2014 LanzaTech. All rights reserved. Dr. Christophe Mihalcea Industrial waste gases and the circular...
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2014 LanzaTech. All rights reserved. Dr. Christophe Mihalcea Industrial waste gases and the circular economy. Advanced Bioeconomy Feedstocks Conference
2014 LanzaTech. All rights reserved. Dr. Christophe Mihalcea
Industrial waste gases and the circular economy. Advanced
Bioeconomy Feedstocks Conference New Orleans June 2015
Slide 2
Use Carbon where Required
Slide 3
Recycle to Reduce Pressure on Reserves Carbon Reduction through
Re-use and Recycling Carbon C SteelAluminumGlassPlastic Ore Alum
MineralsOil Carbon Reduction through Re-use and Recycling 3 A
2-degree carbon budget will require countries to leave 80 % of
coal, 50 % of gas and 33 % of global oil untouched. Organization
for Economic Growth and Development, Nature
Slide 4
The LanzaTech Process is Driving Innovation Gas Feed Stream Gas
Reception CompressionFermentation Recovery Product Tank Process
recycles waste carbon into fuels and chemicals Process brings
underutilized carbon into the fuel pool via industrial symbiosis
Potential to make material impact on the future energy pool
(>100s of billions of gallons per year) Novel gas fermentation
technology captures CO-rich gases and converts the carbon to fuels
and chemicals Proprietary Microbe
Slide 5
Biogas LFG, Methane Biomass Solid Waste Industrial, MSW, DSW
Waste carbon streams as a Resource CO 2 CO CO + H 2 CO + H 2 + CO 2
CO 2 + H 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + e - Gas Fermentation
ReformingGasification Renewable Electricity Renewable H 2
Industrial Waste Gas Steel, PVC, Ferroalloys Available Most Point
Sourced High Volume/Low Intrinsic Value Non-Food *2010 global
production; 2012 proven gas reserves data (IEA, UNEP, IndexMundi,
US DOE Billion Ton Update) ~ 1.4B MTA (Steel only) * ~184.2T M 3 *
>1.3B MTA (US Alone) * >2B MTA *
Slide 6
Steel Gases: 30Bn Gal Ethanol Capacity USA 925 BRAZIL 955 INDIA
1,315 CHINA 10,800 RUSSIA 1,830 W. EUROPE 4,870 JAPAN 3,750 Steel
Mills (>5 MT/year) Country Potential Ethanol Production Capacity
(MMGPY) Brazil Argentina Mexico United States Russia Kazakhistan
Iceland Australia Thailand Indonesia China S. KOREA 1,270 E. EUROPE
1,300 TOTAL 27,015 MMGPY 6
Slide 7
Proprietary Acetogenic Biocatalyst 7 Acetogenic bacterium with
ability to utilize gases as sole energy and carbon source CO CO+H 2
or CO+CO 2 +H 2 CO 2 +H 2 LanzaTech has developed a proprietary
strain of Clostridium autoethanogenum Obtained by extensive natural
selection program, having improved characteristics over parent High
gas uptake and ethanol production rates Fast growth on defined
minimal media Non-sporulating and non-motile Sequencing revealed
several variations to parent Rearrangement
DeletionVariationInsertion 1
Slide 8
Why does it matter? Gas Feed Stream Gas
receptionCompressionFermentationRecovery Product tank The LanzaTech
Process CO CO CO 2 5.2 barrels of gasoline are displaced by every
tonne of ethanol produced 1 tonne ethanol produced as CO averted
from flare Per tonne of LanzaTech Ethanol CO 2 MT kg PM kg NOx
Averted from flare 2.10.64.1 Displaced gasoline +0.5+2.5+7.4 Energy
required for LanzaTech Process -0.8-0.2-0.8 Avoided per tonne of
ethanol 1.82.910.7
Slide 9
9 Recycling Waste Gases Produces Low Carbon Fuels Conventional
Gasoline LanzaTech Ethanol 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 gCO 2 e/MJ Life
Cycle GHG Emission 90 33 Life Cycle Analyses (LCA) performed in
cooperation with, Michigan Tech University,, Roundtable on
Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB), E4Tech, and Tsinghua University
50-70% GHG Reduction over Petroleum Gasoline Reduce Air Pollutants
>85% reduction in NOx and Particulate Matter compared to
combustion at a typical US steel mill Reduce GHG Emissions
Slide 10
Steel Mill Steel production Waste Gases Broader Environmental
Impact LanzaTech Process emits 33% less CO 2 than electricity
generation per MJ energy recovered NO x & Particulates
LanzaTech Process emits ~40% less NO x and ~80% fewer particulates
than electricity generation per MJ energy recovered Grid
Electricity Generation Electricity LanzaTech Process Ethanol
Gasoline Pool Carbon is Only Part of the Story
Slide 11
The LanzaTech Process: Ready for Deployment Today Gas Feed
Stream Gas Reception CompressionFermentation Recovery Product Tank
Gas fermentation technology converts C-rich gases to fuels and
chemicals Proprietary Microbe Multiple plants at various scales
demonstrating different key aspects of process 40,000 combined
hours on stream Multiple runs exceeding 2000 hours
Slide 12
Pre commercial steel mill demonstrations Performance milestones
exceeded First commercial in design; fully financed in China
Shougang Bao Mitigating Scale up Risk through Successful Technology
Demonstration WBT (CSC/LCY) Glenbrook Exceeded design capacity
Local chemicals, water
Slide 13
The LanzaTech Process Gas Feed Stream Gas Reception
CompressionFermentation Recovery Product Tank Gas fermentation
technology converts C- rich gases to fuels and chemicals
Proprietary Microbe Performance milestones achieved and exceeded
for >1000 hours
C 4 Chemicals from Gases: BDO/Butadiene OH H3CH3C CH 3
2,3-Butanediol Reductive Elimination Catalytic Dehydration
1,3-Butadiene Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK/Butanone) Butenes 1-Butylene
(But-1-ene) 2-Butylene (But-2-ene) Isobutylene (2-Methylpropene) H
H H H H H C C C C H H H C C CH 2 CH 3 1 2 3 4 H3CH3C H H C C 2 3 4
1 H C C 1 2 H 3 H 3 C-CH 2 -C CH 3 O New Route to C 4 s Without
Current Supply Challenges 15 CO + H 2 Direct route: Developing a
Butadiene producing organism Two Step Route: 1. Butanediol
production 2. Catalytic conversion
Slide 16
New pathways: CO2 as Carbon Source
Slide 17
Lipid Product Markets 17 Hydrocarbon Transport Fuels >US $ 3
trillion/year Acetate to Lipids Algae/Yeast Biomass Long Chain
Fatty Acids Omega 3 Fatty Acids Animal Feeds US $370 billion/yr
Food, Nutritional Supplements US $25 billion/yr Medium/Long Chain
Fatty Acids Oleochemicals US $15 billion/yr Omega 3 Fatty
Acids
Slide 18
18 Conversion of Acetic Acid to Lipids CO 2 H2H2 Acetate Carbon
Source Energy Source 2 nd fermentation Acetate to Lipid conversion
by yeast or algae Patent filed, optimization underway Direct feed,
no purification Yeastalgae Lipid Profile of Yeast using Acetate
Lipids are predominantly saturated C16 & C18 Work done in a
collaboration with Prof Kent Zhao of the Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics. Strains identified that grow of LanzaTech broth
using acetate as the sole source of carbon and energy. Yeast
accumulate lipids to >70% of their cell mass. Work done in a
collaboration with Advanced Bio- Energy Research Centre at Indian
Oil Corporation - IOC. Strains identified that grow of LanzaTech
broth using acetate as the sole source of carbon and energy. Algae
accumulate lipids to >50% of their cell mass. 25% of lipids
content are Omega-3 fatty acids (Specifically DHA). Lipid Profile
of Algae using Acetate
Slide 19
19 Acetic acid production from H 2 /CO 2 using A. woodii in
LanzaTechs single fermenter system setup Step change in achievable
acetate broth concentration (from 2.5 to 4wt%) Optimized media
recipe Stable high level production Acetic acid production rates at
180g/L/d at a concentration of 30g/L were achieved in single
fermenter system. Selectivity of acetic acid is ~95% as no other
products apart from biomass is produced
Slide 20
20 Acetate consumption rates: ~80g/L/d Lipid Composition:
Constant across dilution rates Consistently ~22% of lipids = DHA
omega-3 fatty acid Lipid composition of acetatefed algae
Slide 21
Electrosynthesis the next step for LanzaTech CO 2 e-e-
electrical energy LanzaTech converts CO 2 and electrons to products
with no run-off, land use change, or environmental uncertainty
issues associated with crops CO 2 Crops convert CO 2 and solar
energy in to Biomass Biomass Wind Solar Sources of electrons:
Bacteria that use gases such as CO 2 as their source of carbon
derive the energy needed from electrons. LanzaTech bacteria can
ferment CO 2 and H 2 LanzaTech have shown enhanced reactor
performance with electron-assisted fermentation (Patent
application: US61/295,145) Prof. Derek Lovley at U Mass (Amherst)
is the leading researcher in this electrofuels field Prof. Lovley
and LanzaTech are establishing a joint research effort (government
funded) in this area This work is a natural extension of the
microbial, synthetic bio, and engineering work being undertaken on
the LanzaTech platform Natural feedstock extension of the LanzaTech
Platform technology