1. The ____ empire included Turkey, Iraq, and much of the Arabian Peninsula.

2. Political and religious leader of Islam. 3. Holy city of Islam; home of the Kabaa

a.Jihad b. Ottoman c. Caliph d. Mecca e. Wahhabi

4.Islamic Holy Text.5.There are ____ Pillars of Islam6.After the death of Muhammad, Islam split into two groups. Name one.

The Persian Gulf in Modern Times

Objective 1: explore the many factors that influence society in the region. Objective 2: analyze the impact of history on the region and its people.Objective 3: explore the idea of fundamentalism and describe its impact.

Ottoman Empire

History

• Ottoman control ended with WW1. • Power transitions to what country? • Iraq created by L of N despite internal ethnic

divisions (Shia, Sunni, and Kurds) • Oil discovered:– Iraq (1927)– Saudi Arabia and Kuwait (1938)

Photograph: British troops cross flooded land in Mesopotamia, 1919

Independence to Dictatorship

• Iraq (1932) but with British aligned ruler (King Faisal) – Why?

• 1958 coup overthrows King Faisal, ended with Baath party taking power in 1963– Saddam Hussein becomes dictator

in 1979

Iran-Iraq War

• Iraq invaded Iran in 1980• Attempted grab of oil rich lands, and to

become new regional power. – Also concerned with Shia majority in Iraq

• Iraq supported by Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United States and the Soviet Union!

• Ended in 1988, no clear winner

Arabia and Iraq Today

• Wahhabis – belief in literal interpretation of the Quran, reject all modern interpretations.– Women often wear the hijab– Rulers of Saudi Arabia are Wahhabis

• Islamism – belief that politics and society should follow Islamic teaching. – Modern examples?

Questions for thought:Why might interpreting any older document be problematic?

What impact does literally interpreting the Bible have on our society?

Islamism and Jihad

• A small number of Muslims see European and American influence as a threat.

• Misinterpret the term Jihad (def) to mean violence. (i.e. al Qaeda) – Terrorism (use of violence against innocent

civilians to create fear for political reasons)– Goes against the teachings of the Quran!

Region Built on Oil

• Economies specialize in oil production.• Oil economies neglect entrepreneurship – Region is dependent on oil supplies. Problem?– Attempts to diversify include Bahrain and Dubai.

Financial leaders.

Cultural Concerns

• Some are uncomfortable with Western influence.

• Women’s rights issues (mostly in Arabia)– Hijab– Working with unrelated men – Unable to drive – Cannot travel without the permission of a male in

the family.