1.You must walk all the way instead of taking a lift if you visit _____ .

2. If you want to see Van Gogh’s paintings, you may go to ___

3. You can expect to see videos in_____ .

4. If you want to know how people lived 5,000 years ago, you should visit ___ .

5. Which museum does number 4 in the map stand for?

6.Where can we enjoy a special exhibition of new art by living artists?

7. _____ is the best place for people who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings.

8. ____ contributed all his possession to the country and the museum was thus named after him.

4. Where might you see such a text?

Read the text again and try to find the answers of following questions

1. You must walk all the way instead of taking a lift if you visit _____ .

A. Metropolitan Museum of Art

B. Whitney Museum of American Art

C. Museum of Modern Art

D. Guggenheim Museum

2. If you want to see Van Gogh’s paintings, you may go to _____ .

A. The Frick Collection

B. Guggenheim Museum

C. Museum of Modern Art

D. Metropolitan Museum of Art

3. You can expect to see videos in_____.

A. Metropolitan Museum of Art

B. Museum of Modern Art

C. The Frick Collection

D. Whitney Museum of American Art

4. If you want to know how people lived 5,000 years ago, you should visit ___ .

A. Metropolitan Museum of Art

B. Whitney Museum of American Art

C. Museum of Modern Art

D. Guggenheim Museum

5. Which museum does number 4 in the map stand for?

A. Metropolitan Museum of Art

B. The Frick Collection

C. Museum of Modern Art

D. Whitney Museum of American Art

6. Where can we enjoy a special exhibition of new art by living artists?A. Whitney Museum of American Art.B. Museum of Modern Art.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art.D. The Frick Collection.

7. _____ is the best place for people who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings.

A. Metropolitan Museum of Art.

B. Museum of Modern Art.

C. Whitney Museum of American Art.

D. Guggenheim Museum.

A

D

8. ____ contributed all his possession to the country and the museum was thus named after him.

• A. Metropolitan

• B. Whitney

• C. Frick

• D. Picasso

C

• 1. would rather• 2. have a preference for• 3. be well worth a visit• 4. appeal to• 5. feel as if• 6. lie in• 7. the variety of its are collection• 8. more than 5000 years of civilization• 9. a typical room• 10. It is amazing that …• 11. art works• 12. admission price• 13. contemporary American painting • 14. all the time

• 1. 宁可• 2. 偏爱• 3. 很值得一看• 4. 吸引，呼吁• 5. 感到好像• 6. 在于• 7. 多样的艺术收藏品• 8. 五千多年的文明史 • 9. 一个典型的房间• 10. 令人惊讶的是• 11. 艺术作品• 12. 票价• 13. 当代美国绘画• 14. 一直

• 15. all the time• 16. every two years• 17. hold a special echibitio

n• 18. living artists

• 15. 一直• 16. 每两年• 17. 举行一次特别• 的展览• 18. 活着的艺术家

英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气有动词的不同形式来表示。

一：陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、或感叹等形式。

I am not interested in what you said.

Have you ever been to France?

What a splendid palace!

一 . 语气的分类

二、祈使语气 (The Imperative Mood),用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。

Let’s have a talk.

Don’t jump in the queue.

Open the door ,please .

三：虚拟语气：表示所叙述的不是事实，而是一种愿望、 假设、建议、猜测或使语气婉转。

1 。 If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to picnic. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去野餐了。

2 。 If I were you , I wouldn’t lose heart. 我要是你，我不会灰心的。（我不是你）。

3 。 If he were here, everything would be all right . 要是他在这里，一切都没问题了。（他不在这里）

包含条件从句的句子成为条件句。条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句。（如果假设的情况是有可能发生的。）

一类是虚拟条件句。（表示纯粹假设或实现可可能性不大）。

Task Four: Let’s distinguish （辨析） Do Ex.2 on Page 5 individually, then check

your answers with your partner.

1.W

2.F

3.W4.F

Task Two: Let’s imagine

Work in groups. Say what you would do in such a specific

situation.Group 1 If you were an English teacher, what would you do to help those who are poor in English? Model: If I were an English teacher, I would _______________.

Group 2 If you should become a millionaire tomorrow, what would you do to help our school? Model: If I should become a millionaire, I would _________. Group 3 If you now took possession of the valuable painting Mona Lisa by de Vinci, what would you do to protect it? Model: If I now took possession of the valuable painting Mona Lisa by de Vinci, I would _____________________.

Group 4 It is cool to have a good knowledge of English. Unfortunately, I am not quite good at it. I wish (that) I could _____________________.

Conclusion: 虽然上述假设很诱人，我们的愿望也非常美好，但无一例外地不可能真地发生。我们称之if_______ 条件句或 __________ 的愿望，句中运用了反常规的谓语动词形式，也就是使用了虚拟语气（ the Subjunctive Mood ）

Task Two: Let’s imagine

Work in groups. Say what you would do in such a specific

situation.

非真实 难以实现

虚拟语气表示所叙述的不是事实，而是一种愿望、假设、建议、猜测或使语气婉转。该语气靠反常规的谓语形式来体现。

Task Three: Let’s discover

Attempt to find out more sentences where the Subjunctive Mood is used in this unit. Then write down one sentence or two.

Model: 1.If you could have three of these paintings on the walls of your classro

om, which would you choose?(Page 1,Line 2-3)

2.Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist?

3.________________________________________________________________________________________

_

4.________________________________________________________________________________________

_

____________________________________________________________________________________

5.________________________________________________________________________________________

_

____________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________.

If you were an artist,what kind of pictures would you paint? (P1, L7)If the rules of perspective had not been discovered,no one woul

d have been able to paint such realistic pictures. (P2,L26)Without the new paints and the new technique, we could

not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which

this period is famous.

Task Five: Let’s observe

Observation 一 .if 非真实条件句

1 ） If I were you, I should/would finish my homewo

rk first.

2 ） If she had enough money at hand, she could/w

ould/might buy her father a birthday present.

Conclusion: 表示与 ___________ 事实相反， if

从句谓语动词用 ________________( be ※ 动词一般用 ________) ；主句谓语用 ___________________

__________..

你总是不让人省心！

平时钱真该省着点花！

should/would/could/might +V（原）

过去式（ did)were

现在

1) If he ______ to do so, he could find the time.

A. wants B. wanted

C. would want D. has wanted

2) If I ____ a bird, I ____ very happy.

A. were, would be B. am, shall be

C. am, would be D. were, shall be

B

A

Task Five: Let’s observe

Observation .if Ⅰ 非真实条件句

3 ） If Newton were to come to our school tomorrow, I shou

ld/would/could ask him for the trick of the trade in physics l

earning.

4 ） If my father returned home tomorrow, he would/might c

ome to see me.

5 ） If it should snow tomorrow, our school would look muc

h more beautiful.

Conclusion: 表示与 _______ 事实相反， if 从句谓语动词用 ___________/__________ 或 ____________ ；主句谓语用 ____________________________ （与对 _______ 事实虚拟时的谓语模式相同） .

美吧你

我可有几年没看见他了。

难道真的天有不测风云么？

将来were to do should do 过去式（ di

d)should/would/could/might +V（原）

现在

1)If he ____ in a day or two, I would wait for him.

A. returns B. should have returned

C. were to return D. had returned

2) I don’t think he will attend the party. But if he ____ the party, what would he wear?

A. should attend B. would attend C. attend D. had attended

C

A

Task Five: Let’s observe

Observation .if Ⅰ 非真实条件句

6 ） If he had come earlier, he would have seen her.

7 ） She would have gone to the party if she had b

een invited.Conclusion: 表示与 ___________ 事实相反， if 从句谓语动词用 _________________ ；主句谓语用 _______________________________________.

很失望没有见到心仪的她！

混的背！没人请俺去！

should/would/could/might +have done

过去完成式（ had done)

过去

1)If you ____ the doctor’s advice, you would have recovered already.

A. followed B. would follow

C. follow D. had followed

2) I didn’t know Smith was coming until now. If you had let me know yesterday, I ____ to the airport to meet him.

A. would have gone B. would go

C. will have gone D. will go

D

A

3) What ____ last night if you ____ to do your washing?

A. would you do, hadn’t had

B. would you have done, hadn’t had

C. would you do, didn’t have

D. would you have done, didn’t have

4) If I had hurried, the train ____ .

A. would catch B. would have caught

C. had caught D. would have been caught

B

D

温馨提示：我们已经学习过，当 if 条件从句中含有 should, were 或 had (done) 时，可将 should, were 或 had 放至句首，省略连词 if ，构成倒装句 .

1)If I were you, I would concentrate on my study.______ ____ _____,I would concentrate on my study.2)Should you observe the rules at school, I wouldn’t s

cold you._____ _______ ________ observe the rules at school,

I wouldn’t scold you.3)If the rules of perspective had not been discovered,

no one would have been able to paint such realistic paintings.

______ the rules of perspective ___ been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic paintings.

Were I you

If you should

Had not

If there should be a flood, what should

we do?

=Should there be a flood, what should w

e do?

____ today, he would get there on Friday.

A.Was he leaving B. If he leaves

C. Were he to leave D. If he is leaving

C

• ② 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。即用 without, but for( 要不是 ), given more time, on condition that( 假如 ) ， or (else) 代替 if 从句

• Without air, there would be no living things.

• I would not have succeeded but for your help.

含蓄条件句

条件从句

If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式

现在

过去

未来

过去式 (were)

had done

would/could/should/might +V.( 原 )

would/could/should/might +have done1. 过去式

2. should+ V.( 原 )

3. were to do

would/could/should/might +V.( 原 )

小结：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气

注意 有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。这种现象称之为“错综时间条件句”。

1 ） If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be well now.

2 ） If I were you ， I would not have gone to see the film yesterday.

过去

过去现在

现在

1)If she _____ the medicine earlier, she ______ ill now.

A. takes; won't be B. took; wouldn't be

C. had taken; wouldn't be

D. had taken; wouldn't have been

2) If you ____ with George yesterday morning, you would not be so angry now.

A. talked B. had talked

C. could talk D. were to talk

C

B

If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.

注意 2 ： If 引导的条件从句，不是全部都用虚拟语气。如果从句的事实有可能发生，那么，它的主句和从句的谓语动词的形式是：主为将，从为现。

虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用

Wish的宾语从

I wish I ______a bird.

I wish he ____________that. (do)

I wish I ___________rich in the future.

were

hadn‘t done

would be

与现在 事实相反 过去时（ did/were ）

与过去事实相反 had+ 过去分词

与将来 事实相反 would/could/might+ 动词原形

1.Wish 引导的宾语从句

I wish I were as tall as you.

I wish I were a bird.

I wish every day were my birthday.

I wish/wished I hadn’t eaten

so much watermelon.

(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟 : 从句动词常用“ had ＋过去分词”。

The party was terrible, I wish

I had never gone to it.

I wish it would rain tomorrow.

1)– Did you see Rose before she went to England?

-- No. I wish I ____ her.

A. see B. saw C. had seen D. should see

2) – Joe has three sisters, doesn’t he?

-- No wonder he wishes he ____ a brother.

A. had B. will have C. have D. can have

3) – Maybe Paula will bring us good news about out tests.

-- I wish she _____.

A. does B. brings it C. will D. would

C

A

D

三 . 表示要求 , 命令 , 建议的虚拟语气。

1). 由动词（一个坚持 , 两个命令 , 三个建议 , 四个要求）引导的宾语从句。用虚拟语气 should+V. 或者省略 should, 即 1). 坚持 insist

2). 命令 order, command

3). 建议 advise, suggest, recommend

4). 要求 demand, require, request, desir

e

• We insisted they (should) not be present at such gathering.

• He ordered that all (should) take part in the work.

• He suggested we (should) start off early the next day.

• They requested that we (should) have lunch with them.

注意 : 当 suggest 表示“暗示 , 表明” insist 表示“坚持认为”时 , 不用虚拟语气 :

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.

• The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

1)We demanded that he ____ the bill by the end of the month.

A. would pay B. pay C. paid D. had paid

2) -- Did your father go to New York?

-- No, his doctor suggested that he ____.

A. not go B. isn’t going C. didn’t go D.won’t go

3) His saying suggested he ___ with her words.

A. not agree B. didn’t agree

C. hadn’t agree D. doesn’t agree

B

A

B

4) – I’ve heard that John wrote a long letter to the president.

-- His uncle insisted that he ____ it.

A. did B. had done C. do D. would do

5) I insisted that I ____ my homework last night.

A. did B. had done C. do D. would do

C

B

2. 在 would rather 结构中表现在和将来的愿望 过去时（ did/were ）

表过去的愿望 had+ 过去分词

★ I would rather you paid me now.★ I would rather you came tomorrow. ★ I would rather I hadn’t come yesterday.

Multiple choices1.If he had not lost his money, he ____ the piano last week.

A .would buy B. had bought C. could have bought D. bought2.I don’t think that I shall fail. But if I ____, I would try again.

A. fail B. would fail C. should fail D. had failed3. I wish I ____ able to tell him all about it last night.

A. was B. were C. had been D. should be 4. The man insisted that he _____ there. A.should send B. would be sent C. sent D. be sent

C

C

C

Ｄ

5. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.

A.must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished6._____ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave7.Should it rain, the crops _____ . A. would be saved B. would have been savedC. will be saved D. had been saved8.You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

A. would B. should have C. may D. have

C

C

A

B

9.I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.

A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent

10. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.

A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch

11.--- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”

--- “No, but I wish I _____”A.have B. will C. do

D. had12.We _____ the work on time without your

help.A. hadn’t had finished B. didn’t have

finishedC. couldn’t have finished D. can’t have

finished

Ｃ

Ｄ

Ｃ

Ｂ

1. If I had had enough time, I ___ my work. 　　　　

　 A.would finis B.must have finished 　 D.had finished

C.would have finished 　

C

Exercise

2.Ten minutes earlier, they ___ the plane. 　　　　

A.will catch 　 B.would catch

C.would have caught 　 D.will have caught

C

3.Mr Green requires that the students

___ a composition every other week.

　 A.write 　　 B.writen 　　 C.would write 　　 D.will write

4.Had he studied hard, he___ the exam. 　　　　　　　　　

　 A.would pass 　 B.could pass 　 C.had passed 　 D.would have passed

A

D

5. I wish I ___ what is happening there in his room. 　　 　 A.know 　 B.known 　 C.knew 　 D.should know

C

7. If there were no water in the world, everything ___. 　

A.will die 　 B.would die 　 C.would have died 　 D.would have been dead

B

8. ___ what was going to happen,

I would never have left her alone.

A.Had I known 　 B.If I know 　 D.If had I known C.If I knew 　

A

9. He ordered that the work ___ right away. 　　　　　 A.should finish 　 B.finished 　 C.would be finished 　 D.be finished 10. ___ in your position, I would help him. 　　　　 　 A.Was I 　 B.Were I 　 C.If I am 　 D.If I had been

D

B

11. —Shall we go to the movie tonight? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　 —No, I'd rather ___ at home with our baby. You'd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.

A.you stayed 　 B.you stay 　 C.stayed 　 D.stay

A

12. Mrs Black insists___ in that old hotel. 　　 　 A.not to stay 　 B.not staying 　 C.staying not 　 D.that she not stay 13. If you had spoken clearly, you would___. 　　　　　 　 A.understand it 　 B.have understood 　 C.be understood 　 D.have been understood

　

D

D

14. If you ___ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.

A.haven‘t watched 　 B.hadn’t watched 　 C.didn‘t watch 　 D.wouldn't have watched

15. The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he ___ a Chinese.

　 A.is 　 B.be 　 C.should be 　D.were

B

D

16.—If he ___, he___ that food. 　　　　　 　 — Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.　 A.was warned; would not take　 B.would be warned; had not taken　 C.had been warned; would not have taken　 D.would have been warned; had not taken

C

17.If there were no subjunctive mood , English____ much easier .

A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be

18.The fire ___ if you had been more careful .A. would not be burning B. would not b

urn C. would not have been burnt D. would not b

urnt

19. You didn’t let me drive . If we _____in turn , you _____so tired . A. drove ; didn’t get B. drove ; wouldn’t get C. were driving, wouldn’t D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got

20.If it _____ rain , the crops would be saved .

A. should B. will C. is going to D. was to

21. ______ today , he would get to Germany by Friday .

A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave

C. Would he leave D. If he leaves

22.If he ______ it , he ______ it.

A. had seen ; could have believed

B. saw ; couldn’t believe

C. saw ; couldn’t have believed

D. has seen ; had believed

1. If you __________ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you could have seen them off. 2. If they___________ (not help) us ,our experiment would have failed. 3. The manager was in his office then. If he _________ (be) here, everything __________________ (settle) in a minute.

had arrived

hadn't helped

填空

had been

would haven been settled

4.She insisted that she______ (send) to work in the faraway small town. 5. ______ I not ______ (forget) his telephone number,I would have rung him. 6.He is busy now. If he ___ (be) free, he______ (go) with you. would go

forgotten

(should) be sent

Had

were

Task Six: Let’s practiseDo Ex.2 (5-8) Complete the sentences according

to the patterns showed in the two charts above.

5.If he ______ the right to choose his holiday, he ________ to Mexico. He wishes he ________ _________ (spend) his holiday in Mexico. 6. I _________ __________ shellfish if I ________ not allergic( 过敏的 ) to them. I wish I ________ ________ shellfish. 7.If the marble statue ________ fit for her garden, the housewife _________ _________ it. The housewife wishes she _______ ________ the marble statue to decorate her garden. 8.We ______ ______ able to treat the patients effectively if we _______ more about the disease. How we wish we _________ more about the disease!

had would go

would buy

could/would spend

were

would be

could/would eat

could eatwere

could buy

knewknew

Task Seven: Let’s check

Do Ex.3 on page 5. Discuss with your partners if necessary.

1. were,would make

3. were,would be

5. were,would help

7. knew,would send

9. were,would be 10. came/should come/were to come,

could

8. could

6. could take

4. could ,would paint

2. were,would be

Suggested answers

Task Eight: Let’s summarize

Now you are asked to think about what you have learnt from this v

ery lesson. Try to describe it in detail and set it down.(Chinese is

allowed)

Form this class, I have learnt the following:

1)

2)

3)

温馨提示：我们已经学习过，当 if 条件从句中含有 should, were 或 had (done) 时，可将 should, were 或 had 放至句首，省略连词 if ，构成倒装句 .

1) If I were you, I would concentrate on my study.______ _____ _______,I would concentrate on my study.2) Should you observe the rules at school, I wouldn’t scold

you._____ _______ ________ observe the rules at school, I wo

uldn’t scold you.3) If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no o

ne would have been able to paint such realistic paintings._______ the rules of perspective _____ been discovered, n

o one would have been able to paint such realistic paintings.

Were I you

If you should

Had not

Observation . wish Ⅱ 的宾语从句1 ） I wish I now studied in the Pecking University.2 ） I wish I were as wealthy as Bill Gates.3 ） I wish he could come tomorrow.4 ） I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more.5 ） I wish I might attend a key university in two year

s.

愿 望 宾语从句的谓语模式

wish 现在难以实现的

将来难以实现的

Fill in the chart below.

过去式

过去式（ did ） ; be 动词用 were

would/could/might +V（原）

Task One: Let’s talk

The Spring Festival is on the way. Share your plans on the coming winter vacation with your

partner.

A: If the Spring Festival comes, what will you do?

B: If it comes, I will ….

Conclusion: 上述设想会真实地发生，称之” if ________ 条件句”，

使用 _______ 语气

Sample things to do: go and stay with my parents in Guangzhou

help mum with the housework

do some reading every day

receive some lucky money

visit my grandparents

enjoy myself in an Internet cafe

be dressed in new clothes and play with my cousins

…

真实直陈