2013 Air Quality Progress Report for London Borough of Brent€¦ · London Borough of Brent Progress Report v Appendices Appendix 1 QA/QC Data List of Tables Table 1.1 Air Quality

London Borough of Brent

Progress Report i

In fulfillment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

November 2013

2013 Air Quality Progress Report

for



LAQM Progress Report ii

Local Authority Officer

Davide Pascarella Technical Officer (Air Quality)

Reviewed by Jennifer Barrett

Department Safer Streets

Address Brent Civic Centre, Engineers Way, Wembley, HA9 0FJ

Telephone 020 8937 5564

e-mail [email protected]

Report Reference number

PR2013

Date November 2013

mailto:[email protected]


Progress Report iii

Executive Summary

This report provides an update of the air quality monitoring undertaken in the London Borough of Brent and progress made with the air quality action plan measures for 2012. The Council undertakes continuous monitoring at three fixed sites in the Borough. The Council also maintains an extensive Non-Automatic Monitoring Network of 27 diffusion tubes monitoring nitrogen dioxide across the Borough. Monitoring for PM2.5 has been undertaken since May 2006. There have been no significant changes to air quality since the last detailed assessment and Updating and Screening Assessment undertaken in 2012. London Borough of Brent meets the air quality strategy targets for benzene, ozone, carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide. However, nitrogen dioxide and particulates continue to exceed the national air quality objective levels in areas where there is relevant exposure. We are unlikely to meet the objectives for these two pollutants in the future without significant intervention measures. A review of the Air Quality Action Plan is currently in progress since revised targets and additional measures are required to decrease levels of particulates and nitrogen dioxide further still. The latest air quality strategy set a cap of 25µg m-3 for PM2.5 and a 15% reduction in annual mean concentrations at urban background locations by 2020. There is no requirement for local authorities currently to report against these exposure reduction targets. However some information on current levels has been included within this report. Monitoring for these particles has been undertaken since May 2006 at the Drury Way/Ikea (BT4) site in Brent. The London Borough of Brent is currently finalising the Air Quality Action Plan 2011-2015 which will be submitted to DEFRA for comments.


LAQM Progress Report iv

Table of contents

1 INTRODUCTION vi

1.1 Description of Local Authority Area vi

1.2 Purpose of Progress Report vii

1.3 Air Quality Objectives 8

1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 9

2 New Monitoring Data 11

2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 11

2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with AQ Objectives 15

- Particulate Monitoring Results (PM2.5) 26

- Ozone monitoring (O3) 26

3 New Local Developments 28

3.1 Road Traffic Sources 28

3.2 Other Transport Sources 28

Since the last USA, no new/newly identified non-road traffic sources. 28

3.3 Industrial Processes 28

3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources 28

3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources 28

4 Action Plan Measures 2011-2015 29

5 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 35

6 References 36


Progress Report v

Appendices

Appendix 1 QA/QC Data

List of Tables

Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives and exceedences identified in 2012. Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Table 2.2 Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites Table 2.3.1 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with Annual Mean

Objective Table 2.3.2 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with 1-hour Mean

Objective Table 2.4 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes for 2012 Table 2.5 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes 2008-2012 Table 2.6 Results of PM10 Automatic Monitoring: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective Table 2.7 Results of PM10 Automatic Monitoring: Comparison with 24-hour Mean Objective Table 2.8 Results of SO2 Automatic Monitoring: Comparison with Objectives Table 2.9 Tabular Summary of Estimated Annual Mean B[a]P Concentration Table 2.10 Particulate Monitoring Results (PM2.5) Table 3.1 New Local Developments planned for 2009/2010

List of Figures Figure 1.1: Map of AQMA boundaries in London Borough of Brent Figure 2.1: Map of Brent continuous air quality monitoring stations Figure 2.2.1: Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites – Locations of all NO2 diffusion tubes within

the London Borough of Brent Figure 2.3: Trends in annual mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration Measured at Automatic

Monitoring Sites Figure 2.4: Hourly nitrogen dioxide concentrations in BT4 (Drury Way IKEA) Figure 2.5: Trends in Annual Mean PM10 from the continuous monitoring stations in Brent Figure 2.6: PM10 Daily mean concentrations from the continuous monitoring stations in Brent


LAQM Progress Report vi

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Description of Local Authority Area

The London Borough of Brent (LBB) is located in North-West London and borders the London Borough of Harrow to the northwest, London Borough of Barnet to the northeast, London Borough of Camden to the east and London Borough of Ealing, London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham, and Kensington & Chelsea to the south, and London Borough of Westminster to the southeast. The A5 Edgware Road runs the length of the eastern Borough boundary and the A406 North Circular Road, a significant contributor to air quality exceedences for nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter, transects the borough from east to west (Figure 1.1). The south of the borough is the most heavily populated, occupied by over 70% of the total population and a mixture of residential, industrial and commercial land uses. It is entirely within the Air Quality Management Area (AQMA). The North of the borough is less densely populated, with more parks and open spaces. The AQMAs here are confined to zones surrounding the most heavily trafficked roads in the North (Figure 1.1). Figure 1.1: Air Quality Management Areas including LBB Major Roads

Wembley is the major conurbation within LBB and is home to the Wembley Stadium and Wembley Arena. The Wembley Regeneration Area was incorporated into the amended AQMA in 2006, since conversion from a previously industrial area to a predominantly


Progress Report vii

residential area serves to introduce new receptors. All of the major town centres in Brent are now encompassed within the AQMA.

1.2 Purpose of Progress Report

Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly Updating and Screening Assessment reports. Their purpose is to maintain continuity in the Local Air Quality Management process. They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment Reports but if the Progress Report identifies the risk of exceedence of an air quality objective, the Local Authority (LA) should undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately, and not wait until the next round of Review and Assessment.


LAQM Progress Report 8

1.3 Air Quality Objectives The air quality objectives applicable to Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) in England are set out in the Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928) and the Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (SI 3043). They are listed below in in Table 1.1 which also includes the number of permitted exceedences in any given year (where applicable). Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives and Exceedences identified in 2012.

Pollutant

Date to be achieved

by

Objective met in

Brent 2012 Concentration Measured as

Benzene

16.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2003 Met

5.00 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2010 Met

1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2003 Met

Carbon monoxide 10.0 mg/m3 Running 8-hour mean 31.12.2003 Met

Lead 0.5 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 Met

0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008 Met

Nitrogen dioxide

200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year

1-hour mean 31.12.2005 Not Met

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005 Not Met

Particles (PM10) (gravimetric)

50 µg/m3,not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year

24-hour mean 31.12.2004 Not Met

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 Met

Sulphur dioxide

350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 24 times a year

1-hour mean 31.12.2004 Met

125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded

more than 3 times a year

24-hour mean 31.12.2004 Met

266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year

15-minute mean 31.12.2005 Met


9

1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 1999- Stage 1: Review and assessment A full assessment of the eight priority pollutants undertaken. The stage 1 report concluded that carbon monoxide, fine particles as PM10, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) required further assessment at stage 2. 2000- Stage 2: Review and assessment Brent’s stage 2 report concluded that no further action was needed for carbon monoxide, but further investigation was required for sulphur dioxide, PM10 and (NO2). . 2000- Stage 3: Review and assessment Brent’s stage 3 report predicted that levels of nitrogen dioxide and fine particles as PM10 would exceed National Air Quality objectives, the primary source being road traffic emissions. Having determined the areas of the borough where air quality would not meet the Objectives by 2005Brent declared them as Air Quality Management Areas (AQMA) in April 2001. 2002-2003- Stage 4: Detailed Assessment and Updating and screening assessment The Detailed Assessment carried out in 2002 identified exceedences of the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective and the annual mean for PM10. The task of reducing these and other emissions in the borough would need to be identified in the Air Quality Action Plan, which would set out policies and measures to work towards meeting the Air quality Objectives. The Updating and Screening Assessment concluded that a further Detailed Assessment was necessary, based on NO2 and PM10 concentrations around busy roads across the borough where exceedences were predicted outside of the AQMA declared in 2001. 2004- Detailed Assessment The detailed assessment confirmed air quality objectives for NO2 and PM10 will not be met at many locations including two key locations outside the existing Air Quality Management Area – Wembley Hill Road and Ealing Road. As a result of very high concentrations of measured particulates at Neasden Lane detailed modelling was also undertaken. This indicated that

exceedances of the particulate 24 hour mean objective limit of 50 g m-3 (more than 35 times per year) would continue, and recommended control of emissions be prioritized in this area. The impact of diesel train emissions from the Chiltern Line on sulphur dioxide concentrations was determined as unlikely to breach the objectives set for this pollutant. An Air Quality Management Area was not declared for sulphur dioxide as a result. 2005- Air Quality Action Plan The report listed 98 actions and outlined our commitment to take action to reduce the impact of poor air quality in key areas in our air Quality Action Plan. Regular reporting to chart progress would be made as part of our duties under LAQM. 2005- Updating and screening assessment The Updating and Screening Assessment confirmed that concentrations of nitrogen dioxide continue to exceed the annual mean objective where there is relevant exposure. Additional monitoring in the Council’s area indicates that the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide is exceeded outside of the AQMA. 2008- Further Assessment Following the extension of the AQMA in 2006the Council subsequently conducted a Further Assessment, to confirm that the objectives for NO2 and PM10 would not be met in these areas in 2008.



2011- Progress Report Progress Reports provided an annual update of air quality issues in Brent and the progress with air quality action plan measures. The 2011 report determined that two areas not included into the AQMA marginally exceeded the annual mean objective for NO2. 2012- Updating and screening assessment The 2012 report confirmed the need for a Detailed Assessment for NO2 at Harrow Road (left of Sudbury Court Drive) and at the junction of Shaftesbury Avenue and Woodcock Hill. Traffic and transport remained the key contributor to air pollution within Brent. The annual and hourly mean objective for NO2 and PM10 continued to exceed the objectives in air the current quality management areas in the Borough.


11

2 New Monitoring Data

2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

In 2012 the Council undertook continuous monitoring at three fixed sites in the Borough (see Figure 2.1 for a plan of all monitoring locations and Table 2.1 for details of all monitoring sites). All monitoring sites are within the Council’s AQMA. • Brent 4 (BT4) is a roadside site, located in the Neasden area, Drury Way and has been in operation since 2003; • Brent 5 (BT5) is an industrial site, located in the Neasden area of Brent and has been in operation since 2004; • Brent 6 (BT6) is a roadside site, located in the Harlesden area of Brent and has been in operation since 2006. All analysers are manually calibrated by Brent Council fortnightly, using certified span gases. Although none of the three PM10 analysers (Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalances or TEOMs) are part of the national network, recommended quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures are followed, including the filter change frequency and methodology. All data is collected and ratified by the Environment Research Group at King’s College (ERG) and is available to view via the Londonair (www.londonair.org.uk) website. Figure 2.1 Map of Automatic Monitoring Sites

http://www.londonair.org.uk/LondonAir/Default.aspx

http://www.londonair.org.uk/



Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site Name

Site Type

Grid Ref

(X,Y)

Pollutants Monitored

In AQMA?

Monitoring Tech.

Relevant Exposure

Distance to kerb of nearest

road

Worst-case

exposure?

BT4 Drury Way

Roadside 520866 185169

NO2 PM10 PM2.5

O3

Y TEOM VCM

method Y (38m) 2m Y

BT5 Neasden

Industrial 521511 185204

NO2 PM10 Y TEOM VCM

method Y (35m) 4m N

BT6 Harlesden

Roadside 521619 183554

NO2, PM10 Y

TEOM VCM

method

Y (10m) 2m Y

2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

The Council passively monitors NO2 using 27 diffusion tubes at 25 sites across the Borough

from 2011 (see Figure 2.2). Prior to that diffusion tube monitoring had been undertaken at 58

locations in the Borough. Diffusion tubes currently include 24 roadside locations and 1

background location (Tube ID:33a). Three roadside diffusion tubes (52a, 52b and 52c) have

been co-located at BT4 Drury Way automatic monitoring station site since July 2009.

Tube locations were selected on the basis they were representative for public exposure,

either close to the nearest residential premises on busy roads or at sensitive receptors such

as hospitals and schools. Details of all diffusion tube locations are described in Table 2.2.

All monitoring equipment is collected by the local site operator (LSO) and analysed by

Gradko International Ltd Laboratories.


13

Figure 2.2 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Bias Adjustment

To correct for identified systematic bias, an adjustment factor is applied to the measurement

data obtained.

Tubes are supplied and analysed by Gradko International Ltd and the preparation method

uses 50% triethanolamine in acetone (TEA).

Brent Council has applied the national default bias adjustment factor of 1.01 provided by the

Department for Environment Food and Rural affairs (DEFRA).

The National NO2 Bias correction factors (2010 –2012):

Year: 2010 2011 2012

National Bias Factor: 1.03 0.93 1.01

The national factors indicate that the diffusion tube measurements are over-reading in 2011

and under-reading in 2010 and 2012.



Table 2.2 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site Name ID Site Type

OS Grid Ref

(X,Y)

Pollutants Monitored

In AQMA?

Relevant Exposure?

Distance to kerb of

nearest road

Junction of Kenton Rd / Upton Gardens

1 R 516929 188560

NO2 Y Y(15) 2m

Harrow Rd, Sudbury Court Drive 2 R 515793 186042

NO2 N Y(10) 1m

Junction of Shaftesbury Avenue / Woodcock Hill

4 R 518254 187771

NO2 N Y(6) 1m

Bridgewater Rd / Ealing Road 7 R 517921 183716

NO2 Y N(17) 2m

Junction of East Lane / Wembley Hill Road

9 R 518499 186168

NO2 Y Y(20) 2m

Old Church Lane junction with Neasden Lane

17 R 520480 186537

NO2 Y Y(4) 1m

Central Middlesex Hospital, Central Way

21a R 520078 182857

NO2 Y Y(4) 1m

Junction of Kingsbury Road / Edgware Road

22 R 521447 188730

NO2 Y Y(5) 1m

Junction North Circular Rd / Chartley Avenue

23 R 521213 186125

NO2 Y Y(10) 2m

Dudden Hill Lane junction with High Road

26 R 522191 184821

NO2 Y Y(19) 1m

Junction Dollis Hill Lane / Cricklewood

29 R 523191 186571

NO2 Y Y(12) 1m

Chichele Road near Melrose Ave

30 R 523663 185353

NO2 Y Y(9.8) 1m

Kingsbury Road/Buck Lane 33a B 519572 187691

NO2 N N(500) 1m

R/O 246 Neasden Lane 41 R 521455 185920

NO2 Y Y(3) 4m

Kilburn Park Rd near junction with Shirland Rd

48 R 525196 182517

NO2 Y Y(2) 1m

IKEA, North Circular Rd 52 R 520874 185173

NO2 Y Y(40) 1m

Junction Ealing Road / High Road

53 R 518020 185043

NO2 Y Y(15) 1m

Junction Ealing Road / Riverside Gardens

54 R 518221 183206

NO2 Y Y(4) 1m

Police Station, Craven Park BRT 42

R 521155 184002

NO2 Y Y(3) 1m

Pitfield Way BRT 43

R 520242 184541

NO2 Y Y(20) 2m

High Road Wembley BRT 53

R 518303 185181

NO2 Y Y(0) 0.5m

High Street, Harlesden BRT 55

R 521743 183361

NO2 Y Y(3) 0.5m

Chamberlayne Road BRT 56

R 523635 183153

NO2 Y Y(15) 0.5m

Kilburn Bridge BRT 57

R 525461 183558

NO2 Y Y(8) 0.5m

51 High Road, Willesden BRT 58

R 523031 184655

NO2 Y Y(2) 0.5m


LAQM USA 2012 15

2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with AQ Objectives

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), particulate matter as PM10 and PM2.5 and Ozone (O3) are routinely monitored within the borough. The monitoring results are compared with the air quality objectives for each pollutant.

2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO) are collectively referred to as nitrogen oxides (NOx). All combustion processes produce NOx emissions, largely in the form of NO, which is then converted to nitrogen dioxide, mainly as a result of reaction with ozone in the atmosphere. Exposure to NO2 can irritate the lungs and lower resistance to respiratory infections such as influenza. Studies indicate that continued or frequent exposure to concentrations much higher than those normally found in ambient air may cause increased incidence of acute respiratory illness in children (Defra Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09)). Automatic Monitoring Data The Council monitors NO2 in its area continuously using chemiluminescence analysers. There is a short term objective (one hour mean of 200 µg m-3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year) and a longer term objective (an annual mean not exceeding 40µg m-3) set for this pollutant, to be met every year. Table 2.3.1 shows the annual average NO2 concentrations measured at the industrial (BT5) and roadside monitoring sites (BT4 and BT6) from 2009 to 2012. In 2012 all three stations BT4, BT5 and BT6, exceeded the NO2 annual mean objective with an increase of the previous annual means recorded at BT4 and BT5. It should be noted also that BT5 for the first time is exceeding the objective limit of 40 µg m-3 by 4 µg m-3. Due to engineering problems, BT6 monitoring station had data capture rates of 82% in 2012 therefore results may not be representative of the full year and should be used for guidance only. Due to the low data capture at BT6, results have been adjusted to provide an estimate of the annual mean using the procedure set out in LAQM.TG(09). Results for BT6 would have been slightly higher (43 µg m-3 instead of 41 µg m-3) if the monitoring stations had been in operation for the full calendar year (see table 2.3.1). All NO2 data for 2011 has been fully ratified.

Table 2.3.1 - Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Site ID - Name Within

AQMA?

Data Capture 2012

%

Annual mean concentrations(g/m3)

2009

2010

2011 2012

BT4 (Drury Way) Y 94 69 74 70 (64) 76

BT5 (Neasden) Y 91 37 39 36 44

BT6 (Harlesden) Y 82 51 56 42 (40) 41 (43)

Objective Limit 40

-Exceedences of the 40 µg/m3 annual mean NO2 objective are highlighted in bold.

-Numbers in brackets: Estimation of annual mean concentrations from a low data capture monitoring data

adjusted.



Figure 2.3 shows that BT4 and BT6 have exceeded the objective for the last four years, BT6

has steadily falling from 56 g/m3 in 2010 to 41 g/m3 in 2012. BT5 has been recorded close to the objective limit between years 2009 and 2011, for then moving over it in 2012. The annual mean NO2 data trend for all three monitoring sites is illustrated in figure below.

Figure 2.3 - Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites

In 2012 the short term objective for NO2 concentrations was achieved at BT5 and BT6 monitoring stations, with BT4 exceeding the objective limit of 18 for the first time. Table 2.3.2 shows the number of exceedences of the hourly mean objective at BT4, BT5 and BT6 from 2008 to 2012. BT4 (Drury Way) site recorded 33 exceedences of the 1-hour mean objective. This continuous monitoring station is located adjacent to the North Circular Road hence the consistently high values in comparison to other sites. BT6 had low data capture so the results may not be representative of the full calendar year and should be used for guidance only. Table 2.3.2: Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with 1-hour Mean Objective

Location Within

AQMA? Data

Capture

Number of Exceedences of hourly

mean (200 g/m3).


LAQM USA 2012 17

2012 %

2009 2010 2011 2012

BT4 (Drury Way IKEA) Y 94 14 6 13(199.8) 33

BT5 (Neasden) Y 91 2 0 1 0

BT6 (Harlesden) Y 82 0 16 0(140) 0 (139)

Objective Limit 18 -Numbers in brackets: calculation of the 99.8

th Percentile for the sites with a poor data capture.

-Exceedences of the 200 µg/m3 of hourly mean NO2 objective are highlighted in bold.

Figure 2.4 Hourly nitrogen dioxide concentrations in BT4 (Drury Way)



Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data

The diffusion tubes were exposed for one-month periods and the average monthly NO2

concentrations, from the January 2012 until the end of December 2012, was determined.

Using the national bias correction factor of 1.01 results indicate that NO2 concentrations for

25 out the 27 diffusion tubes were above the 40g/m3 objective (see table 2.4 and 2.5).

Tube 2 (Harrow Road left from Sudbury Court Drive) and tube 4 (Junction of Shaftesbury

Avenue and Woodcock Hill) exceeded the annual mean objective but are not within the

AQMA. This is the fourth year in succession where this has been observed.

Tubes 52 and BRT57 located near two busy roads (North Circular and Edward Road) had a

Nitrogen Dioxide annual mean of over 100g/m3.

The monitoring data from 2012 continues to justify the conclusions of previous review and

assessment to declare an AQMA.

There is no reduction in NO2 concentrations between 2008 and 2012, with only one roadside

diffusion tube (ID 1) measuring NO2 below the annual mean objective of 40 g/m3.


LAQM USA 2012 19

Table 2.4 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes in 2012

Site ID Location Site Type Within

AQMA? Triplicate

Tube?

Data Capture

2011 (%)

OS Grid Ref (X,Y)

Data distance

corrected? (Y/N)

Annual mean concentration

(Bias Adjustment factor = 1.01)

2012 (g/m3)

1 Junction of Kenton Rd / Upton Gardens Roadside Y No 100 516929 188560 N 37.9

2 Harrow Rd, Sudbury Court Drive Roadside N No 100 515793 186042 N 42.2

4 Junction of Shaftesbury Avenue/Woodcock Hill Roadside N No 100 518254 187771 N 41.8

7 Bridgewater Rd / Ealing Road Roadside Y No 100 517921 183716 N 59.7

9 Junction of East Lane/Wembley Hill Road Roadside Y No 100 518499 186168 N 46.6

17 Old Church Lane junction with Neasden Lane Roadside Y No 100 520480 186537 N 52.8

21a Central Middlesex Hospital, Central Way Roadside Y No 100 520078 182857 N 47.1

22 Junction of Kingsbury Road/Edgware Road Roadside Y No 92 521447 188730 N 54.1

23 Junction North Circular Road/Chartley Avenue Roadside Y No 100 521213 186125 N 92.8

26 Dudden Hill Lane junction with High Road Roadside Y No 83 522191 184821 N 60.4

29 Junction Dollis Hill Lane/Cricklewood Roadside Y No 100 523191 186571 N 75.8

30 Chichele Road near Melrose Ave Roadside Y No 83 523663 185353 N 64.6

41 R/O 246 Neasden Lane Roadside Y No 92 521455 185920 N 61.6

48 Kilburn Park road near junction of Shirland Road Roadside Y No 92 525196 182517 N 76.6

53 Junction Ealing Road / High Road Roadside Y No 100 518020 185043 N 66.9

54 Ealing Road/Riverside Gardens Roadside Y No 92 518221 183206 N 49.7

33A Fryent Park Car Park area Background N No 100 519572 187691 N 24.7

52 A IKEA, Hut, North Circular Road Roadside Y Triplicate 100 520874 185173 N 102.8

52 B IKEA, Hut, North Circular Road Roadside Y Triplicate 100 520874 185173 N 103.3

52 C IKEA, Hut, North Circular Road Roadside Y Triplicate 100 520874 185173 N 102.1

BRT 42 Police Station, Craven Park Roadside Y No 100 521155 184002 N 45.1

BRT 43 Pitfield Way Roadside Y No 100 520242 184541 N 64.2

BRT 53 High Road Wembley Roadside Y No 92 518303 185181 N 64.8

BRT 55 High Street, Harlesden Roadside Y No 100 521743 183361 N 76.2

BRT 56 Chamberlayne Road Roadside Y No 100 523635 183153 N 75.2

BRT 57 Kilburn Bridge Roadside Y No 100 525461 183558 N 100.8

BRT 58 51 High Road, Willesden Roadside Y No 100 523031 184655 N 68.2



Table 2.5 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes (2007 to 2012)

Site ID Site Type Within

AQMA?

Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) g/m3

2008 (Bias

Adjustment Factor =

1.09)

2009 (Bias

Adjustment Factor =

0.98)

2010 (Bias

Adjustment Factor =

1.03)

2011 (Bias

Adjustment Factor =

0.93)

2012 (Bias

Adjustment Factor =

1.01)

1 Junction of Kenton Rd / Upton Gardens Y 47.9 44.3 44.3 38.7 37.9

2 Harrow Rd, Sudbury Court Drive N 49.5 46.9 47.5 42.1 42.2

4 Junction of Shaftesbury Avenue / Woodcock Hill N 50.2 44.6 43.0 40.4 41.8

7 Bridgewater Rd / Ealing Road Y 68.6 68.7 70.7 56.7 59.7

9 Junction of East Lane / Wembley Hill Road Y 52.3 50.7 49.9 44.3 46.6

17 Old Church Lane junction with Neasden Lane Y 52.6 56.1 53.6 54.1 52.8

21a Central Middlesex Hospital, Central Way Y N/A N/A N/A 43.1 47.1

22 Junction of Kingsbury Road / Edgware Road Y 68.6 66.1 60.7 51.6 54.1

23 Junction North Circular Rd / Chartley Avenue Y 97.3 87.0 86.8 82.1 92.8

26 Dudden Hill Lane junction with High Road Y 76.5 67.1 60.6 58.1 60.4

29 Junction Dollis Hill Lane / Cricklewood Y 68.5 60.5 64.1 63.5 75.8

30 Chichele Road near Melrose Ave Y 79.4 68.1 68.6 59.1 64.6

41 R/O 246 Neasden Lane Y 68.3 61.0 57.8 57.8 61.6

48 Kilburn Park Rd near junction with Shirland Rd Y 82.2 74.0 65.7 69.3 76.6

53 Junction Ealing Road / High Road Y N/A N/A N/A 61.2 66.9

54 Ealing Road / Riverside Gardens Y N/A N/A N/A 41.9 49.7

33A Fryent Park Car Park area N N/A N/A N/A 22.2 24.7

52 A IKEA, Hut, North Circular Road Y N/A 82.9 82.4 85.7 102.8

52 B IKEA, Hut, North Circular Road Y N/A 82.6 83.1 87.1 103.3

52 C IKEA, Hut, North Circular Road Y N/A 79.4 87.0 90.4 102.1

BRT 42 Police Station, Craven Park Y 35.1 54.0 43.2 43.6 45.1

BRT 43 Pitfield Way Y 83.6 77.7 52.2 58.1 64.2

BRT 53 High Road Wembley Y 76.0 57.9 46.3 48.1 64.8

BRT 55 High Street, Harlesden Y 87.0 76.6 66.9 70.6 76.2

BRT 56 Chamberlayne Road Y 78.3 70.3 62.5 66.5 75.2

BRT 57 Kilburn Bridge Y 119.3 84.2 76.3 81.6 100.8

BRT 58 51 High Road, Willesden Y 73.1 65.1 54.1 60.3 68.2


LAQM USA 2012 21

2.2.2 PM10

The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of PM10 at three continuous monitoring sites.

The Council uses TEOMs (Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalances) for monitoring PM10;

the results are corrected using the Volatile Correction Model (VCM) to present data as its

gravimetric equivalent.

The annual mean results for 2012 recorded at all three monitoring stations were below the

annual mean objective of 40g/m3 for PM10, and there has been a small decrease at all three

sites in comparison with 2010 results as reported in Table 2.6.

Figure 2.5 shows that overall levels have not decreased over the long term in the borough

but have remained steady, with only BT5 close to exceeding the target annual mean limit of

40 g/m3.

Table 2.6 Results of Automatic Monitoring of PM10: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Site ID Site Type

Within AQMA?

Valid Data Capture

for monitoring Period %

Valid Data

Capture 2012 %

Confirm Gravimetric Equivalent (Y or NA)

Annual Mean Concentration

g/m3

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

BT4 Drury Way

Y 100 93 Y 32 32 31 34 32

BT5 Neasden Y 100 98 Y 41 36 37 38 37

BT6 Harlesden Y 100 97 Y 24 23 23 25 23

*Bold indicates an exceedence of the annual mean objective of 40 g/m3.

In 2012 a good data capture was achieved with more than 90% of data for the full year at the

air quality stations.

BT4 (Drury Way ) recorded 33 exceedences of the 24-hour mean objective during 2012, a

significant decrease on the previous year, and as a consequence has met the short term

objective for PM10.

BT5 (Neasden) is an industrial site. Daily mean PM10 levels for 2012 were three times

greater than the objective level with 82 exceedences with an increase of 5 exceedences

compared with the previous year. The daily mean PM10 levels at this site are the highest in

the Borough and among the highest in the London Air Quality Network.



In 2009 and 2010 there was a significant decrease compared with 2008. A likely explanation

is the impact of improvements to site operations at the nearest industrial source – a Waste

Transfer Station (WTS). In 2011 there was a slight increase in PM10 emissions on the

previous year but is still well below 2008 levels (see table 2.7).

BT6 (Harlesden) recorded 10 exceedences of the 24-hour mean objective during 2012, this

site continues to meet the daily mean national objective for PM10.

Table 2.7 Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with 24-hour mean Objective

Site ID

Site Type Within AQMA

Valid Data

Capture for

monitoring

Period %

Valid Data

Capture 2011 %

Confirm Gravimetric Equivalent

Number of Exceedences of 24-Hour

Mean (50 g/m3)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

BT4 Drury Way

Y 100 93 Y 49 37 32 42

(58)* 33

BT5 Neasden Y 100 98 Y 100 80 64 77 82

BT6 Harlesden Y 100 97 Y 9 7 8 12

(41)* 10

* if data capture is less than 90%, include the 90th percentile of 24-hour means in brackets

*Bold indicates an exceedence of the 24-hour mean objective of 50 g/m3.


LAQM USA 2012 23

Figure 2.5 Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations



Figure 2.6 Trends in Concentrations of PM10 Automatic Monitoring: Comparison with 24-hour Mean Objective


LAQM USA 2012 25

2.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide

The Council undertook sulphur dioxide (SO2) monitoring using continuous analysers at two

roadside monitoring sites (BT4 and BT6) from 2000 to 2010.

In the last 10 years SO2 objectives were met at the monitoring sites in the Borough, here is

no relevant public exposure to this pollutant and no significant local sources of SO2. For

these reasons it was considered that there would be no benefit to continued monitoring of

sulphur dioxide and monitoring ceased by end of 2010 as part of a monitoring network

review.

2.2.4 Benzene

Benzene monitoring was undertaken by diffusion tube analysis in Brent as part of the London

Wide Monitoring Programme for the period 2003 to 2009. The results indicated that the

running annual mean air quality objectives of 16.25μg/m3 was met in the previous years as

well as the annual mean results greater than 5μg/m3 (as a running annual mean).

These results were consistent with the general trend across the UK where benzene

concentrations decreased over time, remaining consistently low, as a result of stricter

emission controls for vehicles and changes to fuel formulations

Since benzene concentrations measured were well below the stricter 2010 running annual

mean and there were no new significant benzene sources LBB ceased monitoring benzene

from April 2009.

2.2.5 Other pollutants monitored

- Poly-Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

LBB has monitored poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the Kingsbury site (refer to table

2.8) since 1991 as participants in the London Wide PAH survey. PAHs are organic

compounds which are widespread throughout the environment and formed mainly as the

result of incomplete combustion. PAHs are found in higher concentrations in urban areas and

are known carcinogens. Using benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) as the marker PAH and measured

from biweekly particulate phase and vapour phase measurements, the air quality objective

level has been set provisionally at 0.25ng/m3 annual average to be met by 2010.


26

The concentration of B[a]P at Kingsbury site does not exceed the current air quality

objective. As reported in table 2.9 B[a]P results have met the UK objective since monitoring

began. At the time of this report, the results for 2011 were not available.

Table 2.8: PAHs site location.

Table 2.9: Summary of Estimated Annual Mean B[a]P Concentration

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

B[a]P (ng m-3

) 0.11 0.15 0.05 0.12 0.19 0.18 0.16 N/A

- Particulate Monitoring Results (PM2.5)

The 2007 air quality strategy set a cap of 25µg m-3 for PM2.5 and a 15 % reduction in annual

mean concentrations at urban background locations by 2020. There is currently no

requirement for local authorities to report against these exposure reduction targets.

Monitoring for these particles has been undertaken since May 2006 at the Drury Way/ BT4)

site in Brent.

The results show a slight decline in concentrations of 2µg m-3 from 2006 to 2011. These

results currently are below the cap level proposed (see Table 2.13) but continuing monitoring

over the next 8 years is important, providing valuable information for public reporting,

temporal representation, health studies, transport studies and background monitoring.

Table 2.10: Annual mean results for PM2.5 (µg m-3)

Site ID Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

BT4 (Drury Way) Roadside 18 16 15 14 16 13.4

- Ozone monitoring (O3)

In 2010 monitoring for Ozone at BT 1 (Kingsbury) recorded 22 exceedences of the 8-hour

running mean objective of 100μg m-3 not to be exceeded more than 10 days per year. Ozone

Site ID - Name

Site Type

OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored

In AQMA?

Relevant Exposure?

(Y/N with distance (m) to

relevant exposure)

Distance to kerb

of nearest

road

Does this location

represent worst-case

exposure?

BT1 (Kingsbury)

Suburban 519560 189271 PAHs N Y (1m) 2m N


LAQM USA 2012 27

is also recorded at Brent 4 although no exceedences of the 8-hour running mean were

recorded at this site.

As part of a monitoring network review in response to a lack of funding, BT 1 (Kingsbury)

was closed in 2011.

2.2.6 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

Automatic and non-automatic monitoring systems within the Borough confirmed that the

annual mean NO2 objective has been exceeded at roadside and background locations within

AQMAs.

London Borough of Brent has measured concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) above the annual mean objective at relevant locations outside of the AQMA, and will need to proceed to a Detailed Assessments, for 1. Harrow Road left from Sudbury Court Drive; and 2. Junction of Shaftesbury Avenue and Woodcock Hill.

2.2.7 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

This Air Quality Progress Report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance (PG09) and the LAQM.TG(09) guidance and has updated monitoring results for pollutants in the Borough. There have been no significant changes to air quality since the last detailed assessment and updating and screening assessment were undertaken. Benzene, ozone, carbon monoxide, and sulphur dioxide monitored in each area meet the air quality strategy targets levels. The current monitoring results continue to indicate that the Government’s current air quality objectives for NO2 and PM10 are being exceeded widely at locations in the AQMA where there is relevant public exposure. The Council intends to conduct a further assessment to confirm the previous assessment of air quality in the revised air quality management area. This assessment will enable the Council to quantify further the air quality improvement required to meet the air quality objectives in these areas and ensure that appropriate action plan measures are implemented to address them.


28

3 New Local Developments

3.1 Road Traffic Sources

Since the last USA, no new/newly identified road traffic sources have been identified.

3.2 Other Transport Sources

Since the last USA, no new/newly identified non-road traffic sources.

3.3 Industrial Processes

Since the last USA, there are no new/newly identified industrial sources.

3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources

Information in the LAEI 2006 states that there are no particulate matter emissions from domestic coal burning in Camden, which is likely to be because the whole of the borough is a smoke free zone. Smokeless fuel burning is not included as a source in the LAEI, but there may be a few households burning smokeless fuels on open fireplaces (as a secondary source of heating). However, this does not occur on the significant scale as classed in the guidance, posing no risk to exceeding the PM10 objectives.

3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources

Since the last USA no new/newly identified uncontrolled sources have been identified. London borough of Brent confirms that there are no new or newly identified local developments which may have an impact on air quality within the Local Authority area.


LAQM USA 2012 29

4 Action Plan Measures 2011-2015

The London Borough of Brent’s revised and updated Air Quality Action Plan 2011-2015 outlines the measures the Council will take to reduce air pollution in the Borough. As well as maintaining fundamental elements of local air quality management such as monitoring and regulation, the Council will implement 15 new air quality action plan measures to further reduce pollutant emissions associated with specific sources. Nitrogen dioxide and particulates remain the focus of the plan, the air quality management area remaining unchanged since it was amended in 2006, as concentrations of these pollutants continue to exceed targets set. The new plan also integrates air quality with climate change and identifies additional opportunities for emissions reductions, not only from Council activities but from Brent businesses. Integration of air quality into emerging public health agenda is a high priority and ensures consideration is given to the potential for protecting the public from serious health threats and cohesive service delivery as much as possible.

Action Description Timescale

A.1 Integrate local air quality improvements into Borough public health plan Oct 2013

A.2 Increase the number of suitable tree species planted in new developments Oct 2013

A.3 Develop a cohesive strategy for biomass installations and achieve 20% carbon reduction from renewables.

Mar 2015

A.4 Update the Sustainable Development Checklist to reflect the Borough's commitment to reducing the environmental impact of new development

Mar 2013

A.5 Set carbon and nitrogen dioxide reduction targets for regeneration schemes Mar 2015

A.6 Review planning policies to safeguard against environmental impacts of new and existing Waste Transfer Stations

Mar 2013

A.7 Increase car to non-car (walking and cycling) modal shift Mar 2014

A.8 Install electric charging points at strategic locations in Brent Mar 2014

A.9 Reduce congestion associated with new or proposed traffic management schemes

Mar 2015

A.10 Facilitate the delivery of new car clubs in the borough Mar 2015

A.11 Work with Brent businesses to achieve 10% emissions reductions from their core operations

Mar 2015

A.12 Secure a 20% decrease of energy use in Council housing stock and 25% reduction in emissions arising from Council service delivery

Mar 2015

A.13 Reduce use of fossil fuels in council buildings Mar 2015

A.14 Secure 10% reduction in nitrogen dioxide, particulates and carbon dioxide from major commercial fleet operators in Brent

Mar 2015

A.15 Lobby government to raise awareness of challenges to implementing waste licensing controls whilst achieving National Air Quality targets

Mar 2015

Fundamental measures There are a number of air quality action plan measures considered essential for maintaining the reduction in pollution emissions achieved by the former plan. Such measures are considered essential to local air quality monitoring continued progress will be report annually for the lifetime of the plan. These Fundamental Measures are summarised as follows:

Action Description

F.1 Monitor key air pollutants throughout the Borough

F.2 Reduce emissions to air from industrial installations and waste sites using regulatory powers


30

F.3 Implement all feasible options for reducing the impacts of idling engines from commercial and domestic vehicles

F.4 Implement measures to reduce carbon emissions in accordance with Council Carbon Strategies

F.5 Review all new planning applications for potential air quality impacts and implement controls to limit impacts

F.6 Implement measures to restrict the burning of waste

F.7 Work with West London Partners to reduce emissions regionally

F.8 Raise awareness, engage and educate stakeholders and residents about air quality issues

F.9 Support Mayoral, Government and EU initiatives to achieve emission reductions in the Borough

F.10 Limit the increase of traffic and transport use in ‘Action Areas’ within Brent

F.11 Support the Council’s aim to place Green Travel and sustainable transport at the top of the corporate agenda

Section 1: New Air Quality Action Plan Measures

The London Borough of Brent’s revised Air Quality Action Plan 2011-2015 outlines the Council’s plans to reduce air pollution over the next four years. The measures will have a significant impact on local air quality and offer the potential to deliver the greatest health benefits for those who visit, work and live in the Borough. This Council will continue to report on actions essential to local air quality management and that have effectively been carried over from the original plan. These eleven Fundamental Actions will maintain the emission reductions achieved by the former Air Quality Action Plan (2005-2010) and are listed below: Fundamental Measures

Action F1: Monitor key air pollutants throughout the Borough Action F2: Reduce emissions to air from industrial installations and waste sites using regulatory powers Action F3: Implement all feasible options for reducing the impacts of idling engines from commercial and domestic vehicles Action F4: Implement measures to reduce carbon emissions in accordance with Council Carbon Strategies Action F.5: Review all new planning applications for potential air quality impacts and implement controls to limit impacts Action F.6: Implement measures to restrict the burning of waste Action F.7: Work with West London Partners to reduce emissions regionally Action F.8: Raise awareness, engage and educate stakeholders and residents about air quality issues Action F.9: Support Mayoral, Government and EU initiatives to achieve emission reductions in the Borough Action F.10: Limit the increase of traffic and transport use in ‘Action Areas’ within Brent Action F.11: Support the Council’s aim to place Green Travel and sustainable transport at the top of the corporate agenda The Council will implement 15 new measures to further reduce nitrogen dioxide and particulate emissions and provide quantifiable air quality improvements. Climate change has been integrated with air quality to secure carbon dioxide reductions and the new plan will specifically target Council activities, commercial business and future policy. The measures are segregated into 4 main themes, namely Transport Measures, Commercial Measures, Community Measures, and Development Measures, which are outlined in more detail in Table 4.1 and reflect the main sources pollutant emissions. Progress in delivering the plan will be reported annually in accordance with the National Review and Assessment process.


LAQM USA 2012 31

Table 4.1 Air Quality Action Plan Summary

Action Action measure Key Performance indicator(s)

Delivery Completion Date

A.1 Integrate local air quality improvements into Borough public health plan

Air quality reduction measures incorporated into public health action plan

Review core measures in emerging strategies and quantify potential benefits of air quality actions in areas targeted Ensure air quality regularly communicates progress to Public Health Board Evaluate impact of the improvements on the plan

Oct 2013

A.2 Increase the number of suitable tree species planted in new developments

Revised Supplementary Planning Document published and adopted Planting programme established Street trees maintenance contract revised

Devise list of most suitable species Create map of planting areas and align with planting programme Devise co-ordinated plan for the maintenance of each tree planted Evaluate environmental impacts of the planting programme

Mar 2012


32

A.3 Develop a cohesive strategy for biomass installations and achieve 20% carbon reduction from renewables

Published Brent Biomass Strategy Achieved 20% or greater carbon reduction from onsite renewables.

Devise Strategy for determination of applications for biomass and similar installations. Quantify provision of renewables required to meet target and monitor progress every 6 month

Oct 2012 Oct 2013

Planning Policy Team

A.4 Update Brent Sustainable Development Checklist to reduce the impact of new development on air quality

Published Brent Biomass Strategy

Quantify reduction in air pollution secured by implementation of the Checklist

Mar 2013 Planning

A.5 Set carbon and nitrogen dioxide reduction targets for regeneration schemes

Published guidance Reduction targets are set for carbon and nitrogen dioxide

Evaluate impacts of targets set

Mar 2015 Environmental Health TBC Planning

A.6 Review planning policies to ensure future Waste Transfer Stations are only approved where local air quality will not be significantly reduced

Adoption of Joint West London Waste DPD Publication of new planning policies

Protocol set up for joint approach to monitoring impacts of waste facilities New waste transfer facilities are monitored and appropriately located

Nov 2012 Mar 2013

Planning Policy


LAQM USA 2012 33

A.7 Achieve on-going reduction in car to non-car modal shift

Achieve walking modal share of 31.40% and cycling of 1.05%

Count number of additional walking schemes implemented, Count number of additional cycling schemes implemented

Mar 2014 Adrian Pigott Transportation

A.8 Install electric charging points at strategic locations in Brent

Annual increase electric vehicle charging points across the borough.

Count, number of points installed Mar 2014 Adrian Pigott Transportation

A.9 Reduce overall congestion associated with new or proposed traffic management schemes

Evidence of reduced congestion in Harlesden

Comparison with baseline congestion map

Mar 2015 Andrew Boddy Transportation Jennifer Barrett Environmental

A.10 Facilitate the delivery of new car clubs in the borough.

Increase in number of car club vehicles in use

Facilitate take-up and use via planning policy and actions Review planning and transport policies to require the installation of additional car clubs in key locations Review options for incorporating low emissions vehicles in the fleet

Mar 2014 Mar 2014

Transportation Planning policy


34

A.11 Work with Brent businesses to

achieve 10% emissions reductions from their operations

10% reduction in energy use in businesses surveyed

Work with Brent Businesses to determine local baselines and measures required to secure reduction Devise Action Plans for achieving target Monitor progress with Action plan

Mar 2015 Policy and Projects

A.12 Secure a 20% decrease of energy use in Council housing stock and 25% reduction in emissions from Council service delivery.

20% reduction in energy use 25% reduction in Council emissions

Survey Council stock and core activities to determine local baseline and measures required to secure reduction Devise Action Plan for achieving target Monitor progress with Action plan

Mar 2015 Policy and Projects Brent Housing Partnership

A.13 Reduce use of fossil fuels in council buildings

Reduction in council energy derived from fossil fuels

Secure target reduction council energy derived from fossil fuels

Mar 2015 Policy and Projects

A.14 Secure 10% reduction in NO2, PM10, CO2 from major commercial fleet operations in Brent

20% reduction secured Determine baseline for fleet operators selected Devise Action Plans for achieving target Monitor progress with Action plan

Mar 2015 Transportation

A.15 Lobby to increase awareness of the disconnect between current air quality licensing controls and National Air Quality targets

Improvement measures identified and addressed

Work with Stakeholders/ Partners to identify key issues Determine mechanism for reporting

Mar 2012 Environmental Health


LAQM USA 2012 35

5 Conclusions and Proposed Actions

This Air Quality Progress Report for 2010 fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance (PG09) and the LAQM.TG(09) guidance and has updated monitoring results for pollutants in the Borough. There have been no significant changes to air quality since the last detailed assessment and updating and screening assessment were undertaken. Benzene, ozone, carbon monoxide, and sulphur dioxide monitored in each area meet the air quality strategy targets levels. The current monitoring results continue to indicate that the Government’s current air quality objectives for NO2 and PM10 are being exceeded widely at locations in the AQMA where there is relevant public exposure. Further reviews will be required to determine whether it is necessary to continue monitoring of sulphur dioxide and benzene and whether to consider diverting resources from the Brent 1 background site to improve air quality monitoring in other exceedence areas. The council has reviewed and drafted a new air quality action plan for 2011-2015 in order to ensure that climate change and potential impacts are incorporated into the plan where appropriate and ensure that action plan measures remain timely and relevant. The Council intends to conduct a further assessment to confirm the previous assessment of air quality in the revised air quality management area. This assessment will enable the Council to quantify the air quality improvement required to meet the air quality objectives in these areas and ensure that appropriate action plan measures are implemented to address them.

The London Borough of Brent can confirm that no local committed development is predicted to increase the concentration levels of any pollutant listed in the regulation that would cause an exceedence of any National Air Quality Objective. Therefore there is no need to proceed to a detailed assessment on this basis. The south of the borough has already been declared an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) on the basis of exceedences of PM10 and NO2 objectives. The assessment of new or significantly changed sources did not identify any potential exceedences outside of the existing AQMA.

The London Borough of Brent will finalise and implement the Air Quality Action Plan 2011-2015 in relation to improving local air quality. This final version will be submitted to DEFRA shortly this year (2012) for comments.


36

6 References

Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928). Environmental Protection, England. 2000. http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-TG-(09)-Dec-12.pdf Current Air Quality Management Areas of Brent: http://www.brent.gov.uk/media/1001643/AQMAs%20in%20Brent.pdf Defra 2009c Air Quality Archive www.airquality.co.uk Defra, air quality reports Helpdesk, available at http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/helpdesks.html Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe (PDF): http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:152:0001:0044:EN:PDF Part IV of the Environment Act 1995. Local Air Quality Management, Revised Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(09), February 2009 http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-TG-%2809%29-Dec-12.pdf Part IV of the Environment Act 1995. Local Air Quality Management. Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09) February 2009. http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-TG-%2809%29-Dec-12.pdf The Air Quality Standards Regulations 2007: http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2007/uksi_20070064_en_1 The London Air quality Network: http://www.londonair.org.uk/london/asp/default.asp?la_id=&showbulletins=&width=1024 UK Air Quality Objectives for protection of human health: http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/standards.php West London Air Quality Group http://www.westlondonalliance.org/WLA/wla.nsf/Pages/WLA-31

Appendices

Appendix A: QA/QC Data Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors National Bias adjustment factor was used for the nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube across borough survey (March 2013 Version). The reason for this is that the continuous monitoring analyser where nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes are co-located had a low data capture for 2012. Therefore there was not enough data for the calendar year 2011 in order to determine a representative local bias adjustment factor from this site.

http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-TG-(09)-Dec-12.pdf

http://www.brent.gov.uk/media/1001643/AQMAs%20in%20Brent.pdf

http://www.airquality.co.uk/

http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/helpdesks.html

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:152:0001:0044:EN:PDF

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:152:0001:0044:EN:PDF

http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-TG-%2809%29-Dec-12.pdf

http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-TG-%2809%29-Dec-12.pdf

http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2007/uksi_20070064_en_1

http://www.londonair.org.uk/london/asp/default.asp?la_id=&showbulletins=&width=1024

http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/standards.php

http://www.westlondonalliance.org/WLA/wla.nsf/Pages/WLA-31


LAQM USA 2012 37

The diffusion tubes are analysed by Gradko International Ltd and the preparation method uses 50% TEA in Acetone. The national bias adjustment tool found 18 studies using the bias adjustment factor spreadsheet that suggests applying a correction factor of 1.01 to diffusion tubes throughout London Borough of Brent for the year 2012. See Figure A1. Figure A1. National Bias Adjustment Factor

Diffusion Tube results for 2012 Jan to Dec:

ID Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Data

cap %

Result 2012 adjusted with the National

Bias Adjustment

factor March 2012: Gradko

1.01

1 43.3 50.8 48.8 37.7 34.3 32.0 37.9 35.2 39.2 40.0 49.6 46.2 100 37.9

2 51.4 54.7 59.2 41.9 43.4 33.3 38.6 39.4 35.1 47.5 54.9 49.4 100 42.2

4 45.0 49.5 62.2 36.9 39.4 31.5 34.2 35.5 58.3 45.5 55.0 51.8 100 41.8

7 69.8 65.2 83.7 58.0 66.1 51.7 63.4 63.6 41.3 63.1 75.7 70.7 100 59.7

9 61.0 58.3 62.8 47.8 43.3 38.4 47.4 40.8 45.6 46.0 53.4 54.2 100 46.6

17 52.9 63.2 62.5 45.4 46.7 52.6 53.0 52.0 52.8 55.9 72.9 62.4 100 52.8

21A 54.9 53.4 56.5 41.9 39.1 36.6 42.8 43.2 41.8 46.5 55.7 48.5 100 47.1

22 57.9 79.7 71.3 54.2 39.1 47.8 53.4 51.5 53.2 59.2 M 62.0 92 54.1

23 102.

4 122.

5 94.5

109.6

82.1 80.1 92.5 95.2 90.8 98.1 111.

6 105.

7 100 92.8

26 70.4 71.5 71.6 57.2 49.0 55.9 62.2 62.9 62.4 68.7 M M 83 60.4

29 78.1 79.9 96.3 78.0 85.2 70.9 81.4 70.9 71.7 76.9 82.0 74.3 100 75.8

30 74.2 71.1 73.9 65.6 73.6 53.5 66.4 63.1 68.2 M NL 56.9 83 64.6

41 59.3 72.9 74.7 M 57.2 53.7 63.7 68.5 59.3 67.3 53.6 69.5 92 61.6

48 89.8 86.9 83.3 61.6 74.7 67.8 75.1 73.6 90.0 78.5 80.8 M 92 76.6


38

53 59.6 63.3 74.3 58.3 57.7 60.3 85.3 82.5 61.7 60.5 78.3 65.6 100 66.9

54 56.7 54.3 57.0 M 34.4 36.8 46.8 43.9 46.8 49.8 60.4 56.3 92 49.7

33A 27.9 29.7 36.3 20.3 20.4 17.5 14.1 21.5 18.8 25.9 36.1 31.8 100 24.7

52A 98.5 96.8 112.

9 91.2 98.5 92.7

106.4

104.6

100.3

106.0

112.2

90.3 100 102.8

52B 93.4 109.

8 115.

9 99.3

100.4

91.4 99.1 101.

0 94.3

104.0

116.6

86.9 100 103.3

52C 96.8 110.

4 113.

2 111.

0 96.9 78.0

103.2

102.5

94.2 94.3 111.

7 76.8 100 102.1

BRT 42

43.8 55.8 57.1 37.0 42.4 35.9 39.7 39.3 36.7 46.8 56.6 47.6 100 45.1

BRT 43

65.6 77.6 76.2 54.2 56.3 53.5 58.9 65.8 61.9 65.4 64.1 67.0 100 64.2

BRT 53

55.1 57.7 65.2 49.3 54.9 48.2 M 85.7 70.6 73.7 81.5 71.1 92 64.8

BRT 55

66.1 78.8 87.0 83.3 84.8 62.1 80.7 69.1 66.8 71.9 79.0 66.2 100 76.2

BRT 56

86.2 81.4 80.9 75.8 71.5 54.8 69.9 70.3 70.0 76.1 81.8 78.8 100 75.2

BRT 57

94.2 96.9 113.

8 69.8 96.5 87.0

108.0

110.2

104.5

96.2 120.

6 96.3 100 100.8

BRT 58

72.1 71.5 80.5 63.8 58.7 55.8 70.2 63.9 65.3 67.4 73.5 66.5 100 68.2

PM Monitoring Adjustment The Particulate Matter monitoring data collected from the TEOMs being used within the borough was adjusted to gravimetric equivalent using the 1.3 correction factor for all data collected up until the begin of 2008. From 2008 the volatile Correction Method (VCM) has been used to correct the data.

Short-term to Long-term Data adjustment Estimation of NO2 annual mean concentrations from a low data capture monitoring data. The adjustment has been conducted using data from four nearby, long term, continuous monitoring sites. These are background sites from: City of London , Kensinton&Chelsea and Harrows sites.

For BT6 (Harlesden):

Long term site Site Type annual mean 2012

(Am) Period Mean Ratio (Am/Pm)

City of London – Sir john Cass School

Urban Background

46.9 45.0 1.04

Kensinton&Chelsea-North Ken

Urban Background

36.0 34.4 1.04

Harrow - Stanmore Background 24.7 22.8 1.08

Average (R2) 1.05

M x R2 = 43.1

QA/QC of automatic monitoring The fortnightly local site operator duties and associated calibrations for all sites are conducted by the Local Site Operator. The data ratification and display of results to a publicly


LAQM USA 2012 39

accessible website for this site were carried out by the Environmental Research Group (ERG) at King’s College London on behalf of the London Borough of Brent.

QA/QC of diffusion tube monitoring In the most recent round of Annual Performance Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in LAQM, the Gradko Environmental laboratory demonstrated good performance in a QA/QC scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes. Gradko International also participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP), which is an independent analytical performance testing scheme. The scheme is an important QA/QC exercise for laboratories supplying diffusion tubes to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM). The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories, which pay an annual fee to HSL. Their NO2 diffusion tube procedures have been amended to follow the guidelines of the DEFRA Harmonisation document related to the preparation, extraction, analysis and calculation procedures for NO2 passive diffusion tubes. As most of the procedures were already carried the out before the introduction of the Guidelines, the amendments are minimal. Their internal analysis procedures are assessed by U.K.A.S. on an annual basis for compliance to ISO17025. Z-Score performance Performance scores are currently based upon the z-score statistic, a widely used scoring system employed in chemical proficiency testing. More detailed information is available at http://www.hsl.gov.uk/centres-of-excellence/proficiency-testing-schemes/wasp.aspx where the latest version of the WASP participant handbook (February 2013) can be downloaded. Laboratory summary performance for WASP NO2 The following table shows that in 2012 Gradko International as a UK laboratory has participated in HSL WASP NO2 PT rounds and the percentage (%) of results submitted were subsequently determined to be satisfactory based upon a z-above.

WASP Round

WASP R116

WASP R117

WASP R118

WASP R119

Round conducted in the

period

January–March 2012

April–June 2012

July–September 2012

October– December 2012

Gradko International

100% 100% 100% 100%

http://www.hsl.gov.uk/centres-of-excellence/proficiency-testing-schemes/wasp.aspx

Documents

2013 Air Quality Progress Report for London Borough of Brent€¦ · London Borough of Brent Progress Report v Appendices Appendix 1 QA/QC Data List of Tables Table 1.1 Air Quality