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German and Austrian Red Cross Earthquake Haiti Recovery Programme Description (Original version in German from May 2010; revised and translated into English in April 2012) Background Information Haiti already declared independence from France in 1804, has however since struggled with political unrest, violence, insecurity and poverty. It is according to the UN´s Human Development Index the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere with deep inequalities between rich and poor. Before the earthquake, nearly 80% of the Haitian population lived below the poverty line (2 USD per day), and 56% of the population lived below the extreme poverty line with less than 1 USD per day.1 On January 12, 2010 at 4:52 pm an earthquake of 7.0 on the Richter scale struck the country devastating parts of the capital Port au Prince and its surrounding areas. The epicenter of the earthquake was close to the city of Leogane, of which 80 to 90 % were destroyed. Earthquake Intensity Map of Haiti
The earthquake and subsequent aftershocks caused the loss of more than 220.000 lives, while more than 300,000 people were injured (including more than 2.000 amputees). The damage has affected over 3 million people of whom an estimated 2 million have been displaced. Approximately 1,5 million of themlive in several hundred temporary settlements in areas directly affected by the earthquake. More than 600,000 people have left town in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, mostly staying with host families elsewhere in the country or else in camps, but have been slowly returning
1IFRC (2010). Haiti: from tragedy to opportunity. Special report, one month on, February 2010.
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to Port au Prince mainly due to assistance being delivered in town. The above numbers continue to change due to population movements to, from and between urban camps and other regions. As the extent of the disaster is enormous, so are the challenges for relief and recovery, particularly given that a large part of the response is taking place in an impoverished, densely populated, urban context. The onset of the rainy and hurricane season has complicated the situation and humanitarian organizations are confronted with a multitude of needs. The Haiti earthquake operation is the biggest single‐country operation of the RCRC Movement in history. 21 Emergency Response Units (ERUs) have been deployed to Haiti and the HRCS has so far received support from more than 50 Sister National Societies and over 900 delegates.
The Needs
The relief phase for Haiti was extended to the end of the year due to the onset of the rainy season in April, which turns into a hurricane season between June and November of the year. Through the onset of rains, the population living in camps has become particularly vulnerable and there is an increased immediate need to increase shelter and sanitation capacities in camps. At this stage, the Austrian and German Red Cross humanitarian action responding to a multitude of needs consists of four pillars:
Responding to the middle and longer term needs caused by the earthquake and providing necessary support to the affected population
Preparing for and responding to the upcoming hurricane season
Planning and implementation for the recovery phase to re‐establish lives and livelihoods
Building the capacity of the communities and the national partner, the HRCS, to be able to implement the operation and to ensure sustainability of the services.
Immediate needs: Assessments of the Austrian and German Red Cross, as well as the ones carried out by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (International Federation) and the international community shared through UNOCHA, have prioritized shelter and sanitation as an immediate need for the displaced communities. Whereas the communities have been provided with emergency shelter in form of tents, tarpaulins and tool kits, the rainy season will require more stable shelters in the sort of transitional shelters. The same counts for the area of sanitation for which the provided emergency latrines will have to be upgraded and accompanied with intensive hygiene promotion trainings in order to avoid the outbreak of epidemics. The provision of safe drinking water remains a priority, whereas the focus has to shift from the provision through water trucking to repairing own water sources.
Emergency shelter camp, village of L’Acul Water testing, village of L’Acul
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School has started in the beginning of April; however, according to information from the field, most schools are private schools without the necessary means to start schooling. As parents have lost their source of livelihood, most families cannot afford to pay the school fee and thus have not sent their children to attend class. Thus, there is an immediate need to support schools to start transitional schooling. Mid to Longer‐term needs Various assessments, amongst others the International Federation’s Recovery Assessment in March, have identified that the creation and provision of employment is prioritized by the affected population to regain personal and economic independence and to re‐establish lives. In order to prepare the population for future disasters and to support them in gaining more self‐capacity, there is a need for community‐based work, amongst others, in the areas of First Aid or disaster preparedness trainings. Longer‐term needs also include support for reconstruction of damaged or destroyed infrastructure and houses, which will be prioritized after the immediate shelter needs for the rainy season are covered. During all phases, special needs of children, women, single mothers, the elderly and disabled, as well as single headed households will be taken into account, especially when there is a need for prioritization amongst community members (selection criteria). Coordination and partnership
The recovery programme under the lead of the German RC is being implemented together with the
Haitian Red Cross (HRCS). The cooperation between AutRC and GRC was finalized after talks in Haiti
and Berlin and is based on the experience of German RC in Haiti and good past co‐operations. The
joint recovery programme of GRC and AutRC is part of the whole support of the RC/RC Movement in
Haiti.
International Organisations in Leogane, Haiti
In Leogane, regular cluster coordination meetings take place where active NGOs are present. These
cluster meetings exist for shelter and WatSan (WASH). Further meetings regarding the security
situation and a general information exchange are taking place (organised by OCHA, the UN office for
coordination). In relevant Meetings for the program (for shelter, WatSan etc.) delegates and/or
national employees participate. Currently, there are no coordination meetings on the topic of
livelihood.
Description of the Recovery Programme:
The programme purpose is the rehabilitation of selected earthquake‐affected villages West of Port‐
au‐Prince in a sustainable way. Therefore, the joint GRC/AutRC recovery programme in Haiti follows
a holistic approach. In addition to the shelter component, the population receives water and
sanitation facilities, social and communal infrastructure (for example: schools and community
centers) are rehabilitated, initiatives for livelihood are implemented and First Aid, as well as DRR
trainings are conducted. Furthermore, the local Red Cross is strengthened. All together, 3.000
Households benefit from the joint programme.
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The programme area is the region between Leogane and Miragoane – with the option to extend the
area further to support communities outside the earthquake area where affected families have
settled down.
The following communities have been identified for the recovery programme since the programme
started in May 2010: Bellevue/Corail, Morne Barbo, Haute Lácule, Tchawa, Kolokolo, Sous de Baba,
Rosseau, Godé, Kran and Jean‐Congo.
The community L’Acul is located approximately a 15 minutes drive West of Leogane (GPS: N18
26’49.7”/W072 40’37.0) and was completely destroyed after the earthquake. The selection of 10
communities was done in close cooperation with the mayor of Leogane and international
coordination mechanisms (shelter cluster). 2.000 families have been selected and 1.000 families
were supported with ECHO funds right after the emergency. These 1.000 ECHO houses have been
provided with latrines and are currently being upgraded into a more permanent structure.
Partners in Haiti: In order to ensure that the recovery programme in Haiti be as sustainable and
efficient as possible, GRC together with the AutRC formed a consortium. GRC is continuously present
in Haiti since 2003 and is planning to keep on working in the country for the foreseeable future.
Therefore, the AutRC had a good opportunity to continue working in Haiti after the emergency
phase. Within the consortium, the German Red Cross has the lead for the overall programme,
whereas the AutRC has the technical lead in the WatSan component, which includes the provision of
delegates for the whole programme duration for this component. Further, the AutRC is financially
contributing to all programme components.
The Haitian Red Cross (HNRCS) is the largest national aid organisation in Haiti and the local partner of
the GRC/AutRC consortium. HNRCS is working according to the RC/RC principles and has a
longstanding tradition of voluntary work. HNRCS has also been affected very much by the earthquake
and is currently supported by the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement.
Programme duration: May 2010 until May 2013
The recovery programme is expected to last until May 2013, whereas the GRC is planning to be
present in Haiti even thereafter.
Challenges could arise if the government is restricted in its capacities to lead the recovery efforts.
This mainly has consequences for decisions on landtitles and land registration, compensations for
renters, as well as general specifications for the recovery.
In May 2011, the new government has been elected and President Martelly is putting efforts into
building up structures. Yet, the rain and hurricane season (June to November) expose the affected
population to big risks and the humanitarian community faces challenges to support Haiti beyond the
emergency phase (security situation, health problems, cholera prevention – to name a few).
The whole programme budget of GRC/AutRC is EUR 15.8 Millions.
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Programme components:
Transitional / Core Shelter
Specific Objective: To provide approximately 2.000 most vulnerable earthquake‐affected families with midterm transitional shelters (at least 3 years durability) that allow for privacy and protection during the rainy and hurricane season. The provision of transitional / core shelter bridges the gap between the emergency shelters provided in the first relief phase and the final reconstruction of permanent living space, providing a mid‐term solution lasting from several months to at least three years. Core shelter usually refers to a type of shelter, which has a minimum structure and can be amended or expanded at a later stage to a more permanent structure. Timeframe for this objective: 24 months from May 2010
Expected results Activities planned
Villages / Beneficiaries are identified Material is available on site Site is prepared The community is prepared to build shelters themselves with technical support
Conduct needs assessments in villages in the focus region Register beneficiaries according to selection criteria and verify lists
through HRCS volunteers and local authorities Procure shelter material (mostly from abroad)
Transport and store material in the focus region Train community members as technical support teams Construct model shelter
Clear land ‐ if possible through food / cash for work Distribute construction material to registered beneficiaries
The construction approach is based on experiences following the natural disasters in Haiti of 2004 and 2008, and works upon the distribution of necessary materials and tools, and the provision of training and technical support for the beneficiaries. The beneficiaries themselves are carrying out most of the work in clearing the site, preparing the materials and erecting the shelter according to a standard design that provides coverage and protection. Appropriate fixing techniques and good foundations ensure a maximum degree of resistance to heavy winds. A floor of rough concrete provides minimum hygiene conditions.
The shelter solution was coordinated and discussed in the different Shelter Cluster and RC Movement coordination meetings to ensure agreed standards and to avoid duplication in the action. The shelter provides a room of 18.5 m² covered space. Beneficiaries can easily add a roof extension or an additional room, e.g. for a cooking area. Since most families have a rural background, there is still a lot of material on their site that can be used for additions. The basic set includes the wooden structure, corrugated zinc sheets for the roof, cement, nails, wire and a kit of tools essential for the construction. A pedestal of approx. 50 cm made of bricks or cement blocks can be added to separate the lighter material from the floor and the humidity, making it more durable and adding safety and cleanliness to the inner space by isolating it better from the exterior. For the walls, flexible solutions are possible according to local availability and preference of the beneficiaries. Locally produced palm leave‐panels can be used as well as plywood or plastic sheeting (palm leaves might not be available in these quantities everywhere).
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Each community will provide skilled members, like carpenters, to act as trainers. In the beginning, a training of trainers will be conducted and some sample shelters will be erected. Groups of approx. 10 families in each community are formed to assist each other during the construction process. The trainers and volunteers will assist them and give more technical advice. Vulnerable families should be taken care of by the group. For the site clearance, a rubble removal kit can be provided including crow bar, gloves and wheelbarrows, which could be shared within the community. In a cash‐for‐work approach big rubble sites can be cleared, sites with minor debris should be cleared by the beneficiaries themselves. Specific work stages, which can be carried out in community work, will probably be compensated by a cash‐for‐work system to add a small livelihood component for a population who has not only lost their houses, but in many cases also their working places and income options. Within the focus region, the village of L’Acul – approx. a 15 minutes drive to the West of Leogane (GPS: N18 26’49.7”/W072 40’37.0) – was identified as a pilot village and work has started for the construction of 1.000 Transitional shelters (with ECHO funds, hence, outside of the recovery programme). The provision of water and sanitation in order to provide necessary protection from the rainy season was financed by the recovery programme.
Training of villagers to build shelters Model temporary shelter, village of L’Acul
The beneficiary selection in the village was carried out by the shelter delegate of the German Red Cross in cooperation with volunteers from the HRCS and members of the community based on a standardized assessment form. The list, which was initially provided by the community members, was verified by the Red Cross and further verified and cross‐checked by the mayor’s office in Leogane. In the course of the coming months, the Austrian and German Red Cross will identify additional villages in the surrounding area for transitional and rehabilitation support.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene promotion (WASH)
Specific Objective: To provide access to safe water, adequate sanitation, as well as hygiene promotion
in those communities who have been selected for shelter support in order to reduce the risk of water‐
related diseases on the family level. The water and sanitation program will be implemented in a participatory way together with the communities. Entry point for working with the communities will be hygiene promotion trainings, which are of great importance during the rainy / hurricane season and the cholera peak. The WASH component complements the shelter component (transitional and permanent) of the program.
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Timeframe: 3 years starting in May 2010
Expected results Activities planned
The community shows changed personal and communal hygiene behaviour Through coordination with others, the community has access to safe water Water sources and systems in the villages are repaired or newly developed Appropriate sanitation is available for the targeted families The communities have full ownership of the provided facilities and know how to maintain them
Carry out detailed technical assessment and KAP survey
Carry out hygiene trainings for at least 3.000 families Carry out hygiene promotion activities in all schools of the target
communities
Carry out awareness campaigns by door to door activities Ensure (in cooperation with others) the provision of safe drinking
water in the communities
Rehabilitate or build water systems, such as wells, water catchment systems, including reservoirs and pipes, or washing platforms, etc.
if possible, develop small rural water systems including the development of communal maintenance plans
form and train dedicated water committees where it is requested Train family (latrines will be maintained by the respective families)
water committees and connect them to existing sources and structures to maintain the communal water facilities
Support families with material and technical know‐how to construct and maintain latrines
To instruct and supervise craftsmen of the communities to construct the latrines.
If feasible, train community members in WatSan related skills, preferably together with specialized vocational training institutions
In order to ensure a comprehensive approach, the Austrian and German Red Cross will provide Water and Sanitation for those communities selected for shelter activities. The component will be technically led and implemented by the Austrian Red Cross and its delegates and build on the expertise of the AutRC ERU.
Provision of emergency latrines, village of L’Acul provision of safe water, Leogane
It is planned to start a participatory planning process with the communities through hygiene promotion trainings and to then develop detailed activity plans, which reflect cultural practices and inputs from the
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communities. Culturally adapted solutions for sanitation, which provide minimum hygienic standards based on Sphere, will be constructed with the workforce from the community. Immediate priority for the WASH programme will be the repair of community water sources and latrines for the rainy/hurricane season. Starting from the end of 2010, permanent solutions at the community level (e.g. community wells, rural water sources, washing platforms), as well as at the household level (family latrines and wells) will be provided along with the construction of permanent shelters. WatSan related on the job training for community members will be organized to implement the programme and to open the path for increased livelihood opportunities to the beneficiaries.
The Water component, which includes hygiene promotion, complements all activities in the shelter sector and supports 3.000 families (1.000 households have already been supported/equipped under the GRC ECHO T‐shelter programme, the WASH component of the joint programme is supporting/ensuring the water component). To ensure the sanitary supply in all communities, additional latrines will be provided in some communities. In total, 3.000 latrines will be built by the end of the joint programme. Hygiene promotion trainings are important to ensure diseases are avoided and no new infections are spread. The health awareness of the population is changing due to increased hygiene knowledge.
Reconstruction of communal and social infrastructure
Specific Objective: To rehabilitate selected communal or social buildings (i.e. schools, kindergartens, community centres, health posts, etc.) in the focus region to strengthen the capacities of communities In order to ensure a comprehensive approach, focus for reconstruction of infrastructure will be in those villages, where the shelter & WASH programme is implemented. As practised before the earthquake, running and maintenance costs of the facilities will remain under the responsibility of the local authorities or the communities. Timeframe: 3 years starting May 2010 Planned activities
Identify damaged or destroyed communal or social infrastructure objects together with the local authorities
Immediately support transitional measures to ensure operation, e.g. transitional schooling
Develop an operating and maintenance plan with the community and the local authorities to ensure an exit strategy for the RC/RC
Re‐construct infrastructure together with the support of the community and the local authorities
Only 20 % of the schools in Haiti are public schools. The rest of the schools are run privately through donations or school fees, and are often not obliged to follow a national curriculum. According to the Human Development Index 2009 (UNDP), 37,9 % of the adults (ages 15 and above) in Haiti are illiterate. The Ministry of Education of Haiti reported that 4.700 schools were damaged or destroyed by the earthquake. School has officially re‐started in early April 2010; however, many principles do not have the financial means or equipment to start class, while many parents do not have the money to pay school fees, as they have lost
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their sources of income. In addition, many children were displaced and are, thus, not in their usual environment allowing them to return to their school. Going to school is not only essential to get an education. At this stage, schooling also provides the necessary change and environment for those children, who have been traumatised by the earthquake and have had no other option during the past 3 months than to spend long days with their parents organising their survival. The Austrian and German Red Cross plan to support communities in the focus area with the reconstruction of schools (both public and private) and kindergartens, if the latter was assessed necessary. In order to support the start of schooling, the programme will also support transitional schooling with necessary shelter material and schooling equipment. Community centres will be constructed together with the beneficiaries to provide a space for common activities. In case of disasters, these community centres could be used as safe houses and would, thus, avoid the use of schools and the interruption of education that goes with it. In addition, together with the local authorities, assessments will be carried out to rehabilitate small community health posts, which can provide local health solutions to the communities by Government health workers.
Red Cross volunteers support children in camps Emergency schooling in the village of L’Acul
Livelihoods support
Specific Objective: To provide all selected communities with livelihood support to regain their economic independence. Livelihood activities are primarily incorporated in the Shelter and WatSan activities and might be expanded based upon problems / needs in the villages, including cash distributions. The provision of Red Cross services will support the communities in gaining additional self‐help capacities for emergencies or disasters and will be based on identified needs in the communities. Timeframe: 1,5 years starting February 2012 Planned activities
Organise skills trainings in the area of construction and water and sanitation (e.g. carpentry, masonry, plumbing)
Assess other household income options and provide necessary trainings / equipment / funds (including cash distributions)
Support the local branches of the HRCS to strengthen their capacities (e.g. construction and equipment of branch building, training & retaining of volunteers, etc.)
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Support the local branches to carry out traditional community‐based Red Cross activities, i.e. First Aid and Disaster Preparedness
Define activities based on VCA and KAP surveys
Experience of the Tsunami recovery phase has shown that the involvement of the local Red Cross is of utmost importance in order to ensure that activities carried out in villages can be sustained, that the communities have a local counter‐part when the operation of the Austrian and German Red Cross is phased out, and that capacities of the communities are built through local RC branches. Livelihood interventions will include skills‐trainings, but also cash distributions, to support members of the communities to regain their economic independence. The interventions will, however, need to be embedded into the larger initiative of the Government and the international community to rebuild the country and its economy (see GoH Plan of Action). Based on VCA and KAP survey, suitable interventions will be identified and included into the recovery programme. The communities´ capacities will be further strengthened and supported by Red Cross workers. In Leogane, HNRCS does not have a presence (this was already the case before the earthquake) since the region was seen as economically strong. The region is the country’s main producer of fruits and vegetables, as well as rum which is exported (32% of the rum export is from Leogane). The earthquake has impacted the region very much – the epicentre was located just below Leogane and many companies and factories were destroyed which has huge consequences for the export. Unemployment is another consequence for many inhabitants of Leogane.
HRCS volunteer providing aid after the earthquake
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Water point in L’Acul
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
Specific objective: The resilience and disaster preparedness of the vulnerable target communities in the districts of Leogane and Gressier to react in time and adequately to earthquakes as well as climate related hazards like storms, hurricanes and floods is strengthened Altogether approximately 30.000 people are reached. Time frame: 3 years, starting in May 2010 Expected results Planned Activities
1. The population of 10 communities is better informed about natural hazards and climate change, able to evacuate in time and to respond in an effective way in case of earthquakes, storms, hurricanes and floods in coordination with Haitian Red Cross and Civil Protection
Realize sensitization and awareness campaigns (using Radio, Print Media and SMS) to inform communities better about natural hazards, related risks, their protection and prevention possibilities
Realize one VCA training for volunteers in Leogane and Gressier respectively
Realize one VCA in each of the 10 communities
Based on the VCA results create risk maps for each of the 10 communities
Implement First Aid Trainings in each community Establish at least one CDRT in each of the 10 communities and
provide basic equipment
Implement two specialized trainings for the CDRTs focussing on early warning and emergency response
Develop an emergency plan for each community and link it up with HRC and Civil Protection
Signpost evacuation routes, safe places and dangerous zones in line with the evacuation plans
Carry out one evacuation drill per community
Provide Leaflets (sticker) with plastic wallet for keeping documents safe for 3000 families
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2. The vulnerability of 10
communities is reduced by the mitigation of disaster risks and the sharing of best practice examples
3. The teachers and school students in 10 target communities are familiarized with potential natural hazards, the impact of earthquakes and climate change and the appropriate behaviour before, during and after disaster situations
Conduct a KAP on local practices and initiatives in each community
Based on the outcome of the KAP and VCAs identify relevant mitigation activities in each community
Carry out at least one mitigation activity per community by the local population
Ensure maintenance of mitigation works by the established CDRTs
Arrange peer experience exchange meetings with HRCNS representatives and Civil Protection across the districts
Systematize learning experience and best practice and produce information materials for dissemination
Carry out trainings for teachers from each community on safe school principle and first aid
Equip the selected schools with teaching material Implement information and awareness raising campaigns at all
selected schools Develop emergency plans for all selected schools including safe
areas and evacuation routes Carry out at least 2 simulation drills in each selected school
Develop and conduct a pre and post test in order to measure the impact of the trainings and awareness building activities for teachers and students
The Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction project of the GRC/AutRC Recovery Programme aims to contribute to the reduction of negative effects on the population through earthquakes and climate related hazards in vulnerable areas in Haiti. As part of the support to the Haitian Red Cross Disaster Risk Reduction strategy, developed after the 2010 earthquake, the GRC/AutRC is focused on 10 hurricane prone areas. At the end of the project, it is expected that more than 80% of the population in the project communities is aware of earthquakes and climate related hazards like storms, hurricanes and floods. In order to identify the high‐risk areas and self‐help capacities inside the community, one VCA will be carried out in each community. In line with the national strategy of the HRC, 10 community disaster response teams will be created, trained and equipped in each community. This community structure is the key element of the project in order to guarantee the sustainability of the actions. One emergency plan is developed and one evacuation drill is carried out in each of the target communities, these activities are lead by the CDRT in close coordination and cooperation with the HRC and the Department of Civil Protection. As part of the structural measures of the project, at least one mitigation activity will be carried out in each community.
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Given the high vulnerability of children, the project has a school component that aims that all target schools develop an emergency plan by the end of the project that points out the potential hazards for the students and clear evacuation routes. At least 24 teachers of the 10 project communities are mobilized and trained in safe school principle / first aid and at least 2 mock drills are carried out in all target schools. Experience of GRC: The German Red Cross has supported the HNRCS since 2003 and has established a permanent presence in 2008 after a series of hurricanes. The focus of the engagement of the GRC was on DRR and capacity building of the HNRCS. After the earthquake 2010 the GRC immediately responded with relief activities and deployed 2 ERUs – a basic health care unit and a field hospital. Due to GRC´s presence and experience in Haiti it was feasible for AutRC to partner for the recovery programme. Experience of AutRC: In response to the hurricanes of 2008, the AutRC contributed to the response activities of the International Federation and the HRCS by deploying delegates to the IT & Telecom ERU to Haiti. Immediately after the earthquake, the AutRC deployed an ERU (Mass Sanitation) to Haiti to be part of the International Federation’s/HNRCS response. 2 AutRC experts for shelter and WatSan also participated in the International Federation’s recovery assessment carried out in March. AutRC relief items have been distributed via the International Federation and the ICRC.
First Aid Training ToT – November 2011
Budget summary
See attached budget (Annex 1) for details.
Contact information
For further information specifically related to this operation please contact:
In Germany: German Red Cross, Ms.Maja Katharina Hild, Haiti Desk, email: [email protected]; phone: +49 30 85404‐169
In Austria: Austrian Red Cross, Ms. Martha Wirtenberger, Haiti Desk, email: [email protected]; phone: +43 1 58900‐701
In Haiti:
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Mr. Christoph Andres, Programme Coordinator Leogane, email: [email protected] Ms. Astrid Nissen, Country Representative German Red Cross, email: [email protected]