Objectives/needs

Designg› HPDI system

› Engine lubrification› Engine lubrification

› Noise reduction

› Catalyst

Results

Conclusion

Objective: The EPA regulations require lower emission levels for snowmobile lower emission levels for snowmobile engines

Problem: Stock carburated/semi-direct injected two-stroke engines are not passing today’s EPA emissions level.

No performance loss.

Affordable pricing.

Low fuel consumption.

Lower emissions.

Lower sound levels. Lower sound levels.

Afordable (part wise)

Easy installation Easy installation

Simple maintenance Simple maintenance

HPDI system

ECU controlled electric oil pump

Use of exhaust gas purification system

Noise reduction muffler

Bosch injectorStatic flow of 15,0 cm3/s (615g/min)Nominal pressure of 100 bar (1500 PSI)

Bosch injector power stage

Injector cone angle

Injection location:

Fuel spray characteristics as similar as possible to the E-TEC system

(Spark location)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

50010001500200025003000350040004500450050005500600065007000750080008500

St tifi d Cl t h tStratified zone

Homogeneous zone

Clutch engagement

Injection angle (Stratified/ homogeneous)

Injector fuel rail installation

Fuel rail fluid simulation

Gas Pressure:HDP 1.1 Bosch fuel pump 1500 PSI

Mechanical belt driving system

Fuel delivery of 0 66cm3 Fuel delivery of 0.66cm3 per revolution

Crankshaft driven with a 1 2 ti (h lf f th 1:2 gear ratio (half of the engine speed)

Operating pressure 100 p g pbars (1500 PSI)

Electrical oil pump allows the modification of the oil flow according to h i d d h l (Oil fl the engine speed and throttle. (Oil flow

mapping)

New muffler design:› 2 resonators› 2 expansions chambers

Catalyst intergration into low frequencyresonance chambers.

E25 NOx emissions

300

350

400

pm)

100

150

200

250

NO

x em

issio

ns (p

350-400

300-350

250-300

0

50

100

42004600

5000

N

200-250

150-200

100-150

50-1005000

54005800

62006600

7000

0-50

20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

70007400

7800

E25 CO(%)5 CO(%)

6

7 6-7

5-6

2

3

4

5

CO

(%)

(ppm

) 4-5

3-4

2-3

1-2

60%

80%

100%

0

1

2C

0-1

20%

40%

E25 HC emissions

2000

150016001700180019002000

sions

(ppm

) 1900-2000

1800-1900

1700-1800

1600-1700

80%

100%10001100120013001400

HC e

miss 1500-1600

1400-1500

1300-1400

1200-1300

20%

40%

60% 1100-1200

1000-1100

Emissions from off to idle

1600

1800

2000

350

400

Emissions from off to idle

1000

1200

1400

600

200

250

300

ons

(ppm

)

(ppm

), C

O (%

)

NOX (1/ )

400

600

800

1000

100

150

200

HC e

miss

io

NO

x em

issio

ns NOX (1/x)

CO (%)

HC

0

200

400

0

50

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Time (s)

HC Reduction from SDI to HPDI

80

82

84on

(%)

72

74

76

78

HC re

duct

io

82-84

80-82

78 8070 78-80

76-78

74-76

72-74

70-72

30%50%

70%100%

NOx Reduction from SDI to HPDI

50

100

)

-50

0

50

Ox

redu

ctio

n (%

50-100

0 50

100%

-150

-100NO 0-50

-50-0

-100--50

-150--100

30%

50%

70%100%

CO Reduction from SDI to HPDI

100

20

40

60

80

ctio

n (%

)

80-100

60-80

-40

-20

0

20

4200

4400

4600

4800

000

00 0

CO

redu

c

40-60

20-40

0-20

-20-0

50%70%

100%

-60

40 450

520

5400

5600

5800

6000

6200

6400

6600

6800

7000

200

00 0

-40--20

-60--40

30%50%7

7274

076

00

700

800

120

140

Engine operating conditions vs engine speed

500

600

80

100

e C

)

HP (h

p)

H (H )

300

400

40

60

80

EGT (

Degr

e

Torq

ue(ft

-lb),

H Hp (Hp) corr

Torque (ft-lb) corr

EGT #8 (Degree C)

0

100

200

0

20

40

004000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000

Engine RPM

Thank you