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Basic Pharmacology

Drugs

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Pharmacology

Basic Principles

Study of drugs

Actions

Dosage Therapeutic

uses

(indications)

Adverse effects

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Pharmacology

Drugs may be prescribed to:

Promote healing

Cure disease

Control or slow progression of disease Prevent disease

Decrease risk of complications

Increase comfort level

Reduce excessive activity in the body

sedative

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Pharmacology

Drug Effects

Therapeutic or desired action

Stimulating or inhibiting cell function

or block the effects of biochemicals inthe tissues

antihistamine

Physical or mechanical action

laxative

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Pharmacology

Unwanted effects on the body

Mild- side effects

Antihistamines may cause dry mouth

Dangerous or cause tissue

damage, or are life threatening-

adverse or toxic effects

Excessive bleeding

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Pharmacology

Over the counter

OTC

Drugs that an individual can purchase

without a note from their doctor.

Still recommended that a doctor be consulted

when there are other medical conditions or

prescriptions being taken

Prescription

The note that the doctor writes thatdetails the dosage and instructions

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Pharmacology

Adverse effects

Hypersensitivity

or allergic

reactions Rash to

anaphylaxis

Patient should

stop taking the

drug and thephysician

should be

contacted

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Pharmacology

Idiosyncratic

Unusual or

unexpected

reactions todrugs

Example

excessive

excitement

after taking asedative

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Pharmacology

Iatrogenic

Negative effects

on the body due

to: medication

error,

drug overdose

or

unusualresponse

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Pharmacology

Teratogenic

Harmful effects

on the fetus

leading todevelopmental

defects

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Pharmacology

Interactions

Drugs effect is

modified by

combining itwith:

another drug

Food

Other

substance Aspirin

Antacids

alcohol

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Pharmacology

Synergism When the combination increases the

effects of what has been taken Can be life threatening

Antagonism When the combination of drugs

decreases the effects

The presence of an antagonist prevents thepatient from receiving the beneficial action ofa drug

REQUIRED AS AN ANTIDOTE

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Pharmacology

Administration of Drugs

Loading dose

A large first dose or first dose by

injection to reach effective druglevels quickly

Dosage

Important to maintain effective blood

levels

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Pharmacology

Administration of Drugs

Based upon

Absorption

Transport in the blood

Half-life of the particular drug

More is NOT Better!

It may be toxic!

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Pharmacology

Major routes for drug

administration

Oral

Parenteral (injection)

Other methods

Inhalation

Brochodilator, absorption into blood Topical

rectal

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Pharmacology

Some drugs

may only be

administered

through oneroute

Insulin

Would be

destroyed bygastric

enzymes if

ingested

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Pharmacology

Generic Names

Unique official

simple name for

a specific drug

Considered

easy to

remember

accurately and

used in many

circumstances

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Pharmacology

Food and Drug Administration

FDA

Regulates the production,

labeling, distribution, and otheraspects of drug control

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Pharmacology

Placebo

Something used in clinical

research

Given to the control group Lacks the active ingredient that is being

tested in the study