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Caleb DowdyBiology of Marine Life
December 10, 2009Environment Selected: Coast Line
Table of ContentsSunday, December 06, 20092:23 PM
Page Number Organism Name
1. Angelwing2. Alphabet Cone Shell3. Atlantic Giant Cockle4. Atlantic Kittenpaw5. Atlantic Slipper Snail6. Black Mangrove7. Common Jingle Shell8. Even Prickly Cockle9. Florida Spiny Jewelbox10. Florida Worm Snail11. Lettered Olive Shell12. Moon Jellyfish13. Parchment Tub14. Shark's Eye15. Smooth Sea Feather 16. Southern Surfclam 17. Stiff Penshell18. Tube Sponge19. Variable Coquina Clam20. White Baby's Ear
AngelwingsWednesday, December 09, 20094:08 PMScientific Name: Cyrtopleura costata
The angelwing belongs to family Pholadidae and are related to shipworms. Angelwings bore into peat,
muddy clay, or rotten wood on the bottoms of open bays. Angelwings live with much of their soft parts
outside their shells. Like other bivalves the Angelwing is a filter feeder.
http://oceanica.cofc.edu/shellguide/shells/ANGELWING.htm
http://oceanica.cofc.edu/shellguide/shells/ANGELWING.htm
Alphabet Cone ShellSunday, November 29, 200912:02 PM
Scientific Name: Conus spurius atlanticus
Cone shells belong to the family Conidae, distantly related to olives, volutes, vases, and marginellas.
Cone shells have radular teeth that function like a harpoon. Cone Shells use a needle-like weapon to
inject their prey and enemies with deadly neurotoxin. The Alphabet Cone Shell lives in shallow to
moderately deep sand and sea grass beds. The alphabet cone shell is a marine predator as it hunts its
prey and immobilizes them with deadly neurotoxin.
http://www.jaxshells.org/1119bc.jpg Screen clipping taken: 11/29/2009, 12:22 PM
Atlantic Giant CockleSunday, November 29, 200911:59 AM
Scientific Name: Dinocardium robustum
Cockles are related to the family Cardiidae. The Atlantic Giant Cockle goes is also known as the Heart
Cockle. The Atlantic Giant Cockle is often separated as a subspecies known as the Van Hyning's cockle.
The Atlantic Giant Cockle lives in water as deep as 100ft. The Atlantic Giant Cockle spends most of its
time using its strong muscular foot to burry itself in sediments. The Giant Cockle feeds on plankton by
filter feeding using a siphon it extends from its body.
http://www.okeefes.org/Favorite%20Photos/Favorite_Photos_2/giant_atlantic_cockle_101_7749.jpg Screen clipping taken: 11/29/2009, 12:31 PM
http://www.jaxshells.org/drs10s.jpg Screen clipping taken: 11/29/2009, 12:33 PM
Atlantic KittenpawsFriday, November 27, 20092:01 PM Scientific Name: Picatula gibosa
The Atlantic Kittenpaw belongs to the family Pectinidae. The Atlantic Kitten paw has a thick tough shell
with 6-10 digit-like ribs. Kitten's Paws are common to find on beaches due to their toughness. The
Atlantic Kittenpaw lives attached to rocks in waters from intertidal depth to depths of 300ft (91 m).
http://rlv.zcache.com/kittens_paw_seashells_mousepad-d1447684446815304257pdd_400.jpg Screen clipping taken: 11/27/2009, 2:46 PM
Atlantic Slipper SnailFriday, November 27, 20091:56 PM Scientific Name: C. fornicata
Slipper Snails belong to the family Calyptraeidae and are distantly related to the hoofsnails (Family
Hipponicidae). Slippersnails begin life as males that grow into being female. The environmental
conditions determine when they strategically switch sex.
http://shellmuseum.org/imgs/swflshells/48/fornicata2.jpg Screen clipping taken: 11/27/2009, 2:37 PM
Black Mangrove Friday, November 27, 20092:28 PM Scientific Name: Avicenna germinans
The Black mangrove (family Avicenniaceae) is distantly related to the Red mangrove(family
Rhizophoraceae). The Black mangrove can grow to sizes of 20ft high. Utilizing the vertical
pneumatophores the Black mangrove allows its roots to breathe. The leaves of the Black mangrove are
coated with a layer of excreted salt. The Black Mangrove plays a vital role in protecting the beach from
storms and erosion.
http://www.sfrc.ufl.edu/4H/Other_Resources/Contest/Highlighted_Ecosystem/BlackPropaguleWeb.jpg Screen clipping taken: 11/27/2009, 3:03 PM
http://www.finexpeditions.com/images/bestblackmangrove.JPG Screen clipping taken: 11/29/2009, 12:59 PM
Common Jingle ShellFriday, November 27, 20092:00 PM Scientific Name: Anomia ephippium
The Common Jingle Shell belongs to the family Anomiidae. The Jingle shell comes in several different
colors including silver-gray, white, yellow, and orange. The common jingle lives attached to rocks,
wood, and other shells in shallow marine waters. Nearly all beached jingle shells have is the unattached
left valve. Like other bivalves the Jingle feeds by filtering the water around it.
http://www.okeefes.org/Mollusks/Common%20Jingle%20Shells%20102_3159.jpg
http://www.mitchellspublications.com/guides/shells/articles/0001/01-image.jpg
Even Prickly CockleFriday, November 27, 20092:00 PM Scientific Name: T. isocardia
The even prickly cockle belongs to the family Cardiidae along with other cockles. The Even Prickly
Cockle inhabits the sandy shallows near beaches and out to about 100ft. The prickles on the shell may
be used to help anchor the Cockle in place, or for deterring gastropod predators. The Even Prickly
Cockle feeds on plankton and other organic material by filtering the water around it.
http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/media/spiny_cockle.jpg
http://www.weichtiere.at/images/weichtiere/muscheln/stachlige_herzmuschel.jpg
Florida Spiny JewelboxFriday, November 27, 200912:14 PMScientific Name: Arcinella cornuta
Jewelboxes belong to family Chamidae and are related to clamlike bivalves. The reason the Florida
Spiny jewelbox has spines on its shell is to help the Jewelbox from being drilled by gastropod predators.
Jewelboxes live cemented on reefs and debris at moderate depths. The Florida Spiny Jewel box
detaches during youth to grow free in the sandy rubble. The spiny jewelbox is a filter feeder like other
bivalves.
http://www.jaxshells.org/spiny.jpg Screen clipping taken: 11/27/2009, 2:34 PM
Florida Worm SnailFriday, November 27, 20092:27 PM Scientific Name: V. Knorrii
Worm Snails belong with the Turrets in the family Turritellidae. The Florida Worm Snail grows wormlike
after reaching 1/2 inches in length. Worm Snails grow with sponges on reefs and hardbottom.
Wormsnails live attached to the bottom or to other wormsnails and feed on suspended plankton and
detritus. The environment around them dictates how large and uncoiled they grow.
http://shellmuseum.org/imgs/swflshells/19/knorrii21.jpg
Lettered Olive Shells Scientific Name: Oliva sayana Lettered Olives have a wide shell with small pointed spire about 1/9 of the total length. The habitat of
the Lettered Olive is the near shore or on shallow sand flats. Unfaded shells are covered completely
with blurred, brown zigzags. The olive's glossy shell is covered by the bodies’ mantle and large foot.
This large foot is what allows them to burrow so easily through sand. Lettered olives feed on coquina
clams in the surf zone, and both species scavenge when the opportunity arises. The Lettered Olive is
considered a consumer as it feeds on the coquina clams.
http://www.okeefes.org/Favorite%20Photos/Favorite_Photos_2/lettered_olive_walking_100b0641.jpg Screen clipping taken: 11/26/2009, 11:20 AM
Moon JellyfishTuesday, October 27, 200911:46 AMScientific Name: Aurelia auritaAlso known as: Moon jelly, moon jellyfish, common jellyfish, saucer jellyTranslucent and usually about 25-40 cm across
http://www.freeinfosociety.com/site.php?postnum=2346
The medusa is see-through and generally 25-40 cm in size. The moon jelly fish is
distinguishable by its four horseshoe-shaped gonads that can be seen on top of its
bell. The moon jelly fish is only possible of limited motion; but like the other species of
jelly fish it mainly drifts with the current even while it is swimming. The genus Aurelia is
found in most of the world's oceans. Aureilia feed on planktons, tunicate larvae,
mollusks, crustaceans, fish eggs, rotifers, young polychaetes, diatoms, eggs,
protozoans, and other organisms. Aurelia does not have gills, trachea, lungs, or other
respiratory parts. Aurelia is such a small organism; it respires by diffusing oxygen from
the water through a thin membrane. The basic body structure of the Aurelia is
composed of excretory, respiratory, and circulatory systems. Aurelia aurita is known to
be prey to including the Leatherback Sea Turtle, Ocean Sunfish, and also fed upon by
sea birds.
Parchment Tube WormFriday, November 27, 20091:58 PM Scientific Name: Chae topteruscariopedatus
Tube worms are in the phylum Annelida, class Polychaeta, which includes segmented worms with
bristles. Each tube was formerly U-shaped beneath the sand and was home to a worm with specialized
segments using paddle-like flaps, lobes, and cups. Although the Parchment Tube Worm is blind they
can glow in the dark by emitting a luminous blue cloud of mucous when disturbed. The Parchment Tube
Worm lives near the surf zone.
http://www.frauleindi.com/images/HHNature/ParchmentTubeWorm.jpg
http://candy.brookdale.cc.nj.us/staff/sandyhook/taxonomy/worms/worms.jpg
Shark's EyeThursday, November 26, 200911:23 AM Scientific Name: Neverita duplicata
The Shark Eye belongs to family Naticidae and is related to naticas, baby's ears, and moon snails.
Shark's eyes breed in the surf zone. The Shark's eye spends its life in the sandy shallows and the swash
zone. Shark's eyes plow through the surf zone in search of clams dissolving them alive with digestive
enzymes making the Shark's eye a predatory gastropod.
http://www.pensacolasgreatest.com/SeaShells/SharksEye.jpg Screen clipping taken: 11/26/2009, 11:33 AM
Smooth Sea FeatherThursday, November 26, 200911:31 AMScientific Name: Pseudopterogorgia acerosa
Soft Corals belong to the class Anthozoa and are in the order Gorgonacea. Soft corals are colonies of
tiny polyps, each with 8 tentacles making them a member of the Octocorals. All members of Octocorals
have an internal skeleton. These corals don’t require zooxanthellae to survive, so they can live deeper
more turbid areas with less light. Soft coral are made up of flexible rods made of gorgonin (hornlike
protein) encircled by tiny polyps connected to each other by a matrix of glasslike spicules. Colonies can
reach sizes of 2 meters tall.
http://coris.noaa.gov/about/eco_essays/navassa/media/PSEUDO_400.jpg Screen clipping taken: 11/27/2009, 2:32 PM
Southern SurfclamFriday, November 27, 200912:15 PMScientific Name: Spisula raveneli
Surfclams belong to the family Mactridae. Some species of surfclam are being commercially harvested
for food in the southwest US. Surf Clams live in the sand as close as just off shore to depths of 165 ft.
Surf Clams can live up to 35 years of age. Surf Clams are filter feeders, straining plankton out of the
water. The Surf Clam serves as prey for several species of shrimp, horseshoe crab, and sea stars.
Southern Surfclams are filter feeders like most bivalves.
http://www.jaxshells.org/1001uu.jpg
Stiff PenshellFriday, November 27, 200912:25 PMScientific Name: Atrina rigida
Penshells belong to the family Pinidae and are distantly related to mussels. Pen shells anchor
themselves with golden byssal threads, these lead from their pointed end to a small pile of rubble
beneath the sand. Once attached Penshells live an almost stationary life style. Penshells are filter
feeders like most bivalves. Penshells live in colonies with individuals buried in the soft sediments out to
20ft.
http://www.okeefes.org/Mollusks/Photos_in_Phylogenetic_Order/Stiff%20Pen%20Shell%20102_3177.jpg
http://oceanica.cofc.edu/shellguide/shells/shellphotos/stiffpenshell3.jpg
Tube SpongeFriday, November 27, 20092:26 PM Scientific Name: Callyspongia vaginalis
All sponges belong to the phylum Porifera. Sponges are simple animals that lack brains or other organs.
Sponges have existed for about 500 million years and were most likely the first multi-celled animals on
Earth. Sponges grow in place by filtering organic particles from the water. Sponges live their lives out
growing in shallow hardbottom or seagrass beds. The tube sponge has individual chimney-like tubes
that are about 2 inches wide.
Top:http://home.nps.gov/ser/customcf/apps/CMS_HandF/GreenBoxPics/BISC_tube_sponge_on_reef.jpgBottom: http://www.coral.org/files/images/Carib08_2136.jpg
Variable Coquina Clams Scientific Name: Donax variabilis
Coquina clams (family Donacidae) are related to tellins. Variable coquina clams have glossy, wedge-
shaped shells that have faint riblets and groove-teeth lining their inner margins. Variable coquinas are
one of the most abundant and ecologically important mollusks on Florida beaches. Coquinas are
designed for living in wave-washed sand, feeding on algae by filtering the bacteria washed on shore.
Coquina's serve as a source of food for many shore birds and fish. Coquina's feed upon detritus and
plant material using short siphons. The coquina clam is close to the bottom of the food chain but a
consumer non-the-less.
http://www.jaxshells.org/taldon13.jpg Screen clipping taken: 11/26/2009, 10:44 AM
White Baby's EarSunday, November 29, 200912:01 PM Scientific Name: Sinum perspectivum
The White Baby's Ear belongs to the family Naticidae with shark's eyes and naticas. The White Baby's
Ear is the equivalent to a moonsnail with an expansive aperture. All Baby's Ear's have an extended foot
that stretches to ten times the shell size. This enormous foot cannot be retracted into the Baby's Ear
shell. The White Baby's Ear lives in Sandy shallow zones. The White Baby's Ear moves through the sand
with a muscular action with the assistance of a copious secretion mucus. This species of Baby's Ear is
predatory, feeding on buried bivalves.
http://www.mitchellspublications.com/guides/shells/articles/0041/
Works Cited PageThursday, November 05, 20099:35 AM Alphabet Cone shellWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. Atlantic Giant CockleWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. "Untitled Document." Project Oceanica. Web. 04 Dec. 2009. <http://oceanica.cofc.edu/shellguide/shells/giantcockle.htm>. Atlantic KittenpawWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. Atlantic Slipper SnailWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. Black MangroveWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. Common Jingle shellWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. "Jingle shell clams (Anomiidae) on the Shores of Singapore." Wildsingapore homepage. Web. 06 Dec. 2009. <http://www.wildsingapore.com/wildfacts/mollusca/bivalvia/anomiidae/anomiidae.htm>. Even Prickly CockleWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. Florida Spiny JewelWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print.
Florida Worm SnailWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. Lettered Olive ShellsWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. "Oliva Sayana, Lettered Olive." Creation vs Evolution / Intelligent Design / Creation Science. Web. 27 Nov. 2009. <http://www.edwardtbabinski.us/beach_kids/sea_shells/lettered_olive/>. Moon Jellyfish"Moon Jellyfish." AC Tropical Fish & Aquarium. Web. 04 Dec. 2009. <http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/jellyfish/moon.php>. Witherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print.
Parchment Tube WormsWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. Shark's EyeWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. Smooth Sea FeatherWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. "Coralpedia - Pseudopterogorgia acerosa." Coralpedia - Acropora cervicornis. Web. 04 Dec. 2009. <http://coralpedia.bio.warwick.ac.uk/en/octocorals/pseudopterogorgia_acerosa.html>. Southern SurfclamWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. Stiff PenshellWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. "The pen shell (pinna nobilis)." Designboom. Web. 06 Dec. 2009. <http://www.designboom.com/eng/education/byssus.html>. Tube SpongeWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print.
Variable Coquina ClamWitherington, Blair & Dawn. Florida's Living Beaches, A guide for the curious beachcomber. 1st ed. Florida: Pineapple, 2007. Print. "Coquina clam (mollusk) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia." Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Web. 27 Nov. 2009. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/136997/coquina-clam>. White Baby's EarRothschild, Susan B. Beachcomber's Guide to Gulf Coast Marine Life, Third Edition Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. Grand Rapids: Taylor Trade, 2004. Print.
