2015-Ontario Building Code &Concepts and Code … OBC Concepts and Code... · 4/24/2015 3 Course Objective To describe the Structure of the Ontario Building Code; Understand how to

4/24/2015

1

ONTARIO BUILDING CODE CONCEPTS AND CODE ANALYSIS

© Farrow Dreessen Architects Inc.

Deborah Levine Farrow, Architect, OAA, FRAICJames Farrow, Architect, OAA, OAQ, FRAIC

Get the habit of analysis – analysis will in time enable synthesis tobecome your habit of mind.

– Frank Lloyd Wright


Context: Codes


• Ontario Building Code 2012 • National Building Code 2010

4/24/2015

2

Context: Facts1. OBC 2012 = Ontario Regulation 332/12 (January 1 2014.)

2. OBC 2012 = a Regulation part of the Building Code Act 1992.

3. OBC 2012 = Two (2) Volumes

4. OBC 2012 = OBC Volume 1 + 2 + Amendments + ErrataAmendment 1: O. Reg. 151/13

Amendment 2: O. Reg. 360/13, O. Reg. 361/13, and O. Reg. 368/13

Amendment 3: O. Reg. 191/14 – January 2015

Erratum issued January 2015

• www.serviceontario.ca/publications = Compendium Edition OBC 2012

• www.e-laws.gov.on.ca = Official copies of the legislation


Context: What Is The Code ?The Building Code:

Technical requirements for construction (including renovation)and demolition of buildings, change of use of existing buildingswhere the change would result in an increase in hazard and themaintenance and operation of on-site sewage systems.

The Code : a set of minimum provisions with respect to the safety of buildings

• public health, • fire protection, • accessibility and

It is a building owner’s responsibility for life safety of theoccupants of a building.

Architects advise building owner’s of the Building CodeRequirements which are the : “minimum requirements of theapplicable codes and standards”.



4/24/2015

3

Course Objective

●To describe the Structure of the Ontario Building Code;

●Understand how to navigate through the Code;

●Code Matrix –” building code compliance data.”

● Sample Code Matrix - new building, using Part 3 of theBuilding Code;

●Review key components of the Building Code.


The OBC 2012 is divided into Three Divisions, and subdivided into Parts:

• Division A: Compliance, Objectives and Functional Statements

• Division B: Acceptable Solutions

• Division C: Administrative Provisions


Ontario Building Code 2012 – Structure

Division A: Part 1: Compliance and General●1.1 Organization and application

●1.2 Compliance

●1.3 Interpretation

●1.4 Defined Terms, symbols and abbreviations

●1.5 Referenced Documents and Organizations


Ontario Building Code 2012 – Structure

4/24/2015

4

1.4 Defined Terms, symbols and abbreviations


ONTARIO BUILDING CODE 2012 – STRUCTURE

Division A: Part 1 Compliance and General

1.4 Defined Terms Symbols and Abbreviations

1.4 Definition: Building

Italics throughout the OBC 2012- but missing from the 1.4.1.2 (1) (c)

1.4.1.2 (1) (a) advises to reference the Building Code Act 1992 (as amended 2014)

Building Code Act

1.3.1.1 (1) (a) lists “structures designated in the building code” as listed above in (d)”



Section 1.2 Compliance

1.2.1.1 Compliance with Division B

1. Compliance with Division B shall be achieved,

(a) By complying with the applicable acceptable solutions in Division B, or

(b) By using alternative solutions that will achieve the level of performance required by the applicable acceptable solutions in respect of the objectives and functional statements attributed to the applicable acceptable solutions in MMAH Supplementary Standard SA-1, Objectives and Functional Statements Attributed to the acceptable solutions.


Division A: Part 1 Compliance and General

4/24/2015

5


Division A: Part 2 : Objectives

Division A: Part 3 : Functional Statements


The 2012 Building Code is Ontario’s second edition of the building code published in an objective-based format.

Some of the objectives were developed jointly between the National Research Council (NRC) and the provinces.

The objective-based format is intended to assist users of the code in the “WHY” behind code requirements.

Intent statements although not available in a “published” format are intended to be available electronically (similar to Appendix A) - explaining the intent of the code item.

Objective Based Format: WHY?The objective-based format : Intended to Answer “WHY” ????.I. Specific technical requirements identifies objectives and sub-objectives

II. Each technical requirement has an acceptable solution in Division B and is linked toone or more of the objectives as well as functional statements

III. OBC 2012-VOLUME 2 : Attribution tables : SA-1 (Supplementary Standard).

IV. The objective based framework: a framework for evaluating “alternativesolutions” against the performance achieved by the “acceptable solutions” set outin the Code.

V. At least one functional statement is linked to each technical requirement that is anacceptable solution in Division B.



Division A: Part 2 : Objectives

4/24/2015

6


Division A: Part 3 : Functions

EXAMPLE: FUNCTIONAL AND OBJECTIVE STATEMENT


3.1.3. Multiple Occupancy Requirements3.1.3.1. Separation of Major OccupanciesAcceptable Solution: Division B(1) Except as provided by Sentences (2) and (5), major occupancies shall be separated from adjoining major occupancies by fire separations having fire-resistance ratings conforming to Table 3.1.3.1.

Division A - Part 3Functional Statement: F - 03To retard the effects of fire on areas beyond its point of origin

Division A-Part 2 Objective Statement: OP - 1.2 - Category: Fire, Structural, Water and Sewage Protection of Buildings Fire Protection of the Building:An objective of this code is to limit the probability that, as a result of its design or construction, a building will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of damage due to fire caused by fire or explosion impacting areas beyond its point of origin


DIVISION B: ACCEPTABLE SOLUTIONS (PRESCRIPTIVE)

Division B: Part 1: GeneralContains general requirements including reference to climatic data, and seismic design data (contained in MMAH-SB-1), depth of frost and referenced documents.

Division B: Part 2Reserved

Division B: Part 3 : Fire Protection, Occupant Safety and Accessibility. Part 3 contains the requirements with respect to health and fire safety, which depend upon the use of a building and type of occupancy.

4/24/2015

7

DIVISION B: ACCEPTABLE SOLUTIONS


Division B: Part 4 : Structural Design

●4.1 Structural Loads and Procedures

●4.2 Foundations

●4.3 Design Requirements for Structural Materials

●4.4 Design Requirements for Special Structures



Division B: Part 5 : Environmental Separation

●5.1 General

●5.2 Loads and Procedures

●5.3 Heat Transfer

●5.4 Air Leakage

●5.6 Vapour Diffusion

●5.7 Surface Water

●5.8 Moisture in the Ground

●5.9 Sound Transmission

●5.10 Standards



Division B: Part 6 : Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning

●6.1 General

●6.2 Design and Installation

●6.3 Chimneys and Venting Equipment

4/24/2015

8



Division B: Part 7 : Plumbing

●7.1 General

●7.2 Materials and Equipment

●7.3 Piping

●7.4 Drainage Systems

●7.5 Venting Systems

●7.6 Potable Water Systems

●7.7 Non-Potable Water Systems

Division B: Part 8 : Sewage SystemsPart 8 : Design, construction, operation and maintenance of various class of sewage systems located within properties.



Division B: Part 9 : Housing and Small Buildings

Requirements for the construction ofhouses and small buildings up to 600m2 per floor and 3 storeysin height, and applies to occupancies other than assembly,care, or detention and industrial-high hazard.

• DIVISION B: ACCEPTABLE SOLUTIONS


Division B: Part 10 : Change of Use

●governs the requirements with respect to a change in majoroccupancy without any proposed construction to the building.

Shopping Plaza A

Ten

an

t A

Ten

an

t B

Ten

an

t C

Shopping Plaza A

Ten

an

t A

Ten

an

t D

Ten

an

t C

Restaurant

Clothing Store

Party Supply Store

Food StoreClothing StoreFood Store

4/24/2015

9



Division B: Part 11 : Renovation

• Flexibility to meet life safety requirementswhen renovating existing buildings, with orwithout changes in major occupancies of thebuildings or parts of the buildings.Alternative methods of compliance areprescribed.

Division B: Part 12 : Resource Conservation

• Part 12 regulates the mandatory and enablingenergy efficiency requirements and insulation inresidential and non-residentialbuildings.

DIVISION C: Administrative Provisions


Division C: Part 1 : General

Administrative provisions

●1.1 Administration

●1.2 Design and General Review

●1.3 Permits and Inspections

●1.4 Search Warrant

●1.5 Designated Persons and Power

●1.6 Prescribed Person

●1.7 Enforcement-Act and Building Code Related to Sewage

●1.8 Language

●1.9 Fees

●1.10 Sewage System Maintenance Inspection Programs

.



Division C: Part 2 : Alternative Solutions, Disputes, Rulings and Interpretations

●2.1 Alternative Solutions

●2.2 Building Code Commission

●2.3 Building Material Evaluation

●2.4 Rulings and Interpretations

Website of Rulings of Building Code Commission● http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/Page9815.aspx

Website of Rulings of Building Evaluation Commission● http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/Page8295.aspx

4/24/2015

10



Division C: Part 3 : Qualifications

●3.1 Qualifications for Chief Building Officials and Inspectors

●3.2 Qualifications for Designers

●3.3 Qualifications: Persons Engaged: Sewage Systems

●3.4 Qualifications for Registered Code Agencies

●3.5 Classes of Registration and Categories of Qualifications

●3.6 Insurance

●3.7 Registered Code Agencies



Division C: Part 4 : Transition, Amendments, Revocation and Commencement

●4.1 Transition Rule

●4.2 Amendments

●4.3 Revocation

●4.4 Commencement

Appendices: Administrative Provisions


Appendix A: Explanatory Information

● Non-regulatory explanatory information to assist Code users inunderstanding the intent of the requirements contained inDivision A, B, C

● Example:

Appendix A-Volume 2: A-1.1.3.1 Buildings divided by Firewalls

This concept relates to the provisions directly regulated by this Code anddoes not apply to electrical service entrance and natural gas servicerequirements which are regulated by other documents.

4/24/2015

11

Appendices: Administrative Provisions


Appendix B: Imperial Conversion

● Appendix B contains Imperial conversion factors for metric valuesused in the Code. It is not a regulatory section of the 2012Building Code.

Supplementary Standards : SA-1


SA-1: Objectives and Functional Statements

Attributed to the Acceptable Solutions

• Article 1.2.1.1 Division A of the OBC- the objective and functionalstatements that have been attributed to acceptable solutionsprovided in Division B of the Building Code.

Objectives and Functional Statements

• The objectives listed in SA-1 are those set out in Part 2 of Division A

• The Functional Statements listed in SA-1 are those set out in Part 3 of Division A

From Supplementary Standards SA-1


4/24/2015

12

MMAH Supplementary Standards SB: Referenced in Division B


Supplementary Standards: Division B: SB●SB-1 Climatic and Seismic Data

●SB-2 Fire Performance Ratings

●SB-3 Fire and Sound Resistance of Building Assemblies

●SB-4 Measures for Fire Safety in High Buildings

●SB-5 Approved Sewage Treatment Units

●SB-6 Percolation Time and Soil Description

●SB-7 Guards for Housing and Small Building

●SB-8 Design, Construction and Installation of Anchorage Systems forFixed Access Ladders

●SB-9 Requirements for Soil Gas Control

●SB-10 Energy Efficiency Requirements

●SB-11 Construction of Farm Buildings

●SB-12 Energy Efficiency for Housing

●SB-13 Glass in Guards

Supplementary Standards : SB-1, SB-2

Division B-Part 1:

1.1.1. (1) Application This part applies to all buildings covered in this Code

Table 1.3.1.2

Reference

SB-1, SB-2


SB-1: Climatic and Seismic DataSB-2: Fire Protection Ratings

From Supplementary Standards SB-1


4/24/2015

13

MMAH Supplementary Standards SC: Referenced in Division C


Supplementary Standards: Division C: SC-1 Code of Conduct for Registered Code Agencies1. Standards: A registered code agency shall at all times undertake itsresponsibilities in a professional manner, and in conformance with theprovisions of the Building Code Act, 1992, the building code, and allapplicable legislation.

The Building Code uses a decimal numbering system has been used to identify particular requirements.

Number Description

3 Part

3.6 Section

3.6.2 Subsection

3.6.2.3 Article

3.6.2.3.(1) Sentence

3.6.2.3.(1) (f) Clause

3.6.2.3.(1) (f) (i) Sub-clause

3.6.2.3.(1) (f) (i) (A) Sub-sub-clause


Ontario Building Code 2012 – IdentificationBuilding Code: Numbering System

Metric System = The official units ofmeasurement in the Code.

Sometimes imperial equivalence appears inbrackets for convenience only.Part 9 - Housing and Small Buildings

Part 7-Plumbing:Measurements converted to SI units where it isfeasible, except for pipe sizes which areexpressed in inches.

Pipe Sizes = known in the trade inIMPERIAL


Ontario Building Code 2012 – Measurement

Building Code: Metric Conversions

4/24/2015

14

AND

The word “and” found at the end of a second last clause of a sentence and with multiple clauses means that the requirements of every Clause apply to the sentence:

Example:Article 3.3.1.17 reads:

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (6) and Articles 3.3.28 and 3.3.4.7., a guardnot less than 1 070 mm high shall be provided,

a) Around each roof to which access is provided for other than maintenance,b) At opening into smoke shafts referred to in Subsection 3.2.6 that are less

than 1 070 mm above the floor, andc) At each raised floor, mezzanine, balcony, gallery, interior or exterior

vehicular ramp, and at other locations where the difference in level is morethan 600 mm.


Ontario Building Code 2012 – WordingBuilding Code: Wording: AND

OR

The word “or” found at the end of a second last clause of a sentence and with multiple clauses means requirements of Sentence is satisfiedby any Clause as applied individually :

Example:Article 3.3.1.9 Corridors reads:

(11) A dead end public corridor is permitted in a business and personal servicesoccupancy where,

(a) The dead end corridor,(i) serves an occupant load of not more than 30 persons(ii) is not more than 9m long, and

(iii) is provided with doors having self-closing devices, or

b) There is a second and separate egress doorway from each room or suitenot leading into a dead end corridor.


Ontario Building Code 2012 – WordingBuilding Code: Wording: OR

The Code is structured into a number of Rules that apply withoutexception.

Example:

9.1.1.3 Self Storage Buildings

(1) self-service storage buildings shall

conform to the requirements of Section 3.10 .


Ontario Building Code 2012 – WordingBuilding Code: Wording: Rules

4/24/2015

15

The Code is structured into a number of Rulesthat apply without exception. Other times the Code

considers a general Rule, and then Exceptionsas they apply.

Example:

3.2.5.13 Automatic Sprinkler Systems

(1)Except as permitted in Sentences (2), to (4)

an automatic sprinkler system shall be designed,constructed, installed and tested in conformance

with NFPA 13, “Installation of Sprinkler Systems”. (SeeAppendix A.)

Reading sentences 2, 3, and/or 4 one determines that in particular cases

one can design according to the direction provided in NFPA 13R, NFPA13D or if the design has fewer than 9 sprinklers then sentence 4 provides direction. © Farrow Dreessen Architects Inc.

Ontario Building Code 2012 – WordingBuilding Code: Wording: Rules and Exceptions

Reconstruction RenovationAlteration


Ontario Building Code 2012 – ApplicationNEW BUILDING EXISTING BUILDING

ExtensionAddition

Change of Use

Renovations - can be repartitioning(office accommodation), interior work, orinstalling of new equipment.

The Fire Code - a regulation made underthe Fire Protection and Prevention Act,1997.

It is applicable to operations andmaintenance.

The Fire Code is a set of minimumrequirements respecting fire safetywithin and around existing buildingsand facilities.

The “owner” is responsible for complyingwith the Fire Code, except whereotherwise specified.

The municipal fire department enforcesthe Fire Code.


Ontario Building Code 2012 – Application

4/24/2015

16

Sequential Approach

Building Code Analysis– Building Code Matrix


Code Matrix- A tool used to record Code Compliance Data.


N

↑Site Plan

Level 2

Building Code Analysis– Reference Project

Level 1


Reference Project:

Step 1: Identifying the Scope of the Project

Questions to Ask:


4/24/2015

17

Reference Project : Occupancy Classification:

Table 3.1.2.1Major Occupancy Classification

(forming part of Sentences 3.1.2.1 (1), 3.1.2.2 (1) and 3.11.2.1 (3)

Group Division Description of Major OccupanciesA 1 Assembly occupancies intended for the production and viewing of the performing artsA 2 Assembly occupancies not elsewhere classified in Group AA 3 Assembly occupancies of the arena typeA 4 Assembly occupancies in which occupants are gathered in the open airB 1 Detention occupanciesB 2 Care and treatment occupanciesB 3 Care occupanciesC -- Residential occupanciesD Business and personal services occupanciesE - Mercantile occupanciesF 1 High hazard industrial occupanciesF 2 Medium hazard industrial occupanciesF 3 Low hazard industrial occupancies


Building Code: Occupancy Classification

Sentence 3.1.2.2 (1) Occupancies of the Same ClassificationAny building is deemed to be occupied by a single major occupancy not withstanding its use for more than one major occupancy, provided that all occupancies are classified as belonging to the same Group classification or, where the Group is divided into Divisions, as belonging to the same Division classification described in Table 3.1.2.1.

Definitions:Building: Building Code 2012 – missing from definitions but 2010 NBC Building: Building means any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy.

Major occupancy: means the principal occupancy for which a building or part of a building is used or intended to be used, and is deemed to include the subsidiary occupancies that are an integral part of the principal occupancy.



Definitions:

Assembly Occupancy: (A1, A2, A3 and A4): the occupancy or use of a building or part of a building by a gathering of persons for civic, political, travel, religious, social, education, recreational or similar purposes or for the consumption of food or drink.

© Farrow Dreessen Architects Inc.A- Division 1 Theatre

A- Division 2 Church

4/24/2015

18

Building Code: Occupancy ClassificationDefinitions:Detention Occupancy: Group B, Division 1 (B1): an occupancy in which persons are under restraint or are incapable of self preservation because of security measures not under their control.

Care and Treatment Occupancy: Group B, Division 2 (B2): an occupancy in which persons receive special care and treatment.

Care Occupancy: Group B, Division 3 (B3) : an occupancy in which special care is provided by a facility, directly through its staff or indirectly through another provider, to residents of the facility, (a) who require special care because of cognitive or physical limitations and (b) who as a result of those limitations, would be incapable of evacuating the

occupancy, if necessary, without the assistance of another person.

© Farrow Dreessen Architects Inc.B Division 1 – Prisons

B Division 2 – Home for the Aged

B Division 3– Group Homes -Developmental Disabilities


Definitions:Residential Occupancy: Group C: an occupancy in which sleeping accommodation is provided to residents who are not harboured for the purpose of receiving special care or treatment and are not involuntarily detained.



Definitions:Business and Personal Service Occupancy: Group D: the occupancy or use of a building or part of a building for the transaction of business or the provision of professional or personal services


4/24/2015

19


Definitions:Mercantile Occupancy: Group E: the occupancy or use of a building or part of a building for the display or selling of retail goods, wares or merchandise



Definitions:Industrial Occupancy: Group F: the occupancies or use of a building or part of a building for the assembling, fabricating, manufacturing, processing, repairing or storing of goods and materials Group F Division 1: High Hazard Industrial OccupancyGroup F Division 2: Medium Hazard Industrial OccupancyGroup F Division 3: Low Hazard Industrial Occupancy


Building Code: Major Occupancy

Major Occupancy versus Subsidiary Occupancy: The definition of major occupancies does not prevent subsidiary occupancies in the building. The dividing line between a major occupancy and a subsidiary occupancy is not always black and white.

Article 3.2.2.8: In a building in which the aggregate area of a major occupancies in a particular Group or Division is not more than 10% of the floor area of the storey in which they are located, these major occupancies need not be considered as major occupancies for the purpose of this Subsection, provided they are not classified as Group F, Division 1 or 2 occupancies.


Morris Thuemen Architects Inc.

Major Occupancy: Occupancy A2: - School.

“Subsidiary” Occupancy-an integral part of the principal Occupancy

4/24/2015

20



Building Code: Major Occupancy

Major Occupancy + Major Occupancy +Major Occupancy + = HAZARDS =

risk of exposure to fire. • Certain major occupancies are to be isolated from others by

fire separations, to protect one occupancy from the danger created by the other. (TABLE 3.1.3.1)

• Adjoining means above, beside or below. The plane of fire separation could be vertical or horizontal.

• Fire separations are intended to slow or prevent the spread of fire and smoke from where it begins in the building to another part, by applying principles of compartmentation.

Article 3.1.3.2: certain occupancies do not require separations, butothers in the building code discuss that they can’t be in the samebuilding with other occupancies

Section 3.3: Tenancy, ownership has an influence of fire separations


4/24/2015

21


BUILDING CODE: MAJOR OCCUPANCY


Reference Project:

Step 2: Major Occupancy (s)Questions to Ask:


Offices

StorageLaboratories

Circulation

Circulation

Plan


Reference Project:

Step 3: Building AreaQuestions to Ask:


Offices

StorageLaboratories

Circulation

Circulation

Plan

ITEMONTARIO 2012 BUILDING CODE

DATA MATRIX PARTS 3 OR 9

OBC Reference:

References are to Division B

unless noted [A] for Division A or [C] for Division C

1

Project Description:

New Addition Alteration Change of Use

Part 11 Part 3 Part 9

11.1 TO 11.4 1.1.2.[A] 1.1.2.4[A] &

9.10.1.3

2Major Occupancy(s): F3- INDUSTRIAL LOW HAZARD OCCUPANCY

D – BUSINESS AND PERSONAL SERVICES OCCUPANCY 3.1.2.1.(1) 9.10.2.

3 Building Area (m²): Existing: New: 5022 m² Total: 5022m² 1.4.1.2.[A] 1.4.1.2.[A]

FOOTPRINT

4/24/2015

22


Reference Project:

Step 4: Gross AreaQuestions to Ask:


Plan

Gross Building Area: Sum of 1+2



OBC Reference:References are to Division B unless noted [A] for Division

A or [C] for Division C

1




11.1 TO 11.4 1.1.2.[A] 1.1.2.4[A] & 9.10.1.3



3 Building Area (m²): Existing: New: 5022 m² Total: 5022 m² 1.4.1.2.[A] 1.4.1.2.[A]

4 Gross Area (m²): Existing: New: 9331 m² Total: 9331 m² 1.4.1.2.[A] 1.4.1.2.[A]

Level 2

21

Level 1


Reference Project:

Step 5: Number of StoreysQuestions to Ask:


Section

Number of Storeys above gradeLevel 22

1 Level I





1




11.1 TO 11.4 1.1.2.[A] 1.1.2.4[A] & 9.10.1.3



3 Building Area (m²): Existing: New: 5022 m² Total: 5022 m² 1.4.1.2.[A] 1.4.1.2.[A]4 Gross Area (m²): Existing: New: 9331 m² Total: 9331 m² 1.4.1.2.[A] 1.4.1.2.[A]

5 Number of Storeys: Above Grade: 2 Below Grade: 1 1.4.1.2.[A] & 3.2.1.1.

1.4.1.2.[A] & 9.10.4

Grade Grade


Reference Project:

Step 6: Building HeightQuestions to Ask:


Section

Building HeightLevel 22

1 Level IGrade





1




11.1 TO 11.4 1.1.2.[A] 1.1.2.4[A] & 9.10.1.3




5 Number of Storeys: Above Grade: 2 Below Grade: 11.4.1.2.[A] & 3.2.1.1.

1.4.1.2.[A] & 9.10.4

6 Building Height (m): 10.83 m 1.4.1.2. 1.4.1.2.

Roof

Floor of the first storey

4/24/2015

23

Building Code: Grade

Grade: = the average level of proposed or finishedground adjoining a building at all exterior walls.


NEED TO KNOW: Storey and Building HeightSubsection 3.2.2 - Building Size and Construction Related to OccupancySubsection 3.2.6 - Additional Requirements for High Rise Building


Reference Project:

Step 7: Number of Streets


Street





1




11.1 TO 11.4 1.1.2.[A] 1.1.2.4[A] & 9.10.1.3




5 Number of Storeys: Above Grade: 2 Below Grade: 11.4.1.2.[A] & 3.2.1.1.

1.4.1.2.[A] & 9.10.4

6 Building Height (m): 10.83 m 1.4.1.2. 1.4.1.2.

7 Number of Streets/Access Routes: 1 STREET 3.2.2.10. & 3.2.5.

9.10.20.

Plan

Building Code: Streets

Number of Streets = Provisions for Firefighting

Subsection 3.2.5 - Provisions for Fire Fighting

Article 3.2.5.1, 3.2.5.2, and 3.2.5.3 = access into the building by firefighters

Article 3.2.2.20 to 3.2.2.83 = Construction requirements

Article 3.2.5.4 - Access Routes, requires buildings that exceed three storeys in building height orexceed 600m2 in building area, to be provided with an access route to the building face having aprincipal entrance and to each building face of unsprinklered floor areas that are required to have direct

exterior firefighter access required by Article 3.2.5.1 and 3.2.5.2


4/24/2015

24

Building Code: Number of Streets

Number of Streets = Provisions for Firefighting

An access route as set out in Subsection 3.2.5 = STREET

• 2 Streets + a building = not less than 50% of the building perimeter is located within 15 m of a street or streets

• 3 Streets + a building = not less than 75% of the building perimeter is located within 15m of a street or streets.


The building perimeter that is required to face a street(s) is required by Sentence 3.2.5.5(1) to be located at least 3m but not more than 15m from the street (s).

Building Code: Access Routes

Provisions for Firefighting = Distances

Article 3.2.5.5: distances between a fire route, fire departmentconnections (FDC), building entrances, fire trucks and

hydrants –


3.2.2.5.5 (2)

Building Code: Access Route: Fire Fighting


3.2.2.5.5 (3)

3.2.2.5.5 (4)

4/24/2015

25

Building Code: Access Route: Fire Fighting


3.2.2.5.6


Reference Project:

Step 7: Number of Streets

Street

Plan

7Number of Streets/Access Routes: 1 STREET 3.2.2.10.

& 3.2.5.9.10.20.



Reference Project:

Step 8: Building ClassificationQuestions to Ask:


Offices

StorageLaboratories

Circulation

Circulation

Plan



8Building Classification: GROUP D – UP TO 3 STOREYS SPRINKLERED OR

GROUP F3 – UP TO 4 STOREYS SPRINKLERED (MORE STRINGENT)3.2.2.20-83(3.2.2.54)(3.2.2.77)

9.10.2.

D

F3

F3

4/24/2015

26


Reference Project:





9.10.2.

DMajor Occupancies

Number of facing Streets

Building Height

Building Area

F3

2

1

1 Street

5022m2

2 Storeys

Footprint: 5022m2

Section

PlanD F3

Street


Reference Project:





9.10.2.

2

1

Footprint: 5022m2

Section

PlanD F3

StreetArticle 3.2.2.6 Multiple Major Occupancies –

• evaluate the building as if it is entirely one of theMajor occupancies- determine which Articles3.2.2.20-3.2.2.83 applies-

• then take the other major occupancy- determineArticles 3.2.2.20-3.2.2.83 applies - TAKE THEMOST STRINGENT - construction requirements ofthe entire building.

• Table 3.1.3.1 - Table Major OccupancySeparations = additional requirement.


Reference Project:





9.10.2.

Major Occupancy

Area (m2)

Building Height

Building Classification

ConstructionType

Sprinkler Floor Rating

Mezzanine Rating of supporting members

D 5022 2 3.2.2.54 Combustible/ or non-combustible

Yes Fire Separation:and 45 min-if combustible

45 min- or non-combustible

45 min or non-combustible

F3 5022 2 3.2.2.77 Combustible/ or non-combustible

Yes Fire Separation:and 45 min-if combustiblematerial

45 min- or non-combustible

45 min or non-combustible

D/F3 Major Occupancy Separations: Table 3.1.3.1

No requirements

Building Classified as either D or F3 neither is more stringent- Selected F3.

4/24/2015

27

Building Code– Superimposed Major Occupancies


1

Section

D

2

3

4

D

E

E

=

and

Subsection 3.2.2

FRR- D occupancy 3.2.2

Building Code– Superimposed Major Occupancies


1

Section

E

2

3

4

D

C

D

=

Example: Subsection 3.2.2

The building is sprinklered throughout

50m

50

m

Plan

FIR

EW

ALL

Building Code– Fire Wall


Article 3.1.10.2Fire wall - a type of fire separation of noncombustible construction that subdivides a building orseparates adjoining buildings to resist the spread of fire and that has a fire-resistance rating asprescribed in this Code and the structural stability to remain intact under the fire conditions for therequired fire-rated time.

A firewall is a special type of fire separation, constructed to provide a fire-resistance rating of 2 to 4hours. They are structurally stable for the rated time in a fire.

Building

Building A Building B

Total 2 buildings

4/24/2015

28

Building Code– Fire Wall


Subsection 3.1.10 Firewalls - the Building Code defines materials, fire resistance rating, structural configurations, and requirements to extend above rooflines.


Reference Project:

Step 9: Sprinkler SystemQuestions to Ask:

Subsection 3.2.2 Building Size and Occupancy.

9

Sprinkler System: entire building selected components selected floor areas basement only in lieu of roof rating not required

3.2.2.20.-.83(3.2.2.73)3.2.1.5.3.2.2.17.INDEX

9.10.8.2.

INDEX

Sprinklers provides relief to building code requirements re: compartmentation of basements, or in lieu of roof ratings.

Construction under Subsection 3.2.2 related to rated components and combustible/con-combustible material construction relate to decision to sprinkler or not to sprinkler.

12 Water Service/Supply is Adequate: yes no 3.2.5.7. N/A


Reference Project:

Step 10: Water Supply AdequateQuestions to Ask:Is the water supply adequate?

Article 3.2.5.7 “Water Supply” requires an “adequate water supplyfor firefighting” to be provided for every building. Reference theAppendix – for discussions and calculations of “adequate”

Sentence 3.2.5.7 (2) If the perimeter of the building is considered toface the street (for Subsection 3.2.2) the required perimeter has tobe within 90 m of the hydrant.

4/24/2015

29

Building Code– Water Supply Adequate


Even though within a municipality,

VERIFY the water supply

10 Standpipe Required : yes no 3.2.9 N/A


Reference Project:

Step 11: Standpipe requirementsQuestions to Ask:Is the water supply adequate?

Sentence 3.2.9.1 (1) A standpipe system is required :

If a building:

●is more than three storeys in building height

●More than 14 m high measured between grade and the ceiling ofthe top storey, or

●is more than 14 m high measured between grade and the ceiling ofthe top storey but has a building area exceeding the Area shownin Table 3.2.9.1 for the applicable building height if the building is notsprinklered.

Part 3 Part 9

Building Code– Standpipe


Article 3.2.9.1 has other requirements listed for requirements of standpipes.

NFPA 14 – Installation of Standpipe and Hose System

Definition in NFPA 14 Standpipe : An arrangement ofpiping, valves, hose connections and allied equipmentinstalled in a building or structure, with the hoseconnections located in such a manner that water can bedischarged in streams through attached hose andnozzles, for the purposes of extinguishing a fire, therebyprotecting a building or structure and its contents inaddition to protecting the occupants. This isaccomplished by means of connections to water supplysystems or by means of pump tanks and otherequipment necessary to provide an adequate supply ofwater to the hose connections (NFPA, 2003).”http://www.firefightingincanada.com/structural/dec2012-13831#sthash.Li51vs1O.dpuf

4/24/2015

30

Building Code– Standpipe


Sentence 3.2.9.2 (6) A fire departmentconnection (FDC) is required to beprovided for every standpipe system

11 Fire Alarm Required : yes Client Requirement: Campus Single Stage no 3.2.4 9.10.18


Reference Project:

Step 12: Fire Alarm and Detection SystemQuestions to Ask:

Fire Alarm - YES - could be 2 stage, or 1 stage

Article 3.2.4.1 – Installation of Fire Alarm:a) A contained impeded egress zoneb) More than 3 storeys, including storeys below the first the storeyc) A total occupant contained use aread) load more than 300, other than in open air seating areas,e) An occupant load more than 150 above or below the first storey other than in open air seating areas,f) A school, college, or child care facility with an occupant load more than 40,g) A licensed beverage establishment or a restaurant, with an occupant load more than 150h) A medium hazard industrial occupancy or a low hazard industrial occupancy with an occupant load more than 75

above the first storey,i) A residential occupancy with sleeping accommodation for more than 10 personsj) A high hazard industrial occupancy with an occupant load more than 25,k) An occupant load more than 300 below an open air seating area,l) An interconnected floor space required to conform to Articles 3.2.8.3 to 3.2.8.11m) A care and treatment occupancy for more than 10 persons receiving care or treatment orn) A care occupancy for more than 10 persons receiving care.

Part 3 Part 9

Building Code – Fire Alarm


Sentence 3.2.4.4

Single stage: upon the operation of anymanual pull station or fire detector, causean alarm signal to sound on all audiblesignal devices in the system for evacuationthroughout the building.

Two Stage: Causes an alert signal tosound upon the operation of any manualpull station or fire detector, and has a keyto affect the manual pull stations and otheradditional requirements. When the devicegoes off immediate floor and above andbelow goes into evacuation mode andothers into alert.

4/24/2015

31

13 High Building: yes no 3.2.6 N/A


Reference Project:

Step 13: Additional Requirements for High BuildingsQuestions to Ask:

3.2.6 Verify Criteria

A. Of Group A, D, E or F major occupancy classification that is more than,

i. 36 m high, measured between grade and the floor level of the top storeys, or

ii. 18 m high, measured between grade and the floor level of the top storey, and in whichthe cumulative or total occupant load on or above any storey above grade, other thanthe first storey, divide by 1.8 times the width in metres of all exit stairs at that storeyexceeds 300,

B. Contains a Group B major occupancy in which the floor level of the highest storey of thatmajor occupancy is more than 18 m above grade,

C. Contains a floor area or part of a floor area located above the third storey designed orintended as a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy, and

D. Containing a Group C major occupancy whose floor level is more than 18 m above grade

Part 3 Part 9

Building Code – Additional Requirements for High Building


Subsection 3.2.6

Additional requirements for high rise buildings are describedin Subsection 3.2.6, i.e. limits to smoke development,emergency operation of elevators, firefighting elevators,venting to aid firefighting, central alarm and control facility,voice communication system.

A requirement of a sprinkler building design is to limit smokemovement, and to limit the danger to occupants andfirefighters from exposure to smoke in a building fire. Theseare discussed in MMAH Standard SB-4 - Measures for FireSafety in High Buildings.

Include in the Code Matrix a line item documenting Measurei.e. Measure A - sprinklered building, Measure G -Pressurized building, Measure M balconies etc. the buildingconsidered for the design.


Reference Project:

Step 14: Construction RestrictionsQuestions to Ask:


14

Permitted: Combustible Non-Combustible Both

Actual: Client Input Combustible Non-Combustible Both3.2.2.20.-.83(3.2.2.77)

9.10.6

3.2.2.77 Group F Division 3, up to 4 Storeys, Sprinklered

(2) The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination and…..

4/24/2015

32


Reference Project:

Step 15: Required Fire Resistance RatingsQuestions to Ask:


3.2.2.77 Group F Division 3, up to 4 Storeys, Sprinklered

(2) (a) floor assemblies shall be fire separations and, if of combustible construction

shall have a fire resistance rating of 45 min, and(b) mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45min, and(c ) loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly

(i) required to have a fire-resistance rating, shall have a fire resistance rating not less than

45 min, or(ii) be of non combustible construction

22

Required Fire Resistance Rating (FRR)Compartments and Fire Separations:

Horizontal AssembliesFRR (hrs)

Listed Design No.Or Description (SG-2)

3.2.2.10. –3.2.2.833.2.1.4.

9.10.8.9.10.9.

Floors 0 FIRE SEPARATIONRoof N/AMezzanine N/A

Supporting MembersFRR (hrs)

Listed Design No.Or Description (SG-2)

Floors 0

Roof 0Mezzanine 0


Reference Project:

Step 16: Hazardous SubstancesQuestions to Ask:

Subsection 3.3.1.2 & 3.1.1.19

The handling and storage of hazardous substancesshall be in conformance with:

a) The Fire Code, made under the Fire Protection andPrevention Act, 1997 or

b) The National Fire Code of Canada, in the absenceof regulations referred to in Clause (a).

Typically to be considered in laboratories areflammable liquids, gases, and quantity of gases i.e.oxygen, and hydrogen. In a garage to be consideredare Petroleum, lubricant and oil storage.

21 Hazardous Substances: yes no3.3.1.2. & 3.3.1.19.

9.10.1.3.(4)


Reference Project:

Step 17: Mezzanine(s) Area (m2)Questions to Ask:

Are there mezzanines- how many, and total m2

Mezzanine: means anintermediate floor assemblybetween the floor and ceiling ofany room or storey and includesan interior balcony.

17 Mezzanine(s) Area (m2): N/A3.2.1.1(3)-(8)

9.10.4.1

4/24/2015

33


Reference Project:

Step 18: OccupancyQuestions to Ask:

Subsection 3.1.17 - how many persons

18

Occupant Load Based On: m²/person design of building

3.1.17. 9.9.1.3.

Level Occupancy Type Occupancy Area (m²)

Per Person Area (m²)

Load (Number of Persons)

Level 0Level 1

Level 2

Total Occupant Load _______ persons

Definition: Occupancy: means the use or intended use of a building or part of a building for the shelter or support of persons, animals or property.

Occupant load: means the number of persons for which a building or part of a building is designed.

Building Code – Occupancy


Subsection 3.1.17.1

3.1.17.1 Occupant Load Determination

(1) The occupant load of a floor area or part of a floor area, or a building or part of a building not having a floor area, shall be based on,

(c) The number of persons,

(i) for which the area is designed,

or

(ii) determined from Table 3.1.17.1 for occupancies other than described in Clause a, and b.

(2) If a floor area or part of it has been designed for an occupant load other than that determined from Table 3.1.17.1, a permanent sign indicating that occupant load shall be posted in a conspicuous location.



Occupancy Load:Based on occupancy load a building may:• Require a fire alarm and detection system• Compliance with high building additional requirements

Occupant load is used to determine:• Use of panic/fire exit hardware on doors• Number of egress doorways from a room/suite• Number of exits from a floor area• Width of corridors, various types• Number of plumbing fixtures• Need for emergency lighting• Exit signage• Direction of Door Swing

4/24/2015

34


Reference Project:

Step 18: Occupancy18 Occupant Load Based On: m²/person design of building 3.1.17. 9.9.1.3.

Level 1 Level 2



Level 1 Level 2

Business and Personal Services uses – offices 9.3m2 per person

Industrial uses – manufacturing or process rooms 4.6m2 per person

Industrial uses – storage 28.0 m2 per person

Other uses –Kitchen offices 9.3 m2 per person

Other uses – cleaning 4.6m2 per person

Table 3.1.17.1 Occupant Load


Reference Project:

Step 18: Occupancy (based on m2/person- Option 1)

CALCULATION OF OCCUPANT LOAD:Step 1 - Calculate the floor area, per occupancy:Step 2 - Determine the use - determine the use of all floor areas within the building.

Definition: Floor area means the space on any storey of a building between exterior walls and required firewalls including the space occupied by interior walls and partitions, but not including exits, vertical service spaces and their enclosing assemblies.

Step 3Using Table 3.1.17.1 calculate the persons / m2 per space

If a floor area or part of it has been designed for an occupant load other than that determined from Table 3.1.17.1 a permanent sign indicating that occupant load shall be posted in a conspicuous location.

4/24/2015

35



Level 1 Level 2

Business and Personal Services uses – offices

Industrial uses – manufacturing or process rooms

Industrial uses – storage

Other uses –Kitchen offices

Other uses – cleaning

Table 3.1.17.1 Occupant Load - by design-intended use

Building Code Analysis– Building Code MatrixReference Project:

Step 18: Occupancy (based on design-Option2)

CALCULATION OF OCCUPANT LOAD:

If a floor area or part of it has been designed for an occupant load other than that determined from Table 3.1.17.1 a permanent sign indicating that occupant load shall be posted in a conspicuous location.

Building Code – Exit Capacity


1.4.1.2 Defined Terms:

Exit : that part of a means of egress, including doorways that leads from the floorarea it serves., to a separate building, an open public thoroughfare, or an exterioropen space protected from fire exposure from the building and having access toan open public thoroughfare.

Access to Exit: means part of a means of egress within a floor area thatprovides access to an exit serving the floor area.

Means of Egress: includes exits and access to exits and means a continuouspath of travel provided for the escape of persons from any point in a building orcontained open spaces to a separate building, an open public thoroughfare, or anexterior open space protected from fire exposure from the building and havingaccess to an open public thoroughfare.

ACCESS TO EXIT

Street

Stair

Floor Plan

Pat

h to

pub

lic t

horo

ughf

are

(st

reet

)

Stair

EXIT

EXIT

4/24/2015

36

Building Code – Number and Locations of ExitsSubsection 3.4.2 Number and Location of Exits

Typically a floor area has at least 2 exits. Sentence 3.4.2.1 (2) permits a single exitfrom a floor area under certain conditions:

● The building is not more than 2 storeys in building height● The total occupant load served by the exit does not exceed 60 persons

and● In a floor area that is not sprinklered, the floor area and the travel

distance are not more than the values in Table 3.4.2.1 A or

In a floor area that is sprinklered:

-the travel distance is not more than 25m and the floor area is not more than thevalue in Table 3.4.2.1B


Building Code – Number and Locations of Exits


Subsection 3.4.2 Number and Location of Exits

Article 3.4.2.3 directs a minimum safe separation distance between exits ina floor area. The least distance allowable between the two exits.

Articles 3.4.2.4 and 3.4.2.5 Travel Distance

Travel distance is the distance measured along the path of travel to an exitfrom any point within a floor area. It is measured along the line ofpedestrian movement.

Is it an open floor plate

Is there a public corridor

Is the floor plate divided by a fire separation subdividing the floor area

Building Code – Distance between Exits

Subsection 3.4.3 Distance Between Exits


4/24/2015

37


Use/Occ.

More than One Exit Requiredfrom a Floor Area Max. Travel Distant to at least 1 Exit. [3.4.2.5.] ■

One Exit from a Floor Area Permitted (Two Storeys or Less)(Occupant Load ≤ 60) [3.4.2.1.]

Notsprinklered

Sprinklered Floor Area

Not Sprinklered Sprinklered Floor Area

Maximum travel distance

Maximum Area (m2)

Maximum Area (m2) (travel distance ≤ 25 m)

A-FS 45 m 45 m 15 m 150 m2 200 m2

A-1 30 m 45 m 15 m 150 m2 200 m2

A-2 30 m 45 m 15 m 150 m2 200 m2

A-3 30 m 45 m 15 m 150 m2 200 m2

A-4 30 m 45 m 15 m 150 m2 200 m2

B-1 30 m 45 m ◊ ◊ 100 m2

B-2 30 m 45 m ◊ ◊ 100 m2

B-3 30 m 45 m ◊ ◊ 100 m2

C 30 m 45 m 15 m 100 m2 150 m2

D 40 m 45 m 25 m 200 m2 300 m2

E 30 m 45 m 15 m 150 m2 200 m2

F-1 25 m 25 m ◌ ◌ ◌

F-2 30 m 45 m 10 m 150 m2 200 m2

F-3 30 m* 45 m* 15 m 200 m2 300 m2

9m p-c 30 m 105 m** ◌ ◌ ◌

Legend-Maximum Travel Distance in Metres

• - TD = Travel Distance is 60 m for an open air storage garage

A-FS – assembly occupancy with fixed seats complying reference Sentences 3.3.2.4.(15) and (16)

** - Building is sprinklered

9m p-c – Public Corridor 9m wide

◊ – reference 3.4.2.1.(3)

■ – or provide exits spaced at 60 m along building perimeter except F-1

◌ - Not permitted

Building Code – Travel Distance-Location of Exits

Building Code – Travel Distance


Where a room or suite is served by an exterior passageway or by a corridorseparated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation, the traveldistance can be measured from the egress door of the room or suite to thenearest exit.

Where travel distance is permitted to be measured from the room or suite egressdoor to an exit, additional travel distance within the room or suite is regulated byArticle 3.3.1.5 for rooms or suites with one egress doorway and Article 3.3.1.6 forrooms or suites having more than one egress doorway

At least one door at every principal entrance from ground level should bedesigned as an exit for the purposes of Section 3.4 (Article 3.4.2.6)

ExitExit

Public Corridor or Exterior Passageway

3.3.1.5 for additional distance within the room 3.4.2.4 (2)


SKETCH A

Building Code – Travel Distance

4/24/2015

38

Article 3.4.3 Width and Height of Exits-Article 3.4.3

Exits include corridor, passageway stair ramp or doorway.

Width of exits are determined mainly by Occupant Load of the floor area.The minimum required width of exits:

●minimum prescribed by the building code or

● the width necessary to accommodate the occupant load.

Examples :

Occupant load: 175 persons

What is the width required for : low slope exit stair width (3.4.3.2 (b) )

175 x 8.0mm/persons = 1400mm (reference table)

Or conversely:

915 mm door/ 6.1mm/person = 150 persons (reference table)


Building Code – Exit Width


Minimum widths of exits serving floor areas based on occupant load as described in Sentences 3.4.3.2.(1), (2) and (3)

Exit Component - A,D,E, and F OccupanciesA, C, D, E, F (not including A-4) mm per person x occupant load

Capacity factor (mm/person)

Doorway, passageway, corridor, ramp with slope not more than 1:8 6.1

Stair with steps whose rise is not more than 180 mm and whose run is not less than 280 mm (low slope)

8.0

Ramp with slope exceeding 1:8Stair with steps whose rise exceeds 180 mm or whose run is less than 280 mm

9.2

Exit Components: B1, B2, B3 mm per person x occupancy Capacity factor (mm/person)

Aggregated exits 18.4

Exit Components: A-4 mm per person x occupancy Capacity factor (mm/person)

Aisles, stairs (other than exit stairs) 1.8

Ramps and passageways in dormitories and exits 1.8

Exit stairs 2.4


Type Application Minimum Width (mm)

Doorways

Serving patients’ or residents’ sleeping rooms 1050

Not serving patients’ or residents’ sleeping rooms 790

Corridors &passageways

All circumstances 1100

Stairs & ramps Ramps not serving patients’ or residents’ sleeping rooms 1100

Stairs not serving patients’ or residents’ sleeping rooms that serve more than 2 storeys above the lowest exit level or more than one storey below the lowest exit level.

1100

Serving patients’ or residential sleeping rooms 1650

Stairs Not serving patients’ or residents’ sleeping rooms that serve not more than two storeys above the lowest exit level or not more than one storey below the lowest exit level.

900

Subsection 3.4.3 - Width & Height of Exits Minimum widths of an exits described in Sentence 3.4.3.2.(7)



4/24/2015

39

Article 3.4.3.5 indicates minimum headroom for location of exits:

Minimum Headroom Location in Exit

2030 Doorway

1980 Door closer

2050 Stairways and landings

2100 Other locations


Building Code – Headroom Clearance

Building Code Analysis– Building Code MatrixReference Project:

Step 19: Fire Separations-Compartments

Exits are separated from the adjacent floor areas by a fire separation. The wallsof the exit shaft have a fire-resistance rating not less than required for the floorassemblies through which it passes, but not less than 45 minutes.


Building Code – Fire SeparationsLevel 1

4/24/2015

40


Building Code – Fire Separations

Level 2

Section

Subsection 3.4.5 – Exit Signage

Exit signs: to identify the location of exits

In smaller buildings and single entrance ways - it is assumed thatbuilding occupants know the location of the door that leads out.

New to the OBC is the Green pictogram and white graphic symbol- the running man / or figure.


Building Code – Exit Signage

Subsection 3.4.6 – Types of Exit Facilities

Articles 3.4.6.1 to 3.4.6.19 : requirements for exit stairs, ramps guards handrails doors and hardware

including dimensions of landings, maximum vertical rise of stair flights and required landings, handrails, guards, ramp slope, treads and risers, curved stairs, horizontal exits, doors, direction of door swing, self-closing devices, sliding doors, revolving doors, door release hardware, emergency access to floor areas, and floor numbering.


Building Code – Types of Exit Facilities

Not less than 50 mm

30mm-43mm3.4.6.5 (11)

3.4.6.5 (3.4.6.5 (3) a

4/24/2015

41

Subsection 3.4.6 – Types of Exit Facilities

Articles 3.4.6.11 to 3.4.6.13 : Doors, Direction of Doors, Self-Closing Devices

Article 3.4.6.12- Door swing- a door serving an exit facility is normally required to swing on a vertical axis in the direction of travel to the exit.

Article 3.4.6.12-Generally, where occupancies are of less than 60 persons a door does not need to swing in the direction of travel, or access to exit (this does not apply to high hazard occupancies). Single residential occupancies have to have a door that swings on an access, but not in the direction of travel.

Article 3.1.8.11, 3.1.8.13 – Generally doors acting as closures within a wall with a fire separation has to be self-closing and self-latching.


Building Code – Type of Exit Facilities

http://en.Wikipedia/org


Building Code – Health Requirements

Section 3.7 prescriptive requirements for the height, and area of rooms, window areas, protection of windows in apartment buildings, ventilation, plumbing facilities, health care facility systems and food premises.

Subsection 3.7.4-Plumbing Facilities

Articles 3.7.4.1 to 3.7.4.10 Steps to determine the amount of water closets and lavatories required for a building, tenant or occupancy:

• calculate occupant load in accordance with Subsection3.1.17 – Occupant Load

• use the applicable article in Subsection 3.7.4 –Plumbing Fixtures to determine the required number ofwater closets for each sex

• calculate number of lavatories Sentence 3.7.4.2 (5)• Group D Occupancy - 14m2 per person


Building Code – Health Requirements

4/24/2015

42

Building Code Analysis– Building Code MatrixReference Project:Step 20: Plumbing Fixtures Option 1: Occupancy m2

Option 2: Occupancy by design

Building Code – Spatial Separations and Exposure Protection

Subsection 3.2.3-SPATIAL SEPARATION AND EXPOSURE PROTECTION -• Fires spread = close proximity to one another• Minimum fire-resistance rating and protection = control of fire• Limits on combustibility of construction = control of fire

1.4.1.2 – Defined TermsExposed building face: that part of the exterior wall of a building that faces onedirection and is located between ground level and level and the ceiling of its top storey,or where a building is divided into fire compartments, the exterior wall of a firecompartment that faces one direction (Sentences: 3.2.3.2(1) and (2))

Limiting Distance is the distance from an exposing building face to a property line, thecentre line of a street, lane or public thoroughfare, or to an imaginary line between twobuildings of fire compartments on the same property, measured at right angles to theexposed building face.



4/24/2015

43


Unprotected opening: as applied to an exposed building face is a doorway,window or opening other than one equipped with a closure having the requiredfire-protection rating, or any part of a wall forming part of the exposed buildingface that has a fire-resistance rating less than that required for the exposedbuilding face.

Spatial Separation: Depends on

Two calculations required:

● Depending on the % of unprotectedopenings, the cladding of the buildingmaterial of the exposed buildingface is determined

● Allowable unprotected openings.

● Occupancy Classification

● Limiting Distance

● Sprinkler Protection

● Size of Exposed Building Face




Building Code Analysis– Building Code MatrixReference Project:Step 21: Spatial Separation

Site Plan© Farrow Dreessen Architects Inc.

4/24/2015

44

Building Code – Exposed Building Face


Building Code Analysis– Building Code MatrixReference Project:Step 22: Energy Efficient Design


Sample of Energy ModelSoftware which can be used:

Subsection 3.2.7-LIGHTING AND EMERGENCY POWER

Article 3.2.7.1 Minimum Lighting Requirements: require adequate illumination levels under normal power conditions to occupied areas to ensure safety of operation and for egress.

Article 3.2.7.2 Recessed Lighting Fixtures: Insulated ceilings requirespecific recessed lighting fixtures designed for insulatedceilings.

Article 3.2.7.3 Emergency Lighting: lists areas that are required to beprovided with emergency lighting and the minimum requiredillumination levels.


Building Code – Lighting and Emergency Power

4/24/2015

45

Article 3.2.7.3 Emergency lighting - average illumination level of 10 lx:● Exits,● principal routes providing access to exit in open floor areas and in service rooms,● corridors used by the public,● corridors serving patients’ or residents’ sleeping rooms in a Group B, Division 2 or

Division 3 occupancy,● corridors servicing classrooms,● underground walkways, public corridors,● floor areas or parts where in public may congregate in: Group A, Division 1 occupancies

or Group A, Division 2 or 3 occupancies having an occupant load of 60 persons ormore,

● floor areas or parts in daycare centres where persons are cared for, food preparationareas in commercial kitchens,

● aisles internal corridors and principal routes providing access to exit in a floor area thatis not subdivided into rooms, or that is subdivided into rooms in Group D, E, and Foccupancies (i.e. main passageways that lead to exits),

● service spaces that are located within floor level that is not considered a storey indetermining building height and within a means of egress from a shelf or rack storagesystem.



3.4.6.16 (4) (k): Emergency lighting required at doorways that are equipped withelectromagnetic locking devices

Article 3.2.7.4: Emergency Power for lighting, requires the following minimumduration of emergency power for the emergency lighting listedArticle 3.2.7.3 (listed above) :

o 2 hr. for high buildings (Subsection part of 3.2.6 – AdditionalRequirements for High Buildings)

o 1 hr. for Group B major occupancies that are not within thescope of Subsection 3.2.6 – Additional Requirements for HighBuildings and 30 min for other buildings.



Building Code Analysis– Building Code MatrixReference Project:Step 23: Barrier Free Design


Section 3.8: Barrier Free Design INTENT: Facilities can be approached,

entered and used by persons withphysical or sensory disabilities.

3.8.1.2 - one of the Barrier freeentrance shall be the principalentrance

Barrier-free path of travel from theentrances is required to be providedthroughout the entrance storey andwithin all normally occupied floor areasserved by a passenger elevator,escalator, inclined moving walk orother platform equipped passengerelevating device.

3.8.1.1 (b) Appendix

4/24/2015

46

Sentence 3.8.1.3 (2) - Interior and exterior walking surfaces within a barrier-freepath of travel:

Have no openings that will permit the passage of a sphere more than 13 mmin diameter,

have any elongated openings oriented approximately perpendicular to thedirection of travel,

be stable, firm and slip-resistant,

be beveled slopes of 1 in 2 for changes in level not more than 13mm.

be provided with sloped floors or ramps at changes in level more than 13mm.


Building Code – Barrier Free Design

Sentence 3.8.1.3 (1) – Except as required in Sentence (4) and except as permittedin Subsection 3.8.3, (section discusses doorways, ramps etc,) every barrier-freepath of travel shall provide an unobstructed width of at least 1100m for thepassage of wheelchairs.

Sentence 3.8.1.3 (4) - Every barrier-free path of travel less than 1600m in widthshall be provided with an unobstructed space not less than 1800mm in width and1800mm in length located not more than 30m apart. (revised Jan 2015)





Doors and Doorways: Sentence 3.8.3.3.(1)

The 2012 Building Code introduces a “clear width” of 860 mm – Barrier FreePath of Travel

Clear width is defined as the width of the doorway measured with the door in theopen position.

Controls: Article 3.8.1.5: Controls intend to be operated by the occupant areto be mounted at a maximum height of 1200mm above the floor. (thermostator a manual pull station.

Appendix A: 3.8.3.3 (1)

Illustrated Code Series-Barrier-Free Requirements

4/24/2015

47


Building Code – Barrier Free DesignSentence 3.8.3.3 (10) In a Barrier Free Path of Travel: Space in a doorway fora wheelchair/scooter to approach the door is considered. 300 mm when thedoor swings away, and 600mm when the door swings towards the vehicle.(unless equipped with a power door operator)

Appendix: A-3.8.3.3 (10)



Sentence 3.8.3.3 (11) Vestibules in barrier free path of travels are so positionedto allow sufficient space for barrier free. The minimum length is 1500mm plus thewidth of the door that swings into the vestibule. (revision to OBC)

Appendix: A-3.8.3.3 (11)

Section 3.8. Barrier Free Design : Includes: entrances, paths of travel; controls;washroom requirements, universal toilet room requirements, showers/bathtubs, shelves,counters for public telephones, and drinking fountains.

Depending on client group they may be additional Client Group Barrier Freerequirements. Various municipalities in Ontario have additional requirements. Thefederal government for example uses NBC 2010, and the technical standard CAN/CSA-B651-2004 (even though 2012 is printed).

In 2005, the Ontario Government took a step towards building a more accessibleprovince when it passed Accessibility for Ontarians With Disability Act (AODA). Itcalls for the development of standards for accessibility in five key areas of daily living:Customer Service, Information and Communications, Employment, Transportation andthe Built Environment.



4/24/2015

48

• As of January 2012 the AODA Act, legally requires all organizationsboth public and private, that provide goods and services eitherdirectly to the public or to other organizations in Ontario (3rd parties)and that have one or more employees to provide accessible customerservice to persons of all levels.

• Ontario Building Code has been amended to include enhancementsto accessibility in buildings. As of January 1, 2015, new constructionand renovations are subject to updated accessibility requirements.


Regulation 27 of the Architects Act requires that architects must when submitting an application of a building permit include, with the information that is submitted, building code compliance data.

In practice: communication of code related data when applying for a building permit is asystematic approach : A Building code Matrix.

Although there is no direction in the Code as to how to do this, the practice tip attempts to provideinformation on a suggested procedure.

1. A code matrix has become the practice.

2. Locate the information in a conspicuous place on the drawings.

3. The OAA provides a sample matrix. Generally this is expanded so that the matrix becomesuseful through out the life of the project. We use it as a record of decisions made with respect tothe Building Code

4. Adjust the code matrix for each project, and Record the Code version being used, i.e. 2006 to2012-including the reference numbers

5. An adaptation of the matrix, can be made for other applicable codes, i.e. the National BuildingCode.


PT. 3 Practice Tip – OAA – Building Code Data Matrix


OAA Website: Practice Tips PT 3

PT. 3 Practice Tip – OAA – Building Code Data Matrix

4/24/2015

49


PT. 4 Practice Tip – OAA –Workbook Framework





PT. 4 provides workbook frameworks in excel format, providing worksheetsassessing key components of a Building Code analysis. Note the worksheetsrelate to the OBC 2006, and require updating to the 2012 building Code.

4/24/2015

50

Practice of Architecture - Design of a building and GeneralReview - Building Code and Architects Act

The Architects Act 11.(1) to (5) defines who may engage in practiceof architecture

The Ontario Building Code 2012 does not contain such a definition.The Building Code Act does define the requirements of “the Role of theDesigner”.

The Ontario Building Code 2012 does in Division C Part 1General discuss requirements for General Review


Practice of Architecture – Building Code and the Architects Act

Who may engage in practice of architecture11. (1) No person shall engage in the practice of architecture or hold himself, herself oritself out as engaging in the practice of architecture unless,

(a) the person is licensed under this Act;(b) the person is the holder of a certificate of practice or the person is doing soas a member of a partnership that holds a certificate of practice; or(c) the person is the holder of a temporary licence under this Act. R.S .O. 1990,c. A.26, s. 11 (1); 2010, c. 16, Sched. 2, s. 1 (4).

Who may provide service to public(2) No person shall provide to a member of the public a service that is part of the practice ofarchitecture except under and in accordance with a certificate of practice or a temporary licence.R.S.O. 1990, c. A.26, s. 11 (2).

Exception(3) Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to,

(a) the preparation or provision of a design for the construction, enlargement or alterationof a building,

(i) that is not more than three storeys and not more than 600 square metres ingross area as constructed, enlarged or altered, and(ii) that is used or intended for one or more of residential occupancy, businessoccupancy, personal services occupancy, mercantile occupancy or industrialoccupancy;

(b) the preparation or provision of a design for the construction, enlargement or alterationof a building that is not more than three storeys and that is used or intended for residentialoccupancy and,

(i) that contains one dwelling unit or two attached dwelling units each of which isconstructed directly on grade, or(ii) that is not more than 600 square metres in building area as constructed,enlarged or altered and contains three or more attached dwelling units, each ofwhich is constructed directly on grade, with no dwelling unit constructed aboveanother dwelling unit;

(c) the preparation or provision of a design for the construction, enlargement or alterationof a building used directly in the extraction, processing or storage of ore from a mine;(d) the preparation or provision, under the personal supervision and direction of amember of the Association or the holder of a temporary licence, of a design forthe construction, enlargement or alteration of a building;


Exerpt from The Architects Act - elaw

(e) the preparation or provision of a design for interior space for a building, includingfinishes, fixed or loose furnishings, equipment, fixtures and partitioning of space, andrelated exterior elements such as signs, finishes and glazed openings used for displaypurposes, that does not affect or is not likely to affect,

(i) the structural integrity,(ii) a fire safety system or fire separation,(iii) a main entrance or public corridor on a floor,(iv) an exit to a public thoroughfare or to the exterior,(v) the construction or location of an exterior wall, or(vi) the usable floor space through the addition of a mezzanine, infill or othersimilar element,of the building;

(f) the preparation or provision of a design for alterations within a dwelling unitthat will not affect or are not likely to affect fire separations, firewalls, thestrength or safety of the building or the safety of persons in the building;(g) the doing of an act that is within the practice of architecture but that is exemptfrom the application of this Act when performed or provided by a member of aclass of persons prescribed by the regulations for the purpose of theexemption, if the act is done by a person who is a member of the class. R.S.O.1990, c. A.26, s. 11 (3).

Idem(4) The following rules govern the relationship between architects and professional engineers, andsubsections (1) and (2) do not apply to prevent a professional engineer from preparing or providinga design for and carrying out the general review of the construction, enlargement or alteration of abuilding in accordance with these rules:1. Only an architect may prepare or provide a design for the construction, enlargement oralteration of a building,

i. used or intended for residential occupancy,ii. that exceeds 600 square metres in gross area, andiii. that does not exceed three storeys,and carry out the general review of the construction, enlargement or alteration of thebuilding but an architect who prepares or provides such a design may engage aprofessional engineer to provide services within the practice of professional engineering inconnection with the design and the professional engineer may provide the services.


4/24/2015

51

2. An architect or a professional engineer may prepare or provide a design for the construction,enlargement or alteration of a building,

i. that exceeds 600 square metres in gross area or three storeys, andii. that is used or intended for,

A. industrial occupancy, orB. mixed occupancy consisting of industrial occupancy and one or more otheroccupancies, where none of the other occupancies exceeds 600 square metres ofthe gross area,but only a professional engineer may provide services within thepractice of professional engineering in connection with the design.

3. Subject to rules 4 and 5, an architect shall provide services that are within the practice ofarchitecture and a professional engineer shall provide services that are within the practice ofprofessional engineering related to the construction, enlargement or alteration of a building used orintended for,

i. assembly occupancy,ii. institutional occupancy,iii. business occupancy or personal services occupancy that exceeds 600 square metres ingross area or three storeys,iv. mercantile occupancy that exceeds 600 square metres in gross area or three storeys,v. residential occupancy that exceeds three storeys,vi. mixed occupancy consisting of industrial occupancy and one or more otheroccupancies, where one of the other occupancies exceeds 600 square metres in grossarea,vii. mixed occupancy consisting of a combination of,

A. assembly occupancy and any other occupancy, except industrial occupancy,B. institutional occupancy and any other occupancy, except industrial occupancy,C. one or more of,

1. business occupancy,2. personal services occupancy, or3. mercantile occupancy, and any other occupancy, except assembly occupancy, institutional occupancy or industrial occupancy,


where the building as constructed, enlarged or altered exceeds 600 square metres ingross area or three storeys,

D. residential occupancy that exceeds three storeys and any other occupancy,where the building as constructed, enlarged or altered exceeds 600 squaremetres in gross area, or

viii. any other occupancy where the building as constructed, enlarged or altered exceeds600 square metres in gross area or three storeys,

but a professional engineer may provide a design for the industrial occupancy of a mixedoccupancy described in subparagraph vi.

4. An architect may perfom1 or provide services that are within the practice of professionalengineering in preparing or providing a design for and carrying out the general review of theconstruction, enlargement or alteration of a building described in rule 2 or 3 where to do so doesnot constitute a substantial part of the services within the practice of professional engineeringrelated to the construction, enlargement or alteration of the building and is necessary,

i. for the construction, enlargement or alteration of the building and is incidental to otherservices provided as part of the practice of architecture by the architect in respect of theconstruction, enlargement or alteration of the building, orii. for co-ordination purposes.

5. A professional engineer may perform or provide services that are within the practice ofarchitecture in preparing or providing a design for and carrying out the general review of theconstruction, enlargement or alteration of a building described in rule 1 or 3 where to do so doesnot constitute a substantial part of the services within the practice of architecture related to theconstruction, enlargement or alteration of the building and is necessary,

i. for the construction, enlargement or alteration of the building and is incidental to otherservices provided as part of the practice of professional engineering by the professionalengineer in respect of the construction, enlargement or alteration of the building, orii. for co-ordination purposes.

6. Only an architect may carry out or provide the general review of the construction, enlargementor alteration of a building,

i. that is constructed, enlarged or altered in accordance with a designprepared or provided by an architect, or


ii. in relation to services that are provided by an architect in connection with the design inaccordance with which the building is constructed, enlarged or altered.

7. Only a professional engineer may carry out or provide the general review of the construction,enlargement or alteration of a building,

i. that is constructed, enlarged or altered in accordance with a design prepared orprovided by a professional engineer, orii. in relation to services that are provided by a professional engineer in connection withthe design in accordance with which the building is constructed, enlarged or altered.

8. An architect or a professional engineer may act as prime consultant for theconstruction, enlargement or alteration of a building.

9. A reference in these rules to the provision of a design or services by a professional engineerapplies equally to a holder of a certificate of authorization issued under the ProfessionalEngineers Act. R.S.O. 1990, c.A.26,s. 11 (4).Idem(5) Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to prevent a person from,

(a) evaluating, advising on or reporting on the construction, enlargement or alteration of abuilding that does not or is not intended to take the place of evaluating, advising orreporting required to be done by an architect; or(b) carrying out a general review of the construction, enlargement or alteration of abuilding that does not or is not intended to take the place of a general review required tobe done by an architect. R.S.O. 1990, c. A.26, s. 11 (5).


4/24/2015

52

Article 1.2.2.1:

The construction, including forgreater certainty, enlargement oralteration, of every building or part ofit described in Table 1.2.2.1 shall bereviewed by an architect, or aprofessional engineer or both as setout in the table.


Building Code – Division C: Administrative Provisions

Sentence 1.2.2.1 (3) states:

The architect, professional engineer or both who have been retained toundertake the general review of the construction of a building, shall forwardcopies of written reports arising out of the general review to the chief buildingofficial or registered code agency as the case may be.

PT.5-General Review-Building Code (BC) and Non-Code Related MattersVersion 1.0 (2008-10-02) provides further information, and Practice relatedprocedures.

The Practice Tips do require updating to reference the Building Code 2012.



PT-5 Practice Tip - OAA - General Review

4/24/2015

53

Think simple" as my old master used to say – meaning reduce the whole of its parts into the simplest terms, getting back to first principles.

– Frank Lloyd Wright
