2. It Industry

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INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT,

BANGALORE-560076

Organizational study on

Oracle

Under the guidance of

Prof. Raghavendran V.

By:Utsaa Roy


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Information technology in India

The Indian Information Technology industry accounts for a 5.19% of the country's GDPand export earnings as of 2009, while providing employment to a significant number of itstertiary sector workforce. More than 2.3 million people are employed in the sector either directlyor indirectly, making it one of the biggest job creators in India and a mainstay of the nationaleconomy. In March 2009, annual revenues from outsourcing operations in India amounted toUS$50 billion and this is expected to increase to US$225 billion by 2020. The most prominentIT hub is IT capital Bangalore. The other emerging destinations are Chennai, Hyderabad,Mumbai, Pune, Bhubaneswar, NCR, Jaipur and Kolkata. Technically proficient immigrants fromIndia sought jobs in the western world from the 1950s onwards as India's education system produced more engineers than its industry could absorb. India's growing stature in the

information age enabled it to form close ties with both the United States of America and theEuropean Union. However, the recent global financial crises has deeply impacted the Indian ITcompanies as well as global companies. As a result hiring has dropped sharply and employeesare looking at different sectors like the financial service, telecommunications, and manufacturingindustries, which have been growing phenomenally over the last few years.

India's IT Services industry was born in Mumbai in 1967 with the establishment of Tata Groupin partnership with Burroughs. The first software export zone SEEPZ was set up here way backin 1973, the old avatar of the modern day IT park. More than 80 percent of the country's software

exports happened out of SEEPZ, Mumbai in 80s.

Each year India produces roughly 500,000 engineers in the country, out of them only 25% to30% possessed both technical competency and English language skills, although 12% of India's population can speak in English. India developed a number of outsourcing companiesspecializing in customer support via Internet or telephone connections. By 2009, India also has atotal of 37,160,000 telephone lines in use, a total of 506,040,000 mobile phone connections, atotal of 81,000,000 Internet userscomprising 7.0% of the country's population, and 7,570,000people in the country have access to broadband Internet making it the 12th largest country inthe world in terms of broadband Internet users. Total fixed-line and wireless subscribers reached543.20 million as of November, 2009.

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Formative years (till 1991)

The Indian Government acquired the EVS EM computers from the Soviet Union, which wereused in large companies and research laboratories. In 1968 Tata Consultancy Servicesestablished in SEEPZ, Mumbai[2] by the Tata Groupwere the country's largest softwareproducers during the 1960s. As an outcome of the various policies of Jawaharlal Nehru (office:15 August 1947 27 May 1964) the economically beleaguered country was able to build a largescientific workforce, second in numbers only to that of the United States of America and theSoviet Union. On 18 August 1951 the minister of education Maulana Abul Kalam Azad,inaugurated the Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur in West Bengal. Possibly modeledafter the Massachusetts Institute of Technology these institutions were conceived by a 22member committee of scholars and entrepreneurs under the chairmanship of N. R. Sarkar.

Relaxed immigration laws in the United States of America (1965) attracted a number of skilledIndian professionals aiming for research. By 1960 as many as 10,000 Indians were estimated tohave settled in the US. Kapur (2006)By the 1980s a number of engineers from India wereseeking employment in other countries. In response, the Indian companies realigned wages toretain their experienced staff. In theEncyclopedia of India, Kamdar (2006) reports on the role ofIndian immigrants (1980 - early 1990s) in promoting technology-driven growth:

The United States technological lead was driven in no small part by the brain power of brilliantimmigrants, many of whom came from India. The inestimable contributions of thousands ofhighly trained Indian migrants in every area of American scientific and technologicalachievement culminated with the information technology revolution most associated withCalifornias Silicon Valley in the 1980s and 1990s.

The National Informatics Centre was established in March 1975. The inception of The ComputerMaintenance Company (CMC) followed in October 1976. Between 1977-1980 the country'sInformation Technology companies Tata Infotech, Patni Computer Systems and Wipro hadbecome visible. The 'microchip revolution' of the 1980s had convinced both Indira Gandhi and

her successor Rajiv Gandhi that electronics and telecommunications were vital to India's growthand development. MTNL underwent technological improvements. Between 1986-1987, theIndian government embarked upon the creation of three wide-area computer networkingschemes: INDONET (intended to serve the IBM mainframes in India), NICNET (the network forIndia's National Informatics Centre), and the academic research oriented Education and ResearchNetwork (ERNET).


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19912001

Regulated VSAT links became visible in 1985. Desai (2006) describes the steps taken to relaxregulations on linking in 1991:

In 1991 the Department of Electronics broke this impasse, creating a corporation called SoftwareTechnology Parks of India (STPI) that, being owned by the government, could provide VSATcommunications without breaching its monopoly. STPI set up software technology parks indifferent cities, each of which provided satellite links to be used by firms; the local link was awireless radio link. In 1993 the government began to allow individual companies their owndedicated links, which allowed work done in India to be transmitted abroad directly. Indian firmssoon convinced their American customers that a satellite link was as reliable as a team ofprogrammers working in the clients office.

Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) introduced Gateway Electronic Mail Service in 1991,

the 64 kbit/s leased line service in 1992, and commercial Internet access on a visible scale in1992. Election results were displayed via National Informatics Centre's NICNET.

The Indian economy underwent economic reforms in 1991, leading to a new era of globalizationand international economic integration. Economic growth of over 6% annually was seen between1993-2002. The economic reforms were driven in part by significant the internet usage in thecountry. The new administration under Atal Bihari Vajpayeewhich placed the development ofInformation Technology among its top five priorities formed the Indian National Task Forceon Information Technology and Software Development.

Wolcott & Goodman (2003) report on the role of the Indian National Task Force on Information

Technology and Software Development:

Within 90 days of its establishment, the Task Force produced an extensive background report onthe state of technology in India and an IT Action Plan with 108 recommendations. The TaskForce could act quickly because it built upon the experience and frustrations of stategovernments, central government agencies, universities, and the software industry. Much of whatit proposed was also consistent with the thinking and recommendations of international bodieslike the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Telecommunications Union (ITU), andWorld Bank. In addition, the Task Force incorporated the experiences of Singapore and othernations, which implemented similar programs. It was less a task of invention than of sparkingaction on a consensus that had already evolved within the networking community and

government.

The New Telecommunications Policy, 1999 (NTP 1999) helped further liberalize India'stelecommunications sector. The Information Technology Act 2000 created legal procedures forelectronic transactions and e-commerce.

Throughout the 1990s, another wave of Indian professionals entered the United States. Thenumber of Indian Americans reached 1.7 million by 2000. This immigration consisted largely of


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highly educated technologically proficient workers. Within the United States, Indians fared wellin science, engineering, and management. Graduates from the Indian Institutes of Technology(IIT) became known for their technical skills. The success of Information Technology in Indianot only had economic repercussions but also had far-reaching political consequences. India'sreputation both as a source and a destination for skilled workforce helped it improve its relations

with a number of world economies. The relationship between economy and technologyvaluedin the western worldfacilitated the growth of an entrepreneurial class of immigrant Indians,which further helped aid in promoting technology-driven growth.

2001present

India is now one of the biggest IT capitals in the modern world.

The economic effect of the technologically inclined services sector in Indiaaccounting for 40%of the country's GDP and 30% of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only 25% of itsworkforceis summarized by Sharma (2006):

The share of IT (mainly software) in total exports increased from 1 percent in 1990 to 18 percentin 2001. IT-enabled services such as backoffice operations, remote maintenance, accounting,public call centers, medical transcription, insurance claims, and other bulk processing are rapidlyexpanding. Indian companies such as TCS, Wipro, and Infosys may yet become householdnames around the world.

Today, Bangalore is known as the Silicon Valley of India and contributes 33% of Indian ITExports. India's second and third largest software companies are head-quartered in Bangalore, asare many of the global SEI-CMM Level 5 Companies.

And Mumbai too has its share of IT companies that are India's first and largest, like TCS andwell established like Reliance, Patni, LnT Infotech, i-Flex, WNS, Shine, Naukri, Jobspert etc arehead-quartered in Mumbai. and these IT and dot com companies are ruling the roost of Mumbai'srelatively high octane industry of Information Technology.

Such is the growth in investment and outsourcing, it was revealed that Cap Gemini will soonhave more staff in India than it does in its home market of France with 21,000 personnel+ in

India.[13]

On 25 June 2002 India and the European Union agreed to bilateral cooperation in the field ofscience and technology. A joint EU-India group of scholars was formed on 23 November 2001 tofurther promote joint research and development. India holds observer status at CERN while ajoint India-EU Software Education and Development Center is due at Bangalore.


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India's IT industry (USD bn)

Particulars FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007

IT Services 10.4 13.5 17.8 23.7

-Exports 7.3 10.0 13.13 18.1

-Domestic 3.1 3.5 4.5 5.6

ITES-BPO 3.4 5.2 7.2 9.5

-Exports 3.1 4.6 6.3 8.3

-Domestic 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2

Engineering services, R&D and Softwareproducts

2.9 3.9 5.3 6.5

-Exports 2.5 3.1 4.0 4.9

-Domestic 0.4 0.7 1.3 1.6

Hardware 5.0 5.9 7.0 8.2

Total IT industry 21.6 28.4 37.4 47.8

-Exports 13.4 18.2 24.1 31.9

-Domestic 8.3 10.2 13.2 15.9


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Top Seven IT Hubs in India

Ranking City/Region Description

1 BangalorePopularly known as the capital of the Silicon Valley of India is

currently leading in Information Technology Industries in India.

2 ChennaiFamously known as "Gateway of South India", it is the secondlargest exporter of Software.

3 Hyderabad Hyderabad which has good infrastructure and good governmentsupport is also a good technology base in India.

4 Pune

Pune, a major industrial town, hosts numerous multinational andnational software giants along with BPO and KPO firms. World classSEZs like Hinjawadi IT park and Magarpatta city give Pune adistinct advantage. The city is a major educational hub and churnsout thousands of technocrats every year.

5 Kolkata Kolkata which is slowly becoming a major IT hub in near future.Some of the well known technological corporations are situated here.

6 NCRThe National Capital Region of India comprising Delhi, Gurgaon,Faridabad, Noida, GreaterNoida and Ghaziabad are having ambitiousprojects and are trying to do every possible thing for this purpose.

7 Mumbai

Popularly known as the commercial, entertainment, financial capitalof India. This is one city that has seen tremendous growth in IT andBPO industry, it recorded 63% growth in 2008 TCS, Patni, LnTInfoTech, I-flex, WNS and other companies are headquartered here.


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Oracle

In The Beginning

More than fifteen years ago, before India became recognized as the dynamic force in informationtechnology that is known to be today, Oracle was one of the first multinational softwarecompanies to set up operations in India. Beginning with a distributorship through TataConsultancy Services in 1987, the company established direct operations with a liaison office in1991, and in 1993 formed Oracle India Private Ltd., a whollyowned subsidiary of Oracle Corp.,focused on the sales and marketing of Oracle software in India. In recognition of the significantpool of highly educated software development engineers based in India, Oracle opened its IndiaDevelopment Center (IDC) in Bangalore in 1994. This early commitment to the country markedOracles vision for India as both a domestic market and a center for research and development.The company became the first multinational company to establish core software developmentoperations in India to support its global product development strategy and to address the needs ofthe local market. Initially, the India Development Center took on development work on a project basis for different development divisions as determined by the companys headquarters inRedwood Shores, California. As word spread throughout the company of the India teams recorddelivery time of development projects that met the highest standards of quality, the IDC wastasked with more strategic projects and increasingly demanding requirements. Today Oracle hasits India Development Centre located at Bangalore and Hyderabad and sales and marketingoffices across six Indian cities.

A Turning Point

In 1996, the India development team was challenged with taking on a strategic research anddevelopment project. Ultimately the teams success on the project would propel the IDC into thedevelopment spotlight at Oracle. The India team was given three months to develop the firstversion of what would become the basis of Oracles Internet computing technology, driving theshift to simplified, lowcost computing machines which could access information stored onlarger, professionally managed servers. With no additional resources, the IDC, having beenasked only to show version one of the technology, delivered instead a secondgeneration versionthree months to the day from the start of the project. Concurrently, the team also met alldeadlines and quality standards for the other 16 projects with which the IDC was tasked with atthat time. The worldclass development abilities of the India development team were impressedupon the highest levels of the company, garnering praise and recognition from Oracle founderand CEO, Larry Ellison. This became a turning point for the India organization, transforming theIndia Development Center into a growth engine, integral to the future and vision of the worldslargest enterprise software company. From that point forward the India Development Center wasintegrated into Oracles global software development organization, working on the latesttechnology for Oracle customers around the world. At the same time, Oracles increasing successin the country established the company as the dominant provider of database and enterprisesoftware to the government and corporate sectors in India.


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Rapid Investment and Growth

In order to leverage Indias worldclass software development skills base and consistent ontimedelivery of high quality products, Oracle India underwent significant investment and rapidgrowth in operations. The India Development Center in Bangalore became an extension of threeheadquarters development organizations Tools Division, Server Technologies Division andPlatform Technologies Division. The Bangalore tools development team specialized in key areasincluding application development tools, business intelligence, portals, elearning andintegration. The server technology team became integral to the development of emergingtechnologies and new platforms, with responsibility for the entire development lifecycle fordatabase, application server and other products. The platform technologies team evolved toprovide automated support for different platforms including Linux, as well as create tools andtechnologies to support Oracle On Demand the companys offering designed to provide better,faster software service at a lower cost.

In 1998, Oracle established its second development center in Hyderabad . While the Bangalorecenter continued to focus on the development of Oracles core application development tools,server and platform technologies, the Hyderabad center was dedicated to a newer area ofdevelopment of growing strategic importance to the company commonly know as ebusinessapplications. With an unwavering focus on quality, the team today works on developing allaspects of the Oracle EBusiness Suite, including core business functions ranging from sales andmarketing, to manufacturing and supply chain, to financials, human resource management and projects. The team also caters to the needs of specific industries such as healthcare, highereducation and public sector financials applications. In 2001, Oracle added another team inBangalore for Oracle EBusiness Suite product development, working on Customer RelationshipManagement solutions that integrate people, process, and technology to meet the toughest ofcustomer demands. Together, the Bangalore and Hyderabad applications development teamsform the largest group of developers outside of the companys global headquarters, forming aseamless, roundtheclock, qualitydriven organization that delivers a comprehensive suite ofbusiness applications for customers worldwide. In addition, this team supports Oracle employeesworldwide in their use of Oracle applications, implementing and managing new products andmodules of the Oracle EBusiness Suite within Oracle.

India Development Center Critical To A Global Team

Today, the combined resources of the India Development Center in Bangalore and Hyderabadcontribute to core software development across the entire Oracle product family, includingOracle Database 10g, Oracle Application Server 10g, Oracle Collaboration Suite and Oracle EBusiness Suite. The work carried out in India includes new product design, development,technology and feature enhancements, quality engineering, documentation, curriculum forinstructorled and online training, integration, as well as support and maintenance of existingproducts. The IDC has made major contributions to the research and development of key focus


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areas for the company including the future of grid computing, technology and applicationsdeployment on Linux, security, Java application development, XML, and WarehouseManagement Systems, to name a few. The IDC also contributes significantly to Oracles onlinedeveloper community, Oracle Technology Network, showcasing new technology, best practices,sample applications, discussion forums, white papers and through participation in global events.

Working handinhand with their counterparts on the other side of the globe, the U.S. and Indiadevelopment teams work on joint projects roundtheclock, taking advantage of the 12 and ahalf hour time difference between India and the US to pass development, support and consultingprojects between teams overnight. In essence, Oracles computers never sleep. When developersin the U.S. retire for the night, their development colleagues in India take over. The result isgreater quality assurance, more innovative products and the ability to deliver new technology tomarket faster. This joint cooperation enables the company to operate as a global organization in a"follow the sun" model, effectively accomplishing two days of work in one.

While some multinational companies outsource work to teams in India on a project basis,

Oracle takes a different approach. The India development teams belong to the same organizationas their U.S. counterparts, and have as much input into product design and direction asdevelopers at the companys headquarters in Redwood Shores, California. There is no distinction between developers in the U.S. or India when it comes to working on the latest cutting edgetechnology and strategic development that is critical to the continued growth of the company.

In addition to growing its employee resources, the company is expanding its Bangalore andHyderabad development centers. The Bangalore facility spans 213,000 square feet of space withan 11storey multilevel car park, a modern cafeteria that accommodates more than 500 people,recreational facilities including a gymnasium, table tennis and a billiards room, and a fullystocked and computeraccessible library. In Hyderabad, expansion plans include a 500,000

square foot, stateoftheart campus complete with a multilevel 1,000 car park with recreationand library facilities on ten acres of land acquired at HITEC city in Hyderabad. The first phase ofconstruction of this campus was completed in 2005. An important center for Oracle India,Hyderabad presents considerable opportunities for the growing local team to continue with thecreation of the high quality, global products that have been the hallmark of Oracles success.


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VISION

Simplify

Speed Information Delivery with Integrated Systems and a Single Database

The best way to simplify IT systemsand business operationsis to consolidate information.Businesses need to know how their supply chain is faring, how quickly inventory is moving,what competitors are doing, and where the markets are going. Now. Not next quarter. Companiesneed instant access to accurate, consolidated information to meet legal and regulatory mandatesfor corporate performance management and responsibility. To get this complete view of theircustomers and their business, companies have to simplify. All business systems must beconnected, and all business applications must share a single database of customers, products,service information, and more.

Oracle's Information Architecture consolidates all organizational information in one database fora clear and accurate picture of every customer, every product and service, and every transaction.Key to Oracle Information Architecture is Oracle Data Hub, which synchronizes data from boththird-party products and Oracle software into a common enterprisewide definitiona singlesource of truth.

And in the data center, Oracle Enterprise Manager provides a global view of a company'ssystems and enables company employees to drill down to any level of detail they need.Companies can centralize their applications and information into fewer data centers, improvingefficiency and achieving significant savings.

Now companies can get informationabout their business and about their business systemson

demand and know that it's accurate and up to date. Simple.

MISSION

More than three decades ago Larry Ellison saw an opportunity other companies missed: adescription of a working prototype for a relational database. No company had committed tocommercializing the technology, but Ellison and co-founders Bob Miner and Ed Oates realizedthe tremendous business potential of the relational database modelbut they may not haverealized that the company they formed would change the face of business computing forever.

Throughout its history Oracle has proved it can build for the future on the foundation of itsinnovations and, its intimate knowledge of customer challenges and successes analyzed by thebest technical and business minds in the world. The company has leveraged its immense size andstrength to serve its customers, and to implement key technology and business decisions thatupend conventional wisdom and take its products and services in new directions.


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Today Oracle is the gold standard for database technology and applications in enterprisesthroughout the worldthe company is the world's leading supplier of information managementsoftware and the world's second largest independent software company. The acquisition of Sun

gives Oracle a leadership role in the hardware arena as well.

Now more than ever before Oracle technology can be found in nearly every industry, and in thedata centers of 100 of the Fortune Global 100 companies. Oracle is the first software company todevelop and deploy 100 percent internet-enabled enterprise software across its entire productline: database, business applications, application development, and decision support tools.

Innovation is the engine of Oracle's success. Oracle was one of the first companies to make itsbusiness applications available through the internetan idea that is now pervasive. Oracle hasintroduced new Oracle Fusion Middleware products and functionality that reflect the company'sgoal to connect all levels of enterprise technology, ensuring customers access to the knowledgethey need to respond to market conditions with speed and agility.

Before the acquisition of Sun was final, Oracle and Sun introduced the Sun Oracle DatabaseMachine, the world's fastest machine for any type of database workload. Today, Sun servers andstorage, Oracle Real Application Clusters, Oracle Applications, Oracle Grid Computing, supportfor enterprise Linux, and Oracle Fusion, all fuel a commitment to innovation and results that hasdefined Oracle for thirty years.

What does Oracle have in store for tomorrow? Our goal is to become #1 in middleware and #1 inapplications, just as we have in database. And we will provide our customers with complete,open solutions integrated from the disk to applications software that meet their business needsand solve their business problems. And, we will continue to innovate and to lead the industry,while always making sure that we focus solving the problems of the customers that rely on ourtechnology.


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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ANNALYSIS

2010 2009 2008 2007 2006

Period End Date 05/31/201005/31/20

0905/31/200

805/31/200

705/31/200

6

Period Length 12 Months12

Months12 Months 12 Months 12 Months

Stmt Source 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K

Stmt Source Date 07/01/201006/29/20

0907/02/200

806/29/200

707/21/200

6

Stmt Update Type Updated Updated Updated Updated Updated

Revenue 26,820.0 23,252.0 22,430.0 17,996.0 14,380.0

Total Revenue 26,820.0 23,252.0 22,430.0 17,996.0 14,380.0

Cost of Revenue, Total 5,764.0 4,794.0 4,981.0 4,191.0 3,235.0

Gross Profit 21,056.0 18,458.0 17,449.0 13,805.0 11,145.0

Selling/General/AdministrativeExpenses, Total

5,991.0 5,423.0 5,487.0 4,599.0 3,732.0

Research & Development 3,254.0 2,767.0 2,741.0 2,195.0 1,872.0

Depreciation/Amortization 1,973.0 1,713.0 1,212.0 878.0 583.0

Interest Expense (Income), NetOperating

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Unusual Expense (Income) 776.0 234.0 165.0 159.0 222.0Other Operating Expenses, Total 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Operating Income 9,062.0 8,321.0 7,844.0 5,974.0 4,736.0

Interest Income (Expense), NetNon-Operating

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Gain (Loss) on Sale of Assets 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other, Net 56.0 3.0 67.0 86.0 36.0

Income Before Tax 8,243.0 7,834.0 7,834.0 5,986.0 4,810.0

Income Tax - Total 2,108.0 2,241.0 2,313.0 1,712.0 1,429.0Income After Tax 6,135.0 5,593.0 5,521.0 4,274.0 3,381.0

Minority Interest 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Equity In Affiliates 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

U.S. GAAP Adjustment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Net Income Before Extra.

Items6,135.0 5,593.0 5,521.0 4,274.0 3,381.0


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Total Extraordinary Items 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Net Income 6,135.0 5,593.0 5,521.0 4,274.0 3,381.0

Total Adjustments to NetIncome

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Preferred DividendsGeneral Partners' Distributions

Basic Weighted Average Shares 5,014.0 5,070.0 5,133.0 5,170.0 5,196.0

Basic EPS ExcludingExtraordinary Items

1.22 1.1 1.08 0.83 0.65

Basic EPS Including

Extraordinary Items1.22 1.1 1.08 0.83 0.65

Diluted Weighted AverageShares

5,073.0 5,130.0 5,229.0 5,269.0 5,287.0

Diluted EPS ExcludingExtrordinary Items

1.21 1.09 1.06 0.81 0.64

Diluted EPS IncludingExtraordinary Items

1.21 1.09 1.06 0.81 0.64

Dividends per Share - CommonStock Primary Issue

0.2 0.05 0.0 0.0 0.0

Gross Dividends - CommonStock

1,004.0 250.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Interest Expense, Supplemental 754.0 630.0 394.0 343.0 169.0

Depreciation, Supplemental 298.0 263.0 268.0 249.0 223.0

Normalized EBITDA 12,136.0 10,518.0 9,477.0 7,260.0 5,764.0

Normalized EBIT 9,838.0 8,555.0 8,009.0 6,133.0 4,958.0

Normalized Income Before Tax 9,019.0 8,068.0 7,999.0 6,145.0 5,032.0

Normalized Income After Taxes 6,712.55 5,762.92 5,644.37 4,387.53 3,537.05

Normalized Income Available toCommon 6,712.55 5,762.92 5,644.37 4,387.53 3,537.05

Basic Normalized EPS 1.34 1.14 1.1 0.85 0.68

Diluted Normalized EPS 1.32 1.12 1.08 0.83 0.67

Amortization of Intangibles 2,000.0 1,700.0 1,200.0 878.0 583.0


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REFERENCES

http://en.wikipedia.org

http://www.oracle.com

http://www.theofficialboard.com

http://moneycentral.msn.com

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2. It Industry