2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) Key Findings

2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)

Key Findings

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contents1. About NFHS-3

2. Household and individual characteristics

3. Fertility, marriage and family planning

4. Maternal health

5. Immunization and child health care

6. Nutritional status

7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and prevalence


Overview

NFHS-3 is the third in the NFHS series of NFHS-3 is the third in the NFHS series of

surveys, preceded by NFHS-1 in 1992-93 surveys, preceded by NFHS-1 in 1992-93

and NFHS-2 in 1998-99and NFHS-2 in 1998-99

NFHS surveys are conducted under the NFHS surveys are conducted under the

stewardship of MoHFWstewardship of MoHFW

IIPS is the nodal agency for the National IIPS is the nodal agency for the National

Family Health SurveysFamily Health Surveys


Contd.…Contd.…

NFHS-3 is funded by USAID, DFID, the Bill and NFHS-3 is funded by USAID, DFID, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, and UNFPA Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, and UNFPA

Macro International provided technical assistance to Macro International provided technical assistance to NFHS-3NFHS-3

NACO and NARI provided assistance for the HIV NACO and NARI provided assistance for the HIV componentcomponent

NFHS-3 fieldwork was carried out by 18 Research NFHS-3 fieldwork was carried out by 18 Research Organizations including some Population Research Organizations including some Population Research CentresCentres


Scope of NFHS-3 All 29 states are covered Slum and non-slum areas of eight

cities, i.e. Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Meerut, Mumbai, Nagpur

Interviews were conducted with

Women age 15-49

Men age 15-54


Biomarkers Measured in NFHS-3

Height and weight Haemoglobin content in the blood

to measure anaemia Collection of blood samples for

HIV testing


NFHS-3 Sample from 29 states

Number Number InterviewedInterviewed

Response Response RateRate

HouseholdsHouseholds 109,041109,041 97.797.7

Women (age 15-49)Women (age 15-49) 124,385124,385 94.594.5

Men (age 15-54)Men (age 15-54) 74,36974,369 87.187.1



2. Household and Individual Characteristics

3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning

4. Maternal Health

5. Immunization and Child Health

6. Nutritional Status of Children and Adults

7. HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence


Selected Household Characteristics

93

51

83

56

12

26

25

68

45

Electricity

Piped water

Any toilet facility

Urban Rural Total

Percent of households


Media Exposure

Percent with exposure to TV, radio, or newspaper at least once in a week

6555

87 9382

75

Urban Rural Total

Women age 15-49 Men age 15-49

73% of urban households and 30% of 73% of urban households and 30% of rural households possess a TVrural households possess a TV


EducationPercent distribution of men and women age 15-49 by

highest level of education

41

18

23

27

14

20 35

22Women

Men

No education

< 8 yearscomplete

8-9 yearscomplete

10 yearscomplete andabove

NFHS-3 shows that even among those NFHS-3 shows that even among those in the age group 15-19, only 89% of men in the age group 15-19, only 89% of men

and 74% of women are literateand 74% of women are literate


Distribution of Households by Wealth Distribution of Households by Wealth Index and ResidenceIndex and Residence

28

3

26

6

23

14

16

19

7

48

Rural

Urban

Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest


Distribution of Households by Wealth Distribution of Households by Wealth Index and CasteIndex and Caste

50

2818

10

24

25

22

14

13

21

23

17

8

17

21

24

5 1016

36

ST SC OBC Other

Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest


Proportion of Households in the Proportion of Households in the Highest Two Wealth Quintiles by StateHighest Two Wealth Quintiles by State

8983

78 7772

66 6560 59 57 57 55

4944 43 43 41 40 40

3633 32 30

27 26 24 24 23 2319

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

DL KEGO PJ

MZ

HP SK GJHR

MH UT JK M

N TN KA AP NGM

GIn

dia RJAR

WB UP AS

MP BH JH OR TR CH



2. Household and Individual Characteristics


4. Maternal Health





Total Fertility RateTotal Fertility Rate

3.4

2.92.7

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3

2.1

3.0

2.7

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

NFHS-3

Urban Rural Total


4550

54

28

53

NFHS-1 NFHS-2 Total Urban Rural

Marital StatusPercent of women age 20-24 married by age 18

NFHS-3


Current Contraceptive Use by Method

56 49

37

1 532

Any method

Any modern method

Female sterilization

Male sterilizatio

nIUD Pill

Condom

Percent of currently married women age 15-49


Desire for No More Children among Women with 2 Children

908372

8876

66 61

4737


2 sons 1 son and 1 daughter 2 daughters





4. Maternal health care


6. Nutritional status of children and adults

7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and Prevalence


Trends in Antenatal Care Percent of women who had any ANC*

84

6559

86

6660

77

91

72

Urban Rural Total


* For last births in the past 3 years


35

61

75

29

19

44

23

37

52

3+ ANC IFA for 90+ days Postnatal carewithin 2 days

Urban Rural Total

Maternity Care(for most recent birth in the last 5 years)




2. Household and Individual characteristics


4. Maternal Health





Infant Mortality Rate

7985

56

6873

47

5762

42

Urban Rural Total



Infant Mortality Rates

611

27

64

7965

5757

India

LDCM

DC

Bangla

desh

Pakis

tan

Nepal

Sri Lan

ka

China


Child Immunization Trends

62

54

52

42

35

72

63

55

51

42

78

78

55

59

44

BCG

Polio3

DPT3

Measles

All Vaccines


Percent of children age 12-23 months vaccinated





3. Fertility and its determinants




7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and Prevalence


Trends in Child Nutritional Status

40

23

45 43

20

51

UnderweightWastedStunted

NFHS-3 NFHS-2

Percent of children age under 3 years

(Low height for age)

(Low weight for height)

(Low weight for age)



Anaemia among Children

8174 72

79

NFHS-2 NFHS-3 Urban Rural

Percent of children 6-35 months with anaemia

Prime Minister’s Letter to Chief Ministers of Every State

“A number of reports and surveys, including the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) …seem to indicate a noticeable decline in the qualitative aspects of the [ICDS] programme. There is strong evidence that the programme has not led to any substantial improvement in the nutritional status of children under six. Our prevalent rate of under-nutrition in this age

group remains one of the highest in the world”


How Many Children Receive How Many Children Receive Services from an AWC?Services from an AWC?

3326 23

20 18 16

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Any se

rvice

Supp

lem

entary

food

Pre-sc

hool

Imm

unizations

Gro

wth m

onito

ring

Health

chec

k-up

s

Percent of age-eligible children in areas with an AWC


Body Mass Index (BMI)Body Mass Index (BMI)

● The BMI is defined as weight in kilograms divided by The BMI is defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared (kg/m2). height in metres squared (kg/m2).

● A cut-off point of 18.5 is used to define thinness or acute A cut-off point of 18.5 is used to define thinness or acute undernutrition and a BMI of 25 or above indicates undernutrition and a BMI of 25 or above indicates overweight or obesity. A BMI of 17.0-18.4 refers to mildly overweight or obesity. A BMI of 17.0-18.4 refers to mildly thin and <17.0, refers to moderately/severely thin. A BMI thin and <17.0, refers to moderately/severely thin. A BMI of over 30.0 refers to obesity.of over 30.0 refers to obesity.

● The BMI data discussed excludes women who were The BMI data discussed excludes women who were pregnant at the time of the survey and women who gave pregnant at the time of the survey and women who gave birth during the two months preceding the survey.birth during the two months preceding the survey.


Nutritional Status of Adults

34

9

24

13

55

36

BMI below normal Overweight/ Obese Anaemic

Women Men

Percent of women and men age 15-49


Malnutrition of Women by Malnutrition of Women by Residence and EducationResidence and Education

36

13

25

24

41

7

42

7

35

13

35

14

25

21

36

11

05

101520253035404550

Total

Urban

Rural

No educa

tion

<8 yea

rs

8-9

year

s

10+ y

ears

NFHS-2 to

tal

Underweight Overweight

Percent of women age 15-49


Malnutrition of Men by Malnutrition of Men by Residence and EducationResidence and Education

34

8

27

14

38

5

40

3

38

5

40

6

25

14

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Total

Urban

Rural

No educa

tion

<8 ye

ars

8-9

year

s

10+ y

ears

Overweight

Underweight

Percent of men age 15-49


334309

554526

445418

Women Men Total

Any Medically treated

NFHS-3, 2005-06

Per 100,000 persons

Since NFHS-2, reported TB has declined by 18%, but the level of medically treated TB has not changed

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06NFHS-3, 2005-06


7

50

13

61

11

57

Urban Rural Total

Women Men

NFHS-3, 2005-06

(Percentage)


1

31

3

33

2

32

Urban Rural Total

Women Men

NFHS-3, 2005-06

(Percentage)

Alcohol use by women is rare.


Spousal Violence: The most common Spousal Violence: The most common form of violence against married womenform of violence against married women

37 35

1016

2724

21

711

40

Physical,sexual, oremotionalviolence

Physical orsexual violence

Physicalviolence

Sexualviolence

Emotionalviolence

Ever In the past 12 months

Percent of ever-married women age 15-49

Only 1% of married womenOnly 1% of married women have ever have ever initiatedinitiated violence violence

against their husband. against their husband.


Spousal Violence by StateSpousal Violence by State

6

1315 15 16 16 16 17

2022

2527 28 28

30 31

3537 37 38 39 40 40

42 4244 44

46 46

59

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

HP

JK MG

NG

SK

DL

KE

GO KA

MZ

PJ

HR

GJ

UT

CH

MH AP

JH

Ind

ia

OR

AR

AS

WB

TN

UP

MN

TR

MP

RJ

BH

Percent of ever-married women


What other factors are strongly associated What other factors are strongly associated

with the likelihood of spousal violence?with the likelihood of spousal violence?

60

69

49

47

30

30

Yes

No

RESPONDENT'S FATHER BEATHER MOTHER

Gets drunk very often

Gets drunk sometimes

Drinks, does not get drunk

Never drinks

HUSBAND'S ALCOHOLCONSUMPTION

Percent of ever-married women


Injuries Due to Spousal ViolenceInjuries Due to Spousal Violence

38

36

2

9

7

Any of these injuries

Cuts, bruises, or aches

Severe burns

Eye injuries, sprains,dislocations, or burns

Wounds, broken bones/teeth,other serious injury

Percent of women who have experienced spousal violence who had:








7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and prevalence


AIDS Awareness

9473

81

46

57

80

Urban Rural Total

Percent of women and men age 15-49 who have heard of AIDS

Women

Men


Most Adults Support Family Life Education Most Adults Support Family Life Education in Schoolsin Schools

63% women and 81% men think that information about 63% women and 81% men think that information about HIV/AIDS should be taught in schools to both boys and HIV/AIDS should be taught in schools to both boys and girlsgirls

More than 40% of women and 60% of men are in favour More than 40% of women and 60% of men are in favour of teaching both boys and girls about sexual behaviour of teaching both boys and girls about sexual behaviour and condom use to avoid sexually transmitted diseasesand condom use to avoid sexually transmitted diseases

Adults are less likely to favour teaching about Adults are less likely to favour teaching about contraception than about HIV/AIDS contraception than about HIV/AIDS


Coverage of HIV Testing

• Percent of eligible women age 15-49 Percent of eligible women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 whose blood was and men age 15-54 whose blood was tested for HIVtested for HIV• Women: 85 percentWomen: 85 percent• Men: 78 percentMen: 78 percent

• Response rates are comparable to Response rates are comparable to HIV test response rates on national HIV test response rates on national household surveys worldwidehousehold surveys worldwide


HIV Prevalence

HIV prevalence estimates are based on HIV prevalence estimates are based on HIV tests of 102,946 blood samples HIV tests of 102,946 blood samples (52,853 from de facto women age 15-49 (52,853 from de facto women age 15-49 and 50,093 from de facto men age 15-54)and 50,093 from de facto men age 15-54)


SexSex

Women Women (%)(%)

Men Men (%)(%)

Total Total (%)(%)

UrbanUrban

RuralRural

0.290.29

0.180.18

0.410.41

0.320.32

0.350.35

0.250.25

IndiaIndia 0.220.22 0.360.36 0.280.28

HIV Prevalence by Residence and Sex, India

HIV prevalence rate is 60% higher among males than females and 40%

higher in urban areas than rural areas


Summary and HighlightsSummary and Highlights

Substantial improvements have been seen in Substantial improvements have been seen in child survivalchild survival

Fertility continues to declineFertility continues to decline– Urban women have already reached the Urban women have already reached the

replacement level of fertility, but rural women replacement level of fertility, but rural women even now have an average of three childreneven now have an average of three children

For the first time more than half of the For the first time more than half of the currently married women are using some currently married women are using some contraceptive method contraceptive method


Summary and Highlights (contd.)Summary and Highlights (contd.)

There is steady decline in the proportion of women There is steady decline in the proportion of women age 20-24 marrying before the legal minimum age of age 20-24 marrying before the legal minimum age of marriagemarriage

There have been improvements in antenatal care, There have been improvements in antenatal care, institutional deliveries, and assistance at delivery by institutional deliveries, and assistance at delivery by a health professional, but the changes over time a health professional, but the changes over time have been slowhave been slow

Immunization coverage for children has improved Immunization coverage for children has improved for all vaccines except DPTfor all vaccines except DPT



Full immunization coverage has not Full immunization coverage has not changed much in the last 7 yearschanged much in the last 7 years

Undernutrition and anaemia among Undernutrition and anaemia among children remain major challengeschildren remain major challenges

Adults suffer a dual burden of Adults suffer a dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition undernutrition and overnutrition



HIV prevalence in India is much HIV prevalence in India is much lower than previously thought, lower than previously thought, but strong programmes are but strong programmes are required to prevent the further required to prevent the further spread of the epidemicspread of the epidemic

Documents

2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) Key Findings