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2005 Earthquake inPakistan
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IntroductionIn 2005, a major Earthquake occurred inPakistan.
It affected Kashmir, Gilgat-baltistan and Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa.
Occurred at 08:52:37 PST on 8th October2005.
It registered a moment magnitude of 7.6.
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SeismotectonicsCollision of Indian & Eurasian plates causes
seismicactivity in South Asia.
This collision has fractured Indian plate into several
slices beneath the Kashmir Basin and is known as
theIndus-Kohistan seismic zone.
The earthquake epicenter was at 34.402 degrees North,73.560
degrees east, about 90 km north-northeast of
Islamabad.
Earthquake was relatively shallow and thus had greaterintensity
and destructiveness.
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Seismotectonics
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SeismotectonicsAccording to the U.S. Geological Survey, the
focal depthwas about 10 km.
The moment magnitude was measured:
1. By U.S. Geological Survey = 7.6
2. By Pakistani Meteorological Service = 7.5 and
3. By Japan Meteorological Agency = 7.8
. A final estimate of the moment magnitude of theearthquake is
7.6
. More than 20 aftershocks ranging from 4.5 to 6.3 inmagnitude
struck the area in 18 hours following the
main shock.
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Earthquake Activity In
PakistanMost of the earthquakes in Pakistan occur in the
northand western regions, along the boundary of the Indiantectonic
plate with the Iranian and Afghan micro-plates.
The Chaman Thrust Fault system is a continuation on
land of an extensive transform fault system in theArabian Sea
known as the Owen Fault Zone.
The Chaman Fault System is a major fracture whichbegins in the
Balochistan Province.
The great Quetta earthquake (M7.7) of 1935 occurredalong the
Chaman Fault.
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Earthquake Activity InPakistan
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Earthquake Activity InPakistanThe Chaman Thrust Fault system
extends along
Pakistan's frontier with Afghanistan. It begins nearKalat,
passes near Quetta and continues in a north-northeastern direction
to Kabul, after branching offto form the Main Karakoram Thrust
(MKT) System.
The Main Mantle Thrust (MMT) System parallels theChatham Fault
System on the east side of thePishin Basin.
Both the MKT and the MMT turn eastward in theHazara-Kashmir
syntaxial bend near the MainBoundary Thrust (MBT).
The October 8, 2005 earthquake occurred near thisactive seismic
zone in Northern Pakistan.
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Four major faults exist in and around Karachiand other parts of
deltaic Indus, and thesouthern coast of Makran.
1.The first of these is the Allah Bund Fault.
2.The second is an extension of the one thatbegins near Rann of
the Kutch region.
3.The third is the Pubb fault which ends into
Arabian sea near the Makran coast.
4.The fourth fault is located in the lower Dadudistrict, near
Surajani.
Earthquake Activity InPakistan
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Earthquake DisasterAt least 86,000 people killed, more than
69,000 injured and extensive damage innorthern Pakistan.
The heaviest damage occurred in theMuzaffarabad area, Kashmir
where entirevillages were destroyed and at Uri where 80percent of
the town was destroyed.
At least 32,335 buildings collapsed.An estimated 4 million
people left homeless.
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Lessons LearnedPreparedness and strict Seismic Building
Codes could have mitigated the extent of thedamage.
This could have reduced significantly thedeath toll - perhaps by
as much as 80%.
Governments in the region must developbetter programs of public
preparedness.
Designate appropriate anti-seismic buildingcodes.
Construction standards to provide safety from
the most severe of the earthquakes thathistoricall have affected
the re ion and
