2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy

7/23/2019 2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy

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Dental Anatomy



Dental Anatomy

•Primary (deciduous)•Secondary (permanent)



Primary (deciduous)•Consist of 20 teeth•Begin to form duringthe first trimester ofpregnancy•Typically beginerupting around 6months

•Most children have acomplete primarydentition by 3 yearsof age

DENTITION (TEETH)

1. Oral Health for Children: Patient Education Insert.Compend Cont Educ Dent.



DENTITION (TEETH)

Permanent teeth• Consist of 32 teeth• Begin to erupt around6 years of age

• Most permanent teethhave erupted by age 12

• Third molars (wisdomteeth) are theexception; often do notappear untilearly 20s

Mandible

MaxillaIncisors

Canine (Cuspid)

Premolars

Molars



• Classification of Teeth:

• Incisors (central andlateral)

• Canines (cuspids)

• Premolars (bicuspids)

• Molars

IDENTIFYING TEETH

Incisor Canine Premolar Molar



Function teeth

Incisor Canine Premolar Molar

•Incisors function as cutting or shearinginstruments for food.

•Canines possess the longest roots of allteeth and are located at the corners of

the dental arch.•Premolars act like the canines in thetearing of food and are similar to molarsin the grinding of food.

•Molars are located nearest thetemporomandibular joint (TMJ), which

serves as the fulcrum during function.



IDENTIFICATION TOOTH SURFACES

•Apical•Labial

•Lingual•Distal•Mesial

•Incisal

Labial

Apical

Lingual

Distal

Apical

Mesial

Incisal Incisal



TOOTH SURFACES

•Apical: Pertaining tothe apex or root of thetooth

•Labial: Pertaining tothe lip;

•Lingual: Pertaining tothe tongue;•Distal: The surface ofthe tooth that is awayfrom the median line

•Mesial: The surface ofthe tooth that istoward the median line

Labial

Apical

Lingual

Distal

Apical

Mesial



9



Enamel

Alveolar Bone

Pulp

Chamber

Dental Tissues•The Dental Tissues:

Dentin

Odontoblast Layer Gingiva

Periodontal Ligament

Cementum

Pulp Canals

Apical oramen



•Anatomic Crown•Anatomic Root

•Pulp Chamber

The 3 parts of a tooth:

Anatomic Cro!n

Anatomic "oot

Pulp

Chamber

Dental Tissues



THE !AIN DENTA" TISSUES#

•Enamel•Dentin•Cementum

•Dental Pulp

The 4 main dental tissues:

Enamel

Dentin

Cementum

Dental Pulp



•Structure

•Highly calcified and hardesttissue in the body

•Insensitive—no nerves•Acid-soluble—willdemineralize at a pH of 5.5and lower

•Cannot be renewed

Enamel



•Softer than enamel•Susceptible to tooth wear(physical or chemical)

•Does not have a nerve

supply but can be sensitiv•Will demineralize at a pHof 6.5 and lower

DENTIN



Dentin

Pulp

#ubule

luid $erve ibers

Odontoblast

Cell

•Dentinal tubules connect the dentinand the pulp.

•Tubules contain fluid and nervefibers

•External stimuli cause movement ofthe dentinal fluid, which can resultsensitively

Dentin (Tu$ules)



CE!ENTU!•Thin layer ofmineralized tissuecovering the dentin

•Softer than enamel

and dentin•Anchors the tooth tothe alveolar bonealong with theperiodontal ligament

•Not sensitive



•Innermost part of thetooth

•A soft tissue rich with blood vessels and nerves

•The pulp in the crown ofthe tooth is known as thecoronal pulp

•Typically sensitive toextreme thermal

stimulation (hot or cold)

Dental Pulp



•Gingiva

•Alveolar Bone

•Periodontal Ligament

•Cementum

%ERIODONTA" TISSUES

Gingiva

Alveolar bone

Cementum




Gingiva:

The part of the oral mucosaoverlying the crowns ofunerupted teethand encircling the necks oferupted teeth.

GINGIVA

Gingiva



•Alveolar Bone: Also calledthe “alveolar process”; the

thickened ridge of bonecontaining the tooth socketsin the mandible and maxilla.

A"&EO"AR 'ONE

Alveolar bone



•Periodontal Ligament:Connects the cementum of

the tooth root to the alveolar

bone of the socket.

%ERIODONTA" "IGA!ENT




•Cementum: Bonelike, rigidconnective tissue covering the root

of a tooth from thecementoenamel junction to theapex .

• It also serves as an attachmentstructure for the periodontal

ligament, thus assisting in toothsupport.

CE!ENTU!

Cementum



Numbering of Teeth

• Here are seeral di!erent dental notationsystems for associating information to aspeci"c tooth#

• The three most commons systems are the $D% &orld Dental $ederation notation'and Palmer notation method#

• The $D% system is used worldwide' and the

uniersal is used widely in the )*A#



• Palmer notation +,igmondy- consistsof

a symbol +./ 01- designating in which

2uadrant the tooth is found and anumber indicating the position from

the

midline#• 3omawi for primary teeth• 4umber for permanent teeth



25



5sigmondy 6 Palmer

•Primary teeth

•Permanent teeth

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

! I! III II I I II III I! !

! I! III II I I II III I! !



FDI SYSTEM (in theworld)

• 7 $D% system uses a two8digit numbering system in whichthe

"rst number represents a 2uadrantsecond number represents the number of the tooth fromthe midline of the face#

• 7 $or permanent teeth:• 7 The upper right teeth begin with the number 99#• 7 The upper left teeth begin with the number 99#• The lower left teeth begin with the number 9<9#• The lower right teeth begin with the number 9=9#

• ''<'=''>'?'@''''<'='>'?'@'<'<'<<'<='

• <>'<?'<@'<'='='=<'=='=>'=?'=@'=



• $or primary teeth' the se2uence of numbers :• > upper right• ? upper left

• @ lower left• lower right #

>'>'><'>='>>'?'?'?<'?='?>'@'@'@<'@='@>'

''<'='>'



29



WHAT ARE Mil or !"b#TEETH $$

•P3%MA3B TCCTH•M%L TCCTH•DCE%D)F)* TCTH•Gegin to come in atabout ? mths of age#•)sually by age '>8<

yrs' all of baby teethwill be in place#



How m"n# mil teeth doe% "&hild h"'e $$$

• Total a babyteeth

•)pper 6 lower• incisors•= cuspids• molars



32



33



PC3MA4C4T TCCTH

34

h d il b b h



Wh# do mil or b"b# teethf"ll out $$

Gaby teeth will fallout because thepresence of an

erupting permanenttooth underneath ababy tooth causes itsroot to resorb

+dissole away-



36



37



Wh# rim"r# Teeth

%hould be %"'ed $$

rem"ture lo%% of " !"b# tooth &"n



rem"ture lo%% of " !"b# tooth &"n&"u%e mi%"llignment of erm"nent

tooth



S"&e m"int"iner &"n hold the %"&enorm"ll# o&&uied b# " b"b# tooth

• As long as the spacemaintainer is in place'the neighboring teeth

cannot drift• The permanent toothwiil be able to eruption in

normal position#• Ean help to aoid theneed for braces later

on#



4



*HI+DREN TEETH

• Ehildren hae two sets teeth: primaryteeth +milI or baby- and permanent teeth#

• Goth are Imort"nt for childrens speech'

chewing' and appearance#• Help deelopment of muscle and Jaws for

chewing•

Maintain space for permanet teeth erupt incorrect position#



• Getween the age of ?8 yrs child has bothmilI and permanent teeth 8K mi,eddentition -

• Parents often mistaIenly thinI that theteeth do not re2uire treatment 8K will bereplace with new teeth

• At age ? yrs erupt the ery important tooth8K .r%t erm"nent mol"r /0 need.%%ure %e"l"nt



FISS1RE SEA+ANT $$$

HEA+THY TEETH



HEA+THY TEETH YESS 222

H * Y 3 Y



How *"n You 3ee YourTeeth He"lth#

• Grush at least twice a day 88888 afterbreaIfast and before bedtime#

• Grush all of your teeth' not Just the front

teeth#• TaIe your time while brushing# *pend at

least or < minutes each time your brush#use a timer or play a recording of a songyou liIe to help pass the time#



#

• Ge sure your toothbrush has soft bristles#• et a new toothbrush eery < months#• Bou can also brush your tongue to help

Ieep your bre"th fre%h 2• Al%o imort"nt to isit the dentist twice

a year888888checIing for signs of caities or

gum disease#

%o! Can &ou 'eep &our #eeth %ealthy%o! Can &ou 'eep &our #eeth %ealthy



Ad'i%e to "rent

• The "rst isit to dental clinic notlater than years' ? monthly

regular checI8up#• Grush teeth twice daily#• 3insing of the mouth after meals• *ealant should be applied

when "rst molar erupt#



*HEESE 2222 SMI+E $$$$$$



References

1. Oral Health for Children: Patient Education Insert. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2005;26(5 Suppl1):Insert.

2. Sturdevant JR, Lundeen TF, Sluder TB Jr. Clinical significance of dental anatomy, histology,physiology, and occlusion. In: Robertson TM, Heymann HO, Swift EJ Jr, eds.Sturdevant’s Art andScience of Operative Dentistry. 4th ed. Mosby: St. Louis, MO; 2002:13-61.

3. Strassler HE, Drisko CL, Alexander DC. Dentin hypersensitivity: its inter-relationship to gingival

recession and acid erosion.Inside Dentistry. 2008;29(5 Special Issue):3-4.

4. Imfeld T. Dental erosion. Definition, classification and links.Eur J Oral Sci. 1996;104(2 (Pt 2)):151-155.

5. Dentin hypersensitivity: current state of the art and science. In: Pashley DH, Tay FR, Haywood VB,et al. Dentin Hypersensitivity: Consensus-Based Recommendations for the Diagnosis andManagement of Dentin Hypersensitivity.Inside Dentistry. 2008;4(9 Special Issue):8-18.

6. Dorland’s Medical Dictionary. 29th Ed. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Company; 2000.

7. Robertson TM, Lundeen TF. Cariology: the lesion, etiology, prevention, and control. In: RobertsonTM, Heymann HO, Swift EJ Jr, eds.Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operative Dentistry. 4th ed. Mosby:St. Louis, MO; 2002:63-132.

8. Tooth Erosion in Children—US Perspective.Inside Dentistry. 2009;5(3 Suppl):8.



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2013 Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy