial planning, transparent land administration, and
sustainable development.
• The current operative cadastre should be expanded and
provide integrated land information.
• The proposed approach based on cadastral data along with
environmental information will be the pioneer initiative for a
real structural reform.
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015
Issues and Discussion
• NCMA has the potential (infrastructure, experience, data, etc.)
to support the proposed land administration reform but needs
• Legislature amendments have already been passed to set up
the institutional framework and accelerate implementation:
1. Authorization of Forest Maps (Law No. 4164/2013).
2. Habitats (Law No. 3937/2011).
3. Additional services through cadastral offices (Law No.
2664/1998).
• Application of the proposed approach will result in additional
revenues to support maintenance and operations.
It is the Government responsibility to enforce this process for “public good”.
N.C.M.A.The World Bank - Washington DC
March 23-27, 2015