AOTA PD/AFC Conference 2012

Fieldwork Education Systematic Mapping Review

Michael Roberts, MS, OTR/L AFC, Tufts University

Overview

• Barb Hooper, PhD, OTR, FAOTA from the

Center for Occupational Therapy Education at

Colorado State University

• Wendy Wood PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA and Robin

King, MS, OTR: contributing authors

• Fieldwork component

“Demographics”

• 143 publications from 1990-2008

• 124 articles in peer-reviewed journals

• 75 articles qualify as research (“defined

methods, results, systematic research

approach”)

“Demographics”

Research participants’ location

(research articles only):

U.S. 26 34.7%

Canada 16 21.3%

Australia 15 20.0%

Great Britain 12 16.0%

Other 6 8.0%

“Demographics”

Research participants’ location

(all articles):

U.S. 50 40.3%

Canada 21 16.9%

Australia 23 18.5%

Great Britain 22 17.7%

Other 8 6.5%

“Demographics”

Research Percentage by Location:

Research Percentage

U.S. 52.0%

Canada 76.2%

Australia 65.2%

Great Britain 54.5%

Other 75.0%

Distribution of research by subject

OT and OTA (not mutually exclusive)

Level I or Level II (not mutually exclusive)

Focus of Paper All Articles Research Articles

OT 105 84.7% 63 84.0%

OTA 13 10.5% 2 2.7%

Other 31 25.0% 16 21.3%

Focus of Paper All Articles Research Articles

Level II 86 69.4% 49 65.3%

Level I 28 22.6% 15 20.0%

Distribution of research by subject

Setting/Practice (not mutually exclusive):

Focus of Paper All Articles Research Articles

Alt. Models 52 41.9% 29 38.7%

Emerging 25 20.2% 14 18.7%

Mental Health 24 19.4% 17 22.7%

Comm. Placement 21 16.9% 11 14.7%

Hospital/Med 12 9.7% 8 10.7%

“Research Percentage”

Percentage of articles by Subject which qualify as

research articles:

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

Research percentage

Article types

Is this qualitative?

Qualitative Method type:

Yes 47 62.7%

No 28 37.3%

Audit/Program Eval. 53.2%

Phenomenology 27.7%

Action-based 8.5%

Unclear 8.5%

Narrative 4.3%

Ethnography 2.1%

Article Types

Is this quantitative?

Quantitative Method Type:

Yes 49 65.3%

No 26 34.7%

Survey Research 79.6%

Single group/cohort 20.4%

Cross-Sectional 2.0%

Multiple groups 2.0%

Article Types

Mixed Methods?

Systematic Reviews?

Yes 22 29.3%

No 53 70.7%

Yes 0

No 75

Data collection methods

for research articles

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Primary focus of articles

Primary focus of articles

Curriculum

Primarily Curriculum if the paper specifically

describes and/or studies a particular approach to

curriculum or course design, philosophy, or course

sequence.

Focus of

Paper

All Articles

(n=124)

Research Articles

(n=75)

Research % by

focus

Curriculum 51 41.1% 25 33.3% 49.0%

Low

SOF

Low

SOF %

Medium

SOF

Medium

SOF %

High

SOF

High

SOF %

6 24.0% 13 52.0% 6 24.0%

Curricular themes addressed

(n=112)

Course or FW design 76 67.9%

Curriculum Design 36 32.1%

Curriculum content 31 27.7%

Meeting Accreditation Standards 27 24.1%

Other 24 21.4%

Outcome Predictor 6 5.4%

Degree Programs 3 2.7%

Retention 1 0.9%

Students learning/perspectives

Primarily Student if addresses student learning,

student perspectives, or student outcomes.

Focus of

Paper

All Articles

(n=124)

Research

Articles (n=75)

Research %

by focus

Student 32 25.8% 26 34.7% 81.3%

Low

SOF

Low

SOF %

Medium

SOF

Medium

SOF %

High

SOF

High

SOF %

9 34.6% 6 23.1% 11 42.3%

Area of student learning addressed

(n=117)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Teaching

Primarily Teaching if focused on teaching

techniques and specific teaching method

described

Focus of

Paper

All Articles

(n=124)

Research

Articles (n=75)

Research %

by focus

Teaching 13 10.5% 6 8.0% 46.2%

Low

SOF

Low

SOF %

Medium

SOF

Medium

SOF %

High

SOF

High

SOF %

3 50.0% 2 33.3% 1 16.7%

Teaching methods addressed

(n=87)

Experiential/active learning 55 63.2%

Teaching styles/skills 30 34.5%

Community-based learning 28 32.2%

Self-directed learning 28 32.2%

Other teaching 25 28.7%

Cooperative learning 22 25.3%

Mentoring 17 19.5%

IPE 11 12.6%

PBL 7 8.0%

Occupation-centered learning 6 6.9%

Case-based learning (video/paper) 5 5.7%

Lecture-based learning 4 4.6%

Service learning 4 4.6%

Assessment

Primarily assessment if focused on how to assess

students’ knowledge, skills, and competence.

Focus of

Paper

All Articles

(n=124)

Research

Articles (n=75)

Research %

by focus

Assessment 8 6.5% 6 8.0% 75.0%

Low

SOF

Low

SOF %

Medium

SOF

Medium

SOF %

High

SOF

High

SOF %

2 33.3% 2 33.3% 2 33.3%

Areas of assessment addressed

(n=35)

FW Assessment Tool 15 42.9%

Other Assessment 15 42.9%

Feedback Verbal 10 28.6%

Observe Performance 10 28.6%

Feedback Written 9 25.7%

Written Product 9 25.7%

Self-Assessment 6 17.1%

Portfolio 3 8.6%

Faculty

Primarily Faculty if addresses faculty issues, with

faculty defined to include fieldwork educators

Focus of

Paper

All Articles

(n=124)

Research

Articles (n=75)

Research %

by focus

Faculty 17 13.7% 10 13.3% 58.8%

Low

SOF

Low

SOF %

Medium

SOF

Medium

SOF %

High

SOF

High

SOF %

3 30.0% 4 40.0% 3 30.0%

Faculty areas addressed (n=112)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Wordle:

Faculty challenges “other”

Wordle: Other Faculty Issue

Physical setting

Primarily about physical setting if the paper is a

study of a learning environment or comparison of

learning environments

Focus of

Paper

All Articles

(n=124)

Research

Articles (n=75)

Research %

by focus

Physical 3 2.4% 2 2.7% 66.7%

Low

SOF

Low

SOF %

Medium

SOF

Medium

SOF %

High

SOF

High

SOF %

0 0.0% 0 0.0% 2 100.0%

Physical setting areas addressed

(n=62)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Community Other Clinical Experience

Teaching Hospital

Distance Learning

Training Center

Ambulatory Care

Classroom

Wordle:

Physical settings “other”

Emerging Findings

8379 78

5550

46 45 44 43 41 40 40 3834

30 29 2926

23 22 2218 18 16 15

117 7 6

Modified Kirkpatrick Hierarchy

For research articles describing educational

interventions or innovations:

• Level 1: Participation (participants’ views)

• Level 2a: Attitudes/perceptions (related

changes)

• Level 2b: Knowledge/skills (acquisition)

• Level 3: Behavioral change (apply new skills)

• Level 4a: Change in organizational practice

• Level 4b: Benefits to patient/clients

Hierarchy levels for

faculty-focused articles

0

5

10

15

20

25

Hierarchy levels for

student-focused articles

0

5

10

15

20

25

30