20100301 PSDNetwork Progress Report 2009

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Peace Security and Development Network

Progress Report 2009


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Network Secretariat

I. Objectives

The goal of the Network Secretariat of the PSD Network is to facilitate the Network as a whole;including the separate working groups and the overarching entity that brings together all partnersand themes of the Network. The Network Secretariat functions as a point of contact for all NetworkPartners and interested outside the Network. The Network Secretariat tries to guide and stimulatepartners in their role and contribution to the Network. Besides that it has a role in distributing reportsand other documents and making them electronically available. Furthermore the Network Secretariatconcludes and administers contracts with all partners and coordinates reporting obligations towardsthe Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In fulfilling the above mentioned obligations the projectmanager of the Network Secretariat can make use of the following different tools:

- Digital workspace (sharing documents, agendas, newsletters, website)- Coordination group meetings- Network meetings- Network conferences

The Network secretariat succeeded in its goal to become the first point of contact for the Network.Both for the partners of the Network and those interested from outside the Network know toapproach the Network Secretariat for questions and suggestions. The Network Secretariat is also seenas a passage through which information can be distributed. The Network Secretariat sharesinformation through a distribution list that consists of around 85 Network Partners and 60 interested.Without an active policy on this point in 2009 there is room for improvement in 2010.

In 2009 the Network Secretariat has put great emphasize on the creation of an image of thePSDNetwork to make it recognizable for Network partners and outsiders, in order to create a sense of

belonging to the Network.

II. ActivitiesPlanned activities

1) Digital workspace : Give regular input into the new website of the ministry of foreign affairs forthe Schokland agreements: www.milleniumakkoorden.nl

2) Coordination Group meetings: Organize Coordination Group meetings to stimulate cooperationand synergy between the different projects and to give direction to the KNPSD as a whole.

3) Network meetings4) Network conferences


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Progress activities

1) Digital workspaceWebsite

The Network Secretariat has been contributing to the development of the website:www.millenniumakkoorden.nl. The Network Secretariat has talked to different parties involved increating this website (communication bureau, software producers, MFA) and attended severalmeetings discussing and testing the website. The Network Secretariat attended the presentation of thewebsite on 16th of April hosted by Van De Jong Communication. The profile of the accord #30 wascompleted and updated and even milestones where formulated and regularly updated. All partnersof the PSDNetwork where invited by the Network Secretariat to join the website which 13 partnersdid so far. However the website was malfunction in two ways:

- Documents on the website where only available for those registered under the accord, andnot for the wider public, which limits the distribution of information/knowledge

- Basic functions as uploading logos, reports and registering of new members did not alwaysgo smoothly which made people less enthusiastic.

After discussion on improvement without any results and the need for distribution of Networkreports the Network Secretariat decided to build a different (temporarily) website:www.clingendael.nl/psdn. This simple website provided in the most necessary goals of the website:distributing knowledge and providing information on the PSDNetwork. For the long term we hope tomake use again of www.millenniumakkoorden.nl since this website has a more professionalappearance and connects us to the other millenniumakkoorden.

Newsletter

In 2009 the Network Secretariat has distributed three Newsletters to be found upon:

http://www.clingendael.nl/psdn/newsletter.html. The first newsletter was in Dutch. In order toattain a wider (international) audience the following newsletters where in English. Both partners fromwithin the Network and outside contribute to the Newsletter. The content is coordinated by theNetwork Secretariat with input from partners. The newsletter is distributed within and outside thePSDNetwork.

Sharing Documents

The Network Secretariat has a set format to send information to the PSDNetwork and if desirable alsooutside the Network. All research reports, meeting reports, invitations are distributed. All reports arealso available per working group via http://www.clingendael.nl/psdn/documents.html

2) Coordination Group MeetingsIn 2009 Coordination Group Meetings were held. To these meetings the following people are invited:Working Group Chairs- Louise Anten (PPC)- Georg Frerks (DDR/Gender)- Jan Gruiters (DDR)- Huub Mudde (MSP)- Arne Mush (Loc Gov)Representative Meer dan de Som de Delen- Evelien WellerRepresentative MFA- Janneke Meering, later replaced by Karin Boven

Representative Ministry of Defense- Mark Waanders, later replaced by Emmy Hermans


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Coordination Group Meetings 2009:

Date Host Main Subject Present

17/2 MFA Agreement on expectations, goals andresponsibilities of the coordinators

WGC 5 (1 replacement), MFA 3, MDef,Network Secretariat 1, MDDSDD 1

9/4l CRU Outline Conference WGC 5, (1 replacement), MFA 2, MDef 1(1 replacement), Network Secretariat 1MDDSDD -

16/6 CRU Progress overview WGC 4 (1 replacement), MFA , MDef Network Secretariat 1 , MDDSDD-

7/ 9 CCS Year plan 2010Output Q4

WGC 4, MFA 2, MDef Network Secretariat 1, MDDSDD 1

8 /12 VNG Year plan 2010Conference 2010

WGC 3, MFA 1, MDef Network Secretariat 2, MDDSDD -

3) Network MeetingsMeetings that were initiated and organized by the PSDNetwork:

Crisis management operations in Fragile States. The need for an integrated approach.On the 19th of May, representatives of the PSD Network gathered for a discussion on the in Marchpublished advisory report from the AIV (Advisory Council on International Affairs). The diversity ofthe Network partners reflected in the participant of this meeting. This led to a divers, open and livelydiscussion on the integrated approach and the role of the different sectors contributing to this. For thefull report of the meeting go to:http://www.clingendael.nl/psdn/documents_general_network_documents.html

Strategic Design in Public Policy: Revisiting the knowledge-to-action nexusOn Monday 23 November 2009, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR),

the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and the PSDNetwork organized a workshop onthe difficulties of translating academic knowledge and research into community security intoimplementable action points for public policy. The goal was to share experiences of generating andapplying knowledge on community security matters for the benefit of considering the challenges todoing so from both the research and policy side. Participant in this meeting were both partners for theNetwork and representatives for the IS Academy. For the full report of the meeting go to:http://www.clingendael.nl/psdn/documents_general_network_documents.html

Other Network meetings:

- Summer drinks- Meeting with two senior officials from the U.S.

State Departments Office of the Coordinator forReconstruction and Stabilization (S/CRS)

- Meeting with Masters level students of WagnerGraduate School, USA who are preparing forcareers in the international NGO sector.

- The Network Secretariat participated in most ofthe Working Group meetings

- The Network Secretariat had strategic meetingswith partners of the Network (MFA, Min Def,HCSS, Shell)

Summer Beach Drinks 6 august 2009


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4) Network ConferenceOn the 28th of May the Network held its first conference, after the kick-off conference in 2007, whereall partners of the PSDNetwork came together to discuss the content and progress of the

PSDNetwork. The meeting was attended by 45 Network Partners.The goals of the conference were:- Present the first results of the working groups- Promote synergy between the working groups- Strengthen the Network.

Through its variety of activities during the day, this conference succeededvery well in obtaining its goals and stimulated both the discussions

between the different themes/working groups as also the exchange ofthoughts on overarching themes concerning the Network (i.e. impact ofthe Network, research methodology, integrated approach, and theoreticalframework). The concrete result of the conference was a list of

recommendations for the Network Secretariat, the Coordination Groupand the Working groups to improve the work of the PSDNetwork. For thislist and a full report of the conference see the website. Moreover thisconference contributed to a better knowledge and understanding betweenthe working groups contributing to the synergy between the workinggroups. After this conference partners of a working group were invited toother working group meetings. In addition this stimulated cooperation inrelation to the field studies.

During this conference the Network Secretariat took the opportunity topresent the ideas, the logo, and the website and planned activities for theNetwork.

Through a survey held under the participants the following issues became clear:- The PSDNetwork is mainly seen as a platform for research and activities that fits with the

own organization and as a platform to exchange knowledge in a structured way. It was lessseen as a way to obtain professional contacts.

- The PSNetwork could be useful for the organization for, in lesser degree, complimentarilybetween activities and understanding of expertise and focus areas of other participatingorganization. To a great degree the Network could help create innovative thoughts forresearch and policy.

- Participants feel the need to extend the Network to Southern Partners.


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III. Results/ OutputThe most important result of the Network Secretariat in 2009 was the creation of a visiblePSDNetwork. By designing a recognizable and professional corporate image the Network becamevisible both for partner within and outside the Network. For the Network partners this contributed to

the feeling of being part of a Network and contribution to the Network. This is important because notall individual participants or even organizations were aware of them being part of a bigger entitythan merely a research/activity within a certain working group. For partners outside the Network itcontributed to an acknowledgement of the existence of an active and professional workshop.

The creation of a website and newsletter facilitated to the exchange of knowledge. The newsletter isdistributed to around 110 people. Around half of these people where involved the Network from the

beginning. The other half got interested in the Network in the course of the year and requested toreceive the newsletter. The Website is up and running since November 2009 and had 1184 viewersand 250 downloads.

The Network Secretariat has delivered all required reports

- Year plan/budget 20091- Narrative/ Financial Report 2008- Year plan/budget 2010

Reports from all Network meetings are circulated among all Network partners and those interestedand are available at the website

- Report workshop Strategic Design in Public Policy November 2009- Report Network Conference May 2009- Report Meeting AIV Advisory Report: Crisis management operations in fragile states: the

need for a coherent approach

1 The year plan 2009 should have been written in 2008, but because the Network only started late 2008 a year plan for 2009 waswritten in the beginning of that year.


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PSDNetwork publication list (available at website, circulated around Network and those interested)

WorkingGroup

Publications

DDR Security Promotion in Fragile States: Can Local Meet National?: Exploring the Connectionsbetween Community Security and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR),Rens

Willems, Willemijn Verkoren, Maria Derks (et al.)August 2009, 123 pp. ENG

Loc Gov Report Zones of Peace meeting Working Group Local GovernanceMeeting report, June 2008, 10 pp. ENG

City Diplomacy: the role of local governments in conflict prevention, peacebuilding and post-conflict reconstruction:Arne Musch and Alexandra SizooWorking paper, February 2009, 20 p. ENG

Local government and the politics of peace-buidling and reconstruction in fragile states:Preliminary findings and discussions, Gemma van der Haar, Dion van der Berg, Eveline LangenWorking Paper, May 2009, 24 pp. ENG

PPC Public Private Cooperation in Fragile States: Country report AfghanistanAgency for International Business Cooperation (EVD), Conflict Research Unit, Clingendael

Institute (CRU), Cordaid, Munnik & Munnik Consultants, Recovering Society, Van Os,January 2010, 42 pp. ENG

Public Private Cooperation in Fragile States: Country report DRCAgency for International Business Cooperation (EVD), Conflict Research Unit, ClingendaelInstitute (CRU), ICCO, Kadaster International, Netherlands African Business Council (NABC),Netherlands Ministry of Foreign AffairsDecember 2009, 45 pp. ENG

Public Private Cooperation in Fragile States: Country report: Southern SudanAgency for International Business Cooperation (EVD), Conflict Research Unit, ClingendaelInstitute (CRU), Cordaid, ICCO, Kadaster International, Netherlands African Business Council(NABC), Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, September 2009, 52 pp. ENG

CALL FOR PROPOSALS, Formulation of a Public Private Cooperation project in DRC CALL FOR PROPOSALS, Formulation of a Public Private Cooperation project in Southern

Sudan

Winning ProposalWaste management and Sanitary Landfill Development in Juba. Proposal for Formulation of aPublic Private Cooperation project in Southern Sudan, October 2009, 4 pp. ENG

Financieringsmogelijkheden in DR CongoNABC, Juli 2009, 37 p. NL

Financieringsmogelijkheden in zuidelijk Sudan, Agency for International BusinessCooperation (EVD), Netherlands Ministry of Economic affairs, March 2009, 46 pp. NL

Public Private Cooperation Fragile States: Field study report DR Congo.As part of the Country Study DR CongoPyt Douma, Eppo Bolhuis, Dieuwke Klaver, Yves Zawadi, Bert BoschJuly 2009, 70 pp. ENG

Public Private Cooperation Fragile States: Field study report South SudanAs part of the Country Study South SudanIrma Specht & Mark van Dorp and Washington Okeyo, Marjolein C. Groot and John Penn de Ngong

July 2009, 96 pp. ENG Public Private Cooperation Fragile States: Annex F to the Field study report South Sudan

As part of the Country Study South SudanIrma Specht & Mark van Dorp and Washington Okeyo, Marjolein C. Groot and John Penn de NgongJuly 2009, 40 pp. ENG

NetworkSecretariat

Verslag VVO Netwerk bijeenkomst: workshop Strategic Design in Public PolicyA joint statement by the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, the ConflictResearch Unit at Clingendael, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the NetherlandsNovember 2009

Jaarplan 2010 Verslag Netwerk conferentie 28 mei 2009 Verslag VVO netwerk bijeenkomst AIV advies 19 mei 2009 : 'Crisisbeheersingsoperaties in

Fragiele Staten. De noodzaak van een samenhangende aanpak.'

Gender

MSP


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Community security and community based DDR in fragile States

Working Group Chair: Center for Conflict Studies/ Georg FrerksIKV-Pax Christi / Jan Gruiters

Working Group Partners: CICAM, CCS, ECCP, Vluchtelingenwerk NL, CRU, IKV-Pax, PSO,MinBuza, Min Def

I. Objectives

Planned objectives

Three objectives have been set for the work of the working group.

Thefirst objective of the community-based security DDR initiative is toexamine the current state of affairs with regard to DDR policies andprograms; both initiated from above by state or multilateral agencies andfrom below, such as those carried out by NGOs and communities.

The second objective concerns the design of a context-specific approach forcommunity-based DDR and follow-up activities that can guarantee thehuman security of populations affected by conflict and control theproliferation of (small) arms and (light) weapons by carrying out a set ofpilot action researches.

The third objective is the sharing and dissemination of the initiatives results to relevant audiences ofpolicy-makers, academicians and practitioners, both in the North and in the South. It is not onlyintended to disseminate results after the study is completed, but also intermittently, while the study isongoing, e.g. to contribute to ongoing discussions, conferences, declarations etc.

Progress objectives

Thefirst objective of the working group has been largely covered by a desk study completed in 2009.Further and more country specific contributions to the first objective will be made with the resultsfrom the case studies and field work.

Regarding the second objective, the first field research study in the DRC has been undertaken betweenSeptember and December 2009. A report is currently being drafted. Three more field research studiesare scheduled for 2010 (see under Activities for more information) and 2011.

The working group has worked towards the third objective, through the collaborative production of adesk study report that was subsequently disseminated among relevant audiences via the emailnetworks of the partners in the working group as well as amongst the other working groups of thenetwork and published online (see for locations under Activities). The presentation of the report wasdone at a workshop organized in cooperation with PSO (see for more info under Activities), whichnot only provided a platform for discussion with an interested audience from NGOs, policymakersand academics, but also resulted in concrete input for the working groups future activities, inparticular the field research in the case-studies. The working group intends to organize similar events

after the completion of each field study.


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II. Activities

Planned activities:

The research proposal stated that the first activities would be to make an inventory of lessons learnedin community-based DDR; an inventory of lessons learned in state-centered DDR; and an inventoryof present NGO and donor policies and practices. With these inventories, the working group plannedto produce a comprehensive desk study in 2009. It also planned to disseminate the findings of thecollaborative research.

As already stated in the initial proposal of the working group, proper field research on this subjectrequires an in-depth and extensive ethnographic approach. Therefore, every case study will take upto 6 months in total, of which one month reading and preparation, 3 months in the field, and 2months report writing. The work will be undertaken in teams of two. The exact division of labor

between the involved researchers depends on the respective expertise, working methods andavailable time of the involved partners.

The working group has chosen four countries in which field work will be undertaken, namelyBurundi, Colombia, DRC and Sudan. The exact design of each case study will be elaborated by theresearchers who will undertake the field work. To this end they will hold joint meetings and thegeneral set up of the case research and the applied methodological approach will be submitted to thefull working group for suggestions and coordination purposes. In the case studies, the researcherswill among others look at the security needs (as perceived at both local and national level), availablecommunity security initiatives as well as DDR initiatives in the area of research, the needs theseinitiatives address and/or fail to address, and where possible linkages exist between bottom-up andtop-down security initiatives.After each case study a report will be published and at the end of the project a synthesis study of thework will be drafted. During the entire project one of the objectives is the sharing and dissemination

of the initiatives results to relevant audiences of policy-makers, academicians and practitioners, bothin the North and in the South. Partners and researchers will therefore aim to contribute to ongoingdiscussions, conferences, etc. The exact planning and scheduling of these events will take place on the

basis of the experiences and interest rose during the fieldwork and hence be and evolving projectsubject to a rolling planning.

For 2009, the field work for one of the case studies was planned, namely in DRC, to be carried out byCCS and IKV Pax Christi in the second half of 2009.

Progress activities:

In the first half of 2009 an inventory was made of lessons learned in community-based DDR; in state-

centered DDR; and of present NGO and donor policies and practices. These have been analyzed and adesk study report Security Promotion in Fragile States: Can Local Meet National? has been published inAugust 2009.2 The work was jointly carried out by CCS, IKV Pax Christi, CICAM and CRU. Each ofthe partners was responsible for one or more of the components of the desk study:

- Community-based DDR: CCS and IKV Pax Christi- State-centered DDR: CICAM (with input from CRU)- Present NGO and donor policies and practices: CCS and CRU

All other partners were invited to give comments and suggestions throughout the work on the report,and final editing was done by all the authors of the report (CCS, IKV Pax Christi, CICAM, and CRU).

2 Willems, R, W. Verkoren, M. Derks, J. Kleingeld, G. Frerks & H. Rouw (2009) Security Promotion in Fragile States: Can LocalMeet National. The Hague: Working Group on Community Security and Community-based DDR in Fragile States.


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The report has been widely distributed on the internet, at the Millenniumakkoorden website, theGFN-SSR Network, Reliefweb, the Centre for Security Sector Management, the PSDNetwork Website,while it also has appeared on several other relevant websites. To further contribute to thedissemination of the working groups activities, a workshop was organized on 3 September 2009 inThe Hague in cooperation with PSO. This workshop, attended by about 50 participants, has alsoprovided input for the further activities of the working group during the second phase. A report onthe conference was distributed in September 2009.3 The DDR working group also has participated in aPSD-broad conference on 28 May 2009, where its approach and methodology have been debated via aposter presentation.

The second phase consisting of field research in the DRC, Burundi, Colombia, and Sudan commenced as planned in the second half of 2009, with a first field research project in eastern DRC.Hans Rouw (IKV Pax Christi) and Rens Willems (CCS) did research in Ituri, North Kivu and SouthKivu from 26 September to 12 December 2009. The report is scheduled for completion in early 2010.The three other field studies are planned for 2010 and 2011.

3 Willems, R., H. Rouw & C. Oudes (2009) Proceedings Workshop Schokland Security Promotion in Fragile States, TheaterConcordia, The Hague, The Netherlands, 3 September 2009.


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III. Results/Output

Planned results/output:

For 2009 the finalization of the desk study and the undertaking of the first case study were planned.The desk study was to be an inventory of lessons learned in community-based DDR; an inventory oflessons learned in state-centered DDR; and an inventory of present NGO and donor policies andpractices. It also was to critically analyze these lessons learned and policies and practices. The goal ofthe field studies is to map local security initiatives and the basis of these initiatives, and to find waysin which such local security initiatives can feed into wider security interventions such as DDR, but ifrelevant also SSR and wider reconciliation efforts.

Progress results/output

The first activity undertaken by the working group was the writing of a conceptual paper based on adesk-study and literature review, on the connections between on the one hand community security

and community security mechanisms, and on the other national and in some cases community-basedDDR programs. This report was completed in August 2009. The working group defined communitysecurity both as an end state (in which communities feel safe from threats) and a process (in whichcommunities are active participants in the shaping and implementing of security mechanisms). Wefound that internationally supported national DDR programs tend to take a very top-down approach,that does not often include a focus on community security, either as an end or as a process. There isoften little time, nor inclination, to take a serious participatory approach. This makes that there isoften little buy-in from local communities into DDR programs, or leads to programs that go aheadwithout a proper understanding of the local situation. Moreover, from a human security perspective,this top-down approach fails to ensure the human security of the ex-combatants, as well as that of thelocal population. As such, DDR programs miss some opportunities that could make them moreeffective in achieving their goal of enhancing peace and security for the state as well as its citizens.

The working group has also seen that there are many ways in which communities organize their ownsecurity Gun Free Zones, community-based policing etc. - and that there are many possibilities tolink DDR programs to these community initiatives for example by seeing DDR as a way to achievecommunity security as an end state. On the other hand at the workshop it was found that DDRinitiatives have to start quickly after a peace agreement during a narrow window of opportunity andoften lack of time, managerial space and capabilities to adopt a broader security approach.

The field research in DRC has been undertaken at the end of 2009. A small article based on the fieldresearch has been published in the PSD Network Newsletter. Moreover, the results of the fieldresearch have been discussed during a breakout session of the PSD conference on 15 January 2010. Afinal report of the DRC field research is expected in the beginning of 2010. The results and output ofthe other field studies are expected in 2010 and 2011, after which a synthesis study will be written in

2011


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VI. Contribution to the PSD Network

Contributing to the overall results of the PSD network, the working group distributed its reportsamongst other members of the Network, participated in the PSD conferences in May 2009 and

January 2010, preparation which started in 2009 already, and included constant consultation withother working groups during its fieldwork. The working group also benefits from high levels ofinteraction with other working groups due to dual memberships. In this way knowledge of relevantactivities of other working groups is in close reach.

Members of the group have also collaborated with other working group members with regard to thewriting of a paper on the fragile state discourse that is due to be published soon. This paper is basedon an extensive literature review of articles written on fragile statehood, state building and armedconflict. Already in unpublished form, this paper has contributed to a widening of the overall focus ofthe network. This report is critical of the fragile state discourse and offers other discourses, such as thehybrid political orders, which can strengthen our approach in fragile states. During the conferencewhich was held on the 28th, this working paper was central in one of the discussion sessions. In the

conference on the 15th of January, the concept of hybrid states was a recurrent topic, and also in thefield studies of many working groups, the underlying conclusions of the fragile state discourse paperplay an important role.

The interaction with the Ministries has somewhat intensified during the course of the project, but westrive to make further improvements in this regard. Also new contacts have been made with relevantactors outside the Network, including UNIDIR (Geneva), the World Bank (Washington), and PeaceDirect (London).


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Gender and Conflict Initiative for Fragile States

Working Group Chair: Center for Conflict Studies/ Georg Frerks

Working Group Partners: WGNRR, CRU, OXFAM, CCS, MinBuza, MinDef

I. ObjectivesPlanned objectives

1) To make an inventory of existing networks and institutions working on this particular field.2) To carry out an inventory of recent studies and publications to provide an overview of recent,

innovative developments and approaches and to derive the lessons learned.3) To conceptualize state failure in a gender-specific way. This has later been operationalized through

the production of five separate working papers (see section III, outputs).4) To conceptualize the topics of masculinity, female leadership and reproductive and sexual healthrights.

5) To collate the findings in an interim report and share and discuss the results in a seminar withinternational policy-makers and practitioners, as well as Southern Partners

Progress objectives

1) The WGNRR, in cooperation with the CCS, has made an inventory of existing networks andinstitutions who work on gender related issues in fragile context. Both western organizations and wellas local organizations within fragile states were mapped. This was accomplished by an extensiveinternet research and it was followed up by a questionnaire which was sent out to all these variousorganizations. This questionnaire required them to report their specific activities and the

questionnaires which were returned gave us a clear picture of programs and projects which wereimplemented in some fragile states. The responses were saved electronically as a database to informfurther steps of the working group. As such they were not intended for publication.

2) Throughout 2009 the CCS and Clingendael have done an extensive literature review on the topics ofstate fragility, gender and fragility, gender and development, gender and conflict, gender and hybridpolitical orders. Both academic literature and so-called grey literature was examined. One of themain lessons we have learned was that, although there was a rich trajectory ever since the 70s whichfirst strived for a greater role for women in development programs (WID) and later for more gendersensitivity in development programs (GAD), gender was almost completely absent in donor policyregarding fragile states.

3) WGNRR has produced a paper which connects reproductive and sexual health rights, masculinityand state fragility. Clingendael in cooperation with the WGNRR have produced an introductory

paper on masculinity. Oxfam Novib has produced a paper on female leadership.4) Throughout 2009 the CCS and Clingendael have produced five working papers. In these papers weexamined the links between gender and fragile states. We established that there are very clear links

between gender and fragile states and that fragile states are a highly gendered phenomenon.5) A draft version of the interim report has been produced and currently the chair of the working group,

Prof. Georg Frerks is finalizing this report. A seminar with southern partners, international expertsand practitioners is planned on the 16 th and 17th of March, 2010. The main purpose of this seminar is toprepare for the field research which will be undertaken in 2010 and 2010. The seminar was initiallyplanned in November 2009, but we were forced to postpone it because the research output was notyet ready for publication and also for logistical reasons. Similarly, a meeting with policy-makers at theMinistry of Foreign Affairs is rescheduled for February. The main purpose of this meeting is sharingand discussing the policy implications of the work done with stakeholders in the Dutch policydomains.


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II. Activities

Planned activities

1) To make an inventory of existing networks and institutions working on this particular fieldthrough an internet research and to follow this up by a questionnaire.

2) To carry out an extensive literature review of recent studies and publications to provide anoverview of recent, innovative developments and approaches and to derive the lessons learnedon:

- Masculinity- Female Leadership- Reproductive and sexual health and rights

3) To produce five working papers which conceptualize state fragility in a gender specific way.4) To write a synthesis paper which summarizes the findings of the working papers.5) The working group planned regular meetingsProgress activities

1) As stated on the previous page, the WGNRR has made an inventory of existing networks andinstitutions who work on gender related issues in fragile context. This was accomplished by anextensive internet research and it was followed up by a questionnaire which was sent out tothese various organizations, inquiring to their specific activities. However, because of a fairlylimited reply rate and because many organizations do not regularly update their websites, anextensive mapping of all relevant current activities within fragile states was not possible as theresults did not allow for it.

2) As stated on the previous page, the CCS and Clingendael have conducted an extensive literaturereview on the topics relating to the linkages of state fragility and gender. By now we have quitean extensive overview of publications and we have derived some important lessons which have

been put into working papers. However, there is still more literature to be explored and this willbe an ongoing process.

3) The CCS and Clingendael have produced five internal working papers. Clingendael has furtherproduced a draft paper on masculinity and state fragility, Oxfam Novib has written a paper onfemale leadership and state fragility, the WGNRR has produced a paper on reproductive andsexual health rights and state fragility & masculinity.

4) There is now a draft of the synthesis paper. The synthesis paper draws upon the conclusion of allthe internal working papers and it is currently being finalized. It could not be ready earlieraccording to schedule as it had to wait till the other papers were finalized. There is also a draftfor the research proposal for the field research which will be conducted in 2010 and 2011. This

proposal serves as input for the seminar on the 16th and 17th of March, 2010.5) The working group met on a regular basis throughout 2009.


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III. Results/OutputPlanned results/output

1) Inventory of existing networks2) Inventory of lessons learned3) Working papers which conceptualize the gendered nature of state fragility.4) A synthesis paper which summarizes the working papers5) A paper specifically focusing on masculinity and fragile states6) A paper specifically focusing on female leadership and fragile states7) A paper specifically focusing on reproductive and sexual health rights.Progress results/output

1) WGNRR has made an inventory of existing networks in an excel sheet, based on the internetresearch and the questionnaires sent out. CCS has received the replies and incorporated relevantfindings in the working papers produced. Furthermore, the results also informed us in the choiceof the empirical studies to be carried out in 2010.

2) There is not yet a completed inventory of lessons learned, but the working papers do identifysome lessons learned and these will further be reported upon in the synthesis paper presentlyunder preparation, that will specifically focus on policy aspects.

3) There are five internal working papers which conceptualize the gendered nature of statefragility.

- Working Paper 1.1 explores the question what is state fragility?- Working Paper 1.2 situates gender in the international discourse and policy

development of fragile states.- Working Paper 1.3 establishes the linkages between gender and state fragility.- Working Paper 1.4 looks at divergence and convergence in the various gender equality

and state fragility indexes.- Working Paper 1.5 discusses the connection between gender and the hybrid political

ordering of fragile states.4) A synthesis paper which summarizes the five working papers into one coherent document is

being finalized currently.5) We produced a paper which focuses specifically on the relation between masculinity and fragile

states6) We produced a paper specifically focusing on female leadership and fragile states7) We produced a paper specifically focusing on reproductive and sexual health rights8) We have produced a preliminary research proposal for the field research in 2010 and 2011.


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IV. Contributions to the overall network:The working group on gender and Conflict has contributed to the collaboration and exchange of

knowledge in several ways.1) Through a poster presentation to a PSD network seminar which was held on the 28th of May,

2009 in The Hague. This has informed and helped the other groups to realize the importanceof a gendered approach to state fragility and to inform other groups about the cross cuttingnature of gender and therefore the relevance of gender issues within their own workinggroups.

2) Members of the working group were present at report presentations of other working groups.For example the presentation of the Community Based DDR working group report oncommunity based DDR where we have shared our knowledge on gender.

3) Members of the group have also collaborated with other working group members with regardto the writing of a paper on the fragile state discourse that is due to be published soon. Thispaper is based on an extensive literature review of articles written on fragile statehood, state

building and armed conflict. Already in unpublished form, this paper has contributed to awidening of the overall focus of the network. This report is critical of has led to thedevelopment of a joint conceptual understanding of the nature of the fragile state discourseand offers other discourses, such as its major critiques. These mutual debates have also beenvery instrumental in the framing of the notion of hybrid political orders, which can strengthenour approach was a major issue of discussion in fragile states.

4) E-mail by the working group chair to all other working groups in the network to mainstreamgender.

5) Finally, the chair of the working group has assisted the Network Secretariat ClingendaelInstitute in discussing overarching activities in the PSD Network.

Poster presentation Gender, PSDNetwork conference May 28th


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Strengthening Local Government Capacity for Peace building and

Reconstruction in Fragile States

Working Group Chair: VNG International/Arne MuschWorking Group Partners: IKV-Pax Christi, Wageningen University, VNG International,

CIMICBat, MinBuza, GPPAC, KIT, CCS, CRU-Clingendael

I. ObjectivesThe objectives of this working group are to generate knowledge on the role of local governments inconflict and reconstruction; to strengthen the capacity of local governments in contributing to peace

building, reconstruction and development; to suggest ways in which international actors may supportthis capacity.

II. Activities1) Seminars on civil-military cooperation

In these civil-military cooperation seminars (white meets green), civilian and military experts meetto exchange operational and local policy knowledge. A shared conceptual framework will bedeveloped which focuses on content discussions on the distribution of responsibilities and formalroles will be avoided.These have not taken place in 2009 and the working group is running behind schedule on this issue.

2) Study local government interventions from a European viewpointThis activity served to inject European perspectives into the debate. The considerations, ideas andvisions behind the policy of our neighbors on the role of municipalities in fragile states will beanalyzed and lessons learned in practical implementation have been distilled.Mr Fons van Overbeek of the Centre for Conflict studies produced a draft report in 2009. It identifiesissues on which donor policy is congruent with building local government capacity (but which maystill require donors to better stick to the policies they themselves have designed). It also identifiesinconsistencies in policies, calling for a judgment call between competing values that better serveslocal governments. Mr Van Overbeek presented an outline of this study at the network conference of

January 2010. It is available on request.


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3) Seminar Peace versus development?This activity evolved into a number of activities. Firstof all, a seminar took place on 5 March 2009, in TheHague. It was organized by Dr Gemma Van der Haarof Wageningen University and Mr Dion Van den Bergof IKV Pax Christi. Some 80 people from localgovernment, police and military, science, aid agenciesand donor agencies, and embassies attended. ProfBruce Baker (UK) and Dr Kenneth Bush (Canada)presented their perspectives on, respectively, localgovernments role in community security and peace &conflict impact assessment. A panel discussion onpractical ways to support local governments tookplace.

This seminar informed a broad range of actors. Thereport with the input paper is available upon requestand will be available shortly at www.ikvpaxchristi.nl.The outputs have not yet been reworked in articles inpublication. This remains to be done in 2010.

As second activity, a research on Dutch municipalitiesco-operation with counterparts in fragile and post-conflict states started in October 2009. The researcherof Wageningen University conducted this research asan intern at the office of IKV Pax Christi. The seminarwith Dutch municipalities and others, where theprovisional results were presented, took place in theWageningen Town Hall, January 21, 2010. In thecourse of March 2010, the final report will bedisseminated, in the Dutch language. An Englishversion will follow soon. Input paper and reports will be available at www.ikvpaxchristi.nl.

An extra financial contribution by the city of The Hague enabled us to develop the activity SeminarPeace versus development? into this larger project.

4) Case studies Local government and reconstructionAccording to the original plan, three case studies on local government on fragile states would beconducted with the objective to gain in-depth knowledge about the role of local governments in thereconstruction of the state and society at the local level in regions emerging from conflict. The casestudies were meant to provide a better understanding of local actors and strategies in peace buildingand reconstruction. In the Annual Plan for 2009, it was decided to conduct two case studies in 2009and the third one in 2010. In practice, two case studies (in Burundi and Kosovo) were carried betweenOctober 2009 and January 2010, with the country reports being currently drafted. The third casestudy, on Southern Sudan was started in November 2009, to be continued with a further two monthsof field work in June/July 2010. The shift in the programming of the case studies was related amongstother things to events on the ground and political developments (notably elections) in the threeregions.


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The selection of the cases was done on the basis of an inventory study on local government in fragilestates (activity I) which yielded preliminary insights into the different kinds of situations encounteredacross the spectrum of fragile states and the challenges local governments face. Criteria of feasibilityand field access were also taken into consideration. This phase was concluded with a report presentedat the seminar held on March 5 (see previous item).

The case studies involved field visits to selected municipalities within the three selected states. Theset-up was interactive, involving joint analysis with local actors. Research teams were made ofresearchers from Disaster Studies, Master-level students of Wageningen University, people from localorganizations and received feedback on a regular from members in the working group. In theBurundi case, KIT and VNG International played an important role; the Kosovo and Sudan caseswere coordinated primarily with IKV Pax Christi, while also receiving input from VNG International.

The field work of each of the studies in Burundi and Kosovo was concluded with two workshops, onein the region where the field work was done and one in the capital, to share and validate insights andgenerate debate on the role of international support. The country reports, drafted in coordinationwith the local counterparts, are in their final stages and will be available in one or two months. TheSudan paper is expected to be finalized after the summer. The synthesis report to be drafted on the

basis of the country reports is due for end of Summer/early Spring of 2010, and academicpublications are being prepared for 2010.

Some of the insights that have been generated so far are:- National political developments (e.g. elections) and decentralization programmes have a

strong impact on the room for manoeuvre of local actors, including local government. Therole of local governments in reconstruction and peace-building depends on the capacities,resources and interest of local actors to use and enlarge that room for manoeuvre.

- International interventions play an important role in shaping the possibilities of localgovernments, not only through their involvement in decentralization plans, but also becausemuch of the funding for reconstruction, managed by local governments, comes frominternational donors. This is in tension with the ambition to further local, horizontalaccountabilities rather than vertical ones.

- Local governance clearly reflects situations of institutional multiplicity, be these parallel ornon-state governance structures or civil society groups. The nature of the interactions(accommodations and antagonisms) between these is in flux, in relation to broader politicaldevelopment. We should approach such multiplicity not as a problem but recognise topotential it entails to build local order, stability and security.

- The role that local governments can play depends to an important extent on the mobilizationof other local groups and citizens. Current interventions show a big hiatus on this point andmore attention should be given to working on the interfaces of local government actors withother local actors, as well as to promote both a sense of public responsibility andresponsiveness in local officials and the voice and representation of local citizens.

5) [Inventory] Study local government interventions from a multilateral viewpointThis activity mirrored the European perspectives activity, at the level of some multilateralorganizations. The output and results were similar.


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III. Results/OutputCooperation and coordination in 2009

The working group on local government and local governance would like to point out that itsmeetings and activities have resulted in increased cooperation and coordination between members in2009. This is not a direct result but nevertheless an outcome to which the network aspires. Concreteexamples of internal results are:

- Joint decisions on terms of reference of case studies and on seminar designs betweenWageningen University, IKV Pax Christi and KIT.

- Sharing of terms of reference and designs with the legitimate state building group and theDDR group of the network. Dr Van der Molen and Mr Willems of these groups attended ourmeeting of 22 June 2009.

- Involvement of the Clingendael Institute in supervising Wageningen students in Burundi andKosovo, with Clingendael and VNG International funding. This way, the ClingendaelInstitute effectively joined the working group.

- Funding of a trip of Mr Van Overbeek of the Centre for Conflict Studies to gather data for thepolicy studies, by VNG International.- Signature of a strategic cooperation agreement, among others on fragile areas in Africa

between IKV Pax Christi and VNG International. IKV Pax Christi and VNG Internationaltogether presented a proposal for local government related activities that will be incorporatedin the MFS-II application of the Cordaid alliance, with main focus on DRC, Uganda, Burundiand Sudan

- Disaster Studies at WUR and VNG International jointly initiated a panel on local governmentand humanitarian aid in the 1st World Conference on Humanitarian Studies in February 2009,which also allowed building new contacts with scholars and practitioners working in thisniche.

- Related to the involvement of Fons van Overbeek (as PhD candidate) and Gemma van derHaar, the issue of local governance has gained prominence in the IS Academy on FragileStates, coordinated by Disaster Studies at WUR.

- An additional internship was organized at IKV Pax Christi with a student from the MasterInternational Development Studies of WUR, from Nov 2009- Jan 2010.

- Working group members acted as guest lecturers at Wageningen University, TwenteUniversity, Utrecht University and the NATO CIMIC Centre of Excellence.

- At the VNG Congress on municipal international co-operation (November 2009), a workinggroup and part of the plenary session were devoted to reflection on Dutch municipalitiesinvolvement in fragile states.

In short, the trust of working group members remained high in 2009, enabling us to combine efforts,

sometimes small in terms of resources individually applied but quite synergetic in their effects.

That said we are not entirely satisfied on the following accounts. First, engaging the military, essentialin comprehensive approaches, has turned out to be difficult. White meets green meetings werepostponed (see above). CIMIC Bat 1s responsibility for a PRT rotation in Uruzgan explains this butsadly does not undo this. Second, our impression is that aid architecture is geared to large, multi-lateral mechanisms in UNDP, joint donor trust funds and the like who put most of their resources instrengthening the central government before strengthening local governments. Our view is that thisapproach creates serious problems, as this enables central government to become a problem (again).While our views on making sense and not doing harm at the local level finds a sympathetic receptionin the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, weve had no indications in 2009 that any of the large fundingmechanisms are under serious review. Third and lastly, we find local government capacity

interventions and local civil society initiatives unlinked as a result of the ways donors structure aid.


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Fortunately, the working group scored some points in influencing policy in 2009:Concrete proposals on local governance made to the Knowledge Round Table on Fragile States of theMinistry of Foreign Affairs.

- Insertion of a section on local government and decentralization in NATOs CIMIC doctrineAJP 9 as drafted by the NATO CIMIC Centre of Excellence in Enschede.

- Production of a critical poster on local dynamics for the network conference of May 2009,which met a critical but enthusiastic reception.4

- The Clingendael Institute organized a large scientific conference about non-state diplomacyin June 2009, which included city diplomacy.

- Furthermore, VNG International delivered a presentation on city diplomacy at thehumanitarian studies conference in Groningen in February 2009.5

- Working group members played roles as discussants and resource persons in an IDS/PSOseminar on Local governance in fragile settings, targeting Dutch NGOs and aiming tosensitize them on the issue of local governance; November 2009, The Hague.

4 See for the Network Conference Report: www: http://www.clingendael.nl/psdn/documents.html5 See the website: http://www.clingendael.nl/psdn/documents_strengthening_local_governance.html


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Multi-stakeholder processes, service delivery and state-institutions

Working Group Chair: Management School of Maastricht / Huub MuddeWorking Group Partners: Wageningen University, CCS, Oxfam Novib, MinBuza

I. Objectives

The overall research objectives of the project on Multi-stakeholder processes, service delivery andstate institutions are defined as:

- Gain insights in how donor-facilitated and more locally initiated MSPs contribute to theperformance and governance of service delivery, with a focus on fragile contexts;

- Find out whether the legitimacy of state-institutions is influenced by a change in performanceand governance of services, through multi-stakeholder processes;

- Identify main bottlenecks and critical success factors of MSPs on service delivery in fragilesettings;

- Make recommendations on how international donors can strengthen the effectiveness andlegitimacy of state-institutions through multi-stakeholder processes.

In order to achieve these objectives, the following deliverables are defined for 2009-2011:- Development of an analysis/ evaluation model on how multi-stakeholder partnerships

influence the effectiveness and legitimacy of state institutions. The model attempts to capturecomplexity, including expected causal linkages, to inform both donor approaches andevaluations. The ambition is to make it contextually adaptable, implementable by localresearchers.

- Evaluation of multi-stakeholder partnerships in 5 countries that have different characteristicsof fragility, with emphasis on donor strategies. Special attention should be given to questionson what is perceived to be just and equitable in the selected sectors with respect to the globaleconomic political context.

- Publications:- Creation of a guide based on lessons learnt by which civil society donors as well as

public sector donors and local policy makers can be assisted on how to link state-building, service delivery and stability. With this research based on an analysis ofmulti-stakeholder interactions we aim to provide a guide to assess project design andimplementation from a holistic state-building perspective (bottom-up and top-down).

- An academic publication focusing on the analytical framework and a comparison ofthe five cases.

- Sharing information on effectiveness and legitimacy of state-building efforts in fragile statesby:

- Organizing validation and dissemination workshops;- Organizing an international conference at the end of the project period;- Producing policy briefs.

The working group had planned to finalize deliverable 1 and start with deliverable 2 in 2009.

Progress objectives in 2009

Deliverable 1 was further specified as development of a framework, which is used to analyze thecontribution of MSPs to service delivery and to the legitimacy of state-institutions. In the first months

of joint cooperation, the working group focused on coordination of the (academic) expertise availablewithin the group and structuring the activities required to set up the model.


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This has led to the adjustment and fine tuning of the original deliverable, namely: the effectiveness ofstate-institutions is now incorporated in performance legitimacy and will therefore not be studiedseparately through the analytical framework.

Regarding deliverable two, the working group planned to start the study of MSPs in 3 countries,namely Ethiopia, Palestinian Territories and DR Congo. Research in each of the case countries wasplanned to be done in collaboration with local researchers and had to be concluded with a workshop,in order to validate findings, draw conclusions and formulate country-specific recommendations.

For Ethiopia, two MSP cases were planned to be analyzed, of which one has been performed in 2009.The local researcher has the lead in performing the fieldwork, supported by MSM researcher. Thefinal country report is expected to be ready by the second half of 2010. The case study in Ethiopia waspartly delayed due to the complications faced before and during fieldwork, because the context ofEthiopia appeared not to fit the background of the theoretical framework. Therefore, it was decided-in consultation with the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Ethiopia to give Ethiopia aseparate status and study the MSPs in the country through an adapted framework.

The case study of Palestinian Territories is well underway. It is expected that the objectives for thePalestinian case study will be achieved by the second half of 2010.

In DRC, the case studies will be performed in 2010. The planned fieldwork was postponed, partlybecause it was decided to use the lessons learned from studies in Ethiopia and in PalestinianTerritories (as two pilot case studies) as input to improve the framework and methodology.Therefore, it was decided to await the findings in the other countries prior to initiating fieldwork inDRC.

In the following sections, the activities required to achieve these deliverables (as agreed in theworking group document Activity Plan 2009) and the corresponding outputs related to theactivities are described. Moreover, additional activities performed with regard to project managementare also listed separately.

II. Activities

Planned activities Deliverable 1:

- Activity 1.1 Selection of local research partner in Ethiopia, Palestinian Territories and DRCongo planned deadline December 2009: by working with the local partner, the project willcontribute to building research capacity. It is the intention that through this cooperation, theresearch format and outputs will be contextually adaptable and implementable by local

researchers. Hence, the elaboration of this proposal into a hands-on research framework willbe done with the local partners in the first part of the actual project. These partners will beselected from within the existing networks of the project partners, and can be a local researchinstitutes or a NGOs.

- Activity 1.2 Literature review, theoretical framework and methodologies planned deadlineSeptember 2009: in order to develop a model with concrete methodologies to analyzeeffectiveness and legitimacy of state-institutions and MSPs, a theoretical framework will bedeveloped, in close collaboration with the local researchers, taken into account the contextualdifferences and existing literature and models.

- Activity 1.3 Inventory and selection of MSPs in Ethiopia, Palestinian Territories and DRCongo planned deadline December 2009: due to the diverse context of selected countries,an initial mapping of the present MSPs should be performed. A light screening of MSPs will

enable to define possible characteristics of MSPs and will contribute to the development ofthe model. The project partners will first explore whether formal and informal MSPs exist in


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the services/ utilities in the country of research, according to criteria defined in the theoreticalframework (activity 1.2). The final decision for cases to be analyzed will be based on thisscreening. This activity will be start in 2009 for 3 countries, namely Palestinian territories,Ethiopia and DR Congo; Nepal and a fifth country [to be decided] will follow in 2010. Theoutcome of this activity will determine the cases to be studied. Moreover, insights gainedfrom this screening will be used as input to fine-tune the theoretical framework. Amongothers, it will take into account information about country and causes of fragility, and thespecific characteristics of MSPs.

- Activity 1.4 Operationalization and development of the model planned deadline September2009: Based on the literature review, theoretical framework, context specific information(provided by local researchers) and the mapping exercise of MSPs, the evaluation model will

be developed and operationalize.

Planned activities deliverable 2- Activity 2.1 Field work, evaluating identified MSPs planned deadline 3 countries in 2009, 2

in 2010

Other planned activities- Coordination & project administration, planned deadline ongoing: project coordination,

planning and reporting (including annual plans, reports and accounts, including auditorsreport)

Progress activities

Activity 1.1 Selection of local research partner

Activity Organization & status

Formulate ToR localresearcher

MSM (Ethiopia)/ UU (Pal. Territories): finalizedWUR (DRC): ongoing

Recruit local researcher MSM: exploratory mission to Ethiopia in March 2009 to meet withpotential partners. Activity finalized: local researcher, Dr. Fenta MandefrorecruitedUU: Exploratory mission to Palestinian Territories to discuss project withpotential research partner(s) took place on 10-15 July 2009, including visitto Dutch Representative Office in Ramallah to present project.WUR: Two preparatory visits have been made to DRC where discussionswere held with a number of potential researchers. A final decision has yetto be made.

Get formal commitment oflocal research partner, signMoU, contract 2 local

researchers (1 per sector)

MSM: 1 contract signed with local researcher to study 1st MSP case inwaterUU: collaboration established with Palestinian Hydrology Group - PHG

WUR: ongoing for both case studies (DRC and Nepal)

Activity 1.2 Literature review, theoretical framework and methodologies


Individual meeting withall partners in NL todiscuss current proposaland final concept ofstructure + division oflabor (who will write

which section oftheoretical framework)

MSM has taken the lead to structure the framework and coordinate theinput per organization. MSM hosted a 2 day write shop in June 2009,where all partners were present to discuss the theoretical framework and

booked progress in writing


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Writing & revision For the analytical framework and methodologies each organization hascontributed the following, for which extensive literature review wasconducted and MSM has done the coordination and final editing:

Chapter 1:Introduction (WUR)Chapter 2: The changing role of the state and state-society relations (UU)Chapter 3: Service delivery in post conflict settings (WUR)Chapter 4: Multi-stakeholder processes (MSM)Chapter 5: Research Methodology (MSM).

MSM, WUR and UU actively participated in providing feedback on thechapters written by the other working group members.Chapter 2 is continuation of the joint working paper written by: Overbeek,F. van; Hollander, T.; Van der Molen, I.; Willems, R.; Frerks, G. and L.Anten. 2009. Peace Security and Development Network, Working Paper1. Several sections from this working paper are included in this chapterwith permission from the authors.In addition, an extensive research protocol for conducting fieldwork(including a detailed interview protocol) has been written by WUR withinput from all the other working group members. It will be used by localresearch partners to execute field studies.

Feedback received fromlocal research partners onthe proposed structureand framework

Feedback from Ethiopia and Palestinian Territories was incorporated intothe theoretical framework by MSM and in the research protocol by WUR.UU provided elaborate feedback on both documents.

Activity 1.3 Inventory and selection of MSPs


Initial mapping

exercise of MSPsby localresearchers, basedon theoreticalframework

In Ethiopia, the local research partner has selected

two MSM cases (in close collaboration with MSMresearchers);In Palestinian Territories 4 cases have beenselected;

In DR Congo, a choice was made for the sectors tobe studied (water and electricity) during thepreparatory visit to DRC.

Final selection ofMSPs to bestudied (based onset criteria)

MSM/ UU: finalized in 2009.Two cases have been selected in Ethiopia, namelyORDA in Bahir Dar and RWSEP in Bahir Dar, bothin the Amhara region and focused on water and

sanitation;In the Palestinian Territories 4 cases have beenselected: Groundwater well rehabilitation inQaalqilia and Tulkarem (irrigation water), TheZahret Alfinjan Dump Station (for solid waste) in

Jenin area, Small desalination stations fordesalination of drinking water in Albraj refugeecamp, Wastewater treatment in Kharass area (nearHebron).WUR: The actual selection for MSPs is yet to bemade in 2010.


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Activity 1.4 Operationalization and development of the model

Activity Who

Set-up of the methodology(Operationalization)

All parties contributed to this activity: finalized. In order to maximizethe learning effect, the working group decided to use the first casestudies in Ethiopia and in the Palestinian Territories as pilot studies,which could provide input for the fine-tuning of the theoreticalframework and the methodologies.UU has performed an elaborate pilot study in the Palestinian Territoriesto operationalize and contextualize the conceptual framework,indicators and interview protocol.MSM has performed a pilot study in Ethiopia and developed themethodology chapter, based on input by WUR and UU.

Refinement methodology+ final draft of conceptualframework

MSM, WUR, UU actively engaged in discussions on the analyticalframework and participated in providing feedback on the chapterswritten by the other working group members.

Preparation of requiredtools for analysis

(questions and interviewprotocol etc.)

Research protocol: in addition to the theoretical framework andmethodologies, a research protocol was developed by WUR, based on

elaborate input provided by MSM and UU.

Kick-off meeting inPalestinian Territories (16December 2009) andestablishment of anAdvisory Committee

In addition to the planned activities, UU organized a kick-off meeting inthe Palestinian Territories and established an Advisory Team for theproject through mutual consultation

Activity 2.1 Field work, evaluating identified MSPs

This activity was planned to start in 2009 for 3 countries, namely Palestinian Territories, Ethiopia andDR Congo; Nepal and a fifth country will follow in 2010.

Initially, it was planned to study multi-sector processes in two sectors in all countries, namely waterand education. However, since the opportunities to study MSPs in two or more sectors depend verymuch on the country context and practical ability of Dutch and local researchers to perform thestudies, the working group agreed to study per country at least two MSPs organized around services.Moreover, the services water and education have a differing nature and are not easily comparable.Therefore, it was decided, after elaborate discussions and consultation with Clingendael and Ministryof Foreign Affairs, to focus on basic service, specifically on utilities such as water, electricity,telecommunication and roads.


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Another aspect is the relation with partners of Oxfam Novib. As of the start of the research project, ithas been the intention to seek for their active involvement. This can be as subject of research a MSPin which a partner of Oxfam Novib participates or as local researcher. The former role is directlyrelated to the capacity development objective of the research through partnering with localresearchers. A third role that emerged in 2009 was the one of being member of an AdvisoryCommittee.By the end of 2009, the situation was as follows:

- Palestinian Territories: Oxfam Novib partner is subject of research and local researcher- Ethiopia: Oxfam Novib partner has been subject of research in one case; Oxfam Novib has no

involvement in the second case- Nepal: Oxfam Novib is not active in Nepal- DRC: still to be decided- 5th country: a match with an Oxfam Novib partner is an important criteria for the decision in

which country field research will be undertaken.It should be well understood that involvement of Oxfam Novib partners is desirable and that allworking group partners seek for a concrete match, but in reality this is often difficult to accomplishfor pragmatic reasons, like the availability of partners, their capacity, focus and approach ofintervention.

Activity Who

Interviews North (ifrelevant: internationaldonors, DGIS, Oxfam)

Cancelled, not necessary

Fieldwork and interviews(South): among localpartners, representatives

and local MSPsstakeholders in 3 countries

MSM: finalized by Ethiopian and MSM researchers for the 1st case studyon MSPs in the Amhara region, the 2nd study is taking place in February March 2010.

UU: The interviews for the first three MSP case studies are nearlycompleted, and the fourth one is about to start. In all these case studies,MSPs were involved in the implementation.

WUR: has not yet started the fieldwork in one of its countries (DRC orNepal). Amongst others this relates to the fact that the working groupdecided to use one country as pilot and incorporate the lessons learnedinto the focus/methodology before continuing with the other countries.The WUR fieldwork will be realized in 2010.

Activity 5.1 Coordination & project administrationActivity Who

Organize working groupmeetings if deemednecessary

MSM: organized a 2 day write shop in June 2009;UU facilitated the venue for working group meetings in Utrecht

Participate in workinggroup meetings

All working group members actively participated in meetings (March,June, July, and October). The working group has also organized a 2-daywrite-shop (June) for the drafting of the theoretical framework.

Participate in theReference Group (BZ,CRU, UU, HCCS, Cordaid,chairs working groups Knowledge Networklevel)

MSM has been active participant of Reference Group


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Communicate toClingendael on behalf ofthe working group ifdeemed necessary

MSM

Support/contributewhenever possibleactivities on KnowledgeNetwork level

MSM has been active participant in the core group that organized thefirst network conference on May 28, 2009.MSM has prepared, in close collaboration with other organizations aposter presentation, which was used during that specific conference.WUR and UU contributed to the break out session of the conference on

January 15, 2010.

Activity 5.2 Project administration planned deadline: ongoing

Activity Who

Annual planning of theproject

All, MSM lead as working group chair

Formal reporting toClingendael

All

Formulate mid-termreport 2009 (input foraction plan 2010 +reporting to KNVVO)

All

Formulate action plan2010

Done by MSM, formalized by all working group members in theOctober meeting.

External and internalpromotion of the programand model

As regards internal promotion: MSM presented the project during anexpert meeting organized within the organization in November; WURpresented chapter 3 of the analytical framework and discussed during aresearch seminar with colleagues at WUR.External promotion and dissemination is part of the 2010 action plan.


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III.Results/Output

Planned results/output in relation to deliverable 1

1. Literature review

2. Conceptual framework

3. 2 cases/sectors per country selected for analysis

4 (Concept) evaluation model

5 Policy brief, to be disseminated among CRU network (tentative)

6 Optional: interview protocol, based on the analysis model, which can be used for theanalysis of cases

Planned results/output in relation to deliverable 2

1. 3 country reports to be finalized in 2010

2. 3 workshop reports to be finalized in 2010

Planned results/output in relation to project management (act. 5 as stated in Activity Plan 2009)

1. Annual plans and reports

2. Effective and efficient project administration

3. Working group meetings

3. Meetings with Knowledge Network (KNVVO) partners

Progress results/output

The above described activities have resulted in concrete outputs in 2009, namely:- An analytical framework, including methodology: almost completed. It has been used as an

internal working document and the final version for external circulation is almost ready;- A research protocol: developed and is being adapted to a detailed interview guide for each of

the cases under study. This protocol can be used in order to facilitate and streamline thefieldwork;

- Lessons Learned report on the project preparation phase for the field research in thePalestinian Territories and in Ethiopia, with recommendations regarding: the development oftailored interview protocols, case-study selection process, development of context analysis,organization of a kick-off meeting, scaling-up of the research project

- Interview Protocol for MSPs in the Palestinian Territories- Activity Plan 2009- Minutes of meeting: 2-day write shop and other meetings- Poster presentation: used during the KNPSD conference on May 28, 2009


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Public Private Cooperation in Fragile States

Working Group Chair: Conflict Research Unit / Louise Anten, EVD/ Mike TimmermansWorking Group Partners: NABC, ICCO, CRU, EVD, Kadaster, Recovering Societies, Mary

Munnik Consultancy, Cordaid, MinBuza, FMO

I. ObjectivesIn 2009, the main purpose of this PPC working group has been the identification of potential PPCcases, opportunities and partners to contribute to fair and sustainable economic growth in fragilestates (on basis of case studies in South Sudan, DRC, Afghanistan). More concrete this working group

had four objectives:- Get detailed insight in pro-poor economic reconstruction in Afghanistan, in particular private

sector development- Acquire detailed insight in cooperation between partners from the public and private sectors

and NGOs in the economic reconstruction of Afghanistan- Prepare the ground for actual public-private cooperation- Share knowledge with partners and other interested persons

The following describes the activities that have been carried out in 2009 in more detail. 6

II. ActivitiesPPC Research Southern Sudan

1) Extensive field study into local needsAn extensive field study (four weeks) has been carried out in February 2009 into local needs andopportunities, conducted by international and local consultants from Southern Sudan. The field studywas organized and carried out under the responsibility of ICCO in Western and Central EquatorialState and concentrated on the current socio-economic needs in Southern Sudan.7 Activities of this partof the project have been finalized and the preliminary results of the study were directly transferred tothe members of the consecutive fact-finding mission in Juba.

2) Desk study and Joint fact finding mission- identification of PPC opportunitiesA two-week joint fact-finding mission to Juba and surroundings was carried out by research partnersin March 2009. The fact-finding mission was carried out by representatives from CRU Clingendael,EVD, NABC, ICCO, Cordaid and Kadaster International. Numerous private companies, NGOs,government bodies and international organizations were interviewed. The fact-finding mission wascarried out in close cooperation with the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs under theresponsibility of CRU. The joint fact-finding mission and the preceding desk studies contributed to a

better understanding of the views and the scope of the work by actors from the government, theprivate sector and NGOs. Activities of this part of the project have been finalized.

6 Please note that preparation of the activities have started already in the second half of 2008.7 A separate report on the outcomes of this field study (Report on the decentralised mission in Southern Sudan; Specht and v.Dorp et al, 2009).has been prepared by ICCO and is available at http://www.clingendael.nl/psdn/documents


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3) Round Table Event Juba

At the end of the fact-finding mission a round-table event for local stakeholders on PPC possibilitieswas organized in Juba (March 2009). During this one-day event, the preliminary results of the fact-finding mission and potential PPC opportunities were presented and tested with representatives fromprivate and public sector and from NGOs. Outcomes of this event were incorporated in the finalcountry report of the South Sudan PPC research.

4) Economic missionThe first-ever Dutch economic mission to Southern Sudan was organized in May 2009 by the NABCin close cooperation with the Royal Dutch Embassy in Khartoum and its representation in Juba inorder to identify concrete business opportunities and to introduce Dutch companies to the local

business environment. Besides representatives for the Dutch government and the business sector, anNGO was also present.

5) Call for proposalsIn September 2009 a call for proposals for Southern Sudan was launched. This call for proposals wasissued to encourage the formulation and preparation of a public private cooperation project inSouthern Sudan. The winning applicant (Duvilla and partners) has been granted 10.000 to furtherdevelop a PPC business plan for their waste management and land fill project in Southern Sudan. Theplan will be finalized in February 2010 and will be developed in close cooperation with Oxfam Noviband local partners.The selection of the proposals was done by an independent consultant together with the coordinatorsof the PPC working group, CRU and EVD.


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PPC Research DRC

1) Extensive field study- identification of local needsAn extensive field study into local needs, circumstances and opportunities for economic developmenthas been conducted by a team of international consultants and consultants from the DRC in April2009. The field study was carried out under the responsibility of ICCO in Eastern DRC (North Kivuand Ituri).8 Activities of this part of the project have been finalized.

2) Joint fact finding missionA joint fact-finding mission and a desk research have been carried out by research partners from theprivate sector (NABC), NGOs (ICCO, Movingpeople), and Kadaster International and CRUClingendael in May 2009. The fact-finding mission (ICCO, NABC and CRU Clingendael) focusedprimarily on the enabling environment for economic development for which several private actors,NGOs, government representatives and international organizations were interviewed both inKinshasa and Goma. Work plans for the research were made, but unfortunately two partners of theresearch could not participate in the actual fact-finding mission. This limited the research significantlyas did the logistical barrier between the East (Kivus) and the West (Kinshasa). The joint fact-findingmission contributed to a better understanding of the views and the scope of the work by actors fromthe government, the private sector and NGOs. Activities of this part of the project have beenfinalized.

3) Round Table EventA round-table event on PPCs has been organized by project partners in Goma in May 2009. Thepreliminary results of the fact-finding mission and field study as well as potential PPC opportunitieswere presented to and discussed with representatives from Congolese stakeholders (government,private sector and civil society). Activities of this part of the project have been finalized.

4) Economic missionThe first Dutch economic mission to the DRC since long time was organized by the NABC in August2009 in close cooperation with the Royal Dutch Embassy in Kinshasa in order to identify concrete

business opportunities and to introduce Dutch companies to the Congolese business environment.ICCO and EVD representatives joined the economic mission.9 Activities of this part of the projecthave been finalized.

5) Call for proposalsIn December 2009 a call for proposals for a PPC project in DRC has been opened. This call forproposals has been issued to encourage the formulation and preparation of a public privatecooperation project in DRC. The winning applicant (Schluter, a coffee importer in combination withSolidaridad Netherlands and local partners) was selected in February 2010 and will be granted 10.000 to further develop a PPC business plan for DRC.The selection of the proposals was done by an independent consultant together with the coordinatorsof the PPC working group, CRU and EVD.

Please note that Movingpeople has been partner in the DRC research until October 2009. Their

activities have been taken over by the other project partners.

8 A separate report of this field study is available: DRC PPC first phase field study, P Douma et al.

http://www.clingendael.nl/psdn/documents9 A practical funding guide (market scan) for private sector activities in the DRC was developed by the EVD, which has beenpresented to the participants of the economic mission (available at: http://www.clingendael.nl/psdn/.


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III. Results/Output

Reports

The above mentioned activities have jointly led to three Country Reports on PPC in Fragile StatesSouth; Sudan, the DR Congo, Afghanistan. Based on the findings of the various studies, these reportsdescribe the context of the countries, the business enabling environment, opportunities for privatesector development and PPC in particular and conclude with numerous recommendations onPublic private Cooperation. All reports include case studies, the South Sudan report more elaborated

but not yet functional, the DRC report more existing or emerging PPC cases, the Afghanistan reportdraws on four case studies of actual public-private cooperation. As the intended audience includes awide variety of readers, the reports are kept concise but comprehensive, combining factualinformation with more in-depth analyses with the intention to encourage PPC partnerships in thesecountries.

Hereunder a table of all produced reports by the PPC Working Group10

Title Author Date 2009

Southern Sudan

Public Private Partnerships in Fragile States:country report Southern Sudan

Working Group Sept

Public Private Cooperation in Fragile States:field study report Southern Sudan

Irma Specht & Mark van Dorp July

Public Private Cooperation in Fragile States:Annex F to the field study report Southern Sudan

Irma Specht & Mark van Dorp July

Financieringsmogelijkheden in Zuid Sudan EVD March

Democratic Republic of Congo

Public Private Partnerships in Fragile States:country report Democratic Republic of Congo

Working Group Dec

Public Private Cooperation in Fragile States:field study report DRC

Pyt Douma, Eppo Bolhuis,Dieuwke Klaver, Yves Zawadi, BertBosch

Financieringsmogelijkheden in DRC EVD July

Afghanistan

Public Private Partnerships in Fragile States:country report Afghanistan11

Working Group Jan

Case study 1 Trade point AfghanistanDistribution Centre

Njord Patisiana (RecoveringSocieties)

Sept

Case study 2: the case of the Baghlan CheeseFactory Gerrit Holtland Sept

Case study 3: the new Baghlan Sugar Company Mary Munnik, Shams Ur Rahman,Adela Raz

Sept

Case study 4: the development of a dried fruitsvalue chain

Mary Munnik, Freya van Os Sept

10 Available at: http://www.clingendael.nl/psdn/documents_public_private_collaboration.html11 project has been carried out in 2009 and is therefore included in this reporting period, even though actual publication ofsome products took place in 2010


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Meetings/DisseminationThe PPC working group has contributed to the public debate through the following activities. Pleasenote that some presentations have been at the request of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

- Joint PBSU/ DDE meeting- Presentation at a joint meeting of the Department for SustainableEconomic Development) and the Peacebuilding and Stabilization Unit (PBSU) of the DutchMinistry of Foreign Affairs in June 2009. The meeting was attended by various DutchGovernment, civil society and private sector stakeholders and aimed to identify opportunitiesof third parties to contribute to potential PPC initiatives of the PPC working group;

- IFC CASA meeting- Presentation at a World Bank/ International Finance CooperationMeeting in September 2009. The objective of the presentation was to illustrate how privatesector actors can be stimulated to invest in high-risk environments. The meeting wasattended by IFC representatives, Dutch MFA, the EVD, the NABC and some civil societyactors;

- Meeting in follow-up of the Motion Haverkamp- Presentation in response to the motionHaverkamp in a forthcoming meeting in October 2009. The meeting will attended by Dutchprivate sector actors, Dutch government actors and civil society;

- Private sector meetings- In preparation of the trade missions, several meetings have beenorganized by the NABC in order to raise interest for the missions with the private sector.During such meeting, preliminary research outcomes have been presented and discussedwith the private sector.

- PSDNetwork Conference- Poster Presentation to other Network Partners. And briningprivate sector perspective into Network broad discussions.

The above mentioned activities have led to increased anddemonstrable interest of Dutch investors in the DRC, Kinshasaand its surroundings in particular. The RNE Kinshasa hasindicated that it will reconsider putting the DRC on the PSI+ list,in order to encourage and support private sector actors to investin the DRC.12

Another indirect result of the research is an increase in PSI Plus13applications. In December 2009 the Advisory Commission on thePSI Plus facility has approved two applications which areconsidered a direct result of the research in south Sudan. Thisresult has been noted and positively commented on by theSecretary General of the Netherlands Ministry of EconomicAffairs in December 2009.

Lastly it can be recognized that the cooperation in the Working group namely betweenrepresentatives of private sector and civil society and in between Working Groups has led to anincreased understanding of and appreciation for the activities