VHEMBE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

PROFILE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 31. INTRODUCTION 41.1 Overview 41.2 Municipalities within the District 51.3 Political and Administrative Leadership and Seat of District 51.4 Political Representation 62. SERVICE DELIVERY 72.1 Household Infrastructure 72.2 Sanitation 72.3 Water 72.4 Electricity 82.5 Refuse Removal 82.6 Service Provider 83. AUDIT OPINIONS 84. STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ASSESSMENT 94.1 Overview of findings on assessment in the Municipality 94.1.1 Governance 94.1.2 Financial Management and Viability 94.1.3 Service Delivery 95. INFRASTRUCTURE PRIORITIES IN TERMS OF THE MUNICIPAL

TURN-AROUND STRATEGY9

6. MIG PROJECTS 117. VULNERABILITY CLASSIFICATION 15

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Vhembe District Municipality Vhembe District Municipality is situated in the north of Limpopo Province. Community Services is the largest employer in Vhembe, followed by trade and then the agricultural sector. Although the land is fertile and well suited to agriculture, a large portion of it falls under tribal authorities which hinder development. Nevertheless, there are opportunities for developing viable, sustainable agricultural projects.

The district has a relatively limited supply of both ground and surface water resources.The water schemes that are currently in place are old and were intended to serve a smaller population. The municipality is faced with the challenge of utilising the tied resources properly and managing the demand correctly. The vast majority of the population resides in rural areas and do not have access to potable water

The district settlement pattern is largely rural, with women in the majority as well as people under 20 years of age. The low population density makes it extremely difficult and costly to improve levels of service delivery. Most people in rural areas still use non-ventilated pit toilets. There are also backlogs in electricity provision. Most rural households are affected by poverty and unemployment.

Vhembe has the second lowest access to infrastructure amongst districts in the province. An overview of household access to infrastructure in the district shows an improvement from a lower level of 36% in 1996 to a higher level of 51% in 2009. The main contributor to the increase in access is electricity infrastructure.

The audit outcomes of the District and two of the local municipalities are still poor, although Musina and Mutale have achieved financially unqualified with other matters.

The State of Local Government Assessment found that in the Vhembe District there is a lack of provision of water, sanitation and better roads is a major challenge that faces the district municipality. Electricity backlogs are high and in some areas infrastructure is too old. Skills shortage is another constraint that hampers development of this municipality.

In terms of its Municipal Turn-Around Strategy the District identified access to water and sanitation as still a huge priority in this District.

Two of the four local municipalities in the Vhembe District have been classified as in the category of most vulnerable by DCoG in terms of functionality, socio-economic profile and backlog status. This profile confirms that infrastructure prioritisation in Vhembe District should focus on access to clean water and sanitation.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview1

Extending over 21 349 sq km, Vhembe District Municipality is situated in the north of Limpopo Province. The Kruger National Park lies to the east. To the north and north-west it shares international borders with Zimbabwe and Botswana respectively. The district capital is Thohoyandou. Community Services is the largest employer in Vhembe, followed by trade and then the agricultural sector. The mining sector is stable, but there is a decline in the manufacturing and construction sectors.

Although the land is fertile and well suited to agriculture, a large portion of it falls under tribal authorities which hinder development. Nevertheless, there are opportunities for developing viable, sustainable agricultural projects. Both commercial and subsistence farming occur. Beef, field crops and cotton are produced, and there is potential to develop agro-processing. Game farming is also important.

There is also potential for development in mining and tourism, especially eco-tourism. Mapungubwe, an important archaeological and international heritage site, is located in the Vhembe-Dongola National Park. Both Mapungubwe and Thulamela are traditional heritage sites and examples of early settlement and culture in South Africa. Tourism opportunities in the district also lie in reserves such as Madimbo-Mashakatini, which can attract a large number of tourists. It is of paramount importance that the government and private sector co-operate in developing these sites. The district has a relatively limited supply of both ground and surface water resources. The Limpopo River System is considered to be the life-blood of the northern Vhembe semiarid area.

There is a number of wetland areas scattered throughout the district and the local municipalities. The water schemes that are currently in place are old and were intended to serve a smaller population. The municipality is faced with the challenge of utilising the tied resources properly and managing the demand correctly. Presently 90% of the population reside in rural areas and do not have access to potable water. Numerous potential sources of water have been identified and it is hoped that this will contribute to reducing the backlog in water provision.

The municipal area consists mainly of commercial farms, tourism hot spots and small-scale mining activities. A small percentage of the land is utilised for settlement purposes. The district settlement pattern is largely rural, with women in the majority as well as people under 20 years of age. The low population density makes it extremely difficult and costly to improve levels of service delivery. Most people in rural areas still use non-ventilated pit toilets. This has implications for both human and environmental health. There are also backlogs in electricity provision. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that Eskom is concentrating on electrifying the business areas, while the

1 Source: Gaffney’s, November 2009: Local Government in South Africa 2009 – 2011, Official Yearbook: p 948 - 950.

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demand in residential areas is growing. The local municipalities, due to a lack of capacity, are unable to keep up with the demand for new roads, primarily required for access to new residential areas. The RAL (Roads Agencies Limpopo) is also unable to address the backlog. Most rural households are affected by poverty and unemployment, and there is still a need to provide housing for the poor.

There are four main fire stations located at strategic points in the district and an additional two others under construction. There are insufficient health facilities within the district, as well as a shortage of medical practitioners; and rural people usually travel long distances to access health services. Furthermore, the services at hospitals, clinics and health centres are deteriorating, and there is a need to balance free health service and available resources. Taking into consideration challenges posed by HIV/AIDS, cholera, malaria and other prevalent diseases, it is necessary to intensify health and hygiene programmes and services. Emergency facilities such as ambulances should be more accessible. In most instances even public transport to and from health facilities is a serious problem. Low levels of education and high levels of illiteracy characterise the district. The department of education is engaged in upgrading schools and building classrooms.

The number of ABET centres has increased from 116 to 131. The Vhembe District ABET Division won a prize for the best ABET centre in Limpopo Province. Safety and security is one of the critical concerns for stability and economic development. Despite the fact that all local municipalities in the district have police stations, police services are not always accessible in the rural communities. The high levels of crime are ascribed to alcohol and drug abuse, unemployment among the youth, and to illegal immigrants.

A large number of land claims have been received within each of the four local municipal areas, with Makhado having the most (380), and Mutale the fewest (two). In total, approximately 781 920 ha (representing 36.53% of the area of Vhembe district) are subject to land claims. The extent of land claims in the district may impact heavily on the spatial development of both the district and local municipalities.

2. Municipalities within the Vhembe District

The details of the four local municipalities within the District are tabled below:

Table 1: Statistics of the Vhembe District and Local Municipalities

Municipalities within the District

Area (km2)in 2009

Area (km2) after 2011Local Government Elections & % change

Population No. ofHouseholds

PovertyRate

Vhembe District Municipality

21,121.15 25,596.47 21.19% 1,232,218 285,375 55.85%

Makhado Local

8,299.70 8,299.70 - 468,830 113,339 64.29%

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MunicipalityMusina Local Municipality

7,576.84 7,576.84 - 56,835 14,112 24.21%

Mutale Local Municipality

2,345.92 3,886.21 65.66% 107,532 20,941 66.08%

Thulamela Local Municipality

2,898.69 5,833.72 101.25% 599,021 136,982 68.81%

1.3 Political and Administrative Leadership and Seat of the District2

Political Leadership: Executive Mayor: Ms F DzhobereAdministrative Leadership: Acting Municipal Manager: Mr N F Tshivhengwa

The head office of the District is located in Thohoyandou.

1.4 Political representation3

Table 2: Local Government Election 2006 / Provincial & National Elections 2009 comparison:

Leading Parties in the Elections

Local Government Elections 2006 Provincial Elections 2009 National Elections 2009Party Party Votes and

%Ward Votes and %

Councillor Seats Party Votes and % Party Votes and %Party Seats %

1st ANC 208,422 86.1% 204,184 84.1% ANC 42 80.8% ANC 322,532 87.3% ANC 332,588 87.8%2nd DA 10,562 4.4% 12,025 5.0% ACDP 3 5.8% COPE 26,709 7.2% COPE 26,686 7.0%3rd ACDP 5,762 2.4% 5,642 2.3% DA 2 3.8% DA 8,511 2.3% DA 8,723 2.3%4th PAC 3,973 1.6% 4,429 1.8% UDM 2 3.8% PAC 2,303 0.6% PAC 2,068 0.5%

Other 13,389 5.5% 16,396 6.8% Other 3 5.8% 9,559 2.6% Other 8,897 2.3%Totals 242,108 100% 242,676 100% 52 100% 369,614 100% 378,962 100%

2 Source: Vhembe DM; August 20113 UPDATE Aug’09: DC40 seats - ANC (86%) 19 seats, ACDP (5%) 1 seat, DA (5%) 1 seat, PAC (5%) 1 seat, Total 22 DC40 seats

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Figure 1: 2011 Local Government Election results and seat allocation:

The ANC is the leading party in terms of proportional DC40 Seats in Vhembe, with 20 seats of 23 seats.

2. SERVICE DELIVERY4

4 Sources: HIS Global Insight Regional eXplorer version 574 and Municipal Demarcation Board, 2008: National Report on Local Government Capacity, District and Local Municipalities, MDB Capacity

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2.1 Vhembe District Municipality Household Infrastructure

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

Household Infrastructure OverviewLIM - DC34 Vhembe District Municipality

LIM - DC34 Vhembe ...

Inde

x

Source: IHS Global Insight Regional eXplorer version 574

Vhembe has the second lowest access to infrastructure amongst districts in the province. An overview of household access to infrastructure in the district shows an improvement from a lower level of 36% in 1996 to a higher level of 51% in 2009. The main contributor to the increase in access is electricity infrastructure.

2.2 Sanitation

With regard to access to sanitation, the district municipality’s household access to hygienic toilets has gone up from 18% in 1996 to 27% in 2009. The improvement in access to sanitation in general in the Municipality is mainly due to the increase in the use of pit latrines which was at 60% by 2009.

2.3 Water

Access to piped water above RDP level slightly increased from a 58% to 60% from 1996 to 2009. Similarly, there has been an increase as well in access to piped water below RDP level and more than 30% of the households are now getting this service. 2.4 Electricity

Assessment, 2007/2008.

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The increase in electricity connections is the biggest infrastructure achievement in the municipality. In 1996, household access to electricity connections was at a low level of 30%. Access has, however, increased over the years reaching 79% by 2009.

2.5 Refuse removal

There has been a slight increase in access to formal refuse removal service from 1996 to 2009 in the Municipality. Access has gone up from 8% in 1996 to 11% in 2009. Personal refuse removal also went up slightly over the years reaching 70% in 2009. The district is rural and the low levels of formal refuse removal must be taken in the context of low settlement densities, where on-site disposal or backyard burning of waste is sometimes appropriate.

2.6 Service provider

Vhembe district does not perform the electricity reticulation, potable water and sanitation and the refuse removal, refuse dumps and solid waste disposal functions.

3. AUDIT OPINIONS

Table 3: Audit Opinions of the District and Local Municipalities

Municipality Audit Opinion2005/6

Audit Opinion2006/7

Audit Opinion2007/8

Audit Opinion2008/9

Audit Opinion2009/10

Vhembe DM Qualified Disclaimer Disclaimer Disclaimer QualifiedMakhado LM Adverse Disclaimer Adverse Disclaimer DisclaimerMusina LM Financially

unqualified with other matters

Financially unqualified with other matters

Financially unqualified with other matters

Financially unqualified with findings

Audit not finalised at legislated date

Mutale LM Adverse Disclaimer Disclaimer Qualified Financially unqualified with findings

Thulamele LM Adverse Disclaimer Disclaimer Qualified QualifiedSource: Auditor-General 2009 and 2011, see www.agsa.co.za

Musina local municipality in the period 2005/6 to 2008/9 obtained unqualified audit outcomes with other matters. But in the 2009/10 financial year there was failure to finalise the audit on time in Musina local municipality. Mutale local municipality improved from qualified audit outcome in 2008/9 to financially unqualified with findings in 2009/10.

4. STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ASSESSMENT

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4.1 Overview of findings on assessment in the municipality

4.1.1 Governance

A lack of communication between councilors and communities has been realized and feedback on issues raised by communities is barely provided. The municipality has difficulties in dealing with CDWs as they report to the Premiers office thus are not accountable to the municipality. There has been an overlap of roles between CDWs and Ward Committees.

4.1.2 Financial Management and Viability

The district has a shared Audit Committee serviced by a service provider. The debt collection function is outsourced. The municipality is not financially viable however revenue enhancement strategies such as LED projects are being explored. The district has potential of becoming a tourist destination but more effort from the district is required to promote tourism in the area.

4.1.3 Service Delivery

Lack of provision of water, sanitation and better roads is a major challenge that faces the district municipality. Electricity backlogs are high and in some areas infrastructure is too old. Skills shortage is another constraint that hampers development of this municipality. Lack of coordination between the traditional leadership of the area and the municipality is a challenge that requires intervention as it obstructs smooth delivery of services. Traditional leaders are claimed to be allocating land without consulting with the municipal authority.

5. INFRASTRUCTURE PRIORITIES OF THE MUNICIPAL TURN-AROUND STRATEGY

The Vhembe District Municipality identified a number of priorities for infrastructure delivery in the Vhembe Municipal Turn-Around Strategy.

Table 4: Infrastructure delivery in terms of the MTAS

Access to Water and Sanitation

Access to Electricity

Refuse Removal and Solid Waste disposal

Challenges Out of 129 000 households, 79 590 have access to basic water and 49 410 outstanding

Out of 129 000 households, 94 665 have access to basic electricity and 33 000 outstanding

No regional refuse dumping sites, only transfer stations which are not licensed and which is not cost

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Out of 129 000 households, 88 190 have access to basic sanitation and 40 810 outstanding

effective to operate

Out of 129 000 households, 9 856 have access to basic refuse removal and 119 809 outstanding

Municipal Actions

Finalization of WSP agreement and transfer

Engagement of the District (WSA)on the prioritisation of projects in order to eradicate the backlog

Intensify participation in the review of the WSDP

Fill two vacant critical position (PMU and Civil Engineering Manager

Reduce turnaround time in procurement from 6 months to 2 months maximum

Upgrading of sub-stations

Filling of vacant budgeted posts and skills upgrading

Review organogram

Municipality to convene stakeholders’ meetings

Develop and implement Integrated Waste Management Plan

Finalise closing of illegal transfer sites

Awareness and cleaning campaigns

Other support and interventions

Technical support/clarity in terms of scaling down of subsidy by DWAE

Proper coordination of WSDP review meetings by the

Engage DBSA in the review of minimum requirements for training of artisans

Municipality to engage Eskom on the

Municipality to follow up with DLGH on the funding and establishment of transfer stations.

Engage Department of Economics,

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appointed PSP, DWAE and the WSA

availability of capacity and also to lobby for more funding

Municipality to engage DME on the funding pattern

Environment and Tourism on the closure and rehabilitation and opening of a new landfill site for Louis Trichardt and neighbouring towns

6. MIG projects

Table 5: MIG projects

Municipality Project name Registered MIG funds

Total actual expenditure in the 2010/11 financial year on MIG funds

Project status (Registered/design/tender/construction)

Project category (e.g. water, sanitation, PMU)

Vhembe DM Sinthumel, Kutama , LMB & Makhado R 95,500,000.00 R 3,825,075.57 Construction WaterMiddle Letaba command reservoir R 3,250,000.00 R 892,951.09 Construction WaterTshiendeulu Water Supply R 5,533,639.53 R 5,533,639.53 Construction WaterMadimbo ( Matshakathini ), Malale and Domboni water supply R 3,238,848.00 R 0.00 Construction WaterMusina Internal Reticulation - Upgrading phase 2 R 17,788,900.00 R 8,608,465.65 Construction SanitationMusina and Nancefield - Upgrading of oxidation ponds R 7,355,936.00 R 0.00 Construction SanitationTshiungani, masea & matshena water supply phase2 R 4,839,906.07 R 399,256.19 Construction WaterMukununde / Maramanzhi water supply R 5,789,064.00 R 0.00 Construction WaterZwigodini / Madifha water project R 1,781,250.00 R 0.00 Retention WaterTshikuyu, Dovhu, Duluthulu, Bennd Mutale & Masisi water supply R 8,015,626.00 R 0.00 Construction WaterMasisi Sandwell point B R 8,371,876.00 R 0.00 Construction Water

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Rehabilitation of Gwangwatini R 1,781,250.00 R 28,628.37 Retention WaterRehabilitation of Makuya RWS R 5,343,750.00 R 0.00 Construction WaterMutale RWS : Route S R 49,300,000.00 R 10,275,706.77 Construction WaterKhakhu Water Supply R 6,121,402.00 R 0.00 Construction WaterMafukani to Mabila Rising Main R 13,438,405.00 R 0.00 Construction WaterRambuda to Manhode Bulk Water Supply R 35,500,000.00 R 3,519,170.62 Construction WaterThohoyandou ext. of waste water treatment phase 2 R 23,848,000.00 R 0.00 Construction SanitationTshitale RWS: Madazhi, Geraldine, Mangovhe, Salaunavho and Slanger Water supply R 6,421,826.00 R 0.00 Construction WaterTshilapfene Water Project R 5,388,415.00 R 0.00 Construction WaterVhembe District Municipality rural sanitation

R683,481,035.00 R 93,930,395.82 Construction Sanitation

Phiphidi Ndondola Water reticulation R 4,097,969.94 R 0.00 Construction WaterNngwenkulu Bofu La Mato water reticulation project R 4,228,604.65 R 536,679.59 Construction WaterUpgrading & extension of internal reticulation: Mukumbani, tshilapfene, Tshivhungululu, Rabali R 39,367,637.45 R 9,381,871.59 Construction WaterLuphephe Nwanedi RWS:Bulk water abstraction, purification and bulk infrastructure to Folovhodwe R 29,386,998.43 R 9,562,232.73 Construction WaterMusina Rural Water supply(Thanda & Tshikhudini) R 3,682,312.00 R 1,680,746.52 Construction Waterguyuni / Khunguni water project R 1,781,250.00 R 0.00 Construction WaterTshixwadza water reticulation phase 2, water supply, storage & internal reticulation R 6,080,441.86 R 0.00 Construction WaterTshidzivhe Local Groundwater

R 9,851,781.00 R 2,522,026.68 Construction Water

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SchemeDamani RWS - Bulk water to Mianzi & surrounding villages R 10,315,800.00 R 2,501,277.60 Construction WaterMukomaasinanndu, Vhudimbilu, Tshamutlikwa B and Malamamangwa Water supply project R 4,913,131.60 R 0.00 Construction WaterDzindi bulk water supply and reticulation R 50,200,000.00 R 5,011,473.53 Construction WaterMakhado upgrading of sewer plant R 48,080,000.00 R 13,520,792.65 Construction SanitationMphego water supply R 18,176,400.00 R 0.00 registered WaterMavambe water reticulation R 11,312,190.00 R 637,540.59 Design & Tender WaterShikundu/Mhinga water reticulation R 0.00 R 1,949,028.77 Design & Tender WaterMakhado /Eltivillas bulk sewer supply R 2,000,000.00 R 0.00 Construction WaterPMU management fee Vhembe DM R 7,380,000.00 R 125,400.00 No status PMU

Makhado LM Vuwani Internal Street Surfacing

R10,526,316.00 R 4,012,815.04 construction Roads & s/water

Waterval Upgrading and Surfacing of Streets

R6,679,978.00 244,523.33 Construction Roads & s/water

Elim Taxi Rank and Bus Terminal

R3,811,563.00 R 0.00 Registered Taxi Rank

Makhado Municipal Office Block Civic centre

R5,400,000.00 R 794,068.31

RegisteredMunicipal Offices

Dzanani Testing Station

R5,537,578.74 R 2,704,461.37

constructioncommunity facilities

Tshitavha Road, bridge construction

R4,000,000.00 R 3,380,302.25

constructionRoads & s/water

Tshivhuyuni, Mbokota, Madadzhi and muwaweni culverts

R7,570,068.75 R 7,212,904.25

construction

StormwaterMalonga hanani low level bridge

R600,000.00 R 337,392.10

CompletedRoads & s/water

Eltivillas Ext.1 roads and stormwater

R7,610,931.60 R 3,637,044.91

ConstructionRoads & s/water

Tshakhuma Ring Road Phase 2

R36,145,639.00 R 10,333,846.44

ConstructionRoads & s/water

Murunwa Access Road and bridge

R3,200,000.01 R 375,225.86

ConstructionRoads & s/water

Hamutsha Community

R4,500,000.00

R 2,146,519.26 Construction community facilities

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FacilitiesEltivillas Ext.1 street surfacing phase 2

R18,514,004.88 R 0.00

ConstructionRoads & s/water

Tshikota upgrading and rehabilitation of streets

R28,843,010.91 R 922,578.20

ConstructionRoads & s/water

Eltivillas Rehabilitation of streets

R25,977,558.00 R 1,301,210.63

ConstructionRoads & s/water

Dzanani, Vuwani High mast Lights

R2,000,000.00 R 0.00

Construction Street / Community Lighting

PMU managemenT Makhado LM R 3,274,507.02

R 0.00No status

PMUMusina LM Musina/Malale

construction of community hall R 2,300,000.00 R 1,259,068.93 construction

Multi-purpose community halls

Musin/Madimbo construction of sport centre R 4,100,000.00 R 2,438,484.39 construction Sports facilitiesMusina/Nancefield ext 6 sport centre R 3,500,000.00 R 2,331,431.62 construction Sports facilitiesNancefield additions and alterations to stadium R 8,644,047.00 R 1,803,806.31 construction Sports facilitiesPMU Musina LM R 0.00 R 0.00 No status PMU

Mutale LM Gundani Landfill site R 3,500,000.00 R 820,378.02 Completed

solid waste disposal site

Dotha Bridge R 7,797,600.00 R 123,929.40 Completed Roads & s/waterTshilamba High mast lighting R 2,500,000.00 R 0.00 Completed

Street / Community Lighting

Thengwe Clinic to Tshandama construction of access tarred road R 30,000,000.00 R 1,191,007.57 Construction Roads & s/waterMasisi Street Tarring R 14,710,500.00 R 0.00 Registered Roads & s/waterRehabilitation of Khakhu to Mangwele gravel road R 11,796,400.00 R 13,406.40 Design & Tender Roads & s/waterTshidongololwe to Vuvha Tarred access road R 19,644,000.00 R 0.00 Registered Roads & s/waterPMU management Mutale LM R 0.00 R 9,298.12 No status PMU

Thulamele LM

Tshifudi Sports Facility R 11,000,000.00 R 3,359,497.89 Completed Sports facilitiesManiini Ring Road R 20,000,000.00 R 7,095,631.51 Completed Roads & s/waterLufule Tshikweta Mavhunda Access Road R 20,000,000.00 R 13,116,581.50 Completed Roads & s/waterSaselamani Ring Road R 11,700,000.00 R 8,746,433.35 Completed Roads & s/water5 x Solid Waste Transfer Stations R 3,750,000.00 R 0.00 Design & Tender

solid waste disposal site

Rehabilitation of Streets

R103,500,000.00 R 14,341,157.13 Construction Roads & s/water

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Makhuvha Sports Facility R 18,800,000.00 R 3,009,667.60 Construction Sports facilitiesThulamela Information Centre R 12,000,000.00 R 0.00 Registered TourismPMU Thulamela LM R 1,690,073.44 R 114,759.64 No status PMU

Source: All MIG projects, 2011 June

Vhembe district and all its local municipalities submitted their MIG projects reports for the month of June 2011. However, all the submitted reports were not signed by the accounting officer. In addition, all reports submitted did not report the status of the Project Management Units. Projects in Vhembe are mostly about water and most are at a construction phase. In Makhado most projects are about roads and water and most are at a construction phase. Like in Makhado, there is a high number of roads and water projects in Mutale and Thulamele. Mutale has already completed three of its eight projects. In Thulamele four of its nine projects have been completed. In Musina most projects are about sports facilities and all of them are at a construction phase.

7. VULNERABILITY CLASSIFICATION

The DCoG Municipal Spatial Classification System was designed to develop municipal profiles according to spatial location, based upon results from indicator sets on functionality, socio-economic profile and backlog status. Its purpose is to inform a differentiated approach to municipalities.

The four municipal classifications developed by DCoG are:

Class 1: Most vulnerable (57 local municipalities)Class 2: Second most vulnerable (58 local municipalities)Class 3: Second highest performing (58 local municipalities)Class 4: Highest performing (58 local municipalities)

The four local municipalities in the Vhembe District can be classified as follow:

Table 6: Vulnerability Classification

Local Municipality ClassificationMakhado Second most

vulnerable Musina Second highest

performingMutale Most vulnerableThulamela Most vulnerable

From this table it is evident that two of the four local municipalities in the Vhembe District fall into the most vulnerable category.

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