Estructuras de Frank O. Gehry

Estructuras que asemejan ser cáscaras, pero la cáscara es una piel

Luis A. Godoy

La arquitectura de GehryCanadiense, nacido 1929. Estudios de arquitectura en University of SouthernCalifornia y Harvard.Frank O. Gehry and Associates en 1963. Gehry & Krueger Inc en 1979. Ha evolucionado desde el uso de madera y metal corrugado hacia estructuras de hormigón y titanio o láminas de acero.Se caracteriza por estructuras asimétricas e irregulares, lo cual constituye todo un desafío para el diseño estructural.Las construcciones presentan grandes luces y elevadas alturas, lo que hace al problema más complicado aún.

Museo Guggenheim, Bilbao, 1997

Interior, Richard Serra

Jay Pritzker Pavilion Parque en Chicago

Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles

Metaphoric interpretations ranging from blooming flower to sailing ship

Disney Concert Hall, 1989 a 1994

Experience Music Project, Seattle, Washington, 1999 to 2000.

Art Museum, St. Paul, MN

Vitra Design Museum, Germany, 1990

Essential system characteristics 1. The structure should be equally applicable to the variety

of architectural forms envisaged. Member proportions and details should be simple, conventional, and repetitive.

2. The structure should be disciplined and organizedwithout limiting the architectural design. This would not only allow for economies in the structural cost but also simplify the verification process.

3. The structure should be fabric-like in order to closely follow the folds and curves of the architectural surfaces and to simplify the connection of the exterior titanium cladding and interior drywall systems to the primary structure.

4. The structural thickness should be as thin as possible in order to minimize the depth of the void space between the exterior clad surface and the interior gallery drywall and thus maximize the usable floor space.

Essential system characteristics 5. The structure should be analytically verifiable, both

structurally and architecturally, by current available computer routines.

6. The structure should be lightweight in order to span efficiently between discrete support points without temporary falsework or cross-bracing.

7. The structure must be able to be constructed and controlled to tight tolerances in the field in order to fit the geometrically rigorous and complex exterior and interior cladding systems .

8. The structure must have a degree of redundancycommensurate with the complex nature of the assembly. The system should be developed such that an overstress in one individual member could be absorbed by the system as a whole .

Guggenheim, Bilbao

Solid wall versus latticed grid

Pandeo de paneles bajo viento

Pandeo de tres “objetos” de Gehry

Espesor 5mm, acero, empotrado en la base, techo rigidizado, viento, estabilidad

Modos de pandeo bajo viento

Velocidad crítica 133 Km/h

Modos de pandeo bajo viento

Velocidad crítica 50 Km/h

Velocidad crítica 48 Km/h

ConclusionesSe trata de obras de arte, en la forma de arquitectura. Ha generado una corriente en arquitectura“metafórica”.Las estructuras engañan al observador, no resistende la manera que aparentan.La eficiencia estructural de las construcciones esdiscutible.

Algunas Referenciashttp://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Frank_Gehry.htmlRemillard, Tom (2004). “Finished with a flourish”. Civil Engineering, ASCE. Vol. 74(3).Iyengar, H, et al. (1998), “The structural design of the Guggenheim Museum, bilbao, Spain”, The Structural Engineer, vol. 78(12), pp. 20-27.