2011 8-2 Powerpoints

Period One

Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

Alexandra Costin, Trent Alexandra Costin, Trent Abbott, Cameron BratcherAbbott, Cameron Bratcher

Organic compounds are compounds that contain Organic compounds are compounds that contain carboncarbon

Organic compounds can be found in products Organic compounds can be found in products made from living things and materials produced made from living things and materials produced artificially in laboratories and factoriesartificially in laboratories and factories

Part of solid matter of every organism on EarthPart of solid matter of every organism on Earth

Products made from organisms, like paper from Products made from organisms, like paper from wood from treeswood from trees

Plastics, fuels, cleaning solutions come from Plastics, fuels, cleaning solutions come from petroleum or crude oilpetroleum or crude oilMany organic compounds have similar Many organic compounds have similar properties melting points, boiling points, odor, properties melting points, boiling points, odor, electrical conductivity, and solubilityelectrical conductivity, and solubilityMany have low melting points and boiling points, Many have low melting points and boiling points, liquids or gases at room temperatureliquids or gases at room temperatureOrganic compounds have strong odorsOrganic compounds have strong odorsDo not conduct electrical currentDo not conduct electrical currentDoes not dissolve in waterDoes not dissolve in water

HydrocarbonsBailey Vaskov, Kelly Doherty,

Freddy Contreras, Ben Cummings

Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon IntroductionIntroduction

Scientists classify organic compounds Scientists classify organic compounds into different categories. The simplest into different categories. The simplest organic compounds are the hydrocarbons. organic compounds are the hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon is a compound that A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only the atoms of hydrogen and contains only the atoms of hydrogen and carbon.carbon.

Methane is the main gas in metro gas. Its Methane is the main gas in metro gas. Its used to heat homes. Propane is used in used to heat homes. Propane is used in portable stoves And gas and provides portable stoves And gas and provides heat for hot air balloonsheat for hot air balloons

Properties of Properties of HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

• Like many other organic Like many other organic compounds, hydrocarbons mix compounds, hydrocarbons mix poorly with water. All poorly with water. All hydrocarbons are flammable. hydrocarbons are flammable. When they burn they release a When they burn they release a great deal of energy. They are great deal of energy. They are used as fuels for stoves, heaters, used as fuels for stoves, heaters, cars, buses, and planes.cars, buses, and planes.

Chemical Formula of Chemical Formula of HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

• Hydrocarbon compounds differ in Hydrocarbon compounds differ in the number of carbon and the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in each hydrogen atoms in each molecule.molecule.

Structures of Structures of HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

By: Liam, Dayton, KatherineBy: Liam, Dayton, Katherine

and Reannaand Reanna

How do they bond?How do they bond?

• Every hydrogen atom forms one Every hydrogen atom forms one bond.bond.

• Sometimes if there are four or more Sometimes if there are four or more carbon atoms you can have chains as carbon atoms you can have chains as well as branches.well as branches.

Facts About Facts About Hydrocarbons.Hydrocarbons.

• They contain only the elements They contain only the elements carbon and hydrogencarbon and hydrogen

• Common hydrocarbons are mathane, Common hydrocarbons are mathane, propane, and gasolinepropane, and gasoline

Structural formulas Structural formulas

• A structural formula shows the kind, A structural formula shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms number, and arrangement of atoms in a moleculein a molecule

• Each carbon atom is bonded to four Each carbon atom is bonded to four hydrogen atomshydrogen atoms

• In ethane and propane, each carbon In ethane and propane, each carbon atom is bonded to at least one atom is bonded to at least one carbon atom as well as to hydrogen carbon atom as well as to hydrogen atomsatoms

Isomers/Double Bonds and Isomers/Double Bonds and Triple BondsTriple Bonds

Andy EpprightAndy EpprightDavid ZamoraDavid ZamoraMichael Gray Michael Gray

Jamison JohnsonJamison Johnson

Definitions

Isomers: compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formula

Double Bond: two carbon atoms put together

Facts A molecules of the

isomer, isobutane, is a branched chain

Each isomer is a different substance with its own characteristic properties

• Structural formulas have shown only single bonds. A carbon atom can also dash c=c but a triple bond is represented with a dash 3=3

SATURAT

ED AND

UNSATURAT

ED

HYDROCARBONS

BY: JO

E, ALE

XIA, K

RISTI

E, GREG

SATURATED HYDROCARBONS

• A hydrocarbon can be classified according to the types of bonds between its carbons

• When a hydrocarbon has its maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible it is called a saturated hydrocarbon

UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS

• Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds have fewer hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom than a saturated hydrocarbon does

Substituted Hydrocarbons and Compounds Containing Halogens

ByBrittany Lodge

Bev LincolnJonah McNamara

Substituted Hydrocarbons

☼Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen.

☼ If one atom of another element is substituted for a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon a different compound is created.

Substituted Hydrocarbons

☼In a substituted hydrocarbon atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms.

☼Substituted hydrocarbons include halogen-containing compounds, alcohols, and organic acids

Compounds Containing Halogens

In some substituted hydrocarbons more than one halogen atoms replaced the hydrogen atoms. Recall the Halogen family includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

Compounds Containing Halogens

The compound Freon, is widely used as a cooling liquid in refrigerators and air conditioners. But soon Freon was found to damage the environment. The use of it as banned in the United States. Although, a very hazardous compound that contains halogens, named trichlyobroethane, is continued to be used in dry-cleaning solutions. For it can cause severe health problems.

Alcohols and Organic Acids

By Devon LumTru Wells

Yareyci RiveraPreet Oza

OH Molecule

• Made of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom

• This combination is called a hydroxyl group

Alcohols

• A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups

• Most dissolve well in water

Methanol

• Extremely toxic• Used to make plastics and fibers• Also used in solutions that remove ice from

airplanes

Ethanol

• Produced naturally by the action of yeast or bacteria on the sugar stored in corn, wheat and barley

• Used in medicines and is found in alcoholic beverages

Citric Acid

• Makes fruit such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits taste a little tart

Organic Acid

• A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups

• They are in many foods

Carboxyl Groups

• Written as COOH1

Esters and PolymersBy

Emily Threlkel

Jake Maino

Stefanie Sansoucie

Esters• Ester is a compound

made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid

Polymers• Polymers are large

molecules made of a chain of many smaller molecules bonded together.

• Alcohols, esters and others can be linked together to build polymers

Monomers• Monomers are

smaller molecules.• Monomers are made

up of polymers.• Mono means one

The End!