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20th International Conferenceon Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and
Environmental Impact of Energy SystemsPadova, Italy, 25-28 June 2007
ECOSECOS20072007
Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis of
energy systems
César Torres, Antonio Valero and Erika Perez
Centro de Investigación de Recursos y Consumos Energéticos
University of Zaragoza (SPAIN)
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 2
ECOSECOS20072007 Objectives
The main objective of this paper is to show the guidelines to develop a software for the thermoeconomic analysis of energy systems, making special emphasis on:
The thermoeconomic data model
The cost formation process of products and residues
The application to thermoeconomic diagnosis
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 3
ECOSECOS20072007 Thermoeconomic Model
Economic Model
plant: ProductiveStructure…
getDeviceCost(device) : floatgetResourceCost(flow): float….
Productive Structure
plant: Stringflows: Collection <flow>devices: Collection <device> …
Flow
Id: NumberfromDevice: DevicetoDevice: Devicetype: TypeOfFlow…
Device
Id: Numbername: Stringtype: TypeOfDeviceFuel: Collection<Flow>Product:Collection<Flow>…
1..m
1..n
Thermodynamic Model
getExergy(flow) : float….
plant: ProductiveStructure…
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 4
ECOSECOS20072007 Productive and Dissipative Components
An energy system has two types of components: Productive components
Dissipative components
Productive components provide: Functional Products
Resources (Fuel) to other process
Residues and waste disposals
Dissipative components are required to: Reduce or eliminate the environment impact of residues and wastes
Maintain the operation conditions of the system, from a physical and/or a legal point of view
Improve the efficiency of the system
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 5
ECOSECOS20072007 Productive Structure
Nr Device Fuel Product Type
1 Combustor E5 E2–E1 P
2 Compressor E6 E1–E0 P
3 Turbine E2–E3 E6+E7 P
4 HRSG E3–E4 E8 P
5 Stack E4 E9 D
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 6
ECOSECOS20072007 The Fuel-Product Table
The productive diagram is a graphic representation of the thermoeconomic model of the plant. The inputs of a component are its resources
The outputs of a component are its products
The Fuel Product table is the adjacency matrix of the productive graph
F0 F1 … Fj … Fn
P0 E01 … E0j … E0n
P1 E10 E11 … E1j … E1n
… … … … … … …
Pi Ei0 Ei1 … Eij … Ein
… … … … … … …
Pn En0 En1 … Enj … Enn
Represents the production of the i-th component
becomes fuel of the j-th component
Represents the external
resources
Represents the system outputs
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 7
ECOSECOS20072007 The Fuel Product Table (II)
The productive graph and its Fuel Product table can be applied to: Thermoeconomic Optimization (TFA)
Thermoeconomic Diagnosis
Identify the cost formation process of product and residues
Analyze different aggregation level of a system
The FP table can be built automatically from the information provided by the productive structure of the system. Valero and Torres proposed in 1988 an algorithm based on the Exergy Cost Theory.
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 8
ECOSECOS20072007 FP Table Builder
ProductiveStructure
BuildIncidenceMatrices
BuildIncidenceMatrices
FlowExergyValues
Compute
Compute
Compute
Compute
Compute
FP Table
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 9
TAESS Intro Pannel
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 10
TAESS Data Input
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 11
TAESS General data 1
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 12
TAESS FP Table
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 13
TAESS FP Diagram
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 14
ECOSECOS20072007 Objectives
The main objective of this paper is to show the guidelines to develop a software for the thermoeconomic analysis of energy systems, making special emphasis on:
The thermoeconomic data model
The cost formation process of products and residues
The application to thermoeconomic diagnosis
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 15
ECOSECOS20072007 The Cost Model
The exergy costing rules can be written as:
The cost of product is equal to the cost of the resources required to obtain it, plus the cost of the residues generated:
The cost of each flow making up the product is proportional to its exergy:
[exergy cost (kW)]
[exergoeconomic cost (€/h)]
The cost of the external resources is known:
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 16
ECOSECOS20072007 Residue Cost Distribution
The cost of a residue must be allocated to one or several productive components:
To determine the values of Cri we must define
the distribution cost ratios (RCD) as:
Therefore, the cost of the residues allocated to each productive unit, is given by:
The Residue Cost Distribution ratios represent the portion of the cost of the residue dissipated in the r-th component which has been generated in the i-th productive component.
i
jr
s
r
i
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 17
ECOSECOS20072007 Costing Equations
The unit production cost could be obtained by solving the following system of lineal equations:
is a (n x n) matrix whose elements are the unit consumption values, defined as:
is a (n x n) matrix whose elements are the ratios of the residues generated per production unit:
is a (n x 1) vector whose elements are the cost of the external resources consumed in each component per production unit:
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 18
ECOSECOS20072007 Cost Decomposition
The unit exergy cost of the product could be decomposed into two parts:
represents the unit production cost due to irreversibilities of the components:
represents the unit production cost due to the residues:
1 1,5 2 2,5 3
Combustor
Compressor
Gas Turbine
HRSG
Stack Irreversibility
Residues
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 19
ECOSECOS20072007 Cost Decomposition Activity Diagram
FP Table Build
ResidueCost
DistributionRatios
Compute
Build Compute
Compute
Compute
Compute
Compute
Compute
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 20
ECOSECOS20072007 Themoeconomic Analysis Sequence Diagram
FPR model
Thermoeconomic Analysis
FP Builder Productive Structure Thermodynamic Model Economic Model
buildFP(state)getStructure()
getExergies(state)
getResourcesCost()
FP tableproductive structure
exergies
resource cost
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 21
TAESS Matrix RP
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 22
TAESS Cost Analysis Report
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 23
TAESS Cost Formation Graph
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 24
ECOSECOS20072007 Objectives
The main objective of this paper is to show the guidelines to develop a software for the thermoeconomic analysis of energy systems, making special emphasis on:
The thermoeconomic data model
The cost formation process of products and residues
The application to thermoeconomic diagnosis
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 25
ECOSECOS20072007 Thermoeconomic Diagnosis
It is based on the comparison of two thermodynamic states
Obtains a set of common indexes for every component of the system, whose could be used in combination with other parameters to provide useful information for the plant operation.
Relates the variation of the irreversibilities and resources consumption to the variation of the efficiency of each component.
The objective of the thermoeconomic diagnosis is the location and quantification of the anomalies causing the reduction of the system efficiency.
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 26
ECOSECOS20072007 Malfunction and Dysfunction
The irreversibility increase of a component could be decomposed into two contributions: The irreversibility increase due to a variation of the efficiency of the
component itself (MALFUNCTION).
The variation of the production objective of the component due to the malfunctions of others components (DYSFUNCTION)
The sum of the malfunctions caused by a component is called MALFUNCTION COST:
DFji represents the irreversibility increase of the component j-th caused by a malfunction in the i-th component
DFk0 represents the irreversibility increase of the component k-th caused by a variation of the outputs (final products or residues)
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 27
ECOSECOS20072007 The Fuel Impact Formula
There are two approaches to allocate the fuel impact of a system
The cost of the internal malfunctions are valuated by the production cost and they include the residues variation effect.
The costs of the internal malfunctions are valuated by the production cost due only to irreversibilities. The cost of the residues variation is considered as another contribution to the fuel impact.
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 28
ECOSECOS20072007
Compute
Thermoeconomic Diagnosis Activity Diagram
FPR Modelfor Reference
State
Build
Compute
FPR Modelfor Current
State
Compute
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 29
TAESS Diagnosis
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 30
TAESS Diagnosis Report
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 31
TAESS Irreversibility Analysis Graph
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 32
TAESS Fuel Impact Analysis Graph
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 33
ECOSECOS20072007 Productive and Dissipative Structures
It has been shown there is not only a productive structure but a dissipative structure
The dissipative structure describes how the process of residues and wastes formation is. It could be as complex as the productive one.
The productive and dissipative structures are not independent but they are interrelated. A malfunction in a component cause both an increase of the irreversibilities of the components and an increase of the residues.
Therefore, to make a correct thermoeconomic diagnosis we must define both good productive and dissipative structures.
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 34
ECOSECOS20072007
This paper should be understood as a functional description for developing software for thermoeconomic analysis of energy systems.
It includes the following new contributions: A FP table builder algorithm.
A cost decomposition methodology.
Fuel Impact analysis of residues and wastes
From now on the problem of thermoeconomic diagnosis should not be to compute cost indexes but analyzing the results.
A demo program, called TAESS, is available from the authors at http://www.exergoecology.com to illustrate the ideas presented in the paper.
Conclusions
June 26, 2007 Guidelines to develop software for thermoeconomic analysis 35
Exergoeconomics web page
20th International Conferenceon Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and
Environmental Impact of Energy SystemsPadova, Italy, 25-28 June 2007
ECOSECOS20072007
Thank you very much for your attention