1st TAFISA World Forum rld Forum: Integrative Force of Sport for … · 2018-04-19 · TAFISA MAGAZINE The Integrative Force of Sport for All: Building New Understandings December

TA F I S AM A G A Z I N E

T h e I n t e g r a t i v e F o r c e o f S p o r t f o r A l l :B u i l d i n g N e w U n d e r s t a n d i n g s

D e c e m b e r 1 4 - 1 7 , 2 0 0 6

F r a n k f u r t o n t h e M a i n , G e r m a n y

1 s t T A F I S A W o r l d F o r u m

1 2007

Under the Patronage of ICSSPE

1 20

07

TAF

ISA

Mag

azin

e W

orl

d F

oru

m:

Inte

gra

tive

Fo

rce

of

Sp

ort

fo

r A

ll

tafisa_US_230507 22.06.2007 15:36 Uhr Seite 1

Contact

TAFISA Office DienstleistungszentrumMainzer Landstraße 15360261 Frankfurt / MainGERMANYphone 0049.69.136 44 747 fax 0049.69.136 44 748e-mail [email protected]://www.tafisa.net

Impressum

Editor: Trim & Fitness International Sport for All Association (TAFISA)Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Dr. Diane Jones-PalmEditorial Assistant: Ingrid MartelEditorial Board: Dr. Oscar Azuero, Colombia, Wolfgang Baumann, Germany,

Prof. Dr. Ju-Ho Chang, Korea, Comfort Nwankwo, Nigeria, Jorma Savola, Finland

Production and layout: Gebr. Klingenberg Buchkunst Leipzig GmbH

Distribution: 1500

ISSN: 1990-4290

The TAFISA Magazine is the official magazine of TAFISA. It is published up to two times ayear and issued to members, partners and supporters of TAFISA. Articles published reflect theviews of the authors and not necessarily those of TAFISA. Reproduction of articles is possi-ble as long as the source is accredited.

This TAFISA Magazine is published with the generous support of the German Federal Ministry of the Interior. Moreover, TAFISA appreciates the support of the City of Frankfurt, the Commerzbank AG,the Hesse State Ministry of the Interior and for Sport, the German Olympic SportConfederation, Gundlach Holding GmbH & Co. KG and Sport StadiaNet AG.


TAFISA Magazine | 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Greetings Shang-Hi Ree (Korea)

Editorial Diane Jones-Palm (USA)

Program of the 1st TAFISA World Forum: The Integrative Force of Sport for All: Building New Understandings.

Organizing and Scientific Committee

Impressions of the Forum

Welcoming Addresses:• Dr. Wolfgang Schäuble, German Minister of the Interior presented by

Ernst Wilzeck, Senior Advisor• Uwe Becker, Deputy Mayor, Department for Social Affairs, Youth and

Sports of the City of Frankfurt/Main• Hon. Brian Dixon, Treasurer TAFISA, Australia• Prof. Walther Tröger, IOC Member and Chairman of the IOC Sport for

All Commission, Germany• Walter Schneeloch, Vice President, German Olympic Sports Federation

Plenary Session: Sport for All as a Vehicle to Build Integration in Communitites

International Migration and the Challenge of Integration Prof. Dr. Charlotte Höhn (Germany)

Sport and Social Capital: Using Sport to Build Integration Prof. Dr. Ian Henry (Great Britian)

Section 1: Sport as a Tool for Community Integration

Integration and Sport for All: The Japanese PerspectiveProf. Dr. Yasuo Yamaguchi (Japan)

Ciclovía - A New Way to Integrate the Colombian Citizenship, Habitat and Sports Dr. Oscar Azuero Ruiz (Columbia)

Section 2: Local, Regional and National Policies on Integration through Sports

Integration Policy in Australia for Immigrants, Refugees and the Disabled:The contribution of Football and Sports for All Programs Hon. Brian Dixon (Australia)

Page3

4

5

10

11

14

23

27

41

45

49

END_Tafisa_text 25.06.2007 15:09 Uhr Seite 1

Dea

I areadMaof SintepreFORBuiFraIt iGerablemen

Thefirsablefostexisly emucerinand

TAFMinthe AGatioandAndscieHenJon

2 | TAFISA Magazine

54

58

62

66

71

74

76

81

82

84

88

92

93

Integration through Sport – The Nation-wide Program of the DOSB Andreas Klages, Frank Eser (Germany)

Integration: The Dutch ExampleWillie Westerhof (Netherlands)

Section 3: Bridging the Gap: How can Sport Buid a Bridge between Cultures?

Understanding Modern Sport in Contemporary Islamic and Muslim Contexts Dr. Mahfoud Amara, (Great Britain)

Sport for All and Social Integration: The Case of South African Rainbow NationProf. Anneliese Goslin (South Africa)

Sport For All in Response to the “Banlieu” Riots Joël Raynaud (France)

2006 FIFA World Cup Germany and what comes next?The role of Integration Within the German Football AssociationWilli Hink (Germany)

Meeting the Challenges of Human and Social Development through Culture, Youth and Sport in the Caribbean Prof. Dr. Darlene A. Kluka (USA)

ConclusionRecommendations from the First TAFISA World Forum on Integrationand Sport for All

Presentation of Philip Noel-Baker Research Award to Prof. Dr. Jürgen Palm by Prof. Dr. Gudrun Doll-Tepper, President of ICSSPE

List of Participants

Letter of Secretary General

Upcoming Events

Membership list

Board of Directors


Dear Friends and Colleagues,

I am particularly proud to welcome thereader to this, the 2nd issue of the TAFISAMagazine. This issue is built on the themeof Sport and Integration, a topic of greatinterest around the world, and contains thepresentations made at the 1st TAFISAFORUM on Integration through Sport:Building New Understandings, held inFrankfurt, Germany, December 14-17, 2006.It is though the generous support of theGerman Ministry of Interior that we areable to publish the nearly complete docu-mentation of presentations at the Forum.

There are three major themes found within:first, that Sport for All can provide a valu-able context in which integration can befostered; second, that many good examplesexist where integration has been successful-ly enhanced by sport, and third, that there ismuch work ahead for Sport for All, consid-ering the different contexts in which sportand integration must take place.

TAFISA is grateful to the German FederalMinistry of the Interior, the State of Hesse,the City of Frankfurt, the CommerzbankAG, the German Olympic Sports Feder-ation, the Federal Institute for Sport Scienceand ICSSPE for their support of the Forum.And I would like to personally thank thescientific committee, which include Dr. IanHenry, Prof. Dr. Peter Kaputstin, Dr. DianeJones-Palm and Dr. Gudrun Doll-Tepper.

In addition, the managing committee ofWolfgang Baumann, Ingrid Martel andDiane Jones-Palm deserve particular thanksfor an excellent Forum, the first in what wehope will be at least a bi-yearly event.

You have no doubt seen that there has beena change in the editorial board of theTAFISA magazine. Prof. Dr. Diane Jones-Palm, the widow of Prof. Dr. Jurgen Palm,and a experienced editor in her own right,has taken over the editorial post of theTAFISA magazine to keep on the Palmname.

We trust that the national and internationalcommunity of TAFISA members and col-leagues in Sport for All will benefit fromthe wisdom and perspectives found in thesepages.

Dr Shang-Hi RheeTAFISA President

TAFISA Magazine | 3

54

58

62

66

71

74

76

81

82

84

88

92

93


4 | TAFISA Magazine

Pr

Thu

17:0

20:0

Fri

9:30

10:3

11:0

The timely and most unfortunate death ofmy husband, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Palm, thefounder and visionary leader of TAFISAand tireless worker in Sport for All, hasbeen a great personal loss not only for hisfriends around the world but for me as well.Because we worked parallel in the field ofsport, I as a university professor and physi-cal activity and health researcher, my hus-band kept me involved in his work. Thedreams, decisions and developments ofTAFISA were such a constant in our jointlives that it has seemed quite a natural stepto take over as Editor of the TAFISA Ma-gazine upon Jürgen’s passing. It is reward-ing and fulfilling to further Jürgen’s work,and to serve the organization that he devot-ed so much of spirit to.

This edition of the TAFISA Magazine pro-vides documentation on the First TAFISAWorld Forum, the first in a planned series ofprofessional meetings on contemporarytopics in Sport for All for members, man-agers, leaders, researchers and expertsaround the world. It is certainly clear fromthis first Forum that the real contribution ofSport for All for the individual and societyis becoming ever-clearer. This Forumshowcased many innovative programs un-derway in a variety of areas of the world atthe local, national and international levels.

The main theme of the second issue of theTAFISA Magazine is of special significance.This theme is social capital, a concept thatexplains how the context of sport helps par-ticipants to gain more success their connec-tions to other people. This issue shows howSport for All provides contexts for thedevelopment of social as well as physicalskills, and create networks that furtherstrengthen the individual’s commitment tocommunities and nations due to their in-volvement. There is considerable researchand practical experience that supports theview that the social capital and sportsframework can greatly advance the integra-tion of immigrants, refugees and provide acontext for new understandings betweengroups.

This theme of sport, social involvement andintegration is a fitting one for this secondedition of the TAFISA Magazine and to thememory of Dr. Jürgen Palm, who passion-ately believed in the transformative and in-tegrative power of Sport for All as a way tocreate a better world.

Editorial

Diane Jones-Palm is a Collegiate Professor and medical socio-logist at the University of Maryland in Heidelberg. She workedas a behavioral scientist at the US Centers for Disease Controland Prevention in the area of health risk behaviors, includingphysical inactivity, and was an investigator in WHO’s MONICAProject, focusing on international patterns of physical activity as a risk factor forcardiovascular disease. She was teaching at Emory University in Atlanta before joi-ning UMUC in Germany in January 1996. She has made over a hundred presenta-tions on the topics of physical activity, health and society in countries around theworld, including many TAFISA training academies and annual meetings, and haspublished on the topic in magazines, professional journals and books.


TAFISA Magazine | 5

Program

Thursday, 14 Dec 2006

Arrival of Delegates17:00 - 20:00 Visit Frankfurter Turnverein 1860 incl.

Program “Integration and Sport for All”

20:00 - 22:00 Welcome Dinner

Friday, 15 Dec 2006

9:30 - 10:30 Official OpeningGreeting Address by Dr. Wolfgang Schäuble, German Minister of Interior presented byErnst Wilzeck, Regierungsdirektor

Uwe Becker, Deputy Mayor, Department for Social Affairs, Youth and Sports of the City of Frankfurt/Main

Hon. Brian Dixon, Tresurer, TAFISA, Australia

Prof. Walther Tröger, IOC Member and Chairman of the IOC Sport for All Commission

Walter Schneeloch, Vice President, GermanOlympic Sports Federation

Presentation of Philip Noel-Baker Research Award to Prof. Dr. Jürgen Palm byProf. Dr. Gudrun Doll-Tepper, President of ICSSPE

10:30 - 11:00 Coffee Break

11:00 – 12:30 Plenary Session:Sport for All as a Vehicle to build Integrationin Communities

Themes: What challenges do we face regarding integration today? What is meant by ‘integration’?How does sport build integration?

thence.thatpar-nec-howtheicalhert toin-

archthe

ortsgra-de aeen

andondtheon-in-

y to

r--es


6 | TAFISA Magazine

18:0

19:0

Sat

9:00

9:30

Keynotes:International Migration and the Chall-enge of Integration Prof. Charlotte Höhn, Head of the Federal Research Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany

Sport and Social Capital: How Sport Builds Integration Prof. Ian Henry, Institute for Sport and Leisure Policy, Loughborough University, UK

Questions and Answers

Chairman: Wolfgang Baumann, Secretary General, TAFISA, Frankfurt/Main, Germany

12:30 - 14:00 Lunch

14:00 - 17:30 Section 1: Sport as a Tool for Commu-nity IntegrationModerator: Prof. Ian Henry, Institute for Sport and Leisure Policy, Loughborough University, UK

Theme: What are the lessons learned by communities in using sport for all to promote integration?

Case studies:Integration and Sport for All: The Japanese PerspectiveProf. Dr. Yasuo Yamaguchi, Faculty of Human Development, Kobe University, JapanImmigrant Sport in a Copenhagen Sports ClubLars Kruse, Danish Sport Confederation, Brøndby, Denmark


CycloviaDr. Oscar Azuero Ruiz, President, Cor-poración Deporte con Todos, Bogotá, ColombiaSoccer World Cup and its Intgrative ForcesWilli Hink, Director, German Soccer Federation, Frankfurt, Germany


TAFISA Magazine | 7

Questions and answers, open discussion

18:00 Reception hosted by the City of Frankfurt

19:00 - 21:00 Visit to Christmas Market and return by bus21:30

Saturday, 16 December 2006

9:00 - 10:30 Section 2: Local, Regional and National Policies on Integration through SportsModerator: Dr. Ewa Suska, Ministry of Sport, Department of Sport Strategy Development, Warsaw, Poland

Theme:Can sport policy enhance attempts at integration?

Case Studies:Integration Policy in Australia with spe-cial Reference to Aborigines, Migrants, Refugees and Sport for All and AFLFootballHon. Brian Dixon, former Minister of parliament, Melbourne, AustraliaIntegration Through Sport—The Nation-wide Program of the DOSBAndreas Klages, German Olympic Sport Federation, Frankfurt, GermanyIntegration: The Dutch ExampleWillie Westerhof, Netherlands Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Bennekkom, Netherlands

Questions and Answers, Discussion



8 | TAFISA Magazine

15:0

15:3

17:0

17:3

11:00 - 12:00 Panel Discussion: What Should Local,Regional and National Policies on Integration Consist Of?Moderator: Prof. Dr. h. c. Georg Anders, German Institute for Sport Science, Bonn, GermanyPanel:

Sarjit Singh, MARFIMA, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaProf. Dr. Gudrun Doll-Tepper, ICSSPE, Berlin, GermanyProf. Akindutire, University of Ado-Ekiti, NigeriaHon Brian Dixon, Melbourne, AustraliaProf Dr. Ian Henry, Loughborough University, UK


12:00 - 13:30 Lunch

13:30 - 15:00 Section 3: Bridging the Gap: How can Sport build a Bridge between Cultures?Moderator: Ms. Sawsan Charrhor, Special Advisor to the State of Hesse onImmigrants

ThemeWhat forms of sport for all best promote cultural understanding?

Keynote: Understanding Modern Sport in Con-temporary Islamic and Muslims ContextsDr. Mahfoud Amara, Institute for Sport and Leisure Policy, Loughborough University, UK

Case Studies:Integration and Sport for all: The SouthAfrican PerspectiveProf. Anneliese Goslin, Center for Leisure Studies, Pretoria, South Africa Sport for All in Response to the Banlieue RiotsJoel Raynaud, Committee National Olympique et Sportif François (CNOSF), Paris, France


TAFISA Magazine | 9

Meeting Challenges of Human and Social Capital Development through Culture, Youth and SportDr. Darlene Kluka, Director, Global Center for Social Change through Women’s Leadership and Sport, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA

Questions and Answers, Discussion

15:00 - 15:30 Coffee break

15:30 - 17:00 Podium Discussion: Taking Stock: Whatis the Future of Integration through Sport?

Moderator: Prof. Dr. Peter Kapustin, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

ThemesWhat seems to work and what doesn’t?What research and evaluation should be undertaken?What future problems can we anticipate and solve through sport?

Panel:Prof. Dr. Heinz Zielinski, Ministry of Interior and Sports, State of Hesse, Wiesbaden, Germany Dr. Mahfoud Amara, Institute for Sport and Leisure Policy, Loughborough University, UK Prof. Anneliese Goslin, Center for Leisure Studies, Pretoria, South Africa Gül Keskinler, Projekt START, Frankfurt, GermanyBernd Flade, President, SG Sossenheim, Germany


17:00 Summing up: 10 recommendations to enhance integration through Sport for AllProf. Dr. Gyöngyi Szabdo Földesi, National Sports for All Conferation, Budapest, Hungary

17:30 Transfer to Kloster Eberbach, Rheingau


Forum

Openi

Waltersecreta

10 | TAFISA Magazine

18:00 Festive Evening Reception at KlosterEberbach given by the Minister of Hesse of the Interior and Sport

22:00 Return to Hotel

Sunday, 17 December 2006

9:30 - 12:00 Sightseeing Tour Frankfurt City

Departure

Organizing Committee:· Wolfgang Baumann, TAFISA Secretary General· Prof. Dr. Diane Jones-Palm, Coordinator· Ingrid Martel, Assistant

Scientific Committee:· Prof. Dr. Diane Jones-Palm (University of Maryland, Heidelberg, GER)· Prof. Dr. Ian Henry (Loughborough University, UK)· Prof. Dr. Peter Kapustin (University of Würzburg, GER)· Dr. Georg Anders (Bundesinstitut für Sportwissenschaft, Bonn, GER)· Prof. Dr. Gudrun Doll-Tepper (President of ICSSPE, GER)


Impressions of the Forum

Forum at work Welcome speakers (from left): Prof. Dr. Gudrun Doll-Tepper, ICSSPEpresident, Walter Schneeloch, DOSB vice president, Hon. Brian Dixon,TAFISA treasurer, Prof. Walther Tröger, IOC member, Ernst Wilzeck,BMI senior advisor, Uwe Becker, deputy mayor city of Frankfurt

Opening Ceremony Prof. Walther Tröger, IOC member

Walter Schneeloch, DOSB vice president, Wolfgang Baumann, TAFISAsecretary general

Prof. Dr. Gudrun Doll-Tepper, ICSSPE president and DOSB vice presi-dent

TAFISA Magazine | 11



Reception Kaiser Saal, city of Frankfurt Presentation of Philip Noel-Baker Research Award to late Prof. JürgenPalm Wolfgang Baumann, Prof. Diane Jones-Palm, Prof. Gudrun Doll-Tepper

Sarjit Singh, Malaysia, Prof. Dr. Peter Kapustin, Germany, Hon. BrianDixon, Australia

Forum office: Thea Florijn, Ingrid Martel, Helena Weller-Baumann

from

from lDr. R

from Gorba

Opening Ceremony Uwe Becker, deputy mayor city of Frankfurt/Main, reception


ürgenDoll-

n

from left: Eva Eliason, Sweden, Dr. Ewa Suska, Poland from left: Dionysios Karakassis, Greece, Wim Florijn, Netherlands andwives

from left: Dr. Darlene Kluka, USA, Prof. Anneliese Goslin, South Africa,Dr. Roland Noirat, Switzerland

from left: Zadeh, I.R. Iran, Prof. Akindutrie, Nigeria, Dr. MahfoudAmara, UK


from left: Darko Dujmovic, Croatia, Goce Ilievski, Macedonia, GalinaGorbatenkova, Latvia, Milan Ilic, Croatia, Alexander Ratner, Russia

Reception at Kloster Eberbach



GenNov“seefor partlocaactiaud

In otionYeavidian ion ttionmiahav

Thethisutilthe Ger

-

- -

-

A tthesed osuitsust

Thenaticatilic, greastartinu

The integration of the many immigrants liv-ing in our country is a particular concern forthe Federal Government. The FederalChancellor’s Integration Summit held lastsummer, and the ongoing work on theestablishment of a National Integration Planfollowing on from this summit, have madethis clear.

Sport is a particularly useful tool for inte-gration since people engage in many typesof sport all over Germany. More than90,000 sports clubs with over 27 millionindividual members form the basis for alarge number of highly-varied competitiveand mass sports activities. Sport opens up anopportunity to exercise one’s own physicalstrength, to increase it and compare it withothers, and can thus contribute towards thedevelopment of the personality as a whole.

Sport is increasingly being exercised in allareas of cultural and social life to whichindividuals devote their free time. Wher-ever people live and work, sport is an estab-lished, meaningful element on our streets,in our cultural scenes, among our youngpeople, in our families, at celebrations or inclubs.

Endeavours towards integration throughsport must therefore overstep regional andspecialist responsibilities and be considereda crosscutting task, taking into account so-cial, cultural and personal environments.Success commonly comes from networkingwith other social policy players.

At the initiative of the Federal Government,the German Olympic Sports Association hasbeen operating the integration programme“Integration through Sport” for 16 years.

The programme receives funding to thetune of more than 5 million Euro per year.The common goal central to this nationwideprogramme targeting all ages is to integrateethnic German resettlers and aliens into thehost society through organised sports activ-ities. It has turned out that using sport as ameans of integration reduces linguistic bar-riers and cultural qualms, and helps toincrease acceptance between new and oldresidents. Team sport in particular is highlysuited to furthering social integration.

It would however be unprincipled if I werenot to also mention at this point the prob-lems which arise, for example the questionof how to reach the target groups. Sportcannot presume that migrants will find theirway into the associations by themselves.Rather, it is necessary to invite these indi-viduals and social groups, and to adjust theservices on offer to meet their needs andmake them interested.

I would like to emphasize in this context thecommitment of the German Football Asso-ciation for girls and young women. The plansof the German Gymnastics Federation tochannel its services in the field of gymnas-tics towards this target group are also prom-ising.

Female Moslems in particular are underre-presented in sport, although they have aconsiderable interest in participation.Whilst there are virtually no obstaclesduring childhood, religious education fre-quently leads many parents to prohibit par-ticipation in any form of sport as pubertysets in. “Integration through Sport” is not only anational topic. The United Nations in

Welcoming AddressesDr. Wolfgang Schäuble, MdBFederal Minister of the Interior, Germany



General Assembly Resolution 58/5 of 3November 2003 advises that we should“seek new and innovative ways to use sportfor communication and social mobilization,particularly at the national, regional andlocal levels, engaging civil society throughactive participation and ensuring that targetaudiences are reached.”

In order to achieve this goal, the United Na-tions declared 2005 to be the “InternationalYear of Sport and Physical Education”, pro-viding an excellent opportunity to awakenan interest at all levels of society, as well ason the part of governments, sports associa-tions, the business community and acade-mia, to the major potential of sport and tohave a sustained impact in the future.

The Federal Ministry of the Interior took upthis appeal as a renewed opportunity toutilise the potential of sport in particular inthe following areas in cooperation with theGerman sports organisations:

- promotion of peace and helping peopleto help themselves by means of interna-tional encounters,

- promotion of the integration of migrants, - promotion of equality of men and wom-

en in sport, and - promotion of the equality of people with

disabilities in sport.

A total of 24 projects were promoted inthese areas in 2005. A high value was plac-ed on the sustainability of projects, i.e. theirsuitability as a catalyst for cooperation andsustainable partnerships.

The United Nations’ report on the “Inter-national Year of Sport and Physical Edu-cation”, which has recently been made pub-lic, impressively demonstrates that it was agreat success all over the world; this is astarting point from which we wish to con-tinue in Germany in the years to come.

In this respect, I particularly welcome thefact that the TAFISA World Forum is espe-cially devoted to the power of sport as a toolfor integration, and I am sure that this willbring about additional impulses in thisdirection.

In my capacity as the federal ministerresponsible for sport, I wish all participantsa fruitful debate and a pleasant stay inFrankfurt am Main.

theear.

wideratethetiv-as abar-

tooldhly

wereob-tionportheirves.ndi-theand

thesso-ans

n tonas-om-

rre-e aon.

clesfre-par-erty

y ain


It iwelTAFSpoof FPrewhourgentilikeatteFornevtionmorto sfieling spa

DeaorgwelhavdeaHisa trnal memandinva

Jürgservand200izatpresdrathroof Sallywor

HoTAMe


I welcome you cordially in the plenaryassembly hall of the city Frankfurt/Main. Itis an honor to have the first TAFISA WorldForum to guest. Performance sport, likeSport for all, has a great socio-political im-portance in our city. We have approximate-ly 425 sport clubs in Frankfurt/Main count -ing more than 140,000 members, with45,000 members under 18 years. Childrenand youth have important success experi-ences in sport clubs, which build self-confi-dence, democratic cooperation and enhancesocial skills.

We have several large events which arevery popular in Frankfurt/Main:

- Over 2000 participants in Tuesday -Night-skating roll into the town centerfrom spring to autumn.

- The JP Morgan Chase Corporate Chal-lenge is an event run by the Frankfurtcity involving over 60,000 participantsfrom Germany. Based on the number ofparticipants, the JP Morgan Chase Cor-porate Challenge is the largest yearlysport event in Germany.

We in Frankfurt/Main particularly look for-ward to the International German Gymnas-tics celebration, one of the top events inSport for All in 2009. We expect approxi-mately 100,000 participants to attend thisevent, taking place every four years.

As you can see, the first TAFISA WorldForum is well situated in Frankfurt/Main.Also the topic of the forum - “TheIntegrative Force of Sport for All: Buildingnew Understandings“- is an important topicfor our city. Citizens from more than 170nations live in Frankfurt; every third citizenis an immigrant. Accordingly the integra-

tion of girls and boys is of particularinterest to sport associations.

Not coincidentally has the integration prize,which the city Frankfurt/Main lends annu-ally, gone to three sport associations: theVFL Goldstein, the Frankfurt Turnverein1860 and the Frankfurt sport youth project“Gallus Kids WM (World Cup) project.”In particular, the Frankfurt sport youthdeveloped a set of projects in its integrativeand preventively work in the past years.Thus the department of sport youth operatesthree youth centers, where youth works arecombined with homework assistance andconsultation. This sport-oriented youthsocial work ensures that many young peo-ple are reached who would not normallyseek membership in a “normal” youth cen-ter. A very popular program is Sports atNight program offered in ten locations.

We had more than 100 football tournamentsfor immigrant youth this year drawingapproximately 13,000 youngsters. The firstFrankfurt Boxing camp in the sport youthcentre Kuckucksnest was a new and mostpromising concept where young peoplesuccessfully learned boxing and it rules. This background gives you an idea howimportant integration is for the city Frank-furt/Main and the important and relevantrole that sport and gymnastic clubs play inintegration.

I am very excited to learn more of theresults of the first TAFISA World Forum.I wish you all the best for an excellentForum and continued success for your fur-ther work.

Uwe BeckerDepartmental Head for Social Affairs, Youth and Sport of the CityFrankfurt/Main,Germany


It is my special privilege and pleasure towelcome all of you cordially to the 1stTAFISA World Forum on “Integration andSport for All” in the historic city hall Römerof Frankfurt on the Main. On behalf of ourPresident Dr. Shang-Hi Rhee from Korea,who unfortunately cannot be with us due tourgent businesses in his country, and theentire TAFISA board of directors I wouldlike to express my sincere gratitude for yourattendance at this unique event. Indeed, thisForum can be rightly called a “Premiere”:never before in the history of the interna-tional Sport for All movement delegates ofmore than 40 countries worldwide have metto share their experiences in this decisivefield of Sport for All. The list of participat-ing countries and delegates is indeed globespanning.

Dear friends, the international Sport for Allorganization TAFISA and its members aswell as the global family of Sport for Allhave been deeply shocked by the suddendeath of Prof. Dr. Jürgen Palm last August.His passing away can be only described asa tragic and dramatic loss for the internatio-nal Sport for All Movement. For us and ourmembers his contribution to the promotionand growth of Sport for All has beeninvaluable.

Jürgen Palm was the founding and longserving President of TAFISA since 1991and has been elected Honorary President in2005. It was on his initiative that our organ-ization has been established and under hispresidency since then it has been growingdramatically. There can be no doubt,through his creativity and efforts in the fieldof Sport for All nationally and internation-ally the face of modern sport has changedworldwide and due to his many initiatives

millions of people all over the world haveadopted a healthy and active life style.

Jürgen Palm passed away much too early.With him we have lost a loyal and commit-ted friend and colleague and we will bemissing him.

To start with, however, let me take theopportunity to express my sincere gratitudeto all of our partners who have helped tomake this unique event become a reality.Above all I would like to thank the follow-ing people and organizations:

• The Federal German Government rep-resented by the Federal Ministry of the Interior for its generous moraland financial support of the Forum. We are extremely happy to have theGerman Government at our side –not only for this Forum but also as asupporter for our office. We under-stand this as a special privilege whichis indispensable for the success ofour work. I ask you, Mr. Wilzeckto convey our gratitude to Dr. Wolf-gang Schäuble, the German Minister ofthe Interior.

• The city of Frankfurt for offering usthis outstanding and historic venuefor the Forum. We are fully aware,Mr. Becker, that Frankfurt, indeed, is avery special place for TAFISA. Here wehave our headquarters, here our interna-tional organization is legally registeredas a “eingetragener Verein,” here actual-ly we feel at home. Your support is high-ly appreciated!

• The Commerzbank AG which does notonly support this Forum but also gen-erously hosts the TAFISA headquartersin one of its tremendous office buildingsin Frankfurt.

Hon. Brian Dixon TAFISA TreasurerMelbourne, Australia


ular

ize,nu-the

reinject

uthtivears.atesareandutheo-allyen-

s atons.

entsing

firstuth

mostopleles.

hownk-

vanty in

theum.lentfur-

City



smaexcectsmedrest

It iWoSpoplatworprojthrowillSpegratmigtiesatesbe betw

TAFeverealovevidetranThiyouexisWe andwornomtionbeeshonewneemunits rhavwhiplatWe ing is a

• Prof. Tröger as the representative ofthe IOC all these years has been avery reliable partner of TAFISA espe-cially in his function as the chairman ofthe IOC for Sport for All Commission.Thank you, Prof. Tröger, for this longstanding cooperation.

• The German Olympic Sport Confed-eration as one of TAFISA’s majorsupporters. The DOSB has alwaysbeen a strong promoter of the inter-national Sport for All Movement butat the same time of TAFISA. May Iask you, Mr. Schneeloch, to continuegiving TAFISA a hand to further devel-op successfully – we need your support.Let me at this moment also welcome Dr.Vesper, the new Director General of theDOSB. We are happy to have you heredespite your full agenda.

• The State of Hesse represented by theMinistry of the Interior and for Sport.Thank you, Prof. Zielinski, for beingour partner – and also hosting the fare-well evening at the Kloster Eberbach.

• A “Grand Dame” of internationalsports. I am addressing Prof. Dr. Gudrun Doll-Temper, the president of ICSSPE and newly elected vice-president of the DOSB. TAFISA ap-preciates very much that ICSSPE hasgranted patronage to our Forum.

• Last but not least for the work done bythe scientific committee of the Forum.My thanks go namely to Prof. DianeJones-Palm, University of Maryland,Prof. Ian Henry, Loughborough Uni-versity UK, Prof. Peter Kapustin, Univer-sity of Würzburg, Prof. Georg Anders,Federal Institute for Sports Sciences andProf. Gudrun Doll-Tepper again.

Let me offer special greetings to Mr. BengtSevelius, President of ENGSO, who is alsowith today.

Finally, let me also thank our TAFISASecretary General Wolfgang Baumann and

his team including Prof. Dr. Diane Jones-Palm and Ingrid Martel who have takengreat efforts to prepare and organize theForum. Indeed, this has been a great chal-lenge which I am sure, come the end of theForum we will say has been answered verysuccessfully.

I am happy that there are even more mem-bers of the TAFISA board present today:Dr. Ewa Suska from Poland, Wim Florijnfrom the Netherlands, Dr. Oscar Azuerofrom Colombia and Joel Raynaud fromFrance who will arrive tomorrow.

What is the reason that TAFISA so stronglyfocuses on today’s topic and as a result hasdecided to organize this international forumunder the title “The Integrative Force ofSport for All: building new Understand-ings”? Let me give you at least some majorarguments.

There obviously is wide general agreementwithin governmental and non governmentalorganizations worldwide that in the light ofmanifold social and cultural changes inte-gration is one of the most crucial tasks forthe coming years to meet the contemporaryand future challenges of a multiculturalworld. Traditionally, sport is recognized tobe an important vehicle of promoting socialintegration for a wide range of sociallyexcluded groups with migration back-ground. It can be proved by a growing num-ber of findings that sport can be consideredas a social field where integrative processesand projects can be more easily initiatedand applied to than in other areas of dailylife. And sport can be a platform where nec-essary skills and competencies to success-fully apply to integration can be educatedand learned.

A clear and common understanding whatsocial integration might mean and what themechanism are through which integrativeprocesses can be achieved only exists to


and establish partnerships. TAFISA is aboutto embark on its 20th World Congress inBuenos Aires in September 2007 after hav-ing enjoyed – together with 16 countries –the 9th ASFAA Congress in Manila. Themajor theme of the Buenos Aires Congressis the launch of the TAFISA Active Cities –Active Communities Project. I invite youall to Buenos Aires in September 2007.

To conclude, on behalf of the TAFISAboard, I welcome you to TAFISA’s FirstWorld Forum on the Integrative force ofSport for All. We hope that the examinationof good practices around the world seen inthis Forum will provide participants withnew understandings on how social integra-tion can be enhanced through sport.


small degree. Moreover, the internationalexchange of successful concepts and proj-ects of social integration using sport as amedium amongst sport organizations isrestricted.

It is therefore the major aim of the FirstWorld TAFISA Forum on “Integration andSport for All” is to provide an internationalplatform for sport experts from all over theworld to share experiences and best practiceprojects in the field of social integrationthrough sport. “From Practice to Practice”will be the major principle of the event.Special reference will be given to the inte-gration of socially excluded groups with amigration background e.g., ethnic minori-ties, refugees and asylum seekers, repatri-ates, foreign workers. A focus should alsobe on how to use Sport for All as bridgebetween different cultures and religions.

TAFISA aims for more than just a singleevent. We are strongly convinced that ourreal work only begins when the Forum isover. We see our special responsibility to pro-vide a platform for the future exchange andtransfer of our various activities on this field.This Forum, above all gives access to all ofyou to the multitude and variety of alreadyexisting Good Practice Projects worldwide. We need a regular exchange of experiencesand knowledge in Sport for All. Doublework has to be avoided since it is not eco-nomical, given the limited financial condi-tions most of us are working in. What hasbeen developed successfully in one countryshould be available for everybody and anew solidarity in Sport for All – is what weneed. This requires a global means of com-munication. For that reason TAFISA offersits relaunched website, Tafisa.net, where wehave created the so called “Market Place”which is designed to serve as an exchangeplatform. We also need opportunities like this meet-ing where we meet face to face. This Forumis a fine example to get to know each other

nes-kenthe

hal-theery

em-day:rijnero

rom

glyhas

rumof

nd-ajor

mentntalt ofnte-for

raryurald tocialallyck-

um-red

ssesatedailynec-ess-ated

whatthe

tive to



On ConGerandof tatio

At us tthe variecobetwtionand

OnemannonTAFcallall oIntethe us r

•

•

•

•

WaVicFra

It is my special privilege to convey to all ofyou the greetings of the IOC and especiallythe wishes and regards of our president,Jacques Rogge.

I would like to thank the organizers for theinvitation and I am convinced that thisTAFISA Forum will be a great success.

Today my view goes back to the year 1986when in this city the first World Congresson Sport for All was organized. One of themajor initiators of this event was Prof. Dr.Jürgen Palm, who has left us and whom weare missing today so dearly. For me he hasbeen a long time friend and truly a pioneerin the field of sport for all for the past fourdecades. His leadership, his creativity andwarmth are a great loss, but his ideas andvision will live on and will give a spark tomany new developments in sport for all inthe future, I have no doubt.

Some years before 1986 the IOC has placedthe topic Sport for All on its agenda withhigh priority. I have had the honor to chairthe respective IOC Commission since thebeginning of its work. Only some weeksago we had our last Sport for All Congressin Havana and I am glad that some oftoday’s guests also participated at this verysuccessful event.

Indeed, it is my and the IOC understandingthat Sport for All should be considered atrue human right for everybody. Thus, thepromotion of the idea should be a matter ofpriority importance. However, it is not theintention of the IOC to monopolize ourcommon target. On the contrary it is ourphilosophy to respect the network ofnational and international sport organiza-

tions which have cultivated this field longbefore our initiative has started. TAFISA is an excellent example for suc-cessful work in the area of Sport for All andI am also personally happy that our cooper-ation has been so fruitful and enjoyable forsuch a long time.TAFISA has chosen an extremely importantsubject for the Forum which so far has notbeen so much in the focus of our work. I amdelighted that TAFISA has adopted such atimely and important topic as integration onwhich to base its first Forum, a topic that isof high interest to all of us in sport. There isno doubt that Sport has a great deal to con-tribute towards integration and to buildingnew understandings between disparategroups. I may congratulate the organizerson the choice of this topic!

Let me take the opportunity to inviteTAFISA to present the results of the Forumto the 12th IOC Sport for All Congress,which will be held in 2008 in Kuala Lum-pur. And, I would like to offer IOC supportfor all follow up of the outcome of thisunique event!

I am looking forward to an exciting and in-teresting Forum with a lot of opportunitiesnot only to listen but also to exchange opin-ions and successful projects with others.

I wish the 1st TAFISA World Forum all thesuccess it deserves!

Thank you very much for your attention.

Prof. Walther TrögerIOC Member and Chairman of the IOC Sport for All CommissionFrankfurt/Main, Germany



On behalf of the German Olympic SportsConfederation I would like to welcomeGerman, European and world participants,and convey the best regards of the Presidentof the German Olympic Sports Confeder-ation, Dr. Thomas Bach.

At first impression, the subject that bringsus together has little to do with sport: Allthe societies in our countries have to facevarious challenges: the globalisation of theeconomy, for instance, increases the gapbetween poor and rich. The access to educa-tion and health systems is becoming moreand more a political problem.

One of the central challenges among themany that face society today is a phenome-non which we will focus upon at thisTAFISA forum: the relation between socalled “host societies” and migrants, withall of its positive and negative implications.Integration of minorities is an item high onthe political agenda in most countries. Letus remember some examples in this respect:

• the riots in the suburbs of Paris in au-tumn 2005, which were recently repea-ted in November 2006.

• the riots in the Netherlands in connec-tion with the murder of the film produc-er Theo van Gogh, who argued the topic“integration” in his movies.

• the fact that more than 150 million peo-ple world-wide are living as immigrantsin a country which is not their originalhome country.

• the diplomatic problems and mass pro-tests in connection with the remarks of the Pope during his visit in Germany inautumn 2006 or the controversy relatedto cartoons, which came up in Denmarkearlier this year.

I would add some recent examples to showthis is also an issue in Germany: There are80 million inhabitants in Germany out ofwhich 15 million have a migration back-ground. Due to demographic development,the proportion of persons with migrationbackground will continue to rise up into theyear 2050.

Today every third child born in Germanyhas at least one parent with a migrationbackground, and this is an increasing ten-dency. While this development may differfrom one region to the other, the integrationof immigrants is a topic of utmost socio-political importance in most German states.We therefore have to ask ourselves keyquestions: What holds our societies togeth-er? What is the glue of cohesion? How cansocial integration be successfully imple-mented?

Sport plays a central, but sometimes under-estimated role in social integration. Sporthas a vital local and regional socio-politicalresponsibility.

Sport is one of the best “tools” to bring dif-ferent cultures together. Sport clubs andsport organisations are open to all groupswithin our society and to all age groups. Ascompared to other cultural activities, sportis the most attractive and consistent plat-form for social integration. In brief: Sport isthe ideal medium for integration. The pres-ident of the DOSB, Dr. Thomas Bach,emphasized this fact in his speech on theday of the foundation of the German Olym-pic Sports Confederation in the FrankfurtPaulskirche in May 2006.

While sport is not able to be fully responsi-ble for integration, it does offers an impor-

Walter SchneelochVice-President of the German Olympic Sports Confederation Frankfurt/Main, Germany

ong

uc-andper-for

tantnotamh a

n onat ise ison-

dingratezers

viterumess,um-portthis

in-tiespin-

the

.



IntProFedWi

1. IThepartfamtrenasseticsstocthe paraThethe

2. IWhTheandknoknoGulnistfugor rstatindu

Immbigg(0.5to G(38andimmSouflow(18tion

ThefromCen

tant contribution to the enhancement ofintegration. Sport can foster mutual under-standing and integration by overcominglanguage barriers. Sport creates commondenominators. Sport opens possibilities ofself-realization and teaches social andmotor competencies.

Programs with a clear objective and ade-quate framework conditions can support thecontribution of sport to the goal of integra-tion. The DOSB programme “IntegrationThrough Sport” (ITS) is such a well-target-ed approach.

This Program can assist the integrationactivities of sports clubs on a local level. Itis designed to integrate immigrants ofGerman origin coming from EasternEurope, migrants and socially disadvan-taged persons. “Integration through sport”is funded by the German federal ministry ofthe interior and is implemented by theDOSB and its member organisations. Itgives support to sport clubs with specialactivities in the field of integration. In 2005,more than 470 of those clubs participated inthe programme. Furthermore more than12.800 additional activities of integrationsuch as sports days, holiday and field tripsand major events etc. were part of the pro-gramme. We thank the German Federalgovernment for the funding and its willing-ness to continue its financial support. Since the beginning of the sport for allmovement, the DOSB has developed activ-ities related to the transfer of know-how onan international level. These efforts werestrongly linked to the person of Prof. Dr.Jürgen Palm, who is deceased this year, towhom the international and the Germansport for all movement as well as TAFISAown very much. Prof Doll-Tepper will com-ment on this aspect shortly.

The DOSB will continue these activities.We are happy to recognize that the re-organisation of TAFISA has almost been-

completed and we congratulate the newelected board of directors. We are more thanhappy to see that this TAFISA forum couldbe launched and we are looking forward tolearn from various international experi-ences in the field of integration.

Ladies and gentlemen, sport is a veryappropriate tool to work against the increas-ing discrepancies between different culturesand religions. We should extend our com-mon efforts to use sports as a tool to buildnew bridges for mutual understanding andtolerance. Maybe this is THE central chal-lenge for the international sport for allmovement in the future. I do wish this con-ference good discussions and presentations.Thank you for listening.



International Migration and the Challenge of IntegrationProf. Dr. Charlotte HöhnFederal Institute for Population ResearchWiesbaden, Germany

1. IntroductionThe integration force of sport for all is ofparticular importance for migrants and theirfamilies. It is therefore appropriate to studytrends in international migration and toassess where migrants mainly live. Statis-tics both on migration flows and on migrantstocks are not available in all countries ofthe world and, if so they are not easily com-parable due to differences in definitions.The UN provides estimates which will bethe statistical basis of this contribution.

2. International migrationWhere do they come from and go to?The EU, the USA and Canada, Australiaand New Zealand are, of course, well-known immigration countries. Less wellknown as countries of destination are theGulf states, Somalia, Tchad and Afgha-nistan. While the latter three receive re-fugees (to Somalia and Tchad from Sudan)or return migrants (to Afghanistan) the Gulfstates recruit guest workers from Asia forindustry and domestic services.

Immigration to the EU by region of origin isbiggest from Central and Eastern Europe(0.5 million in 2001), many of them goingto Germany and Austria. Asian immigrants(380.000 in 2001) are attracted by the UKand the Netherlands while Latin Americanimmigrants (360.000 in 2001) mainly go toSouthern Europe. The smallest immigrationflow to the EU emanates from Africa(180.000 in 2001) with a preferred destina-tion in France, Belgium and the UK.

The largest inflow into the USA comesfrom Mexico (460.000 in 2001) and otherCentral and South American countries

going first to the neighbouring statesCalifornia, New Mexico and Florida. Thenext important immigration group (340.000in 2001) are Asians while the traditionallylargest region of origin Europe holds onlythird place in 2001 (180.000). Relatively fewnew immigrants to the USA are Africans.

Canada received mainly Asian immigrants(130.000) in 2001, followed by some46.000 from Africa and the Middle East,20.000 from Central and Eastern Europeand 40.000 from other European countries.

The main reasons for migrationThere are quite different reasons to leavebehind home, friends and country. It isnever an easy decision to emigrate. Themost dramatic reason is to flee war or civilunrest or lack of good governance andbecome a temporary or permanent refugee.In case of local civil war people are escap-ing to safer regions in their country; theyare called internally displaced persons.UNHCR estimates 18 million refugees and30 million internally displaced persons in2005. Refugees stay mostly in the neigh-bouring regions of war stiven countrieshoping to return home as internally dis-placed persons (who are not internationalbut internal migrants as long as they do notleave their country). Most refugees andinternally displaced persons are to be foundin and around Sudan, Palestine, Irak andAfghanistan.

Refugees wishing to find asylum elsewherego mainly to the EU as well as to the USAand Canada. In addition to establisheddemocracy and rule of law the also hope tofind work there.

newhanuld

d toeri-

eryeas-uresom-uildandhal-

allon-

ons.



Sour

Sour

Economic reasons to find work, income anda better standard of living abroad emanatefrom unemployment or underused humancapital. Education and in particular highereducation does not pay in the home country.In order to escape underemployment oreven unemployment particularly the skilledand highly educated people emigrate. Sinceemigration involves at least travel costs notthe poor but the middle-class people emi-grate. Sometimes costs for traffickers orsmugglers have to be borne in addition tothe insecure and exploited status of becom-ing an undocumented migrant.

Another economic reason is the hope tosend remittances to the family left behind inthe country of origin. Remittances can beinvested in education of children and informing family business. They are an ad-vantage for the country of origin as long asthe migrant worker is abroad as well aswhen he/she returns with added experience.Documented migrant workers are assets forthe country of destination as they pay taxesand contributions.

Globalisation recently produced so-calledcircular migration. International corpora-tions (and organisations) send managers,engineers and specialist for a longer orshorter period to other seats of their firm ororganisation. Circular migration is tempo-rary in nature and institutes a win-win-winsituation for the country of origin, the coun-try of destination and the circular migrant.

Education abroad is another reason for tem-porary migration. It sometimes transformsinto economic migration when the exam-ined or trained migrant seeks work in thecountry of study. Family reasons for migra-tion apply to family members accompany-ing the main migrant worker or refugee aswell as to those following later (familyreunion). Marriage is another reason tochange the country of residence.

Ecological reasons also exist but systemati-cally also belong to economic motivationsto find work and better living abroad.

A feature quite relevant for the issue of inte-gration is chain migration. There is a ten-dency to go to places where other migrantsof the same national or ethnic origin alreadyhave found work and home. As a conse-quence one will find scattered migrant com-munities in countries with a longer immi-gration history.

3. Migrant stocksWe are now turning from migration flows tomigrant stocks, the number and proportionof migrants living in certain countries.Around 2000, 180 million migrants werecounted in the world, of which nearly 10%were refugees. Most migrants live in devel-oped countries in Europe, NorthernAmerica and Oceania. But over 50 millionmigrants live in developing countries, inparticular in Asia in the Gulf states. In Asiathe share of refugees is over 20% whileonly 2.5% in developed countries (4% inthe EU).

In 2005, the list of top 20 countries with thelargest international migrant stock startswith the USA (38.35 million), followed bythe Russian Federation (12.08 million) andGermany (10.14 million).

A completely different picture emergeswhen looking at the top 20 countries withthe highest percentage of migrants. Number1 with 71.4% are the United Arab Emirates,followed by Kuwait (62.1%), Singapore(42.6%), Israel (39.6%) and Jordan (39%),all countries with a relatively small popula-tion and a strong economy. The first “devel-oped” countries in this list are Switzerland(8.; 22.9%), Australia (9.; 20.3%), Latvia(10.; 19.5%) and Canada (11.; 18.9%). TheUSA, the Russian Federation and Germanywith the largest numbers are not on this per-centage hit list.



Number of migrants

United States of AmericaRussian Federation

GermanyUkraineFrance

Saudi ArabiaCanada

IndiaUnited Kingdom

SpainAustraliaPakistan

United Arab EmiratesIsrael

KazakhstanCôte d‘Ivoire

JordanJapan

IranSingapore

10 20 30 40 500

38,35

12,08

10,14

6,83

6,47

6,36

6,11

5,70

5,41

4,79

4,10

3,25

3,21

2,66

2,50

2,37

2,23

2,05

1,96

1,84

Percentage of total population

United Arab EmiratesKuwait

SingaporeIsrael

JordanSaudi Arabia

OmanSwitzerland

AustraliaLatvia

CanadaLebanon

GabonKazakhstan

New ZealandGambiaEstoniaAustria

UkraineCroatia

20 40 60 80 1000

71,4

62,1

42,6

39,6

39,0

25,9

24,4

22,9

20,3

19,5

18,9

18,4

17,7

16,9

15,9

15,3

15,2

15,1

14,7

14,5

Top 20 countries with largest international migrant stock

Top 20 countries with the highest percentage of international migrant

Source: UN, International Migration

Source: UN, International Migration

ati-ons

nte-ten-antsadynse-om-mi-

s totionies.

were0%vel-ernionin

Asiahile

% in

theartsby

and

geswith

mbertes,ore%),ula-vel-andtviaTheanyper-



Thetwoof hterccantiallbut Eurtiontheidialmisina,by 200

Thewhispominprojsionfun

Spo(a SMe

Theviewand(AmstatwhiUKselebecnatiditi

SptegProCenLou

4. Challenges of integrationLanguage – a mustIt is an advantage for any (potential) inter-national migrant to speak English. Not onlythe USA, Canada, the UK and Ireland areplaces where one need not learn anotherforeign language. In particular qualifiedjobs in almost all countries can be managedspeaking English.

Otherwise, it is a necessity to learn the lan-guage of the host country to find a job andpossibly make a career, to understand ad-ministration and instructions in order to makebest use of local services and of consumergoods. Language is also key to communi-cate with autochtones and make friends.

Work – pathway to integrationFinding a job is a central reason to immi-grate. It yields income and via contributionssocial security, such as health care, unem-ployment grants, pension rights. Accordingto education and further training a firstworkplace opens the possibility for a career.Interaction with colleagues at the workplace is a sign of integration. Having a jobmeans to be structurally integrated.

Cities and rural areas: inclusion or segre-gationIn Europe and Canada migrants mainly liveand work in cities. There one finds differenttypes of migrant communities. Not all ofthem became social hotspots.In the USA one finds classical immigrants’cities such as New York, San Francisco, LosAngeles, Miami etc. In such US cities one

regularly finds Chinatowns, little Italys, lit-tle Havannas whose inhabitants live segre-gated but are by work, language and educa-tion fully integrated. Other examples of in-clusion are EU-citizens in other EU coun-tries, Europeans in the USA, Canada andAustralia.

In Europe examples of segregation include certain suburbs of Paris, Pakistan/ Bang-ladeshi quarters in the UK or Turkish com-munities in Germany.

In the USA one also finds immigrants inrural areas. Many of them are undocument-ed rural workers in California and otherclose to Mexican border states. Their irreg-ular status makes them vulnerable toexploitation.

Policies of integrationPolitical integration starts with immigra-tion, residence and work permits, continueswith joining be-national associations or par-ties, with voting right on the local level andfinally with naturalisation. The USA regu-larly grant regularisation to undocumentedmigrants; some European countries likeSpain also consider regularisation.

Any policies stimulating integration thro-ugh sports are particularly important. Thisplayful integration may start at school andcontinue in sport clubs and associations atthe local level.

Prof Dr Charlotte Höhn, a Wiesbaden native, is currentlyDirector of the Federal Institute for Population Research andProfessor at the University of Giessen. She has served on the UNCommission on Population and Development, the Council of Europe’s EuropeanPopulation Committee and the European Association of Population Studies. She is aMember of Editorial Board of the two journals and has over 100 articles to hercredit and is the editor or author of many books.



The aim of this presentation is to addresstwo core questions. The first is the questionof how concepts of multiculturalism or in-terculturalism, nationality and citizenshipcan be linked to sports policy. This is essen-tially a conceptual ground-clearing exercisebut draws on some empirical data from aEuropean Union funded study of the posi-tion in all 25 Member States, in respect oftheir use of sport to promote multiculturaldialogue, which was submitted to he Com-mission in September 2004 (Amara, Aquil-ina, Henry, & Taylor, 2004) and consideredby the Council of Ministers in September2005.

The second question relates to ways inwhich we can conceptualise the benefits ofsport as a tool for integration of culturalminorities. Here we will draw on a secondproject on sport as a vehicle of social inclu-sion or refugees and asylum seekers alsofunded by the European Union

Sport and Multicultural Dialogue (a Study of Policy in 25 European UnionMember States)

There is a significant degree of diversity ofviews on policy in the European context,and although our research in this study(Amara et al., 2004) covered all memberstates, there were four core research teamswhich we recruited in France, Germany, theUK and Poland, and these four cases wereselected for more detailed analysis in partbecause of the different philosophies ofnationality and citizenship which have tra-ditionally been ascribed to them.

In the literature on multiculturalism andpolicy perhaps the commonest distinctionmade is between policies of integration onthe one hand, and assimilation on the other;integration: being the process whereby aminority group adapts itself to a majoritysociety and is accorded equality of rightsand treatment, while the term assimilationis used in relation to the ‘absorption’ of eth-nic minority and immigrant population cul-tures into the cultures and practices of thehost society. Assimilation thus implies bothacculturation in the adoption of mainstreamcultural norms and deculturation, the gradu-al loss of indigenous cultural distinctive-ness.

Different concepts of integration / assimila-tion are bound up with the way that differ-ent states understand national identity, andthese concepts are a product of the process-es of nation-building, democratisation, andthe experience of international relations,particularly colonial and post-colonial rela-tions.

Three of the four comparative partners inthis study have historically distinctive coreconcepts of national identity and citizenshipand these are outlined below. The origins ofmodern French thought in relation to na-tional identity derive from the FrenchRevolution with the replacement of allegi-ance to a monarchy by the voluntary adop-tion of republican values of freedom andequality. Nationalism was an expression ofthe willingness of groups with differing cul-tural, linguistic, religious or ethnic back-grounds to accept a common political proj-ect guaranteeing universal rights for all.

Sport and Social Capital: Using Sport to Build In-tegrationProf. Dr. Ian Henry Centre for Olympic Studies and Research, Institute of Sport and Leisure PolicyLoughborough University, UK

lit-gre-uca-

in-un-and

ude ng-

om-

s inent-therreg-

to

gra-ues

par-andgu-

ntedlike

hro-Thisands at

nar



Givposrelaturationslid

GePhi

PluDivMu

Polspo

CoUnCu

Thiappcloscultconnatiprowhimaimes

Acceptance of the political project howeveralso required acceptance of norms of citi-zenship, organised around a secular andunified notion of French identity. Thus justas languages spoken regionally, such asBreton, were suppressed in the 19th andearly 20th century, the cultural symbols ofethnic or religious difference are banishedfrom public life by the French state in thecontemporary context (as in the recent caseof discussions about the wearing of the veilin schools, or in other public institutionssuch as sports centres).

While the French notion of a national cul-ture depends upon shared political will, theGerman tradition of nationalism stemmingfrom Herder and Fichte emphasises nation-hood as shared culture, language and eth-nos. While for the French shared culturewas a product of political nationalism, in theGerman tradition political nationalism wasseen as the natural consequence of a sharednational culture. Until relatively recentlythe naturalisation of non-Germans (such asthe Turkish minority) was the exception,though social rights (such as access to wel-fare services) were widely available to im-migrant groups. Thus social citizenship ra-ther than political rights of being a Germannational were what was available to suchgroups.

The implications of both of these views ofnational identity is that ‘foreign’ culturesshould not be ‘accommodated’ within thenational culture but rather should be assim-ilated.

In contrast to these two models, the conceptof multiculturalism is most clearly associa-ted with the liberal pluralist state which pro-motes the individual freedoms of its mem-bers, fostering the potential for culturaldiversity. The existence of national minori-ties within the borders of the UK state maywell have fostered cultural pluralism, butthe colonial experience and the associated

notion of British subjecthood also fuelledsuch pluralism with Commonwealth immi-grants (at least until the late 1960s) havingthe right to British citizenship. Politicalrights in such a context were the product notof hereditary membership of a particulargroup (jus sanguinis), or of the voluntarypolitical adherence to the nation, but ratherby reference to territorial residence (jussoli).

While the political circumstances of con-temporary Britain, France and Germanymay well have shifted from these tradition-al positions, with the liberalisation of natu-ralisation rights particularly for second andthird generation “foreign” inhabitants inGermany, and the tightening of access tocitizenship in Britain, nevertheless onemight expect to see a greater propensity toadopt multicultural, or integrationist policystances in Britain.Although it is argued that one might discernmultiple traditions of thinking and nationalidentity within most states, the Polish con-text is somewhat different. Social organisa-tion and thus questions of nationality andcitizenship were constructed under very dif-ferent circumstances and under the commu-nist system, the importance of immigration,ethnicity and of national minorities wasminimised. Poland like other Accedingstates is still in process of working throughits approach to citizenship. However indrawing up its new internal administrativeboundaries the significance of nationalminorities has been recognised.

This schematic representation of the differ-ent approaches to national identity and citi-zenship is significant for the discussion ofmulticulturalism and sport, since we seek tomap the development of sports policy forminorities onto the competing notions ofintegration and assimilation and the tradi-tions of national identity and citizenshipdiscussed earlier.



Given this brief characterisation of thesepositions, our next task was to clarify therelationship of the philosophies of multicul-turalism and interculturalism or of assimila-tion to actual sports policies. The followingslide illustrates the approach we adopted.

The first of the pluralist approaches is thatof interculturalism, a situation which de-scribes the equal valuation placed on cul-tures which are brought together to producea new cultural mix. Such a cultural ap-proach is consistent with the politics of

GeneralPhilosophy

PolicyApproach

PoliticalOrientation

Sports PolicyExamples

Interculturalism

Separate butequaldevelopment

Marketpluralism

„Assimilationist“ /policies targetgeneraldisadvantage

Non-interventionist

Communitarianism

Protection ofpoliticalminorities e.g.separate partiesfor minorities

Liberalindividualism

Assimilation ofminorities intomainstreamparties

Homogeneouspopulation /conservativeorientation

e.g. funding culturalsporting exchanges

e.g. direct fundingof ethnicminority sportsassociations

e.g. reliance oncommercial and voluntarysectors to meetsocial needs

e.g. sport as a vehiclefor tackling problemsof gerneral social exclusionor urban renewal

No perceived needfor action

Pluralism /Diversity /Multiculturalism

Policy domains ofsport & culture

Cohesion /Unitary NationalCulture

Figure 1: Ideal Typical Representation of Sport / CulturalPolicy Orientations

communitarianism (Etzioni, 1993; Tam,1998). Such a political position values,amongst other things, diversity as a culturaland political resource. A typical sports policy associated with suchthinking would be the promotion of cultur-al interchange between sporting groups.

The second of the pluralist approachesrefers to what French commentators refer to

This slide seeks to spell out five policyapproaches, three of which might be mostclosely associated with pluralism and multi-culturalism and two with assimiliationistconcerns with social cohesion and a unitarynational culture. In each of these policy ap-proaches I want to tease out the valueswhich underpin them, their relationship tomainstream political values and program-mes, and their implications for sports policy.

lledmi-ingicalnot

ulartaryther(jus

on-anyon-atu-and

ins tooney tolicy

ernonalon-isa-anddif-mu-ion,wasingugh

intivenal

fer-citi-n ofk toforof

adi-hip



to ilbas

Thesionhomsestionficucepple,proorigfromconHownot citiz

Thecateassitionsincpostion

“shOnethoumoscondomwith

TaklatioEurtradthe befoin tnatiNorcipavisial thfrom

in a pejorative manner as ‘communautarisme’, meaning separate but equal develop-ment. Such a philosophy is evident in politi-cal terms in the protection of political min-orities, for example in providing reservedParliamentary seats as quotas. In sportspolicy terms this approach would be mani-fest in a policy of funding ethnic minoritysports associations.

The final multicultural policy approachmight be termed market pluralism, associat-ed with the classical liberal individualism ofthe Anglo-Saxon model of the State. Sportspolicy in such a context would involve thefostering of commercial and voluntary sec-tors as being the optimal deliverers of diver-sity in sporting opportunity.

The first of the two ‘unitary’ policy appro-aches is thus described as assimilationist inthat policies are targeted at general condi-tions (such as social exclusion) and not atserving the needs of particular specificminorities. The political orientation associ-

ated with this philosophy sees the absorp-tion of minorities into mainstream partiesand of minority interests into mainstreampolicy programmes. Sports policy appro-aches consistent with this approach addressgeneralist problems such as the use of sportin combating social exclusion, rather thanfocusing on specific target groups.

The final policy approach, non-interven-tion, stems from the perception by politi-cians of a homogenous population. Politicsin such contexts may tend to be conserva-tive as is also the case with sports policies,since with an homogeneous populationthere will be little perceived need for target-ed policy developments.

If these are the five ideal types which illus-trate the range of policy responses in rela-tion to multicultural and unitary culturalthinking, it brings us on to the second ques-tion, where do particular nation states findthemselves within this framework in res-pect of sports policy? This next slide seeks

Figure 2: Ideal Typical Location of National Sports Policies for Minorities

Level of Homogeneity of population

Interculturalism /Multiculturalintegrationpoliciesconcerned withdiversity

„Assimilationist“ /policies targetgeneraldisadvantage

Non-interventionist

Malta Cyprus Slovenia

Czech Republic

Greece Poland / Hungary

Ireland Italy Portugal

Slovakia

Denmark

Spain Netherlands Germany

Austria Luxembourg

France

Belgium Finland UK

Estonia Latvia Lithuania

Sweden

Homogeneity Heterogeneity



to illustrate the answer to this question on thebasis of responses to stage 1 of the research.

The slide is organised around two dimen-sions. On the horizontal axis is the level ofhomogeneity of the population. This is as-sessed qualitatively rather than opera-tionalised quantitatively because of the dif-ficulties of finding common bases for con-ceptualisation and measurement. For exam-ple, Britain and France have considerableproportions of their populations from ethnicorigins derived from their colonial pastfrom North Africa and from the Indian sub-continent and the Caribbean respectively.However, in the French case census data donot record ethnic origin – but describe allcitizens as simply French by definition.

The vertical axis assigns countries to thecategories of multicultural, intercultural orassimilationist policy. Here again some cau-tion in interpretation has to be exercisedsince as Christina Boswell (2003) arguespositions on multiculturalism and assimila-tion

“should not be seen as unified or fixed.One can discern multiple traditions ofthought on citizenship and identity withinmost states, and it is not always a foregoneconclusion which concept will come todominate policy when states are confrontedwith new immigration challenges.” (p.76)

Taking the UK as our first case – its popu-lation can be described as heterogeneous byEuropean standards. Not only has it a strongtradition of receiving labour migrants fromthe Commonwealth in the 20th century, andbefore this from Ireland and Eastern Europein the 19th century, but also it has its ownnational minorities in Scotland, Wales andNorthern Ireland. In policy terms the parti-cipation of ethnic minorities has been a veryvisible issue, with policies under the gener-al theme of Race Equality being developedfrom the 1960s onwards. (There is also a

history of periodic social disorder and ‘raceriots’ which go alongside this from Not-tingham and London in 1958 through to thebeginning of the new century).

A plethora of governmental and non-gov-ernmental agencies provide general servic-es targeted at ethnic minorities, together withsporting initiatives such as Sporting Equals,UK Sports Equality and Diversity Strategyand so on.

In recent years, however, the British LabourGovernment has sought to be seen takingstrong action on immigration and asylumseekers to the criticism of its own suppor-ers. In similar vein Trevor Phillips, Chair-man for the Commission on Racial Equalityon 3 April argued that Britain’s policy ofmulticulturalism had gone too far, and thatthere was a need to ensure that a core ofBritish values remained intact (Curick,2004). Thus there evidence in some areas ofgovernment and the quasi-government sec-tor, of a shift from dominantly multicultur-al or intercultural positions to the monocul-tural/ assimilationist position with an em-phasis on protecting cohesion rather thandiversity.

The second case is that of France. Hetero-geneous by virtue of immigration, but alsowith national minorities (Corsican, Basque,Catalan, Breton, Romany), the dominantphilosophy is, as we have argued, is assim-ilationist, so policy measures in all domainswill be seen as ‘general’ in their targetrather than specifically focusing on givenminorities. However, the spatial or socialconcentration of ethnic minorities in partic-ular contexts (parts of the city, or amonggroups such as “les jeunes en difficulté)means that services may be de facto deliv-ered largely to ethnic minority elements byvirtue of their spatial or social concentra-tion. Lionel Arnaud (1999) illustrates thispoint excellently in his book ‘PolitiquesSportives et Minoritiés Ethniques’ (1999).

orp-ties

eampro-ressporthan

en-liti-ticsrva-ies,ion

get-

lus-ela-uralues-findres-eks



In Ediffall GovshipSovdanseqin bextediffal rwasJulythe andwhiimpstanboththatdevin La Rrefeto aassi

In cwhato mimpspoevasucal cpolimayfereconbeinstatpoli

Thidiscbengrat

In general if not in sporting terms howeverwe can see some movement in the directionof multiculturalism in French society. Ex-amples include the establishment of the firstelected Islamic congress, representative ofdifferent Muslim communities in France(Islam of France), and the opening of thefirst Islamic high school Ibn Ruchd in theregion of Lille. Furthermore, at the politicallevel, the nomination of Tokia Saifi, Frenchof Algerian origin, in the role of secrétaired’Etat au Développement durable, Ham-laoui Mekachera as secrétaire d’Etat auAnciens Combattants, and Aïssa Der-mouche the ex-director de l’Ecole Supéri-eure de Commerce de Nantes, as a préfet ofthe region of Jura.

The third case is that of the Netherlands.With a relatively heterogeneous populationby virtue of its colonial past, until the late1990s it pursued a relatively multiculturaliststrategy in line with its traditional pluralist,pillarised, political system. However by thelate 1990s sympathy for such an ap-proachwas on the wane. The right made politicalgains (for example under Pim Fortijn) andlocal authorities began to reduce activitiesand resources spent on multicultural sportsinitiatives. What had been the twin objec-tives of the integration of ethnic minoritiesinto mainstream Dutch sports provision, onthe one hand, and the promotion of ethnicsporting groups on the other, gave way to asimple emphasis in the former approach.

Both Poland and Hungary in their post-communist guises have given greater atten-tion to issues of multiculturalism, thoughboth are relatively homogeneous (in bothcases ethnic populations make up around3% of the total population). Both govern-ments have shown some willingness to pro-mote multicultural initiatives in educationand culture. The Hungarian governmentsupport for example for initiatives with theRoma population in sport and in educationreflect this. In Poland the examples cited for

state support of different cultures are throughreligious sporting organisations though reli-gious identity may be taken as an opera-tional indicator of ethnicity.

The three small states of Malta, Cyprus andSlovenia declare themselves as relativelyhomogeneous though membership of theEU may add to immigration pressures. Thedescription of policy given by our Slovenecolleague expresses the approach adoptedhere succinctly

“since culturally diverse populations arenot treated differently in Slovenia…thereare no sport related programmes that wouldattempt to establish a dialogue between dif-ferent cultural communities.” (Tusak and Kajtna, 2004)

Cyprus is something of a special case. Theresponse to our questions related to the sit-uation in the Greek community, but the pos-sible reuniting of the Greek and Turkishpopulations seems likely to provide theneed for a new response, since effectively alarge national minority will be evident andthe relations between the two communitiesin cultural terms (as well as political andeconomic terms) will become critical.

Each of the Baltic States has its own politi-cal and cultural trajectories, though in termsof the important issues relating to inter-eth-nic relations, the situations in Latvia andEstonia have been quite different from that inLithuania. While Estonia’s population con-sists of 61.5% Estonians and 30.3%Russians, and Latvia’s consists of 52% Lat-vians and 34% Russians, Lithuania’s popu-lation is 79.6% Lithuanian and 9.4%Russian together with 7.0% Poles. In addi-tion, upon restoration of independence, theLithuanian Government offered free choiceof citizenship to all permanent residents ex-cept Soviet military personnel and theirfamilies and the vast majority opted forLithuanian citizenship.



In Estonia and Latvia the situation is verydifferent. Instead of offering citizenship toall residents the Estonian and LatvianGovernments restricted automatic citizen-ship to those who had held it before theSoviet occupation and their direct descen-dants. Although citizenship laws have sub-sequently been liberalised to some degreein both countries, largely as a product ofexternal pressures, this has not been withoutdifficulties (in Latvia for example a nation-al referendum on the liberalising legislationwas forced by opposition), and as late asJuly 2004 a Russian sponsored resolution tothe meeting of the Organisation for Securityand Cooperation in Europe was debated,which criticised both countries for failing toimplement legislation. In these circum-stances, it is perhaps unsurprising that inboth of these states, there is little evidencethat the use of sport for integration has beendeveloped. In both cases, and in particularin Latvia, the fear of eventual domination ofa Russian speaking population (emotivelyreferred to as ‘statistical genocide’) has ledto an emphasis on linguistic and culturalassimilation.

In conclusion in relation to this first project,what we have attempted to do here is firstlyto map out the philosophies and the policyimplications of those philosophies aroundsport and multiculturalism; and secondly toevaluate where individual states sit withinsuch a policy map. Without such conceptu-al clarity it becomes impossible to evaluatepolicy approaches since the same outcomemay be evaluated differentially given dif-ferent policy philosophies and goals. Thisconceptual clarity is important in terms ofbeing able to understand what it is thatstates are trying to achieve through sportspolicy.

This leads us on to the second project to bediscussed which addresses the issue of thebenefits of projects designed to foster inte-gration / assimilation.

We will discuss, in the context of this proj-ect, three case study initiatives aimed at dif-ferent refugee communities in the UK. Theinvestigation of these case studies was partof a wider study in relation to the socialinclusion through sport of refugees and asy-lum seekers (Amara et al., 2005). A coregoal of the study was to address the question:

How can we conceptualise the bene-fits of sports programmes for culturalminorities?

One of the decisions which we took at theoutset of this study was to focus on a ‘bot-tom up’ approach, inspired by ethnography(if not strictly ethnographic), in which wesought to lay emphasis not on the policyevaluation of the organisations providingservices to such groups, but on the membersof the organisations themselves and thegrass roots workers with those organisa-tions in terms of their perceptions of thebenefits gained from these initiatives. Ineffect we were interested in the refugees’own stories and those who worked directlywith them about the benefits of sport. Wegive here just the briefest of cameos forthree of the organisations which wereviewed.

Case Study 1: The Algerian Society in Not-tingham

This organisation had been operating forjust under two years when we undertookthis research in 2004/5. The target groupthat is served was initially Algerianrefugees, but it had from the outset alsoserved a broader constituency of Africanrefugees. Its principal activities were week-ly indoor and outdoor football sessions forAlgerian immigrants, refugees and asylum

ugheli-era-

andvelythe

Theene

pted

arehereulddif-

Thesit-

pos-kishthe

ly aandtiesand

liti-rmseth-andat inon-3%

Lat-pu-4%

ddi-the

oiceex-

heirfor

The Use of Sport to Promote the SocialInclusion of Refugees and AsylumSeekers (European Union funded, UKBasedStudy)



minshipin Ding sideballandty. teamas agirl

Themunmedandinteopeandstorto pin treconatipoinballrefubeetenddiffnewBrit

Nevenchosviolto wHow(no

RegBosa di2-3accintenow

seekers; and it organised in addition sport-ing activities (mainly football and Martialarts) for dependent children

One of the issues which concerned us whenwe first set out to investigate this phenome-non was that sport might be regarded as triv-ial for people who were faced with dailychallenges of personal security, housing,economic stability and other related chal-lenges. However, interviews with workersand those attending sessions reinforced theimportance of the positive (mental and psy-chological elements) of sport and the rolethat it can play in breaking the state of isola-tion and depression that an asylum seeker ora refugee is going through during his/ or herstages of settlement. One respondent, an asy-lum seeker living in very difficult circum-stances expressed it in the following terms:

‘There is a need for sport…sport can helpto break the isolation of refugees and asy-lum seekers even some of their family mem-bers…if there is within the community ateam playing every Sunday …let me [pass]my time instead of sitting alone …meetingother people , playing around …try to breakup the isolation, and the misery that you go-ing through for that particular time…sportis very important, particularly for peoplewho are going through stress…’ (Congoleseasylum seeker)

The organisation had more than 200 mem-bers, drawing refugees and asylum seekersfrom other communities. This in effect itwas not only bonding Algerians together,but bridging between different ethnicgroups facing common difficulties.

However there was some evidence of fail-ures or limitations e.g. violence betweenplayers during football sessions. Politicaltensions from the homeland sometimes sur-faced on the sports field so that the conse-quences of exposure to sport were notalways positive.

‘When you play Algerians againstAlgerians there is always tension …webring the anger of the country withus…what was happening in the country isstill in the minds of people …playing foot-ball is a way to express your anger …we arethe only team … that always end up withfights or somebody bleeding …’ (Algerianleader of Association)

In addition the population served both(adults and young people) was predomi-nantly male: ‘We organise every Friday prayer pro-grammes for kids…we do martial arts…one of the activities that we saw the kidsare really enthusiastic about it…one hourfootball one hour martial arts…there areonly boys because there is another mentali-ty about the girls …although they are young…they practice sport in school but parentsdo not allow them to attend the activitiesorganised by the association …people whenthey come here they try to keep their cul-ture…even when the activities are centredaround education (home work sessions) …itis a mentality.’ (Algerian leader ofAssociation)

At the level of integration into the widercommunity, asylum seekers in particular –because of their tenuous opposition – wereless able to make contact with wider socialgroups in the host community, and theorganisation had had difficulties in access-ing the services of the local authority, a sit-uation which is not helped by the inevitableturnover of population in insecure or unsta-ble situations.

Case Study 2: Derby Bosnia-HerzegovinaCommunity Association

The second case study relates to an organi-sation which had been in operation for adecade, serving the Bosnian population dis-placed during the first Balkan conflicts ofthe early 1990s. The group was a self-ad-



ministered association drawing its member-ship from the Bosnian refugee communityin Derby. The Association’s principal sport-ing and recreational activities involved 5-aside football sessions, football and basket-ball tournaments with other refugee groupsand members of the local ethnic communi-ty. The Bosnians had their own basketballteam playing in the regional league as wellas a folkloric dance club (popular amonggirls).

The aim of the Bosnian-Herzegovina Com-munity Association was to work as an inter-mediary between the Bosnian communityand the local authorities, to facilitate theirintegration into the British society and theiropenness towards the local host community,and indeed there were some very positivestories of success. For example, in relationto participation in conflict resolution: sportin the English context had facilitated thereconciliation between the ex-Yugoslaviannationalist groups. The leader of the BHCCpointed out that was easier to organise foot-ball game between Bosnian and Serbianrefugees in England than it would havebeen in the home country. The two groupstend to forget their nationalist and religiousdifferences and concentrate more on theirnew, shared identity, that of refugees inBritain.

Nevertheless some difficulties were experi-enced particularly in integrating with thehost community, and there had been someviolence on the pitch or court which had ledto withdrawal of a team from a local league.However some palyers had joined local(non-Bosnian) clubs.

Regarding the question of integration ofBosnians into local sports clubs, it has beena difficult task. …they (Bosnians) need to be2-3 times better than English players to beaccepted in the team… The only example ofintegration is a basketball team which isnow playing in the local league. The popu-

larity of basketball in the home countrygives the Bosnians an advantage over thelocal players. They are more acceptedbecause of their performance. However, toavoid conflict and not to be identified asBosnian refugees, the team has chosen tohave an English name – ‘Shadow.’ (BHCAProject Advise Worker)

Nevertheless, the younger generation ofBosnians despite being fluent in English andholding citizenship of this country stillreported feeling like ‘foreigners.’ Thissense of isolation or ‘foreignness’ was mostmarked among Roma Bosnians, who feltsubject to double prejudice, by virtue oftheir refugee status, and of their distinctiveRoma culture. This group tended to be lessactive due to their particular lifestyle. Mostof the younger members married at the ageof 16-17, which may be seen as an obstaclefor integration.

Case Study 3: Madeley Community Project(Kurdish Refugees)

The third case study involved a group ofKurdish Refugees in a project which was ini-tiated by local community workers and thelocal police. The principal activities in-volved organising football games, and socio-cultural activities to bring together membersof the local British Asian community, and theKurdish asylum seekers. More specificallythe project established a Kur-dish footballteam called ‘Azzardi’; organised footballtournaments between Asian and Kurdishyouth; integrated Kurdish and other refugeefootball players into Asian football teams;encouraged both Asian and Kurdish youth toget involved in organising sporting andsocial activities; facilitated the access ofKurdish asylum seekers to local leisure facil-ities; and offered opportunities for training.The project also sought to integrate Kurdishasylum seekers into British (multiculturaland multiracial) culture, in-cluding sportingculture (e.g. cricket and rugby).

inst…wewithy isoot-are

withrian

othmi-

pro-artskidsourareali-ungentstieshencul-tred…it

of

derar –

werecialthe

ess-sit-

ablesta-

ina

ani-or adis-s ofad-



weandare …bin fthinmemKursaid…itthem

Diffdonthe teamverypeoKurthemcorourknotheithemcallsomsterent woronecan

…thing otheing PakleagA sKurmorty, lbe soncanbecrigh

The project was in part set up with the activesupport of the police, with a view to estab-lishing a channel of communication betweenthe local police authorities and minoritygroups. Most of the sporting initiatives in thearea were sponsored by the local policeauthority and the local youth centre, and thismeant that the project established reasonablelinks with other local service providers.

The project was located in the Normantonarea in Derby, an area known for its highcrime rate1 as well as its significant concen-tration of British Asian population and‘newcomers’, asylum seekers and refugees(mainly Kurdish Iraqi). The area has expe-rienced a new type of violence in recentyears, characterised by inter-ethnic minori-ty clashes2 between British Asian youth andasylum seekers from Northern Iraq. It isworth emphasising that the integration ofrefugees and asylum seekers into the hostsociety is usually discussed in relation tominority versus majority, as if it is taken forgranted that established minority groups,because of their history of migration and thedifficulties they themselves went through tointegrate into the host society, will be moreopen to the hosting of refugees and asylumseekers than the majority. Here we had anexample of tensions arising between twominority groups. On the one hand there wasas a ‘well established’ minority group, itsmembers having a historical and cultural tiewith the host society; on the other hand, aminority of asylum seekers, ‘newly estab-lished’ with different cultures and experi-ences of migration. The other major difference lies in demo-graphic characteristics. While British Asianminority is diverse and composed of nearlythree generations, the majority of membersof the Kurdish community are young andsingle, and, for them, western culture withits multicultural, multiethnic make up, dem-

ocratic tradition, and individualised (secu-larised) view of social order is a new expe-rience. They have different aspirations tooin that they are a community striving forfull (cultural and political) recognition, andone which is striving for its basic need ofrefuge to be acknowledged.

Sport has been utilised in the Normantonarea to tackle two types of problem. Oneuse of sport promotes the social integrationof asylum seekers into the host community.The second, uses sport to curb urban vio-lence and to decrease tensions between thetwo minorities which share the same reli-gion but differ in terms of culture, religios-ity, citizenship and social status. There weresome attempts to use common religiousidentity as a vehicle for integration.

Yeah…Ramadan is coming …you knowwhen we break the fast …for this centre toget Pakistani and Kurdish people together…they are all Muslims …we shouldn’t bedoing this…that one way … A Pakistaniwho works with me is organising …it isgoing to be this Ramadan…again throughthat you break down barriers...apart fromsport …one good thing…what we get incommon with them is our religion …whichto me is the most important thing…I am aPakistani…but first of all I am a Muslim…that’s how I see it …and lot of peoplewhen you talk about Islam we have gotsomething in common …we become related.

Youth workers played the role of intermedi-aries between the two communities. Theyused football as a vehicle since it was pop-ular among both communities. However,such uses have limitations due to the physi-cal nature of confrontation involved (as withother contact or invasion sports) so settingteams against one another has to be guardedagainst. Nevertheless, used appropriately,can foster an environment of dialogue andmutual understanding, as members of theBritish Asian group acknowledged:

1 http://www.saferderby.org/news3.htm2 For more details see the BBC news article “Asylum tensions

‘fed by rumour’”http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/debyshire/3332879.stm.



we can organise a cricket game with themand try to bring them into the sport… thereare other sports such as rugby and tennis…but at the moment they are just interestedin football…I asked them if they do any-thing else if they practice a sport which nomember of the community plays…like aKurdish sport …traditional sport…and theysaid no…they are just interested in football…it is very limited what you can do withthem.

Different views…some lads say that theydon’t like them …but if you go and talk tothe people who play in the same footballteam as them ..they will say that they arevery good lads …they are not all bad…thepeople that don’t communicate with theKurdish people they’re the ones who seethem as dangerous (hanging around in thecorners)…they are just messing about ..withour girls…these kind of views…if you don’tknow someone…if someone is just standingtheir you can just have different views aboutthem…just by looking at them physi-cally…but when you communicate withsomeone…then you say hang on I shouldn’tstereotype this person because he is differ-ent or he is not talking to me …that’s how itworks…you can always stereotype some-one…but when you start talking to them youcan see that they are not bad persons.

…they can see that sport can help in break-ing down the barriers…we get to meet eachother …sport is a good way of communicat-ing with people … last year there was aPakistani football team (playing Sundayleague) with some Kurds amongst them.A significant aim was also to organise theKurdish youngsters in an association with amoral entity accountable to local communi-ty, local authority and the society. This maybe a difficult endeavour for two main rea-sons: a) the nature of asylum status (theycannot assume an independent individualitybecause of the restricted civil and civicrights); b) the psychological nature of Kurd

asylum seekers, for whom the state (sym-bolised in Saddam’s regime) generatesantipathy since it is seen as an obstacle topersonal fulfilment in their home society:

The status of Kurds in the Normanton areais in itself an obstacle for integration. Mostof them are asylum seekers waiting for theirclaim for refugee status to be decided; ortheir refugee status has already been reject-ed and they have chosen to remain in thecountry as illegal immigrants; or they havebeen granted leave to remain on humanitar-ian basis. This explains partially the unwill-ingness of asylum seekers to get involved inwhat they see as British culture. Forinstance, training, learning the language orto take part in sporting activities whichwould be new to them.

This is evident in the account of a commu-nity worker.

The Kurdish community itself suffered quitea lot …what happened to them under theregime of Saddam Hussein …they seem tothink that everybody is like that, everybodyis against them. They get quite angry…theyare very …when you communicate withthem …they seem to think that you are aftersomething …even when you asked them‘how are you?’ they get a bit defensive.… alot of tension is arising …because theythink that they will go back anyway …the ‘Idon’t care’ attitude because ‘I am goingback anyway’ …the police aren’t bothered…even the short time that they are here theyhave to obey the law…you are in anothercountry …when I organise these meetings Italk to them about the law and how theyshould present themselves …explaining thatthe laws of this country are different …thegroup that I am working with are 40…theyare all decent people …they don’t causetrouble…but there are more things to bedone. With limited workers there are morethings to be done.

cu-pe-toofor

andd of

tonOnetionnity.vio-theeli-ios-

wereous

nowe toherbe

tanit isughromt inhichm alim

oplegotted.

edi-heyop-ver,ysi-

withtingdedely,andthe



(II

(II

Whthe propor

A further factor to consider was that the lo-cal British Asian population feels that thepolicy of concentrated asylums locally isunfair.

we feel as Pakistan community that they[City Council] always seem to let the asy-lum seekers come to Normanton and not goto different areas of Derby …Derby citycouncil has to take responsibility …thereare too many asylum seekers in Norman-ton…the rest of the city should be heldresponsible for segregating people in differ-ent areas. …. The rationale is that because itis mainly populated by minority popula-tions they may think that it would be easierfor the Kurds to integrate? … That’s justpolicy which makes them (local council)happy…they want to keep minority peopletogether …there are more tensions betweenminority groups than there are betweenminority and majority.

Finally it is worth noting that the policehave supported and even organised locally anumber of football competitions, recognis-ing such events as a means of reducing localtensions, and that in addition other groupsor services within the local authority havebeen involved in promoting this scheme.The potential to deliver ‘joined up’ policyacross areas such as housing, education andpolicing is seen as enhanced by the fact ofbringing members of the target group to-gether through sport.

Having provided these brief cameos it isuseful to consider the issue of what benefitsmight be claimed for such initiatives.Conceptualising the Benefits Claimed inRelation to Sport as a Vehicle for SocialInclusion and Integration.

A helpful way to conceptualise the benefitsaccruing from such interventions is by ref-erence to a variety of forms of personal andsocial capital which the projects lay claimto develop. The ‘bottom up’ approach to

gathering individual’s accounts of their ex-periences of these and other case study proj-ects lend themselves to this framework.

In terms of personal capital we are referringto the development of the skills, compe-tences and personal attributes which helpthe individual to benefit from and contri-bute to the life of the community in whichs/he lives. These skills and competencescan be categorised under three sub-headings

• Physical capital: developing skills, phy-sical competences which the individ-ual’s circumstances have denied the op-portunity to develop

• Psychological capital: e.g. developingself-confidence, and self esteem; deal-ing with trauma – re-establishing emo-tional stability; providing the opportuni-ties for intrinsic enjoyment of sport.

• Personal social capital: e.g. developingtrust in others; widening social networks.

Social Capital refers to the development ofcapital at community level rather than thelevel of the individual. Communities are im-poverished by conflict – and when violenceoccurs community boundaries becomequickly redefined.

The rebuilding of community requires suchas the developing community networks andinfrastructure; a sense of local identity; asense of solidarity/equality with communi-ty members; and norms of trust, reciprocityand support

These types of social infrastructural capitalare often subdivided into the followingthree forms (Woolcock, 1998, 2001), andour case studies provide examples of eachof these three types being fostered.

(I) Bonding capital: Bonding socialcapital – Informal realm. It refers to the close ties that help peo-ple to get by. These are usually withfamily, friends and neighbours, or



more broadly with in the context ofrefugees and asylum seekers in a for-eign context, with members of thesame national group. The use of sportto develop bonding capital is evidentespecially in examples such as theAlgerian Association providing a fo-cus for asserting Algerian identity(while also incorporating otherAfrican nationals).

(II) Bridging capital – Civic realm.It involves the development of weak-er ties with networks of differentgroups (e.g. multicultural groups),building bridges between refugee andasylum seeker groups and other bod-ies in civil society. Madeley Youthand Community Centre Project inDerby sought to build bridges bet-ween the local ‘host’ British Asian community and the Kurdish refugeesand asylum seekers who had recentlymoved into the area. The DerbyBosnia Herzegovina Associationeffectively brought together SerbianChristina Orthodox and Bosnian Mus-lim participants and also built somelinks between Bosnian and local hostcommunity sports teams.

(III) Linking capital – Institutional realm.It refers to building links to organisa-tions and systems that can help peo-ple gain resources and bring aboutbroader change. Algerian Associationreported its failure in this respect butin the case of the Madeley Project,links with the Police and the localauthority were engendered by theproject.

What these examples point to are some ofthe roles sport can play in such integrativeprocesses. However we would add two im-portant qualifications.

(1) One should not generalise about‘sport’ and individual or communitydevelopment, since different sportforms delivered in different ways canachieve different types of goals.Sports or physical recreations can beindividual, partner, or team games;can involve strategy or physical skill;involve cognitive or motor skills; becontact or non-contact; be playedcompetitively or recreationally.

For example, raising self-esteem byplacing emphasis on competitivesport means that for some there willbe an experience of failure whichmay have negative effects on self-esteem. Similarly the make up ofteams can be problematic if it rein-forces ‘us’ and ‘them’ categorieswhich one is trying to break down.Thus the use of sport to promote so-cial or individual capital will dependon the appropriate forms of sport be-ing adopted for the appropriate purpose.

(2) Sport is only part of a process. Onits own it cannot provide a positivesocial climate, since other needs suchas security, economic stability etc.will also need to be met. Howeversport can contribute to the develop-ment of well-adjusted individualsand communities. The existenceof such individuals and communitiescan be regarded as a significant con-tributor to, if not sufficient conditionof, healthy communities in culturallydiverse contexts.

Conclusions In this brief presentation wehave outlined different policy philosophiesin relation to integration and assimilation,multiculturalism, interculturalism and rela-ted concepts. The role of sport in such con-texts is likely to vary, since the goals ofsuch policy will vary. Nevertheless we have

ex-roj-

ringmpe-helpntri-hichcesngs

hy-vid-op-

ingeal-mo-uni-

pingrks.

t oftheim-nceme

uchandy; auni-city

italingandach

ciallm.

peo-with

or



In ttiontwoandFirscrofocutiesmunpoliclubSpolocaComusinduc

InteFirsintemeaficainvoagetheoing ral

ThegroOn the

identinuempsitycomSpotityprotionour

IntYasKo

sought to de-monstrate how even a briefconsideration of the benefits which mayensue from provision to promote forms ofsocial integration, lends support to descri-bing such benefits in terms of individualand social capital. These conceptual catego-ries relate well to the ways in which organi-sations’ goals were expressed and in rela-tion to the ways in which in-dividuals des-cribed the successes and failings of theirorganisations. We do not offer sport as apanacea but its potential in enhancing soci-al capital in relation to aspects of bothBourdieu’s and Putnam’s (Bourdieu, 1989;Putnam, 2000) senses of the term, seemsevident in some of the instances which wereport here.

ReferencesAmara, M., Aquilina, D., Argent, E.,

Betzer-Tayar, M., Coalter, F., Henry, I., et al. (2005). The Roles of Sport andEducation in the Social Inclusion ofAsylum Seekers and Refugees: An Eva-luation of Policy and Practice in theUK. Loughborough: Institute of Sportand Leisure Policy, Loughborough Uni-versity and Stirling University.

Amara, M., Aquilina, D., Henry, I., & Tay-lor, M. (2004). Sport and Multicultural-ism. Brussels: European Commission: DG Education and Culture.

Arnaud, L. (1999). Politiques Sportives etMinorités Ethniques. Paris: L’Harmattan.

Boswell, C. (2003). European Migration Po-licies in Flux: Changing Patterns of In-clusion and Exclusion. Oxford: Blackwell.

Bourdieu, P. (1989). Distinction: A SocialCritique of the Judgement of Taste. Lon-don: Routledge.

Etzioni, A. (1993). The Spirit of Commun-ity: Rights, Responsibilities and theCommunitarian Agenda. London: HarperCollins.

Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: TheCollapse and Revival of American Com-munity. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Tam, H. (1998). Communitarianism: A NewAgenda for Politics and Citizenship. Ba-singstoke: Macmillan.

Woolcock, M. (1998). Social Capital andEconomic Development: Towards aTheoretical Sysnthesis and PolicyFramework. Theory and Society, 27,151-208.

Woolcock, M. (2001). The Place of SocialCapital in Understanding Social andEconomic Outcomes. Isuma: Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1), 1-17.

Ian Henry is Professor of Leisure Policy and Management andDirector of the Centre for Olympic Studies & Research in theSchool of Sport and Exercise Sciences. He joined the staff atLoughborough in 1989. Recent research topics include compar-ative sports policy analysis in a variety of countries, and recentcommissioned projects include Women and Leadership in theOlympic Movement (commissioned by the IOC, 2002-4) , Sport andMulticulturalism (commissioned by the European Commission, DG Culture andEducation with PMP, 2004), Sport and the Education of Elite Young Sportspersons(commissioned by the European Commission, DG Culture and Education with PMP,2004), Sport, Refugees and Asylum Seekers (commissioned by the EuropeanCommission, DG Culture and Education, 2004),You can view a fuller publicationslist on the University Publications Database.



In this article, the significance of integra-tion and Sport for All is discussed. Second,two case studies with regard to integrationand Sport for All in Japan are presented.First case is concerned with ethnic andcross-national integration through sport,focusing on Japanese and Korean ethnici-ties. Second case tries to explain the com-munity integration through Sport for Allpolicy, focusing on a new type of sportclubs, so called Comprehensive CommunitySport Clubs. Finally, policy evaluation of alocal Sport for All project which promotesComprehensive Community Sport Clubs byusing logic model of theory analysis is con-ducted.

Integration and Sport for AllFirst of all, the theme of the Forum is theintegration and Sport for All. What does itmean? How should we think about it, speci-fically in Sport for All context? Integrationinvolves race, ethnicity, nationality, gender,age, and community. There are two types oftheories and perspectives: one is “The melt-ing pot theory,” and the other is “The cultu-ral mosaic theory”

The melting pot theory encourages ethnicgroups to assimilate into the host society.On the other hand, the cultural mosaictheory emphasizes to maintain their ethnic

identity and diversity. There has been a con-tinuing debate as to whether society shouldemphasize the assimilation or ethnic diver-sity. The combined feature of encouragingcommunication and understanding throughSport for All with maintaining ethnic iden-tity and diversity is suggested. We shouldpromote ethnic and cultural communica-tions through Sport for All with maintainingour ethnic identity and diversity.

Case study 1: Cross-cultural integrationin sport

Japan is a harmonious country with one eth-nicity restricting foreign labor forces in thepast history. So, Japan has fewer problemsin integration of race, ethnicity, and nation-ality within society than those in Europeancountries. However, we do have minoritypeople such as “Zai-nichi” and “Ainu”(indigenous people living in Hok-kaido).Zai-nichi means the people who are livingin Japan but have South Korean or NorthKorean nationality. “Zai-nichi” is sometimescalled as “Zai-nichi Korean.” As a result ofprejudice and stereotypes, Zai-nich hasbeen institutionally discriminated andreceived differential treatment andopportunities.

In addition, due to the Japanese occupationin Korea from 1910 to 1945, the relation-ship between Japanese and Korean peoplehas been cold. For Japan, Korea has beensaid to be “Near but far country.”

Two recent developments on the integrationof ethnicities in sport between Japan andKorea are apparent. In Japan, there is theNational Athletic Meet which is a teamcompetition among 47 prefectures. Partici-pation in the National Athletic Meet hasbeen restricted for only people who haveJapanese citizenship. However, the partici-pation regulation was changed in 2006 andZai-nichi were able to take part in the 61stNatioal Athletic Meet which was held inHyogo prefecture in 2006. Zai-nich athletestook part in boxing, Sumo and other sportsin the 2006 event and which became newsof the case in integration of ethnicity andsport.

Integration and Sport for All: The Japanese PerspectiveYasuo Yamaguchi, Director of TAFISA-Japan, ASFAAKobe University, Japan

et

Po-In-

cialLon-

mun-the

rper

Theom-

NewBa-

anda

licy27,

cialand



fecthoupubvideThebill

Witmenwithvari“Spted.as beehavbegtingandsurv

One200“Sped. fromdredwithty i

ThefilebersFift300bersSo, althmem

Figmunotheestaple’askcedcom

Second, one mega-sport event made adrastic change in the relationship betweentwo countries, the is co-hosting “the FIFAWorld Cup 2002: Korea/Japan”. Actually,co-hosting the World Cup enhanced cross-cultural understandings between Japan andKorea. According to the cross-national sur-vey, 75% of Korean and 65% of Japaneseaccepted the improvement of the relation-ships between two countries due to the co-hosting the World Cup (Mainichi INTER-ACTIVE http://www.mainichi.co.jp/enter-tainments/sports/worldcup/10-01htm).

Case Study 2: Community integrationvia Sport for AllThe Japanese population has been aging ata rapid tempo due to the extension of theaverage life span and a decline in birth rates.Those aged over 65 comprise about 21% ofthe total Japanese population in 2005. Aver-age life expectancy of the Japanese is now81.9 years old and is the highest in theworld. On the other hand, the number ofchildren has been decreasing and thoseaged less than 14 comprise only 13.6%. Theaverage birth rate per woman has been alsodeclining and is only 1.25.Community ties have been weakened due tothe urbanization of people’s lifestyle anddevelopment of information technology. AsAlvin Toffler (1980) in his book “The ThirdWave” pointed out, the more high-technol-ogy, the more high-touch or communicationis needed. The traditional Japanese sport system isnow facing a number of difficulties. Thetraining of athletes has been conducted sep-arately by the life-stage at school, commu-nity, and workplaces. Fitness levels of chil-dren and youth have been declining since1985 to present time. Speaking of communi-ty sport clubs, the average number of mem-bers is only 19 people. Traditional commu-nity sport clubs are a sport-specific clubsand have no club house and facilities. So,reformation of traditional sport system isnow expected.

To meet the changing lifestyle and diversi-fied values among Japanese people, thenational policies on Sport for All in Japanhave been developed and employed toencourage them to play a variety of sportand physical activities. In 2000, Ministry ofEducation, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology (MEXT) announced the BasicPlan for the Promotion of Sport in anattempt to further promote sport in Japan.

This plan sets a policy goal that is to bematerialized in 10 years from FY 2001.One of the goals is to aim at achieving onein two adults is engaged in sport with thefrequency of more than once a week, a 15percent increase. In accordance with thisplan, a promotion of Comprehen-siveCommunity Sport Clubs (CCSC) is con-ducted as a priority project. The new con-cept of these Clubs is to provide a variety ofsports to all ages, and a variety of sport ori-entation from recreational level to competi-tive levels. CCSC is managed by membersand is an independent voluntary associa-tion. The CCSC provides opportunities forall members of the public to participate insport with the goals of achieving the 50%active participation level for adults at leastonce a week within the shortest possibletime. The MEXT started a model project in1995 and has been providing financial aidfor the establishment of model clubs.

Influenced by the new master plan ofJapanese, local governments set a sportmaster plan in their prefectures. Hyogo Pre-fecture Government set a new plan, called“Sport for All Promotion Plan” in 2000.Major policy goal of the plan is to increaseregular sport participants (more than once aweek) from 34.9 to 60 percent by the yearof 2010. In order to accomplish the goal, “SportClub 21 Hyogo” project is proposed.The “Sport Club 21 Hyogo” projectattempts to establish the CCSC in all 827elementary school districts in Hyogo pre-



fecture. Financial aid to construct clubhouse and club activities using school andpublic facilities, total 13 million JY is pro-vided to each club for a five years period.The total financial aid available is 10.8billion JY (100 million US$).

Within the local government, new depart-ment of sport promotion was establishedwith 5 full-time officers. Since 2000 avariety of seminars, leadership trainings,“Sport-for-All” events have been conduc-ted. A variety of promotional materials suchas promotion videos and brochures havebeen provided to local agencies and clubs. Ihave been involved in the project since thebeginning and have been assisting in crea-ting promotional materials, giving seminarsand conducting a variety of research surveys.

One of the research findings (Yamaguchi,2006) in terms of policy evaluation on“Sport Club 21 Hyogo” Project is present-ed. A questionnaire survey was conductedfrom June 25 to July 25 in 2005. Seven hun-dred twelve questionnaires were returnedwith 98.9% return rate via each municipali-ty in Hyogo Prefecture.

The questionnaire included a variety of pro-file and activities. Average number of mem-bers is 456 persons varied from 82 to 7,600.Fifty one percent of the clubs have 101 to300 members, 28% have 301 to 1,000 mem-bers, and 14% have less than 100 members.So, club memberhip is relatively small,although a few clubs have more than 4,000members.

Figure 1 indicates the changes of the com-munity by the establishment of CCSC. Inother words, this figure shows how theestablishment of CCSC influenced the peo-ple’s life and community integration. Weasked that “Are there any changes influen-ced by the establishment of CCSC in yourcommunity? Eighty five percent of the clubs

answered “Yes”. In addition, “What kind ofchanges are you identified?”Fifty seven percent of the clubs identifiedthat the CCSC increased cross-generationalties and communications. Fifty five percentof the clubs accepted the increased commu-nity ties. Forty two percent of the clubs saidCCSC increased the importance of childcare within the community. Thirty three ofthe clubs identified that the number ofactive elderly has been increasing. Otheritems are concerned with strengthened com-munity solidarity, vitalization of communi-ty, and increase of active children.(Figure 1 here)

Finally, Figure 2 shows the findings of pol-icy evaluation by using logic model of“Sport Club 21 Hyogo” Project. There arefour types of policy evaluation according toWeiss (1988): 1) theory analysis, 2) processanalysis, 3) impact analysis, and 4) cost-performance analysis.

The logic model based on theory analysiswas applied to the “Sport Club 21 Hyogo”Project. With regard to the “Inputs”, total of10.8 Billion JY(100 million US$) has beengiven to sport clubs project, and newdepartment of community sport promotionwith 5 full-time officials and 88 local offi-cials have been employed. A variety of sem-inars, leadership trainings, events and pro-motional materials including promotionvideos, brochures were provided.

What about the “Outputs”? By the time ofMarch 31, 2006, a total of 827 CCSCs in allelementary school districts were established.Total number of club members is 343,746persons.

The last step of this logic model is the “out-comes.” A prefecture survey based on astratified random sampling among theadults aged over 20 was conducted fromJune 1 to July 1, 2006. The survey indicatesthat the rate of regular participants more

rsi-thepan

toporty ofandasic

ann.

be001.onethe15

thisiveon-on-y ofori-eti-

berscia-for

e in0%eastiblet inaid

ofportPre-lled

000.ase

ce ayear

port

ect827pre-



Barat rCitipospropto wshe kindfor p

Thiatedthe tranvenbeinFOR

•

••

•

A cto lWe devthat

I wthe metfouQuesav

CiCiDr.Bog

Increased cross-generational ties

Increasedcommunity ties

Increased childcare community

Increasedactive elderly

Strengthedcommunity

Vitalizedcommunity

Increased actvivechildren

57,0%

54,8%

41,7%

32,8%

23,3%

21,5%

20,9%

Figure 1 Changes of the Community by the Establishment of CCSC

Inputs 10.8 billion J¥ (6 years) • 5 full-time & 88 local staffs

Activities Seminars, Leadership Trainings • Sport-for-All Events

Outputs 827 clubs / 6 years • 343,746 members

Outcomes 34.8% - 37.7% (130,000 people) • New Department of Sport Promotionin perfecture government (2007)

Figure 2 Logic Model of “Sport Club 21 Hyogo” Project

than once a week was 37.7%. That meansregular participants increased 2.9% withinthe last 7 years. The population of the adultsin Hyogo prefecture is 4.5 million, andtherefore approximately 130,000 increasedtheir participation. The theory analysisbased on the logic model to “Sport Club 21Hyogo” Project was conducted by usingsurvey data and critical evaluation. (Figure2 here)

ConclusionsAlthough the project succeeded to esta-

blish 827 CCSC with 343,743 members andchanges of community ties, the outcomesshow an increase of only 2.9% increase in

regular participants. The policy goal was60%, and so future tasks can be proposed asfollows: 1. The financial aid to each club last only 5

years. So, sustainable development andmanagement are the major task for CCSC.

2. The future project for promoting CCSCshould focus on inactive people in orderto become club members.

3. Each club should provide attractive pro-grams and events for the communitypeople and so quality club managers areneeded.

4. It is emphasized that integration throughSport for All can be possible and shouldbe enhanced with maintaining ethnicidentity and diversity.



Barbara Ward wrote,“A city can not be builtat random, but based on human purposes.Cities should not be built for economic pur-poses (to take advantage of a market ofproperties) neither for political reasons, norto worship a prince (to whom in this caseshe would be referring to the president in anykind of government). Cities should be builtfor people, especially for the poor ones.”

This points to the importance of the design-ated habitat and of motivating people aboutthe proper use of land, shelter, infrastructure,transportation means, entertainment, con-venience, esthetics in order to meet humanbeing needs. In short, a city should be builtFOR ALL with the cooperation of everyone.

• Because we always learn from othersand WITH others

• Because others are our best possibility• Because it is possible to make our dreams

come true when we know what otherpeople’s dreams are.

• Because if we want to make a personal,familiar and social life project, it is nec-essary to believe in oneself and sharethings with others.

A city is a life project, a plan made for spaceto live for individuals, family and society.We should preserve it and cooperate with itsdevelopment as if it was a dream, an utopiathat will someday come true.

I want to share with you the experience ofthe capital city of Colombia, Bogotá. It is ametropolis with 6.500.00 inhabitantsfounded in 1538 by Gonzalo Jimenez deQuesada. It is located at a beautiful hugesavannah at 2.600 meters above sea level.

Bogotá started growing rapidly in the midlast century due to unexpected migration asa consequence of political and socioeco-nomic factors. During the 70’s there wasdebate on the use of land, and the criticalneeds related to infrastructure and socialissues within the city. At the end of the mil-lennium, some administrative groups decid-ed to work together to support a sustainabledevelopment of the city. Mayors JaimeCastro and later Mayor Antanas Mockus ledpedagogical courses related to citizen cul-ture to promote the sense of belongingamong the citizenship.

An improved economy for Bogotá lead tothe development of a program calledBOGOTÁ A ESCALA HUMANA (Bogotáat a Human Scale), which was concernedabout encouraging community participationand architectural change. Parks, libraries,cultural and sport centers were built tochange the cultural and social framework bywhich Bogotá was known for.

The next mayor, Antanas Mockus, contin-ued to work on his first administrationplans, making coexistence to the forefrontas a vital factor for physical social develop-ment. Bogotá Sin Indiferencia (Bogotá isnot an indiferent city) highlighted theSocial Rule of Law established by the Con-stitution that established civic rule and hu-man rights for all inhabitants of Bogotá.

It saw the park as a central feature of sociallife, providing a focus for leisure time,sports, culture, and entertainment. This leadto the next project called PARQUES PARAAPRENDER A VIVIR (Parks to Learn toLive). Its main objective was to recover,

Cicloviá - A new Way to Integrate the ColombianCitizenship, Habitat and SportsDr. Oscar Azuero Ruiz, President Corporación Deporte con Todos Bogotá, Colombia

%

wasd as

ly 5andSC.

CSCrder

pro-nityare

ughuld

hnic



hirtthe clascanGameasyto n

Formotheamenmen

CIC

CicoccSunstreed b

Thewas(Insporgradpatiship

Its peoicalthe Act(II natiguidevphy

His

Aft15, Avestreated

improve and enlarge the sports infrastruc-ture according to a strategic design of eco-systems. The first step was to build ParkDistrict System that integrated the local,metropolitan and district fields. Sports andleisure infrastructure was enhanced and itbecame evident that the practice of outdoorsports met the needs of many citizens.

The improvement in infrastructure, meantthe environment structure was preservedand became stronger. The opinion of themayor was that: “Parks are as necessary asthe sewer system and routes are”.

The project was based on the followingprinciples and purposes:

• Citizens need more parks of high quali-ty where they can develop leisure, cul-tural and sport activities in order tostrengthen ties with others and improvethe life quality of everyone

• A Park District System is needed thatjoins different neighborhoods, local andmetropolitan zones

• The Park District should be developedwith proper management and adminis-tration to insure that the achievement ofgoals is guaranteed.

• There should be a balance between the urban areas and greenways

• Greenways should be developed in dif-ferent neighborhoods, zones and me-tropolis especially where they are limit-ed or non-existent in low and middleclass neighborhoods.

• There should be a sense of belonging ofthe community so that citizens willtake care and preserve parks.

Keeping in mind that the process of UrbanPlanning or land use was deficient, it wasnecessary to create a network orientedtowards citizen needs while preserving na-ture and environment. The project lookedforward preserving the biodiversity, the nat-ural environment, mountains, hills and

rivers. To sum up, the main objective was tocreate PARKS WITH SENSE.

Another issue that required close attentionwas the equipping and furnishing of parks.Companies specialized in design and con-struction made a comprehensive researchon the specific materials that should be usedto build parks (bridges, hand rails, slides,etc).

Parks were classified into the following cat-egories:

• Urban and Metropolitan Parks were ex-tended over an area of 10 Hectares, builtwith the purpose of being used as placeswere people can have fun, practice sports.The urban parks are part of a metropolitanparks category. Those smaller than 10 Hec-tares are called “urban” due to their sym-bolic and historical value.

• Zone Parks are outdoor areas with a vari-able dimension, targeted to meet entertai-ment-related needs.

• Neighborhood parks are outdoor areasintended for leisure activities and as meet-ing points for communities. They are com-monly called parks or greenways. “Parquede Bolsillo” (Pocket parks) are extendedover a 1000 square meters area.

Up to this moment we have been discussingabout physical issues, but the most impor-tant is to establish the relationship they havewith human beings. To get people to takeadvantage of the park, it was necessary tobuild up a community where issue could bediscussed peacefully and where neighbor-hoods would not be left aside. Close atten-tion was paid to those communities thatwere isolated by the society. The goal wasto integrate the whole community and getpeople involved in different activities thatfoster active participation in social and edu-cational issues. Sports and leisure activitiesare tools that get people closer to each other.No matter if we wear sneakers or sweats-



hirts, we are always the same, we all havethe same rights; the difference on socialclasses can be overcome and the dialoguecan be held within a friendly environment.Games and leisure activities are languageseasy to translate allowing social distancesto narrow.

For this reason some campaigns were pro-moted in order to educate the people abouthealth, education, socialization and entertain-ment, it can be summarized by this state-ment: PARKS TO LEARN TO LIVE.

CICLOVÍA

Ciclovía in Bogotá is a fun activity thatoccurs between 7:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. everySunday and holiday of the year in the mainstreets and avenues of the city interconnect-ed by a 120 Km extension area.

The idea for Cicloviá was born in 1974 butwas only realized in 1995 by the IDRD(Instituto Distrital de Recreación y De-porte). Since then, it has been restructuredgradually until reaching its present partici-pation and acceptance within the citizen-ship.

Its infrastructure makes possible 2 millionpeople to practice sports and different phys-ical activities in a safe way. It was awardedthe “II Concurso Internacional CiudadesActivas – Ciudades Saludables 2005”(II Active Cities-Healthy Cities Inter-national Contest 2005) and was distin-guished due to its “cooperation with thedevelopment of an alternative and efficientphysical activity within the city”.

History

After its experimental start on December15, 1974 by closing the 7th and 13thAvenues, from the downtown until the 72ndstreet, in 1976 the Town Hall of Bogotá cre-ated the “Ciclovías” by means of the

Decrees 566 and 567 and established fourmain routes: the circuits Salitre-Ciudad uni-versitaria, Olaya-El Tunal, Parque Nacio-nal- Funicular and the North circuit.

On September 26, 1982 the Motor VehicleDepartment made available to the citizen-ship, during six hours, the “Circunvalar”route or commonly called “El paseo del lib-ertador” and the “Estación Funicular”(Funicular Station) and the 7th Avenue Oc-cidental roadway from the 39th street untilthe 72nd street. Since then, the Ciclovía wasformed by 54 Kilometers that were reducedinto 24 in 1995.

In 1995 the IDRD-Instituto Distrital deRecreación y Deporte (Recreation andSports District Institute) checked the exis-tent stretches corresponding to the 24 Km.On March 17, 1996 a circuit was increasedto 81 Km, spreading later into 121 Km. Thisextended the existing roads and buildingnew road sections such as the 9th avenueand the 147 street, the 15th avenue and the72nd street, the connection between the50th avenue with the Américas avenue andthe “Parque Simón Bolívar”, “Bosa”, “Yo-masa” and finishing with the extension ofthe 50th Boyacá avenue from the 127thstreet to the 170th street.

Cicloviá elements:

Veterinarian zones: There are four zonesdesigned for owners where the main objec-tive is to offer different services such asvaccination, assessment and food for theirpets. Private companies coordinate theseveterinarian zones and they are supervisedby the IDRD-Instituto Distrital de Recrea-ción y Deporte (Recreation and Sports Dis-trict Institute).

RAFI points: There are three main pointsalong the Ciclovía where specialized peopletry to suggest and guide the life style of thecitizens in terms of health and fitness. The

s to

tionrks.on-

archseddes,

cat-

ex-uilt

acesorts.itan

Hec-ym-

ari-tai-

reaseet-om-queded

ingpor-aveake

y tod bebor-ten-thatwasget

thatdu-tiesher.ats-



In SpotionsponatiTodaspforccultdivebuti

In tourlocaas aAbothe gratnati

The

Austhatalm

Ourthouof Arecothe Ausnati

ThecamGovcolo

IntImtioHoTreMe

main objective of these RAFI points are topromote the physical activity in a fun, niceand simple way within the society, particu-larly children and adults.

Vendor points: these small sale points aredistributed into 37 zones along the 121 Kmof the circuit. In those points people can buyfood, get their bicycles fixed or parked.

Recreovía: This is a point of the Ciclovíawhere people can do physical activities,dance, aerobics or watch theater plays.

Extreme sports: in these points young peo-ple can skate, ride bike and shows on thesesports take place frequently.

Service Stations: Generally, service stationsprovide fluids, information and bathrooms.

Children zone: boys and girls can enjoy ofplace where they learn activities such aspainting, origami, and some fun activities torelease the tension they get at school and athome.

The Cicloruta (cycle route) instead of cars,bicycles are promoted for the transportationof people from their jobs to home and viceversa. This 370 Km network has contri-buted to a decrease in the high levels of airpollution.

The following points can be made about theCICLOVÍA:

1. The program was born, grew and wasdeveloped by citizens initiative to deal with a lack of recreational spaces.

2. Its fast and spontaneous spread was pos-sible by city mayors who organizedmanagement systems through the Recre-ation and Sport District Institute, toguarantee security, environmental safe-ty, social inclusion, and meeting points and mech anisms of integration.

3. Cyclovia achieves a union of classeswithout regard to ethnicity or socioeco-nomic class.

4. The biggest avenues and streets areemptied of cars, leaving people to uti-lize the public space.

5. Ciclovia has strengthened the sense of belonging to the Colombia Capital,whose inhabitants, come from differentroots because of migration.

In conclusion, it is a model that can be ap-plied in any place of the world, with the in-tegration of a responsible administration, anactive and participative community. It is cer-tain that the life quality of the people wholive in Bogotá is enhanced by CICLOVÍA

Dr Oscar Azuero Ruiz is a lawyer and journalist from the ExternadoUniversity of Colombia. He is General Secretary of the Jorge TadeoLozano University, where he works as a sport leader who has long pro-moted health issue but social inclusion and of course, the healthyrecreation. He has served as president of the Panamerican Federationof Sport, the permanent physical education and sport committee fromthe UNESCO. In 2003 he was awarded the distinction of Pioneer of Sport for All by TAFISA,and currently services as vice-President of TAFISA.



In earlier sessions we have consideredSport for All as a vehicle to build integra-tion in communities, including women’ssport, Taekwondo and the integrative inter-national force of the Soccer World Cup.Today, I wish to concentrate particularly onaspects of sports policy as an integrativeforce that links the diversity and richness ofcultural life experience of individuals fromdiverse backgrounds to make a real contri-bution to national identity.

In this session I would like to share some ofour experience at national, regional andlocal level with Australian Rules Football-as a force for integration in respect of theAboriginal native title holders of our nation,the integration of immigrants and the inte-gration of people with disabilities into ournational life.

The historical context

Australia is a nation of 20 million peoplethat has drawn its people and cultures fromalmost every nation in the world.

Our first migrants arrived more than fiftythousand years ago. The Aboriginal nationsof Australia have had their status formallyrecognised by the national parliament andthe nation’s highest courts. Today these firstAustralians represent around 2% of thenational population.

The next generation of new Australianscame with the decision of the BritishGovernment to make Australia a penalcolony a little over two centuries ago.

Although the first settlers were predomi-nantly English, Irish and Scottish, the FirstFleet came from a diverse range of ethnicbackgrounds The discovery of gold and thedevelopment of our agricultural capacity tofeed the world brought in people from allover the globe a century later creating adiverse and rich heritage for nation buildingby the year 1901 when the various coloniesdecided to form a single national govern-ment.

In the last century, as in America, thegrowth in population has relied heavily onpeople making the decision to immigrateand seek the opportunities in a countryendowed with massive resources, lots ofspace and sunlight and a willingness toembrace people willing to work in new ter-ritories. By the middle of the twentieth cen-tury, Australia actively sponsored aEuropean migration policy and erected bar-riers to Asian migration, but the growth oftrade and commerce lead to the end of a„White Australia policy” and the encour-agement of a multicultural community. Thecurrent Australian Government policy is toemphasise integration rather than creating amulticultural society, with an English lan-guage test and values questionnaire re-quired.

In this century, Australia has developed amore mature and sophisticated internationalperspective and shifted from an attempt towipe out the differences between peoplesunder an ‚assimilation’ policy and moveinstead to value the diversity and richnessof opportunity that is brought by people

Integration Policy in Australia Including Aborigines,Immigrants, Refugees and the Disabled: The contribu-tion of Football and Sports for All ProgramsHon. Brian DixonTreasurer of TAFISAMelbourne, Australia

waseal

pos-zedcre-

toafe-nts

ssesco-

areuti-

e of tal,

rent

ap-in-

, ancer-whoÍA



offespothoreacby natiAusershspo

It mAuscenandteamcoaspospoel, w

It altralcomthromenorgcesadvemeeva

AussocimpAboetietimPronouwithmenthe Mining soc

Eaccon

who come to study and invest in nationbuilding in Australia. The major policydirection for multiculturalism has been theintegration into the core values and institu-tions of Australian life to break down barri-ers between communities and promote amodern, flexible and adaptive society thatbenefits from the diversity of experienceand links to other communities.

We have now moved towards an ‚integra-tion’ policy that encourages newcomers todevelop a sense of common national identi-ty based on a common language and com-mon values. Sport has a central role in thesuccess of these nation building activitiesand cross-cultural events.

We have seen that national integration poli-cies must achieve three fundamental goals:

(I) To ensure that the original land own-ers and stewards of the national iden-tify, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, are fully recognised and in-tegrated into every aspect of our nati-onal identity and encouraged to im-prove their social and cultural positi-on in Australian society.

(II) To continue to encourage skilled andcapable people from around the worldto add to national prosperity and per-sonal success as migrants Australiaand

(III) To work to remove barriers to inte-gration into the mainstream life ofsociety for people with handicapsand disabilities in every communityin this vast country.

Two Australian case studies

In the limited time we have today, I cannotcover all of the policies and programs of ournational, state and local government agen-cies that are underway in health, education,leisure and lifestyle programs to ensure arapid integration through a common lan-

guage, (English), a common national legalsystem, a common industrial and workplaceorientation and common media and com-munications programs.

I will focus on two sporting initiatives thatare major forces for integration.

• The first is the Australian Sports Com-mission Indigenous Sport Program thatevolved from the Royal Commission intoDeaths In Custody, which emphasised theimportance of access to sport and recreationas an aid to discouraging anti-social andcriminal behaviours as well as developingand sustaining community cohesiveness.• The second is Australian Rules Footballthat I am proud to promote around theworld with the support of TAFISA and isthe best example I can offer of the role ofSport and Sports for All as a force for inte-gration of Aborigines, refugees migrantsand the disabled into the national and inter-national community.

Australian Sports Commission Indigen-ous Sport ProgramThe Australian Sports Commission is theAustralian Government body that coordi-nates the Government’s commitment andcontribution to sport, providing nationalleadership and an active commitment todeveloping a strong base of grassroots in-volvement in sport, as well as providing op-portunities for developing elite excellence.

National sporting organisations rely on theCommission for support and advice thathelps them to encourage more communityparticipation in sport by making sports saf-er, more inviting and better managed so thatall Australians – including those with disab-ilities, Indigenous Australians, juniors,women and girls, volunteers, coaches, offi-cials and older people – have opportunitiesto be involved.The Australian Sports Commission promo-tes an effective national sports system that



offers improved participation in qualitysports activities by all Australians and helpsthose who are talented and motivated toreach their potential in sports performanceby administering and funding innovativenational sporting programs on behalf of theAustralian Government and providing lead-ership, coordination and support for thesport sector.

It manages the internationally acclaimedAustralian Institute of Sport – the nationalcentre of sports excellence for the trainingand development of elite athletes andteams, giving athletes access to expertcoaching, world-leading sports science andsports medicine services, state-of-the-artsports facilities, and opportunities for trav-el, work and study.

It also supports the development of the Aus-tralian sport system from the grassrootscommunity level to high performance sportthrough a Sport Performance and Develop-ment Group, which gives national sportingorganisations access to advice and resour-ces, including funding, policy developmentadvice and management models, education,emerging information technologies andevaluation frameworks.

Australia’s geography, weather and thesocieties that exist here have ensured animportant place for sport. TraditionalAboriginal and Torres Strait Islan-der soci-eties have a rich diversity of games and pas-times. The Commission’s Indigen-ous SportProgram is a national network of 50 indige-nous sport development officers workingwithin the various state and territory depart-ments of sport and recreation. This followsthe practice we established when I wasMinister for Sport and Recreation in creat-ing ”Life Be in it’ as a nationally integratedsocial marketing program thirty years ago.

Each year the Indigenous Sport Programconducts a wide range of initiatives to ad-

dress issues in Australian Sport that have animpact on indigenous participation. Rolemodels from the Aboriginal community playan important part in building a sense of ac-complishment and achievement for youngindigenous athletes, including Cathy Free-man who carried the torch that lit up theSydney Olympic flame and tennis star Ev-onne Goolagong Cawley. Ninety percent ofindigenous Australians over the age of 15years have taken part in some form of sportor sport for all activity in the previous year.

Very little is left of indigenous traditionalgames – even in isolated areas where somedegree of traditional lifestyle may still exist.These games and sports are worth preserv-ing and efforts need to be made to encour-age people to play and understand them.Traditional games provide the opportunityto learn about, appreciate and experience as-pects of Aboriginal culture. They also pro-vide essential training in social interaction.

The Australian Sports Commission Sportfor All program provides after-school pro-grams and support for disabled people toplay an active part in sporting activity aspart of its national integration effort.

Let me turn now to Australian Rules Foot-ball and Soccer Australia as success storiesfor integration of Aborigines, immigrantsand disabled peoples into the national main-stream. AFL football is one of the largestsectors in Australia’s sport and recreationindustry. The game is Australia’s premierspectator sport attracting more than 14 mil-lion people to watch all levels of the gameacross all communities. Participation con-tinues to expand, with a total 539,526 par-ticipants nationally in 2005, up 23% since2000. As an industry, the game contributesin excess of $1 billion annually to theAustralian economy according to independ-ent research commanding high levels ofcorporate sponsorship, massive media cov-erager and huge attendances.

egalace

om-

that

om-thatntothe

tionanding.ballthe

d ise ofnte-antster-

en-

therdi-and

onalto

in-op-ce.

thethatnitysaf-thatab-

ors,offi-ties

mo-that



acroprothatthe ing weltervtorsdevlife-prog

SPOINT

SocsponatitionForvideindiandto undtakiactiagestroal idThetiontionspo

(I)

(II

Bpoaltim(T(Abu

Aboriginal players represent 12% of topAFL players compared to the 2% that Abor-igines represent as a proportion of the na-tional population. As you will see in the vi-deo accompanying this address, players arein fact drawn from all around the globe.Aboriginal footballers had starred periodi-cally at the elite level of Australian Footballbefore the 1980s, but their presence in theAFL has grown enormously in the past twodecades. Their ball-handling and evasiveskills have thrilled many crowds. In somecases, the way players of Aboriginal des-cent have played the game has changedeveryone’s perceptions about what is possi-ble on a football field.

Unfortunately, many Aboriginal playershave had to overcome racial prejudices anda lack of cultural awareness in order toexcel at their chosen sport. Thankfully, withinnovations such as the AFL’s Racial andReligious Vilification Rule and the leader-ship and actions of such people asEssendon’s Michael Long, former Brisbaneplayer and assistant coach Michael McLeanand former St Kilda and Western Bulldogsplayer Nicky Winmar, the football commu-nity has gained a greater understanding ofthe issues confronting Aboriginal players.Their achievements have also made themrole models for other Aborigines.

As the national body responsible for Aus-tralia’s only indigenous sport, the AFL rec-ognizes its a responsibility to the broadercommunity associated with AustralianFootball. The AFL Foundation has been es-tablished to raise and distribute money to char-itable causes and community groups. Thisis an independent organization comprisingof key stakeholders of the AFL game –players, administrators, community organi-sations, business, media and entertainment.

The Foundation addresses the needs in thecommunity separate from the specific areaof player and game development yet identi-

fied as critical to the success of the sportand betterment of today’s society:

• the overall community of football• health and fitness of our community• development and support of youth in our

community• education and school based program and

encouragement of homeless youth and people with special needs to be-come active club members and take partin the sport.

I should mention the critical role thatSoccer Australia has played in the integra-tion of migrants, refugees and the widercommunity through Australia’s participa-tion in the World Cup. Of particular rele-vance is the appointment of Australian soc-cer superstar Harry Kewell to become aCommonwealth Government ambassador topromote healthy living, joining other high-profile Australians, including Cathy Freemanand Kieran Perkins, as a Healthy Active Am-bassador. As an ambassador, Kewell’s rolewill include working with schools, commu-nity groups and the media to inform youngAustralians about the importance of goodnutrition, physical activity and healthy liv-ing.

The Refugee Youth Soccer Program assistsyoung refugees in their integration processin Australia through a soccer developmentprogram designed around two pillars ofactivity: creating opportunities and enhanc-ing existing opportunities. A report by theUniversity of Sydney states:

“This innovative program seeks to assistyoung refugees in their immigration andintegration to Australia by providing a sup-porting and enjoyable environment througha soccer development program. While thefocus is particularly on youth, the programwill contain elements designed to contri-bute to building community cohesion am-ong the different refugee communities, butwill also explore potential for bridging



across different Australian communities. Theprogram combines a number of approachesthat have had documented success such asthe use of sport to bring people from differ-ing communities together. Fundamental aswell is the use of proven effective social in-tervention strategies which associate fac-tors of personal development with socialdevelop-ment, such as empowerment andlife-skills workshops, and youth mentorshipprograms.“

SPORT FOR ALL AS A VEHICLE FORINTEGRATION

Social activities, including involvement insport and exercise, are vital elements in thenational program of integration and promo-tion of indigenous health and well being.For many Australians these activities pro-vide an opportunity for isolated, diverse andindigenous communities to come togetherand for both individuals and social groupsto interact on a social level. Researchundertaken across Australia suggests thattaking part in sport for all and other socialactivities that go beyond elite sport encour-ages healthy family environments, buildsstronger communities and enhances cultur-al identity. These case studies offer a clear demonstra-tion of the key principles of an effective na-tional integration program that builds uponsport and Sports for All activities:

(I) It is vital to have national, regionaland local support for the pro-gram so that it is seen to be part ofthe national cultural identity.

(II) Major government or private sec-tor sponsorship partnerships are es-sential to gain the level of aware-

ness achieved by the AFL and‘Life. Be in it’ as the media, mar-keting and program costs requiremassive continuing financial sup-port.

(III) Integration programs must be sim-ple to manage, easy to access andbe fully supported by Sports Deve-lopment Officers at local, regionaland national level to encourage andsupport a fully inclusive program ofactivities.

(IV) Role models and professionalsports associations and sports insti-tute’s international programs pro-vide a focus for both the competi-tive elite sport and the encourage-ment of high rates of indigenous,ethnic and disabled participationthrough active recruitment andsport development activities.

(V) It takes many years of sustaineddevelopment investment to gener-ate a nationwide integrative forcethrough sport but the value to thenation and to the sporting commu-nities can be appreciated as the be-nefits of cohesion and shared be-lief in excellence is achieved.

Thank you for the opportunity to sharethese “down under” experiences. To seethem first hand, why not join the TAFISACongress hosted by ‘Life. Be in it.’ InAdelaide in 2011?

Brian Dixon is a former premier Austrailian Rules football player andpolitician and is currently a health activist and promoter of AFL internation-ally. He works to promote healthy lifestyles through his roles as the long-time treasurer of Trim and Fitness International Sport for All Association(TAFISA) and secretary general for Asiania Sport For All Association(ASFAA). Mr Dixon now offers public speaking seminars and acts as a political adviser forbusiness and the corporate sector.

port

ballnityour

andnd be-part

thatgra-derpa-ele-oc-e ar togh-

manAm-rolemu-ungoodliv-

istscess

mentof

anc-the

sistandup-ughthe

ramtri-

am-buting



3. Spo

Undactiplemof ato trespfedelookterm“Intfromwith

Theis dandandfulf

• toex

• toso

• tope

• to(e

• togr

• to• to• to• to

ho

In vgramsocatioproMinintegratvern

Germany has about 80 million inhabitants,of whom some 15 million have a migrationbackground. Due to the demographic devel-opment in Germany the number of male andfemale immigrants will probably furtherrise in proportion to the decreasing totalnumber of the population. Thus the integra-tion of this group of the population is animportant policy field, which will becomeeven more significant. With a view to this political challenge, sportplays a central and largely still underesti-mated role. Sport clubs are open to allgroups of the population and all age groups.They represent an attractive form of organ-ization for foreign young people. Sport isthe very medium and ideal tool of integra-tion. Dr. Thomas Bach, President of theGerman Olympic Sports Confederation,formulated this basic position as follows:

The German Olympic Sports Confederationhas been active in the field of integration formany years. With its program “Integrationthrough Sport” it has laid the basis for asuccessful integration work.

1. The German Olympic Sports Confed-eration

In Germany there are 27 million peoplewho are practising sport in approximately90 000 sports clubs under the roof of theGerman Olympic Sports Confederation(DOSB). The clubs offer a broad spectrumof different sport programs all over thecountry. Since the foundation of theGerman Sports Confederation the numberof clubs and club memberships has steadilyincreased. The DOSB is an association ofassociations: it serves as the umbrella

organization for 60 National Sport Feder-ations, 16 Regional (“Land”) Sports Con-federations and 19 Federations with partic-ular tasks.

2. Challenges for Society and Sport

The demographic development in Germanyshows that our society will have to tacklenew central challenges. In the coming yearsthe German population will continuouslydecrease. In 2050 it will only amount to 75million inhabitants (as compared with atpresent about 80 million). Out of these 75million the percentage of old people will beabove-average high – every third personwill be 59 years of age or older. The propor-tion of immigrants in the German popula-tion will continue to rise. In addition to the15 million immigrants who live at presentin Germany there will be another 10 millionpeople with a migration background.

These shifts in the population will takeplace in very differing ways within Ger-many: there will be boom and decreaseregions. Furthermore the population will beconcentrated in the conurbation areas ofBerlin, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Munich,Hamburg and Cologne. The eastern part ofGermany and some other regions (e.g.Saarland) will be characterized by a strongdecrease in population.

These scenarios reinforce socio-politicalchallenges such as providing access tosocial systems (above all the public healthservice system) and to education.

Integration through Sport – The Nation-wide Programof the DOSBAndreas Klages, Frank Eser, German Olympic Sports FederationFrankfurt/Main, Germany



3. The Program “Integration throughSport”

Under the umbrella of the DOSB sportactively contributes to the creation and im-plementation of these socio-political fieldsof action, also and particularly with regardto the action field of “integration”. In thisrespect the German Olympic Sports Con-federation and its member organisationslook back to an experience of many years interms of integration work. The program“Integration through Sport” was derivedfrom the project of “Sport for All – Sportwith Immigrants” which had started in 1989.

The central aim of the nation-wide programis directed towards the integration of maleand female immigrants in the host societyand in organized sport. The concept aims atfulfilling the following tasks:

• to promote (intercultural) experience andexchange

• to foster mutual recognition as a compul-sory approach

• to encourage the understanding amongpeople of different origin

• to achieve experiences of self-assertion(ego-boost) and personal success

• to enhance group success and positivegroup experiences

• to learn and accept rules (of the game)• to remove or overcome language barriers• to achieve prevention against violence• to reach an identification with the (new)

home country

In view of the implementation of this pro-gram, “Integration through Sport” is as-sociated with the Land Sports Confeder-ations as a responsibility of their own. Theprogram is subsidized by the FederalMinistry of the Interior and constitutes anintegral part of the general concept of inte-gration enhancement of the Federal Go-vernment.

The federal (central) co-ordination is man-aged by the DOSB headquarters in Frank-furt. Land or Regional Co-ordinators repre-sent the program at the Land SportsConfederations. So-called support clubswith start assistants and sport exerciseinstructors constitute the basis responsiblefor grass-root work.The implementation of the contents of theintegration program by organized sportrequires a wide range of activities and mea-sures, which the concept defines as in-tegration modules. The program works withdifferent modules of integration whichinclude not only program structures oforganised sport but also new and alternativeforms of sport. A total of five integrationmodules were developed for practice,which can be used in a flexible way forimplementing integration work:

• Support clubs • Start assistants• Mobile modules• Special activities and programs• Qualifying activities and programs

Support Clubs:At present about 500 so-called supportclubs take part in the program “Integrationthrough Sport”. They offer programs forimmigrants with a great variety. The Landand Regional Co-ordinators of the differentFederal States (“Lander”) co-ordinate theseprojects.

Start Assistants:The different programs are also launched byso-called start assistants. Many of thesestart assistants have a migration back-ground themselves, which helps them to getdirect contact and access to the targetgroups.

Mobile Module:The mobile sport modules shall serve tosystematically address the target group. Forthis purpose the Land Sports Confeder-

der-on-tic-

anyckleearsusly 75

h at75

l beson

por-ula-the

sention

akeGer-

asel be

ofich,t ofe.g.ong

icalto

alth

m



peto

• Outhm

• Wnagrcoin

Formeaimp

• sylo

• emexfie

Forww

Andklag

Frafese

AffDAGS

ations can make use of specially equippedvehicles, so-called “Sportmobiles”.

Special Activities and Programs:The catalogue of measures comprises one-day and several-day activities, major eventsand special programs which are an integralpart of local integration concepts.

Qualifying activities and programs:In order to firmly establish the area of inte-gration a whole range of programs areoffered for systematic qualification. “Sportintercultural” offers further training andeducation related to the development ofskills and competencies for integrationwork.

The integration of persons from different cul-tural backgrounds requires smooth jointaction of different social partners. Integrationis a process which needs many co-operationpartners. Sport looks for co-operation withorganisations in view of forming networks.Program partners are, among others:

• Network partners at local level• Youth migration services• Migration first advisory service bureaus• Welfare organisations• Representatives of population groups,

such as the Central Council of Moslems• Local/municipal integration officers and

authorities• Church organisations (charitable services

such as “Caritas” or “Diakonisches Werk”)• German association of schools for adult

evening classes

4. Examples of integration programwork

Support Club “GKV Eppertshausen”:GKV Eppertshausen is a sports club ofapprox. 500 members, in which 12 nation-alities are represented. They offer sport pro-grams for prevention and health, for per-sons with a mental disability and martial

arts. The club has laid down social integra-tion through sport as a task in its statutes. Itco-operates with schools and kindergar-dens, and makes use of karate sport in parti-cular for the integration program for mi-grants. The club was awarded several prizesfor its exemplary activities in the field ofintegration.

Support Club TGS Jügesheim:TSG Jügesheim has 1850 members and is atraditional gymnastics club with 11 sportsections. It co-operates with several schoolsand kindergardens. The club offers parentsan advisory service on diet issues and or-ganises courses for children with kineticdevelopment problems. Persons with mi-gration backgrounds are active as coachesand sport exercise instructors.

Support Club FTV 1880 Frankfurt:This club is located in the city area ofFrankfurt. It also co-operates with schoolsand kindergardens as well as the sport dis-trict of Frankfurt and with an organisationof African women. Socially disadvantagedmembers are exempted from payment ofmembership fees. The club offers midnightsport programs and open sport activities forimmigrants.

5. Conclusion

The German Olympic Sports Confederationhas actively contributed to the process ofintegration in Germany by means of its pro-gram “Integration through Sport”, and willcontinue and further extend this ap-proach.It focuses on a continuous further develop-ment of the program and the utilization ofthe potentials of sport for the field of actionconcerning integration:

• Language barriers play a rather secondaryrole in sport

• (Competitive) sport is mostly based oninternational and generally valid rules

• Sport enhances the development of the



personality of a person and brings peopletogether

• Out of all cultural goods sport counts withthe largest number of intercultural com-mon denominators

• With its 90.000 clubs sport represents anation-wide network and offers a pro-gram structure covering the wholecountry and reaching everybody interestedin taking part

For a sustainable support of integration bymeans of sport as a medium, it is of centralimportance to provide for:

• systematic approach, conceptual basislong-term orientation

• empowerment of the sport structures by anextensive support environment and quali-fied full-time staff

For further information please contactwww.integration-durch-sport.de

Andreas [email protected]

Frank [email protected]

After studying Political Scientist Andreas Klages worked in thefields of political communication in Germany and Switzerlandfrom 1994 to 1996. Currently he works as the Deputy Director ofDevelopment of Sports for the German Olympic Sports Confederation and is anAssistant at University of Marburg. He held the position of Secretary General of theGerman Baseball and Softball Federation from 1996 to 2001 and was the DirectorSports for All (DSB) in 2005/06.

gra-s. Itgar-arti-mi-zes

d of

is aportoolsentsor-

eticmi-hes

ofoolsdis-tionged

ofghtfor

tion of

pro-willach.op-

n oftion

dary

on



satiwithas watioan icatibusorgspoacti

Theallieplannedpro

EthSpo

As Getpro

WhThecietlandthe tunitinghavagetioniourty. lisebersspogingticuMinSpoInteEthSpolion201

Sport is so vital, it is impossible to imaginesociety without it. The importance of asporting society is the central theme of theTime for Sport Report issued by the Dutchgovernment in late 2005. The report laysout government plans for a new sports pol-icy and for investments to be made in sportfrom 2006 to 2010. Some 100 million euroswill be invested annually starting in 2006.The Time for Sport Report points out thatthe benefits of sport to society go beyondfun and games. Sport and exercise are ex-cellent tools that can be used to make socialprogress, while of course never forgettingthe pure fun of exercise.

The Dutch government wants to build anactive society involved in sport, a society inwhich everyone can take part and in whichvalues like fair play are accepted norms.

The Time for Sport Report has three mainthemes:

- Sport for health (improving health);- Involvement through sport (increasing

social cohesion);- Top sport (stimulating top sport as a

source of national pride and image).

The implementation of the sports policyinvolves teamwork with other governmentdepartments including education, employ-ment, economic affairs, domestic affairs, im-migration and justice. In addition, the sportspolicy has been worked out in associationwith many partners of relevance such assports organisations, government agencies,educational organisations, ethnic minorityorganisations, research and knowledge ins-titutes and the business community. The re-sult of that interactive process is the pro-gramme of activities Together for Sport2006-2010.

Ethnic Youngsters Get Involved ThroughSport is the first new programme launchedin response to the Time for Sport Report,specifically on the ‘involvement throughsport’. This paper will focus on the pro-gramme and on the Communities on theMove approach, which to encourages moreethnic youngsters to adopt an active life-style and ultimately join a sports club. Theexperience gained with this approach haslead to it being implemented nationally aspart of the ‘Sport for Health’ theme.

First, allow me to say a few words about theNISB, the organisation I work for.

NISBThe Netherlands Institute for Sport andPhysical Activity (NISB) was founded in1999 with the aim to make the best possibleuse of the positive social values of sport andphysical activity. The NISB works forgovernments, sports organisations and otherorganisations that are either directly or indi-rectly involved in sport and activity.

The NISB works by way of programmes,expertise centres and a knowledge and info-rmation centre. We develop new methods,strategies and information products.

The NISB emphasises the local, community-oriented approach and focuses on severalchallenges: How can sport and physicalactivity advance the relationship betweenpeople and improve the quality of life andsafety? How do you get people to exercisemore so that they feel healthier, fitter andgenerally better?

As a national institute, the NISB does nottarget sports people or sports clubs directly,but rather focuses on ‘intermediary’ organi-

Time for SportWilli Westerhof, Netherlands Institute for Sport and Physical ActivityBennekkom, Netherlands



sations. This means that we work togetherwith the policy partners in the sports worldas well as with local councils, sports feder-ations, provincial sports councils and withan increasing number of partners from edu-cation, health care, welfare and from thebusiness community. We concentrate onorganised sport, alternatively organisedsport and unaffiliated forms of sport andactivity.

The NISB’s goals and projects are closelyallied with the national government’s policyplans. Therefore the NISB has been assig-ned a major role in the Together for Sportprogramme.

Ethnic Youngsters Get Involved ThroughSport

As I mentioned before, Ethnic YoungstersGet Involved Through Sport is the first newprogramme to be launched this year.

Why this programme?The integration of minorities into Dutch so-ciety is a hot topic of debate in the Nether-lands these days. This issue also confrontsthe sports sector because sport offers oppor-tunities for integration. Sport provides a set-ting where people can meet each other andhave a good time together. Sport encour-ages full citizenship, combats social isola-tion, prevents and deal with problem behav-iours and assists in reintegration into socie-ty. The possibilities of sport are underuti-lised in the Netherlands, because the num-bers of ethnic youngsters who take part insport and who join sports clubs are still lag-ging. Hindustani and Islamic girls are par-ticularly underrepresented. This is why theMinistry of Public Health, Welfare andSport and the Ministry of Immigration andIntegration have teamed up to develop theEthnic Youngsters Get Involved ThroughSport programme, making a total of 65 mil-lion euros available for the period 2006-2010.

ObjectivesThe objectives of the programme are to getmore young people from minority ethnicbackgrounds involved in sports and to equ-ip sports clubs adequately so that sport canbe used as an instrument of integration aspart of a preventive youth policy.

GoalsThe programme involves the following tar-gets:

- By 2010, the low sports participationamong ethnic youngsters will greatlyimprove.

- In the period 2006-2010, five hundredsports clubs, fitness centres and sportsschools will be used for the purpose ofpreventive youth policy.

- In the period 2006-2010, fifty sports clubs, fitness centres and sports schoolswill be given additional facilities for thepurpose of youth care and reintegration.

PartnersThe programme is focused mainly on chan-nelling ethnic youngsters into sports clubsbecause both the opportunities for integra-tion and the below average level of sportsparticipation are the greatest at sports clubs.Sport federations and municipalities havebeen to lend support the sports clubs in thiseffort. The Youth Welfare Bureaus are alsoinvolved.

The national government has entered intoperformance agreements with nine sportsfederations in the following sports: trackand field, basketball, baseball and softball,gymnastics, judo, korfball, weight liftingand fitness, football and swimming. Thesesports federations will carry out projects inthe coming years at 500 sports clubs andsports schools in the municipalities ofAmsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague,Utrecht, Arnhem, Nijmegen, Enschede,Tilburg, Eindhoven, Dordrecht andZaanstad.

ughhedort,ughpro-the

moreife-Thehas

y as

the

andd inibleandfor

therndi-

mes,nfo-ods,

ity-eralicaleenandciseand

notctly,ani-

vity



To bmuandA kindiof tgromemthe a ba

ParOf ctakeselvlot owe takeuatitargactiof pan a

EnjTheapptheyweedevbehChibecTheotheexeessethatgro

Enjvateitiescultspomenthre

National work of the NISBNISB is working to develop and spreadknowledge to support the execution of thisprogramme. The NISB will gather, develop,verify, exchange and transfer knowledgewithin the programme, helping partners inthe programme (such as the sports federa-tions and municipal councils) to access theinformation they need to meet their targets.The NISB will also distribute informationin a broad target group. For example, we willdevelop a website to provide news, featur-ing a catalogue, knowledge database andproject database of good practices withphotos and videos.

The NISB also organises meetings aimed atknowledge development and the exchangeof experience between partners in the pro-gramme and national conferences for abroader target group.

Communities on the Move (CoM)One of the approaches used as part of theprogramme Ethnic Youngsters Get Invol-ved Through Sport is the Communities onthe Move (CoM) approach. For four years,the NISB has worked with great enthusi-asm, dedication and knowledge to developa community approach to exercise. Theapproach targets people of low socioeco-nomic status who are sedentary and havepoor health and who feel no affinity for thesports and exercise opportunities, such asoverweight children and their parents (espe-cially girls and women), residents of asy-lum-seeker centres, people with chronic ail-ments and children with learning and edu-cational problems. The results of the pilotprojects are very promising and theapproach has good prospects.

The core of CoM focuses on people takinginitiative themselves, finding connectionswith their interests and needs, with the goalof increasing the chance of a lasting change.In order for this to work, organisations andcounsellors have to learn to think and work

in different ways than they are accustomed to.Their work has to be driven by the wishesof the group and group members must beinvolved in the development of activities.The potential and strengths in groups andtheir living environment, not their problemsor shortcomings, are the starting point.

CoM starts with the community as the com-mon denominator, This is a strength of theapproach. It makes use of those connectionsin the social environment of the target groupthat are already inherently in place. Groupshave shared features that may be based onreligion, race or ethnicity, gender, age or aspecific health problem.

Active participation of the target groupAnother key element of the CoM approachis the participation of the target group. Thegroup plays a decisive role in the organisa-tion and execution of the activity.

What participants want, what they like andwhat experience with sport and exercisethey have had in the past must be deter-mined. Some groups do not have enoughknowledge or experience with sport and exer-cise to be able to implement an activity) forexample, a minority women’s group) orhave difficulty formulating their desires (forexample due to mental limitation or poorcommand of the language). We usually of-fer these groups a varied range of exerciseactivities at first, so they can find out whatkind of exercise they prefer.

Simply taking part in exercise activitiesdoes not automatically increase the lifelongadoption of active behaviour but it greatlyincreases the chance of an active lifestyle. Itmakes the activities more the target group’sown and increases acceptance and motiva-tion. Active participants also give an addedimpulse to the social environment. After all,these are one’s ‘own people’ who are settingthe example which lowers the threshold fornew members to participate.



To be able to participate actively, the groupmust be empowered to use the knowledgeand skills of the individual group members.A key part of this is finding out what theindividuals’ qualities are, taking advantageof those qualities and reinforcing them. Thegroup is operating at a truly high level oncemembers of the actual target group organisethe activity and the professional only playsa background role.

Participation by parentsOf course, not all groups can be expected totake on the organisation of activities them-selves. Children, for example, can arrange alot of activities themselves, much more thanwe think, but not to the extent that they cantake over the activity entirely. In such a sit-uation, parents or family members of thetarget group can be actively involved in theactivity. In this way, the social environmentof parents and family is stimulated to adoptan active, healthy lifestyle.

Enjoyment of exerciseThe most important aim of the CoMapproach is that people enjoy exercise sothey want to spend more than an hour aweek on it. The ultimate goal is that theydevelop an active lifestyle. It is all aboutbehaviour change. Children are easily motivated to move,because they have an inherent need to play.They are quick to enjoy it. Adults on theother hand often seek a legitimate reason toexercise, such as health reasons, so it isessential to find out the aspects of exercisethat are important to them and to target eachgroup appropriately.

Enjoyment of exercise requires that acti-vates be tied in with the participants’ capac-ities. This means giving consideration to age,cultural background and experience withsport and exercise. A familiar, safe environ-ment that is easily accessible lowers thethreshold to participation.

I have introduced you to the three core ele-ments of the community approach to move-ment. Obviously, the approach also inclu-des numerous other elements and precondi-tions, but it would be beyond the scope ofthis talk to go into them all. If you are inter-ested in Communities on the Move, pleaseemail me for a brochure or fact sheet [email protected].

d to.hesbe

ies.andems

om-theonsoupupson

or a

achTheisa-

andciseter-ughxer-foror

(foroorof-

cisewhat

tiesongatlye. Itup’sva-dedall,

tingfor



• SAn invoin Mby Acollof dete[Islof cousatispostreandperchyp

• SAn Mumunstudcha

It cain rdepposthe of sturabe or v(Thand(Musetttermexcan uthe for (IslAlladesfor very

The dominant line in western literatureargues that the emergence of modern sportin nineteenth century Europe was associat-ed with the advent of capitalism, industrial-isation and urbanisation. Such forms of so-cial organisation were linked to the institu-tionalisation and rationalisation of sportspractices. Because modern sport is arguedto be the product of a specific (western) his-tory, it provides an insightful example to in-vestigate the debate around Islam andMuslims in western and non western soci-eties. Shedding light into some of these com-plex issues is hoped to contribute to enrichthe debate around sport for all, cultural dif-ferences and cross-cultural dialogue.

If we think about the nature of modern sportand some of its key characteristics (notethat this is not an exhaustive list), sport is:

• A ‘total’ social phenomenon in that it in-volves all sorts of institutions: reli-gious, juridical, and moral (politicaland familial), economic (in the senseof production and consumption), aes-thetic, morphological; it relates to thegroup, the individual, social, mental,corporal and material (Marcel Mauss,Norbert Elias).

• Argued to be the product of ‘westernmodernity’ (i.e. rational thinking).Constructed in opposition to traditionaland ‘indigenous’ sports practices.

• A vehicle for experiencing cultural/national diversity (e.g. Olympic Games)

• An element of separatism (i.e. sectarianism, nationalism)

• A vehicle for experiencing a certain-sense of unity, togetherness/belongingto one nation.

• A legacy of colonialism: employed as a tool for integration of indigenouspopulation into the so-called “civilis-ing mission” of the colonial order.

• An increasingly important economic sector

• A new ‘religion’: presented in con-temporary society as a new religion(with its own ‘demi-gods’, ‘prophets’,‘temples’) as an alternative to ortho-dox religions1.

Given this context for modern sport, a keyissue to raise, in relation to the focus of thispaper, is the following:

How can we reconcile the nature ofmodern sport on the one hand, andthe nature of Islamic belief and di-verse contexts (historical, cultural,economic,political, societal) of Muslim countries andMuslim communities, on the other?

To investigate this question, the paper dis-tinguishes between three types of endeav-ours relating to sport and Muslim Thought.These are: (a) sport in Islam; (b) sport inIslamist discourses; and (c) sport in Muslimsocieties and communities. Each of thesedomains has diverse ways of questioningthe existence of, and knowing about, sport

• Sport In Islam: To undertake an Islamic study of any phe-nomenon, including the study of modernsport, one should consider the fundamentalsof Islamic belief. A primary condition is tounderstand the sense of being (Muslimness,homo islamicus) of a Muslim believer.

Understanding Modern Sport in Contemporary Islamicand Muslim ContextsDr. Mahfoud AmaraSchool of Sport and Exercise Sciences Loughborough University, UK



• Sport and Islamism: An examination of Islamist discourseinvolves investigating one particular strandin Muslim thinking. ‘Islamism’ is definedby Arkoun (1995) as a type of discourse orcollective affirmation linked to a categoryof actors who share a strong willpower/determination to re-establish “religious”[Isla-mic] values, and a “religious” modelof societal organisation. ‘Islamist’ dis-course, in the contemporary ‘era of globali-sation,’ is torn between its fascination forsport on the one hand, seen as a means ofstrengthening young Muslims’ physically,and on the other its condemnation of sport,perceived as another symbol of ‘westernhyper-consumerism.’

• Sport in Muslim societies:An examination of the question of sport inMuslim societies, and within Muslim com-munities in a non-Muslim countries, meansstudying sport in socially and historicallychanging contexts.

It can be stated that Islamic legal judgmentsin relation to modern sport practices, maydepend on various variables such as the pur-pose, the individual and societal benefits ofthe sporting activity2. Furthermore, the typeof sporting activity or the place and the cul-tural settings where it takes place may alsobe relevant. There are universal principlesor values in Islam which are unchangeable(Thabit) and not affected by time and space,and others that are subject to change(Mutaghayir), changing from one culturalsettings or society to another. Put in otherterms, in Islam everything is permittedexcept that which is explicitly forbidden byan undisputed text. There are matters wherethe margin of interpretation is virtually nil,for instance questions related to Akida(Islamic belief or creed in the Oness ofAllah, prophethood, angels, the Hereafter,destiny), and other issues where the scopefor the exercise of reason and creativity isvery considerable (Oubrou, 2002; Rama-

dan, 2004). As a general rule, most of thescholars agree that Islam permits theMuslim (both genders) to practise sportsand games as long as such sports are bal-anced and beneficial for the person’s physi-cal fitness. The argument usually put for-ward is that Islam encourages a Muslim tobe strong and to seek the means of strength.

New questions are being raised in relationto the practice of sport in the West. De-mands are being made by Muslim commu-nities – in the name of democracy, citizen-ship and rights to cultural and religious dif-ferences – for example, to accommodatespecific times for Muslim women andyoung girls at local leisure centres; to allowmen to wear long swimming trunks in pub-lic swimming pools (Tabeling, 2005); andto allocate specific training/nutrition pro-grammes for professional athletes to meettheir religious duty of fasting during theMonth of Ramadan3. Another concern is thepractice of physical education in mixed(male and female) environment/schools.

It should be said that the question of sportpractices among Muslim communities isnot always that of conforming the practiceof modern sports to religious exigencies(although not all Muslims by cultural her-itage who are living in the West want to becategorised in relation to their faith in theireveryday social relations. Some Muslimsperceive their faith as a private matter. Inaddition there are other cultural, socio-eco-nomic and even historical variables (e.g.history of colonialism and decolonisation)that need to be taken into account. Theseinclude:

• The complex forms of self-affirmation of the ‘Muslim’ population (local/trans-national, religious/secular);

• The status of religion in western socie-ties4,

• Differences in the needs and aspirations ofgenerations (first, second and third/even

as ouslis-

on-ion

ets’,ho-

keythis

ofanddi-

mic,and

dis-av-

ght.t inlimeseingort

he-derntalss toess,

mic



TabLeGihtcle

1. Thecuritymore lusionly hapbut it ball sthalf-g2. As Muslisportsargumstrongapplyto preinstan3. Le01-114. Orthree Belgiureligioof reli5. Forconce(born 6. Noaccep

fourth generation Muslims living in theWest)5.

• Place of origin (nationality, region, urban/rural) (Fleming, 1994; Baillet, 2003)

• Forms of migration (economic or forced).(Henry et al, 2004).

• Contemporary policy discourses in Europeabout citizenship and integration of ethnicminorities.

• The question of girls/women participationin sport.

To examine the question of sport in Muslimcountries means studying sport in sociallyand historically changing contexts. Afterbeing employed during the colonial periodin reinforcing social stratification by colo-nial administration, and in the struggleagainst colonialism by nationalists move-ments, sport became in the post-colonialperiod a tool par excellence for party-stateregimes in their projects of mass mobilisa-tion around nation-state building and inte-gration into the international bi-polar worldsystem. That bi-polar system of East versusWest has collapsed. In the contemporarycontext, in the ‘era of globalisation’, sportseems to be an ingredient of the generalstrategy of transformation from socialismor controlled liberalism to the market econ-omy (adopting liberal values). To conclude, questioning the why (purpose)and the how (form of practice) of sport inIslam should acknowledge the kernel ofIslamic belief, the universal values (i.e.respect for equality, justice and human dig-nity) and the notion of constructive dia-logue (i.e. finding a middle way)6. Sport,despite its (nationalist, sectarian) separatistnature, offers a forum for dialogue betweenMuslims and other cultures; first the desireto practice or to be part of sports mo-ments/events is real in the Muslim world.Furthermore sport, as stated by Giulianotti,due to its generalisation and standard rules,provides for cross-cultural encounter withthe ‘other’ (from different culture). Finally“playing sport competitively forces us to

think ourselves into the shoes of the oppo-nent” (Giulianotti, 2004:366).

References

Amara M. (2005) A ‘Modernization’Project from Above? Asian Games – Qatar2006. Sport in Society Vol. 8, No. 3,September, pp. 495–516.

Arkoun, M. (1995). Clarifier le passé pourconstruire le future. N°16, http://conflu-ences.ifrance.com.Retrieved, 2001.

Arkoun, M. (2003). Rethinking IslamToday. ANNALS, AAPSS, 588, July, pp. 18-39.

Baker, W.J. (2000). If Christ came to theOlympics (Sydney: University of NewSouth Wales Press).

Baillet, D (2003) Pratiques Sportives etJeunes Issus de l’Immigration Maghrébine,Migrance 22 (2) 2003 , pp 60-69.

Césari. J (2004) When Islam and Democra-cy Meet: Muslims in Europe and in theUnited States. New York: Palgrave

Fleming, S. (1994). Sport and South AsianYouth: The Perils of ‘False Universalism’and Stereotyping. Leisure Studies, 13 (3),pp. 159-177.

Gilianotti, R. (2004) Human Rights, Globa-lisation and Sentimental Education: TheCase of Sport. Sport in Society, 7,3,PP.355-369.

Henry, I. et al (2005). The Roles of Sportand Education in the Social Inclusion ofAsylum Seekers and Refugees: An Eva-luation of Policy and Practice in the UK.Loughborough: Institute of Sport and Leisure Policy, Loughborough Universityand Stirling University.

Oubrou, T. 2002 Shari’a de Minorité: Réfle-xions pour une Intégration Légale del’Islam. In Frégosi. F (éd.) Lectures Con-temporaines du Droit Islamique : Europeet Monde Arabe.

Ramadan. T. (2004) Western Muslim andthe Future of Islam. London: Oxford Uni-versity Press.



Tabeling, P (2005) Muslims and SwimmingLessons Separating the Boys from theGirls, Qantara Newsletter 30 August.http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-478/_nr-322/i.html

1. The crisis of modernity (political and economic projects, identity, inse-curity about the future, gap between generations…) has pushed more andmore people today to return to spirituality as the last refuge against disil-lusion of material civilisation. This return to spirituality is not necessari-ly happening in the sense of returning to ‘orthodox’ religious referencesbut it is also apparent in the phenomenon of deification of pop stars, foot-ball stars, and the transformation of sport to a new religion with its ownhalf-gods, temples, and prophets (Baker, 2000) .2. As a general rule, most of the scholars agree that Islam permits theMuslim (both genders) to practise sports and games as long as suchsports are balanced and beneficial for the person’s physical fitness. Theargument usually put forward is that Islam encourages a Muslim to bestrong and to seek the means of strength. For instance, If we were toapply the notion of Maslaha into sport context then the practice of sportto prevent health problems would be seen as indispensable, while forinstance body building would be perceived aesthetic. 3. Le haut niveau s’autorise le Ramadhan’, Agence France Press,01-11-20034. Organised in Europe for instance according to Césari, (2004) intothree main types: (a) the cooperation between church and state (Austria,Belgium, Italy, Spain and Germany); (b) the existence of state-sponsoredreligion (Great Britain, Denmark and Greece); (c) or the total separationof religion and politics (France).5. For third and fourth generations the question of integration is not aconcern, because they already are members of the national community(born and raised in the west). 6. Not completely reject modern sport without providing a universallyaccepted (inclusive) alternative.

Dr. Mahfoud Amara after his graduation from the University ofAlgiers in 1998, came to the UK to undertake his postgraduateStudies. At the University of Wales Institute of Cardiff (UWIC)he obtained a Masters Degree (MA) in Sport and Leisure Studiesin 2000. Subsequently, he undertook a PhD at LoughboroughUniversity, which was awarded in 2003. Since 2003 he worked as a ResearchAssociate with Professor Ian Henry in three EU commissioned projects. Dr Amarawas appointed as a lecturer in Sport and Leisure Policy and Management atLoughborough University in 2004His principal research area is comparative sports policy, and he has a specific inter-est in sport in Muslim countries and communities, having published material on thepolitics of the Pan-Arab Games, professionalisation of sport in Algeria, and com-parative models of football development. Recent research topics include projects for the European Commission 'Sport andSocial Inclusion of Refugees and Asylum Seekers', 2004 (with Ian Henry, DawnAquilina, Mick Green; and John Taylor and Fred Coalter of the University ofStirling): 'Sport and Multicultural Dialogue', 2004 (with Ian Henry, Dawn Aquilina,and PMP Consultants): 'The Education of Young Elite Sportspersons', 2004 (withIan Henry, Dawn Aquilina, and PMP Consultants).

po-

on’atar

3,

ourflu-

lampp.

theNew

etine,

cra-the

siansm’(3),

ba-The7,3,

portn ofva-

UK.

sity

fle-de

on-ope

andUni-



• Indistr

Thesocof thatindi

NEALSpople andgrosocgrotateengincl

Spoporto sals, • Th

of• Th

cipdepa

INDA VSOWitneeof otiveneeinitningto PRen

Frothat

INTRODUCTIONSouth Africa’s transition in 1994 to its firstdemocracy not only astonished the worldand provided South Africans with immensehope and unlimited opportunities but alsobrought critical challenges to face on thelong road to an integrated society.

The previous political system left SouthAfrica a divided and discriminated nation.It is therefore not unexpected that both poli-cymakers and ordinary South Africansagreed on and echoed the common visionand plea of the new nation:

“Never again will we be a segregated or di-vided nation.”

South Africa is a culturally diverse country,one nation made up of many peoples. With11 different official languages, a multiplici-ty of traditions, cultures and skin tones ran-ging from ebony to sunburnt pink, we are,as Archbishop Desmond Tutu once put it,the rainbow nation of Africa.

Integration, transformation, reconciliationand social cohesion as concepts receivehigh priority from government and are visi-bly communicated in our national symbols:

• The national flag of South Africa wasdesigned to symbolize unity and reconciliation. The “Y” therefore symbolizesthe convergence and going forward as one unified nation of previously dis-parate groups in South Africa.

• Our national Coat of Arms also reflectsthe diversity of cultures and the mottostates our vision: “Unity in Diversity”.

THE TRANSFORMATION AND INTE-GRATION AGENDA

The role of social integration and transfor-mation is a multifaceted process. Nationalgovernment, consequently, realised thatsustainable and ongoing reconstruction,integration and development of the SouthAfrican society will only be achievedthrough the leading and enabling role of thestate, together with the active involvementof all sectors of civil society. The collectiveand cooperative participation of all sectorscould lead to sustainable achievement ofour development and integration objectives.The pivotal role of government in societalintegration clearly depends on integrateddevelopment planning and policy docu-ments. In his State of the Nation Address in2004, President Thabo Mbeki thus introdu-ced the Accelerated and Shared GrowthInitiative for South Africa (AsgiSA) as fun-damental national policy guiding this ongo-ing process of nation building. The follo-wing key transformation goals of theAsgiSA became the focus of all clusters inSouth African society:

• Build and forge a new national identity• Reflect African specifics in programmes

and initiatives• Promote social cohesion and social inclu-

sion• Create employment opportunities• Alleviate poverty• Generate accelerated growth• Develop human capital through acquiring

job skills• Transform and reconstruct the education

landscape

Sport for All and Social Integration: the Case of SouthAfrican Rainbow NationProf. Dr. Anneliese GoslinCenter for Leisure Studies, University of Pretoria, South AfricaRecreation South Africa



• Integrate marginalised groups (women, disabled, marginalised youth) into mainstream society

The directive to sport and recreation in thesocial cluster was hence to develop a rangeof sustainable programmes and initiativesthat promote the above key performanceindicators.

NEW FRONTIERS FOR SPORT FORALLSport for All has the potential to bring peo-ple together in ways that cross boundariesand break barriers, allows antagonisticgroups to interact and exchange, forge newsocial identities, reconcile the integration ofgroups, stimulate social dialogue and facili-tate an environment where participants canengage in programmes of social integration,inclusion and reconciliation.

Sport for All as inclusive form of contem-porary sport thus responded to the directiveto support the country’s transformation go-als, pursuing a two-dimensional perspective:• The Indigenous Games project as a way

of cultural and social integration • The Siyadlala Community Mass Parti-

cipation Programme project as a sportdevelopment strategy to integrate partici-pants into sport

INDIGENOUS GAMES PROJECT ASA VEHICLE FOR CULTURAL ANDSOCIAL INTEGRATIONWith South Africa’s liberation, there was aneed to ensure that the historical landscapeof our country reflects the events and initia-tives of all sectors of society. Hence theneed to revive, promote and implementinitiatives aimed at restoring and maintai-ning our historical landscape as a responseto President Thabo Mbeki’s call on AfricanRenaissance.

From a Sport for All perspective it impliedthat ways had to be found to:

• Ensure that African specifics are reflectedin activities and address the diverse inter-ests of different social and cultural groups

• Create sustainable development programsthat result in the continuous improvementof the quality of life of all South Africans

• Rediscover Africa’s creative past and re-capture the indigenous cultures including the sport and games culture.

South Africa is a rainbow nation of 11 cul-tural and language groups and the Indi-genous Games project forms part of thenational strategy on optimising SouthAfrica’s often neglected cultural heritageand values thereby instilling a sense ofpride in the different cultures of SouthAfrica and provides a window on Africanvalues.In order to contribute to the national trans-formation and social integration goals asstated in the AsgiSA policy, the aims of theIndigenous Games initiative were identifiedto:•Record the historical and anthropological

context of indigenous games of all 11 cul-tural groups

• Promote the games as carriers of culturalvalues and vehicle to forge a collectiveSouth African national identity

• Use the games as content of physical edu-cation to influence and transform educa-tion

• Promote the games for its health benefitsand part of an active lifestyle

• Utilise the games to develop human capi-tal through developing job skills and jobopportunities.

The following Indigenous Games initiativesand activities resulted from the above aims:• A national research project documenting

the indigenous games of all 11 culturalgroups.

• National Indigenous Games festival heldannually on national Heritage Day (27 Sep-tember) to celebrate our new South Afri-can identity through cultural diversity and

TE-

for-onalthaton,uthvedthe

menttivetors

ofves.etalatedcu-s indu-wthfun-go-llo-thes in

ymes

clu-

ring

tion

th



• Fuac

• Votoca

Rurvidepersmetlalathy neradivebehalsohub

Twoin t• Sp• +

m

In tfocuspoindisticgamSpophythrorecr

Themunis pactiandprowithreliand“Loadvpart

physical activity. Nine indigenous gamesrepresenting the cultural groups of SouthAfrica were chosen:

- Iintonga (Stick Fighting game)- Diketo (Five Stones)- Dibeke (Team ball game)- Morabaraba (Board game)- Jukskei (Target throwing)- Ncuva (Board game)- Kgati (Skipping)- Kho-Kho (Team ball game)- Tik-Tok At the recent National Indigenous Gamesfestival in September, Khoisan indigenousgames were also demonstrated for possibleinclusion in future national festivals whichwould then complete the full indigenousgames spectrum of our rainbow country. Inan effort to be social inclusive, several deafplayers and those with disabilities also tookpart as equal partners in games like Dibekeand Diketo. Social integration across thelife span is also attained as the third genera-tion is utilized to teach the first generationthe often neglected and forgotten culturalvalues and traditions through indigenousgames.

• The South African Education systemchanged from a mono cultural to a multi-cultural nature and schools are more raci-ally and culturally diverse. In this cultural-ly diverse climate, a major challenge foreducationists is to manage the process ofmulticultural education. Multicultural edu-cation is seen as a means to reform the ed-ucation system by providing greater know-ledge and understanding of different cul-tures, encourage harmony and social cohe-sion through education, reduce conflict dueto racial differences, establish equity by providing opportunities to all in all thelearning fields offered at school and thuspreparing South African youth for life ascitizens in a just, humane and multiculturalsociety. Recent research on the participa-tion pattern of South Africans in sport andrecreation activities indicate the school as

the primary socializing agent regardingphysical activities and cultural values. Ittherefore makes sense to include indigenous games as part of Physical Educationclasses of the Life Orientation cluster tosensitize learners and educators to othercultures in the spirit of reconciliation andsocial integration and cohesion. An Indi-genous Games training manual was alsodeveloped to acquaint educators with thecontent and cultural context of each gamethus enhancing the skills profile of educators.

• The revival and popularisation of the in-digenous games also had a commercialand job creation spin-off as entrepre neursstarted to manufacture indigenous gamessets for morabaraba and ncuva creatingan income for households especially in therural areas.

SIYADLALA COMMUNITY MASSPARTICIPATION PROGRAMME“Siyadlala” is the Zulu term for “let’splay” and is the name of the national flagship mass participation project subscribingto the vision of “Getting the Nation toplay”.The programme values and objectivesattempt to address issues relating to the pro-motion of national identity and social cohe-sion and aim to integrate people in the mostdisadvantaged communities of South Africainto selected sport and physical activities.These objectives and values include:• Getting the nation playing to improve

moment literacy • Mass participation to involve large num-

bers of South Africans in sport and recre-ation activities and promote active com-munities

• Partnership and cooperation striving tomerge partnerships between public andprivate sectors in the spirit of cooperationand reconciliation.

• Unity in diversity using Sport for All ac-tivities to unify diverse communities andovercome differences.



• Fun, discovering the joy of physicalactivity

• Volunteerism to encourage communitiesto promote lifelong integration into physi-cal activities.

Rural, impoverished communities were di-vided into 256 hubs with the idea that noperson should be further away than 10 kilo-metres from such a hub. Although Siyad-lala is intended mainly to inculcate a heal-thy lifestyle among the youth as most vul-nerable constituency in our society, anddivert their energies away from anti-socialbehaviour, adults and senior citizens arealso involved in the project as participants,hub and activity coordinators or volunteers.

Two main approaches or models manifestedin the Siyadlala hubs:• Sport + (sport development model)• + Sport (community and human develop-

ment model)

In the Sport + model mass activities arefocused on integrating participants intosport through competitive events such asindigenous games festivals, general gymna-stics (gymnaestrades), aerobics, street ballgames and fun runs and big walk events.Sport for All activities acted as vehicles forphysical, social and life skills developmentthrough the infrastructure of sport andrecreation clubs.

The + Sport model in turn focused on com-munity and human development. Emphasisis placed on the delivery of Sport for Allactivities (e.g. traditional dances, modifiedand mini sports, and outdoor adventure),programmes and events in collaborationwith community-based partners like schools,religious organisations, local municipalitiesand private sector organisations like“LoveLife”. These partnerships utilize theadvocacy role of Sport for All to attractparticipants and achieve social objectives.

Effectively managing Siyadlala to achievetransformation objectives is however notfeasible and sustainable without a trainedhuman support base. Unemployed volun-teers were therefore trained as hub coordi-nators, leaders and coaches and equippedwith elementary skills in coaching, admini-stration, first-aid and life skills in anattempt to form a first line of defenceagainst social “ills”. Coordinators are alsopaid a small monthly stipend as Siyadlala’scontribution to job creation and skills deve-lopment. Several of these coordinators havebeen recruited into more permanent jobsbased on the skills that they have developedin the Siyadlala project.The impact of Siyadlala is assessed regu-larly on a national basis and although thevision and aims of this project are idealistic,it is important to avoid being excessivelynaïve about the reality of results. Threechallenges in particular impact negativelyon the success indicators of the project:• Gender inequity are not reflected in the

number of volunteers• Availability of equipment and facilities• Ineffective administration due to lack of

experience of coordinators.

These challenges are continuously addres-sed as social integration and communitydevelopment is a process and not a once-offevent.

PUBLIC-PRIVATE SECTOR PARNER-SHIPS FOR SOCIAL INTEGRATIONBoth the Siyadala and Indigenous Gamesprojects are initiatives of national govern-ment as components of the national strategyof social integration, reconciliation andnation building. It has however always beenthe contention that Government alone can-not cover all bases in terms of social inte-gration. The involvement of the private sec-tor and non-governmental organisations(NGO’s) is crucial to broaden the deliverybase and establish a coherent response tothe challenges of social integration.

ding. It

digetionr totherandndi-alsothe

ameuca

in-cialeursmestingthe

ASS

et’sflagingto

vespro-he-

mostricaies.

ove

um-cre-om-

g toandtion

ac-and



Thevitiurbthe mentouc

Thebegjobclubtric

Thiassopormemurb

In tpic tivespotheleadatioatio

•

•

Obj

1. potyou

SpJoëRegBor

It is clearly not possible to provide a com-plete list of all private sector partners andorganisations that encourage and facilitatesocial integration through play, physicalactivities and games. The work of a fewhowever needs to be highlighted:

Be the Ball – Targeting youth from innercity areas and townships and teaching basicsport skills and cultural and social values.

Little Champs – Aims to promote anddevelop motor skills in children 2-7 years ofage and encourage interaction between chil-dren from different cultural and socio-eco-nomic backgrounds.

Interplay – This SCORE programme belie-ves that sport and physical activity aredynamic and powerful ways to bring peopletogether. Volunteers organise festivals andmatches to bring different generations andsocio-economic groups together to buildsocial bridges on community level andbreak down barriers and negative stereotypes.

Special Sport – Targeting both physicallyand mentally challenged persons, youngand old, involving them in physical activi-ties to build social skills and self-confiden-ce and promoting social mainstreaming.

U-GO-GIRL – This programme aims toaddress the gender inequity in SouthAfrican sport and recreation by introducinggirls to activities ensuring representationreflects the South African demography.

Recreation South Africa (RECSA) –Providing community recreation leadershiptraining courses to facilitate quality of lifethrough recreation participation.

CONCLUSIONThe process of social integration in SouthAfrica is multi-faceted and a work in pro-gress. Sport for All activities based on theprinciples of inclusion, representation anddiversity provide an ideal catalyst to therainbow nation for social integration. TheSiyadlala and Indigenous Games projectshave the potential to bring people togetherin ways that can cross social and culturalboundaries, making the playing field simpleand often apolitical, allowing antagonisticgroups to interact and exchange. In a trans-forming society like South Africa, the dis-cussed initiatives have without doubt play-ed a crucial role in uniting the diverse peo-ple of South Africa in the first stage of ouryoung democracy and will certainly conti-nue to contribute on our journey to socialcohesion and national unity.

Prof. Dr. Anneliese Goslin received her doctorate in 1983 fromthe University of Pretoria, South Africa. She currently holds afull professorship in the academic Department of Biokinetics,Sport and Leisure Sciences at the University of Pretoria and is also the Director ofthe Center for Leisure Studies at the same university as well as the President ofRecreation South Africa (RECSA), the professional and scientific association forleisure sciences in South Africa and is also a member of a number of internationalscientific organizations in sport management, recreation management and physicaleducation. She has received numerous professional awards and organized severalinternational congresses in Sport for All.



The offer of sports, cultural and leisure acti-vities, aiming for young people of sensitiveurban districts falls under the top priority ofthe plan announced by the French govern-ment following the urban violence whichtouched our country at the end of 2005.

The French ministry for youth and sportsbegan to develop sport by the creation ofjobs for professionals in associations andclubs, which focused on sensitive urban dis-tricts.

This program aims to help the structuring ofassociations and clubs by providing the op-portunity to host new participants andmembers, particularly coming from theseurban districts.

In this context, the French National Olym-pic and Sports Committee took the initia-tive to create a “national coordination ofsport to help young people coming fromthe sensitive urban districts”. This effort,lead by the president of the French Feder-ation of Law Tennis, gathers national feder-ations around two essential aims:

• To provide a regular practice insports club for children and young peo-ple in the sensitive urban districts;

• To guarantee an individualized accom-paniment for the school follow-up ofchildren and, if necessary, a help to pro-fessional insertion of young people.

Objectives of the project:

1. Sport for the development of thepotentialities of child, teenager andyoung adult:

The objectives are:• To accompany children and young

people coming from the sensitive dis-tricts to the sporting field;

• To inform these young people on theprospects insertion into professionalroles;

• To help them to open up and discov-er new horizons, leaving the insula-tion of the districts;

• To help them to adopt “good citizenbehaviour”, through the club mem-bership, and discover cooperative ci-vic values conveyed by sport;

• To place young people in a favour-able context for training, with qualitysports equipments, qualified teach-ers, and a personal connection withthe local social structures. This be-gins with learning simple rules likerespect for the adversary, respect forone’s partners, the rules of the game,and skills like the effective structur-ing of time;

• To move young people into regulatedenvironments (sports clubs, educa-tional circles, institutions, privatecompany);

• To help socialize young adults andintegrate the staff of the sportingclubs, local social associations or aprivate companies;

• To provide sports according to the in-dividual’s abilities, to guide and formthem in sport activities;

• To follow-up in particular as they pro-gress in sports, and encourage youngpeople to help them avoid failure, andto support them to develop a regularpractice in a sport club. By the assim-ilation of young people into a sportculture, they will be able to consider

Sport For All in Response to the “Banlieu” RiotsJoël RaynaudRegional French Sport Ministry Department in AquitaineBordeaux, France

) –hiplife

uthpro-theandthe

Theectstherural

mplestic

ans-dis-ay-eo-ournti-cial

ffrlll



senworspo

Thiencprothe becto ttric

Theapped wspopeoour

Theswi

3. A

WitdiesyoueffolocaProjthe

•

•

•

•

In c

ThecoumotyouThithe

their engagement in sport as in manyforms (for example, through volun-teering) and ultimately as a means ofsocial advancement and professionalsuccess.

2. To develop sporting activities accessfor women

Particularly in these urban districts, thismeans

• Offering sports adapted to the needsof women such as gymnastics, danceor body expression

• To offer specially adapted and mixedteachers.

3. To encourage the participation of theparents

• To require parental authorization forthe participation of their children inthe sports clubs (they are not often in-formed of what children are doingoutside of the family residence);

• To support the communication in thefamilies for, in the case of behaviour-al problem for example, finding acommon solution with the parents byavoiding conflict;

• To inform the parents on the capabil-ities and motivations detected in theirchildren, an how they are benefitingfrom sport.

4. To foster a link with the school

• The intermediary of the sports teach-ers must establish this link, essentialto guarantee the success of this pro-gram.

Financing of the program

The French ministry for youth and sports,under its policy on the topic of the educatio-nal and social function of sport, has created330 professional jobs since September 2006

in the sports associations working in thesensitive urban districts.

The program is financed entirely by theministry, at a salary of 1400 euros permonth during 2 years (equivalent to a totalof 16,5 million euros). This employment isoffered to the students in physical andsports activities having completed at least 3years of study at the university level. Theyfunction as coordinators or developmentand promotion agents of education and sport.

These sport teachers have not only con-tributed to reinforce sport practice, but theyhave also developed relationships toschools and social associations and helpedprovide links between families and the pri-vate companies that may offer professionalsolutions to young people attending theclubs.

Measurements of accompaniment

In addition to the creation of these 330 jobsof professional teachers, the ministry foryouth and sports set up 3 important meas-urements which aim at accompanying thepreceding program, namely:

1. The “Sport Coupon“

This program is addressed to all Frenchfamilies of modest incomes with childrenunder 18 years who practice a physicalsport activity in a club. In order to helpthem to pay all or part of the club member-ship fees, the ministry for youth and sportsprovides financial assistances with directpayments to the clubs. According to theincomes of the family, this assistances varybetween 15 and 50 euros per child per an-num.

2 The “Trainer Sport Courses“

A specific program, which began in June2006, is aimed at young people living in



sensitive urban districts, who wish to beginwork as professional teachers in the field ofsport.

This program offers 2.500 young peopleencountering difficulties of social and/orprofessional integration, ages 16 to 30 yearsthe possibility to have a training course tobecome a sport teacher. Preference is givento those coming from sensitive urban dis-tricts,

The programs I have described, that involveapproximately 1.500 hours in of coordinat-ed work between the ministry for youth andsports and the sports club serving the youngpeople, receive total financial support fromour ministry.

The various sports currently offered: judo,swimming, football, and sport for all.

3. Assistances to specifics projects

Within the framework of the granted subsi-dies, given each year by the ministry foryouth and sports, a very important financialeffort was made in direction of sports clubslocated in the sensitive urban districts.Projects were funded that focused based onthe following criteria:

• Hosting young people of the sensi-tive urban districts

• Hosting of immigrant women leavingin these districts

• Formation to the responsibilities in aclub

• Development of good sporting prac-tices.

In conclusion,

The urban violence which touched ourcountry at the end of 2005 has put intomotion an active response to the needs ofyoung adults to promote integration.This response has included an initiative bythe French National Olympic and Sports

Committee has included the creation of jobsin sensitive urban districts, the financialsupport of families in clubs, funding of spe-cial projects, and the coordination of localefforts of clubs, schools and business tomeet the challenge of an ever increasingmulticultural France.

the

theperotal

nt isandst 3hey

mentort.

on-hey

topedpri-

onalthe

obsfor

eas-the

nchdrenical

helpber-ortsrectthearyan-

uneg in



biliernm

Thethroballdiviatiosenisedteample 10 leis

In ohasthe ado

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

WRAGien

By the end of the year, all of the tasks withregard to the 2006 FIFA World CupGermany will have been fulfilled and theLocal Organising Committee will cease toexist as a legal entity. At the same time, theGerman Football Association (DFB) willhave accomplished its mission of hostingthe event. The tournament itself may longbe over, but the experiences and unforget-table moments of the world’s biggest foot-ball event, will continue to shape DFB’sfuture activities.

The FIFA World Cup featured 12 modernstadiums, a well-prepared organisation, andstate-of-the-art media installations. But notonly did the Germans and their infrastruc-ture live up to the highest expectations, theFIFA World Cup also proved an outstandingexample of how integration can be achie-ved:

Successful integration of the 32 partici-pating teams 32 nations from all over the world partici-pated in the FIFA World Cup 2006. Theywere accommodated in 32 different teambase camps, from small towns to big cities.Festivals and all kinds of activities tookplace in honour of the local team, highlight-ing their respective national identity andunique character. Ultimately, it was the inthese 32 German cities where our hospitali-ty concept (“A time to make friends!”) wasbrought to life.

Successful integration of volunteers15,000 volunteers supported the LocalOrganising Committee in all projects andoperations. With 44 different nationalities, a

total 9% actually came from abroad. Agedbetween 18 and 75, with different educa-tional levels, they were anything but ahomogenous group. However, during677,730 hours, no less, they worked suc-cessfully together. Issues of social back-ground did not play any role, as all sharedone objective: making the FIFA World Cupa success.

Successful integration among the spec-tatorsTwo million visitors from all over the worldcame to Germany to celebrate a huge foot-ball party with the local, i.e. German, sup-porters. A total of 3.2 million fans watchedthe 64 matches live in the stadiums, butmore than 18 million people attended the“Fan Fests” in the cities. Despite the hugemasses of people involved, the number ofoffences registered by the police was negli-gible. Nationality and colour of skin wereof no importance whatsoever.

Once again, the FIFA World Cup provedthat Football, perhaps more than any othersport, has the potential to integrate people.

During the FIFA World Cup, the public atlarge became aware of that potential. TheDFB has been aware of it for a long timealready, investing a considerable amount oftime and money in social activities, e.g., bysupporting various projects through itsSepp Herberger and Egidius Braun founda-tions, respectively. Promoting the integra-tion potential of football also plays animportant role. As the biggest single-sportassociation, the DFB has assumed responsi-

2006 FIFA World Cup Germany and what comes next?The role of Integration Within the German FootballAssociationWilli HinkDirector Competition and Football Development, German Football AssociationGermany



bility for contributing to the German gov-ernment’s integration policy.

The strategy for supporting integrationthrough sport has to take the German foot-ball organisation into account: it can bedivided into competition football and recre-ational/leisure football. The former is repre-sented by 6.3 million DFB members organ-ised in 26,000 clubs and more than 190,000teams. Thirty percent of this group are peo-ple with a migration background, more than10 million people playing the game as aleisure activity without being club members.

In order to get people involved, the DFBhas developed an integration strategy withthe following concrete measures to beadopted:

1. Assignment of an (honorary) integra-tion manager

2. Assignment of (honorary) integrationambassadors

3. Setting up an integration network toco-ordinate integration projects infootball

4. Development of a DFB integrationaward in co-operation with Daimler-Chrysler

5. Project funding: 10 projects aimed atintegrating girls from deprived backgrounds through school football

A football development plan 2007-2010will be set up in the next few months. Basedon the experiences from the FIFA WorldCup, it is obvious that activities to promoteintegration in German football will comehigh on the agenda.

Willi Hink currently works as the Director of the Amateur Football,Refereeing and Women’s Football section of the German FootballAssociation. He studied at German Sport University in Cologne,Gerontology at Bonn University, and Sports Economics at Bayreuth University He is involvedin extracurricular and volunteer activities in coaching youth and amateur teams and is a train-er and organizer for grassroots and senior sport. He is a member of many national and inter-national organizations having to do with sport and sport development.

geduca-t ainguc-

ack-aredCup

pec-

orldoot-up-hedbuttheuger ofgli-

were

vedtherle.

c atTheimet of byits

da-gra-

anportnsi-

t?all

ion



Thepasthe progovaffiare

•

•

•

•

Theposare olutopminvostep

Sevcollthe Dev200triesponersphynaticomspotiesproTobBarDomJamand

Sport and physical activity have alwaysbeen an important part of community lifeand development in the Caribbean, particu-larly among the region’s youth. In 2000, ahuman resource development sub-commit-tee on sport was established by the Councilfor Human and Social Development(COHSOD) to advise and review the devel-opment of sport programs, as well as iden-tify research needs and promote communi-cation and coordination among stakehold-ers. This sub-committee has been instru-mental in developing policy guidelines forphysical education in schools; drugs andsport, including drug testing; and establish-ing a regional mechanism to strengthen therole and impact of sport and physical activ-ity at all levels.

This presentation will provide an overviewof national and regional policies that havebeen developed in the Caribbean, includingthe countries of St. Lucia, Belize, Jamaica,Bermuda, and Barbados. An in-depth analy-sis of the impact of these policies will bepresented, along with several examples ofgood practice in human and social develop-ment through community sport and physi-cal activity programs.

THE ROLE OF SPORT AND PHYSCALACTIVITY IN COMMUNITY LIFE

Sport and physical activity have alwaysbeen an important part of community lifeand development in the Caribbean, particu-larly among the region’s youth. The UnitedNations Sport and the Millennium Devel-opment Goals (United Nations, 2003) havebeen established. (see Appendix A).

In 2000, a sub-committee on sport wasestablished by the Council for Human andSocial Development (COHSOD) to adviseand review the development of sport pro-grams, as well as identify research needsand promote communication and coordina-tion among stakeholders. This sub-commit-tee was instrumental in developing policyguidelines for physical education in scho-ols; drugs and sport, including drug testing;and establishing a regional mechanism tostrengthen the role and impact of sport andphysical activity at all levels. By 2003, theCOHSOD had also developed a researchagenda for development through culture,youth and sport, involving policy, advocacyand programs. The research agenda wasthree-fold:

1. To guide research to inform the devel-opment of sustainable integrated com-munity-based programs which utilizeculture and sport to promote individualhealth and social well-being;

2. To inform associated policy, advocacyand evaluation processes;

3. To foster the development of indigenousmodels, methodologies, and materials

A chart describing these goals in detail isavailable on the COHSOD website,http://www.cohsod.org. The chart organizesthe process of identifying issues requiringresearch and/or intervention, provides asystematic collection of information inorder to influence policy makers as to thesignificance of culture and sport method-ologies for change, and identifies quantifi-able means by which interventions and pro-grams can be evaluated.

Meeting the Challenges of Human and Social Develop-ment through Culture, Youth and Sport in the CaribbeanProf. Dr. Darlene A. KlukaGlobal Center for Social Change through Women’s Leadership and SportKennesaw State University, USA



The United Nations General unanimouslypassed Resolution A/RES/61/10 to supportthe integration of sport into developmentprograms of its member states. Thosegovernments and organizations formallyaffiliated with the United Nations systemare resolved to:

• Further develop a global network tomainstream sport for development andpeace policies;

• Promote and support the integration andmainstreaming of sport for developmentand peace in development programs andpolicies;

• Promote innovative funding mechanismsand multi-stakeholder arrangements; and

• Promote common evaluation and moni-toring tools, indicators and benchmarksbased on commonly agreed standards.

The Caribbean Community has been wellpositioned to take the lead on initiatives thatare directly in line with United Nations res-olutions with a research agenda for devel-opment through culture, youth and sport,involving policy, advocacy and programs, astep ahead of United Nations resolve.

Several initiatives have been undertaken incollaboration with international partners inthe region. The Australia–Caribbean SportDevelopment Program (funded through2006) offers the 12 Commonwealth coun-tries in the region access to Australiansporting experience and expertise on a part-nership basis. Its main areas of focus arephysical education, youth leadership,national sporting federation development,community club strengthening, women insport initiatives, and developing opportuni-ties in sport for people with a disability. Theprogram operates locally from Trinidad andTobago and offers programs in Antigua andBarbuda, Barbados, Bahamas, Belize,Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, St Lucia,Jamaica, St Kitts and Nevis, St Vincent’sand the Grenadines.

The areas of focus in this program appear tobe in line with UN Sport and MillenniumGoals. Analysis of results of this programwill be available in late 2007 or early 2008.

Another initiative, funded through theAustralian Sports Commission (ASC), isthe Trinidad and Tobago Alliance for Sportand Physical Education Association(TTASPE). Through the partnership of theASC and TTASPE, numerous programswere successfully conducted since 2004.They include:

Sport Administration Volunteer – AnAustralian volunteer worked in Trinidadwith national sport organizations on gover-nance reform, strategic planning, and on thedelivery of club and association sports ad-ministration workshops.

Sport for People With Disabilities – Thisinvolved developing materials for coachesfrom the Trinidad Ministry of Sport and aninclusive sports festival conducted in Tri-nidad, in association with the United Na-tions International Year of Sport and Physi-cal Education. A module was developed forSport for People with Disabilities for inclu-sion in the Caribbean Coaching CertificateProgram managed by the Caribbean Associ-ation of National Olympic Committees(CANOC).

Youth Empowerment through Sport(YES) – YES and its program manual wereupdated and workshops were conducted forthe Ministry of Education in Trinidad andTobago. Workshops were also conductedfor underprivileged girls for the Ministry ofSport and Youth Affairs. Additional workshops are under development.

Jump Rope for Heart – This is a nationalchildhood obesity prevention initiative de-signed to encourage primary school chil-dren to engage in healthy lifestyle activities.This concept was initially designed by the

wasandvisepro-edsna-

mit-licyho-ng;

m toandthe

archure,acywas

vel-om-lize

dual

acy

ousls

l isite,zes

rings a

intheod-tifi-pro-

p-an



AlthspeComficigionkeysicafor cal proarou

Spooppcapthe the opmsoc

Thecom

RefHar

Sum

Inte

Uni

App

Thelenntion

Goahun

American Alliance for Health, Physical Ed-ucation, Recreation and Dance (AAH-PERD) and the American Heart Associationin the United States.

Curriculum Development – TTASPEplayed a lead role on the regional CaribbeanExamination Council, which is developingand implementing a regional curriculum forphysical education and sport.

Undergraduate Physical Education Pro-ject – TTASPE has established a multipartyCommittee with the University of the WestIndies (UWI) to review needs and establisha tertiary course at UWI in the physical ed-ucation field.

TTASPE Regional Conference – Aregional symposium in September 2004attracted over 150 participants from severalCaribbean countries including St Vincent,Jamaica, Guyana, St Lucia and Trinidadand Tobago. A larger symposium occurredin 2005.

Local Scholarships – The TTASPE Scho-larship Fund provides support for profes-sional development opportunities for mem-bers in the area of sport and physical educa-tion. The first scholarship was offered for astudent pursuing the Certificate in PhysicalEducation and Health Sciences at the Uni-versity of the West Indies.

LINKAGES THROUGH ICSSPE IN-ITIATIVES As a direct outgrowth of the ICSSPE 2ndWorld Summit on Physical Education heldin Magglingen, Switzerland, delegates from30 countries met in Havana in April, 2006,at the First Latin American and CaribbeanSummit and the First Ibero-AmericanCongress of Physical Activity in andthrough School, organized by the ICSSPEin coordination with the National Instituteof Sports, Physical Education andRecreation (INDER), and with the collabo-

ration of UNICEF Cuba and other interna-tional accredited organizations.The most important topic in the Summitinvolved access to physical education overthe life course. After analyzing the currentstatus of physical education in their respec-tive countries and the fruitful exchange ofexperiences, delegates agreed to the follow-ing recommendations:

- Call to governments and physical edu-cation teachers to make physical educa-tion reach optimal levels in children andyouth. Delegates also supported the Dec-laration on the Rights of the Boy, theGirl and the Adolescent.

- To open spaces and facilities for the sys-tematic practice of physical education.

- To upgrade physical education peda-gogy in consideration that daily fightteachers face teachers in shortages, mis-understandings, lack of support and vi-sion on the benefits of the practice of re-creational and sport physical activities.

- To acknowledge the political changesand social processes that enable the de-velopment of physical education andsport in the region. For example, at the International School of Physical Ed-ucation and Sports students from 79 de-veloping countries are ready to assumeresponsibilities once graduated.

- To create regional collaboration and ad-visory groups to improve the programsaimed at strengthening the work of phy-sical education and sport-related educa-tors and specialists.

- To draft specialized programs and proj-ects based on the physical educationneeds of boys and girls, and to share ex-periences in carrying out of physical ed-ucation classes developed by countriesof this region, including Venezuela, Mex-ico, Peru and Cuba.

- To take on the ideas of the Summitwhose goal is to provide excellence inphysical education services for futuregenerations. (http://www.icsspe.org)



Although the focus of this summit was notspecifically oriented to the CaribbeanCommunity per se, it was enormously bene-ficial in the development of expertise the re-gion. Those present developed networks withkey stakeholders and saw how sport and phy-sical education could be used as catalystsfor positive social change. Sport and physi-cal education are useful interventions thatprovide the means for empowering thosearound the world in situations of transition.

Sport provides access to new networks andopportunities for the development of humancapital that can develop group identity inthe Carribean Community and help meetthe challenges of human and social devel-opment needs of the region for positivesocial change.

The Caribbean Community appears to havecomponents necessary for success.

ReferencesHardman, K. & Marshall, J. (2005).

Keynote presentation at 2nd WorldSummit on Physical Education, Magg-lingen, Switzerland.

Summit held in Havana, December 5, 2006,(http://www.icsspe.org).

International relations – development pro-grams: Australian-Caribbean SportsDevelopment Program, December 5,2006, (http://www.ausport.gov.au/inter-national/de-velopment/caribbean/asp).

United Nations Sport and Millennium Devel-opment Goals (2003). Geneva, Switz-erland.

Appendix A

The United Nations Sport and the Mil-lennium Development Goals (United Na-tions, 2003) have been established to

Goal 1 – Eradicate extreme poverty andhunger

Providing development opportunities willhelp fight poverty. The sports industry, aswell as the organization of large sportingevents, creates opportunities for employ-ment. Sport provides life skills essential fora productive life in society.Goal 2 – Achieve universal primary edu-cationSport and physical education are essentialelements of quality education. They pro-mote positive values and skills which havea quick and lasting impact on young people.Sports activities and physical education ge-nerally make school more attractive andimprove attendance.Goal 3 – Promote gender equality and em-power womenIncreasing access for women and girls tophysical education and sport helps thembuild confidence and a stronger social inte-gration. Involving girls into sport activitiesalongside with boys can help overcome pre-judice that often contributes to social vul-nerability of women and girls in a given so-ciety.Goals 4 & 5 – Reduce child mortality andimprove maternal healthSport can be an effective means to providewomen with healthy lifestyles as well as toconvey important messages, as these goalsare often related to empowerment ofwomen and access to education.Goal 6 – Combat HIV-AIDS, malaria andother diseasesSport can help reach out to otherwise diffi-cult to reach populations and provide posi-tive role models delivering prevention mes-sages. Sport, through its inclusiveness andmostly information structure, can effective-ly assist in overcoming prejudice, stigmaand discrimination by favoring improvedsocial integration.Goal 7 – Ensure environmental sustainabilitySport is ideal to raise awareness about theneed to preserve the environment. Theinterdependency between the regular prac-tice of outdoor sports and the protection ofthe environment are obvious for all to realize.

rna-

mitver

rentpec-e ofow-

du-uca-and

Dec-the

sys-n.da-ght

mis-vi-re-

es.gesde-andhe Ed-de-

ume

ad-amshy-

uca-

roj-tionex-ed-ries

Mex-

mite inture



Goal 8 – Develop a global partnership fordevelopmentSport offers endless opportunities for inno-vative partnerships for development andcan be used as a tool to build and fosterpartnerships between developed and deve-loping nations to work towards achievingthe Millennium Development Goals. Goal 8acknowledges that in order for poor coun-tries to achieve the first 7 goals, it is abso-lutely critical that rich countries deliver ontheir end of the bargain with more and moreeffective aid, sustainable debt relief and fairtrade rules for poor countries – well in ad-vance of 2015.

Dr. Darlene Kluka, a professor in the Department of Health andPhysical Education at Grambling State University, is an estab-lished scholar at the national and international levels in the areasof sports vision research and sport leadership. In 2001, she waschosen as the Southern District Alliance Scholar and in 2000 theWomen’s Sports Foundation named an award in her honor: TheDarlene Kluka Women’s Sports and Activity Research Award. Since earning a Ph.D.in motor learning, she has been the recipient of various awards such as the NAGWSHonor Award in 1996, the Women’s Sports Foundation President’s Award in 1996,USA Volleyball’s Leader in Volleyball Award in 1998 and the AVCA EducationAward in 1999. Kluka also serves as the Founding Editor of the International Journalof Volleyball Research.

(1)

• Towhaof S• Cmormaiple,of m

(2)

• Ttionernminte

(3)

• Towayvalumin• Tointecouwha• Toinitandbrin

(4)

• Toorgeve

SeThFo



.S,nl

(1) Building common understandings ofterms

• To begin dialogs in communication aboutwhat is meant by integration in the contextof Sport for All. • Consider that ‘integration’ may meanmore than assimilating minority groups intomain-stream sport culture. It may, for exam-ple, mean pluralist acceptance and fosteringof minority-initiated programs.

(2) Awareness of sport as a valuable con-text

• To create awareness in sport organiza-tions, and local, regional and national gov-ernmental and administrative levels on theintegrative potential of sport for all

(3) Diffusion of lessons learned and goodpractices

• To diffuse information about the variety ofways that sport for all projects can providevaluable contexts to promote integration ofminorities to the general population.• To share local, national and internationalintegration and sport for all programs to en-courage the exploration of what works andwhat doesn’t work to enhance integration.• To capitalize on international integrationinitiatives from the UN, WHO, UNESCO,and national and regional governments andbring sport to the forefront

(4) Creation of connections and fosteringcooperation

• To create cooperation between immigrantorganizations and sport for all bodies atevery opportunity.

• This may necessitate funding separatesport clubs or facilities for those groups thatare culturally distant from the dominantculture as well as building culturally sensi-tive programs for target groups• To create connections between immigrantindividuals and groups through Sport forAll through the involvement of sport organ-izations, schools, health offices, social agen-cies, etc.• To fund national and local projects withthe aim to promote the integration of immi-grants, refugees and disadvantaged socialand economic groups through sport.

(5) Political advocacy

• To work for integration as a central policytheme at the local and national level.

(6) Training

• To build local national and internationalexpertise in Sport for All programs forimmigrant groups to better manage and ef-fectively coordinate integrative actions viaSport for All. • To make special efforts to recruit anddevelop minority expertise in Sport for All.

(7) Research and evaluation

• To foster the development of new modelsand new approaches to enhance integrationthrough sport and to collect and dissemina-tion good practices of integration and Sportfor All projects.• To evaluate efforts so that evidence ofwhat works so that good arguments to poli-cy makers and politicians who can fundsport for all and integration efforts.

Seven Recommendations to Enhance IntegrationThrough Sport for All Adopted by the Participant of theForum



in scosIt whavandworbersGentookon ausComingthe the Act

ProideamanlongsenAssinvoChacoogovcati

ForawahowFed

PBeaPCrit

Prof. Dr. Jürgen Palm died unexpectedly on16 August 2006 at the age of 71. He washighly respected in the German andInternational communities for his work inbridging the gap between theory and prac-tice of sport for all. He advocated world-wide for sport for all and made it relevant toas many people as possible by linking it toother areas of sport and to the field of sci-ence.

There were many ways in which Prof. Dr.Palm undertook this advocacy with his sci-entific work and publications playing a keyrole. Throughout his career, his main publi-cations included: Der Zweite Weg (1960);Mass Media and the Promotion of Sport forAll (1978); Die zwei Schienen desWeltsports (1984); Vom Sport zurBewegungskultur (1988); Sport for All -Approaches from Utopia to Reality (1991);Leistungsmotivation im Nahfeld persön-licher Leistungsfähigkeit (1994); From aSelective to an Integrative Social System inSport (1998).

Prof. Dr. Palm was also able to advocate forsport for all as a visiting professor at theUniversity of Rio de Janeiro and at the

Hungarian University for Physical Edu-cation in Budapest. Another of his strategiesin encouraging society to be physicallyactive was to make sport for all popular toeveryone, even to the media. To achievethis, Prof. Dr. Palm initiated and supportedseveral projects, including Trim-Bewegung(Trim Movement) in Germany, which led toincreasing membership within the GermanSports Federation (DSB), World ChallengeDay and The Stars of Sports, with the aim torecognise voluntary work. He was alsoExecutive Director of the German SportsConfederation for nearly 40 years.Prof. Dr. Palm showed the world that high-performance sport was not the only way forsport to develop. He often referred to thesocial potential within human society to dothis. In his book, “Sport for All – Appro-aches from Utopia to Reality” which waspublished as part of ICSSPE’s SportScience Studies series in 1991, he stated“First there seems to be a strong stimulus tore-evaluate sport when it is declared a rightand a social good for all – in contrast to thetraditional reality of being rather a selectivesystem. Secondly there seems to be a col-lective and coordinative quality in the termSport for All i.e. giving all the non-toplevel-sport manifestations a new semantic andoperative coherence” (Palm 1991, 9-10).

He was an outstanding presenter and deliv-ered speeches at numerous conferencesaround the world. He also had a remarkabletalent of convincing people to follow hispaths. He achieved many of his goals be-cause he was authentic and there was con-gruence between his ideas and thoughts andhis own behaviour. He built bridgesbetween the “developed” and the “develop-ing” countries and was remarkably skilled

Posthumous Honor: Jürgen Palm Receives the Philip Noel-Baker Awardpresented by Prof. Dr. Gudrun Doll-Tepper, ICSSPE President

Wolfgang Baumann, Prof. Diane Jones-Palm, Prof. Gudrun Doll-Tepper



in speaking eight languages. He was a realcosmopolitan person.It was truly a privilege to work with him. Ihave many fond memories of Jürgen Palmand his wife Diane. On many occasions weworked as a team, together with other mem-bers of TAFISA, in particular SecretaryGeneral, Wolfgang Baumann. Jointly, wetook part in the TAFISA World Congresseson Sport for All and those held under theauspices of the International OlympicCommittee. We also attended many meet-ings of the World Health Organization inthe context of developing and implemeningthe Global Strategy on Diet, PhysicalActivity and Health.

Prof. Dr. Palm developed countless originalideas and initiatives, but he was also part ofmany networks. He was the founder andlong-term president of TAFISA and repre-sented that organisation on the ICSSPEAssociations’ Board. He was also activelyinvolved in the drafting of an InternationalCharter for Traditional Games and Sports incooperation with UNESCO and the Inter-governmental Council of Physical Edu-cation and Sport (CIGEPS).

For his achievements, he received manyawards, including the Dwight D. Eisen-hower Fitness Award and The Order of theFederal Republic of Germany.

The decision to award Prof. Dr. JürgenPalm posthumously with the Philip Noel-Baker Research Award was made by the2006 General Assembly of ICSSPE.The Award is given to sport scientists whohave significantly contributed to sport sci-ence at an international level and was estab-lished on the occasion of the 80th birthdayof ICSSPE’s first President, Lord PhilipNoel-Baker, Laureate of the Nobel Prize forPeace. Among its winners are some oftoday’s leading scientists in the areas ofsport science and physical education.Jürgen Palm’s place among them is welldeserved.

It was ICSSPE’s privilege and honour toaward the prize to Jürgen Palm, one of thegreat leaders and visionaries of today’sworld of sport, and a dear friend who willbe missed by many colleagues in ICSSPEand around the world.

Prof. Dr. Gudrun Doll-Tepper is professor of sport science at the Freie UniversitätBerlin, Germany. She has authored and co-authored over 350 publications in sport sci-ence, sport pedagogy, and adapted physical activity and sport for persons with a dis-ability. Dr. Doll-Tepper is President of the International Council of Sport Science andPhysical Education (ICSSPE and is Vice-President of the German Olympic SportConfederation (responsible for Education/Olympic Education). Dr. Doll-Tepper hasreceived numerous national and international distinguished awards for her outstand-ing contributions to sport. In 2005 she received a Doctor of Laws Honoris Causa fromthe Memorial University of Newfoundland.

du-giesallyr toevertedungd tomannge

m toalsoorts

gh-forthedo

pro-wasportateds toghtthe

tivecol-ermvel-and.

liv-ces

ablehisbe-on-andgesop-lled



GE

GE

GE

GEGEGE

GEGE

GE

GEGEGEGEGE

GE

GE

GEGE

GE

GEGEGEGE

GE

GEGE

GE

GE

GEGEGE

List of Participants

COUNTRY NAME ORGANISATION

ALBANIA Sula, Shpresa Ministry of Tourism, Culture, Youth and Sport

AUSTRALIA Dixon, Hon Brian Life Be in ItAZERBAIJAN Zabil, Ibayev National Olympic Com-

mitteeBELGIUM Dannemark, Emil International Federation of

Popular Sports (IVV)BELGIUM Nanbru, Jean-Paul ADEPSBOTSWANA Letsholo, Dr. Letsholo National Olympic Com-

mitteeCHINA Peng, Ding All-China Sports FederationCOLUMBIA Azuero, Dr. Oscar Corporación Deporte con

TodosCROATIA Dujmovic, Darko Croatian Sport for All

FederationCROATIA Ilic, Milan Croatian Sport for All

FederationCZECH REPUBLIC Safarikova, Simona Palacky UniversityDENMARK Kruse, Lars Danish Sport ConfederationESTONIA Einasto, Mart Sport for All EstoniaFINLAND Valta, Aleska Finnish Sport for All Asso-

ciationFRANCE Raynaud, Joel Comité National Olym-

pique et Sportif FrancaisGERMANY Anders, Prof. Dr. h.c. Georg German Institute for Sport

ScienceGERMANY Baumann, Conny Bayrischer Landes-Sport-

bundGERMANY Baumann, Wolfgang TAFISAGERMANY Becker, Uwe Department of Social Af-

fairs, Youth and Sport of theCity of Frankfurt/Main

GERMANY Benesch, Peter Sport Youth FrankfurtGERMANY Benthien, Marcus City of Frankfurt / MainGERMANY Bissinger, Dr. Dirk Deutsche Lebens-Rettungs-

Gesellschaft e.V. GERMANY Charrhor, Sawsan Special Advisor to the State

of Hesse on ImmigrationGERMANY Darmstadt, Dr. Rolf Commerzbank AGGERMANY Dinkel, Dominik Sportamt der Stadt StuttgardGERMANY Doll-Tepper. Prof. Gudrun International Council of

Sport, Science and PhysicalEducation (ICSSPE)



GERMANY Eser, Frank Land Sport Federation of Hesse

GERMANY Farkas, Amy International Paralympic Committee

GERMANY Fehres, Dr. Karin German Olympic Sports Confederation

GERMANY Flade, Bernd SG Sossenheim 1878 e.V.GERMANY Frischkorn, Roland Sportkreis FrankfurtGERMANY Fritzweiler, Dr. Jochen International Sports Law-

yers AssociationGERMANY Hess, Michael City of Frankfurt / MainGERMANY Hink, Willi German Football Associa-

tionGERMANY Höhn, Prof. Charlotte Federal Research Institute

for Population ResearchGERMANY Holze, Jan ENGSO YouthGERMANY Jennewein, Manfred Akido-Bund e.V. GERMANY Kapustin, Prof. Dr. Peter University of WürzburgGERMANY Keskinler, Gül ProjectSTARTGERMANY Klages, Andreas German Olympic Sports

ConfederationGERMANY Klatt, Ralf-Rainer Land Sport Federation of

Hesse GERMANY Kukowka, Dorothea Federal Ministry of the In-

teriorGERMANY Martel, Ingrid TAFISAGERMANY Moog, Friedrich-Wilhelm Federal Ministry of the

InteriorGERMANY Lami, Musa European Federation of

Company SportGERMANY Müller-Kindleben, Dr. Ute Frankfurter Turnverein 1860GERMANY Nagel, Helga City of Frankfurt am MainGERMANY Nehren, Werner VfL Goldstein 1953 e.V.GERMANY Pfeuffer, Peter Bavarian Land Sport Fe-

derationGERMANY Räcke, Lothar Ministry of the Interior and

Sport of HesseGERMANY Romahn, Carolina City of Frankfurt / MainGERMANY Schneeloch, Walter German Olympic Sports

ConfederationGERMANY Seefried, Simone German Olympic Sports

ConfederationGERMANY Seidel, Dr. Ilka Deutscher Sportlehrerver-

bandGERMANY Tockweiler, Michael Sport StadiaNet AGGERMANY Treukann, Klaus City of Frankfurt / MainGERMANY Tröger, Prof. Walther International Olympic Com-

mittee

t

of

tionn

tion

so-

sort

t-

f-the

gs-

taten

ard

ical



MA

MA

MA

MANENE

NE

NIGPOLPOLPOL

POL

RUSOUSW

SWSW

UNUNUN

UN

GERMANY Trosien, Prof. Dr. Gerhard University of HeidelbergGERMANY Wilzek, Ernst Federal Ministry of the In-

teriorGERMANY Wullenweber, Hans-Peter German Gymnastic Feder-

ationGERMANY Zielinski, Prof. Dr. Heinz Ministry of the Interior and

Sport of HesseGREECE Karakassis, Dionysios Ministry of CultureHUNGARY Földesi, Dr. Gyöngyi Szabó National Sport for All

AssociationHUNGARY Nagy, Joseph National Sport for All As-

sociationIRAN Nasab, Seyedeh International Zurkhaneh

Maryam, Mousavi Sports Federation, NationalOlympic & Paralympic Academy

IRAN Sadjadi, Abdullah Seeyed International Zurkhaneh Sports Federation, NationalOlympic & Paralympic Academy

IRAN Zadeh, Mehrali Mohsen International Zurkhaneh Sports Federation, NationalOlympic & Paralympic Academy

ISRAEL Gavriel, Golan Israel Sport for All Associ-ation

ISRAEL Weiser, Yaqov Israel Sport for All Associ-ation

ITALY Adami, Paolo Federazione Italiana Aero-bica e Fitness

ITALY Rodriguez, Maria-Emilia Federazione Italiana Aero-bica e Fitness

JAPAN Kenichi, Morita TAFISA JapanJAPAN Yamaguchi, Prof Yasuo Kobe UniversityJORDAN Abdulkader, Yaser Jordanian Sport for All

FederationJORDAN Abu-Rassa, Shaher Jordanian Sport for All

FederationKENIA Wangare-Greiner, Virginia MAISHA e. V.LATVIA Gorbatenkova, Galina Latvian Sport for All Asso-

ciationLATVIA Gorbatenkova, Katrina Latvian Sport for All Asso-

ciationLATVIA Paskevica, Agita Latvian Sport AdministrationLIECHTENSTEIN Hermann, Alex National Olympic CommitteeLITHUANIA Kepenis, Dainius Lithuanian Health UnionMACAO Chau, Chee Hou Macao Sport Development

Board



MACAO Vong, Iao Lek Macao Sport Development Board

MACAO Iao, Nim Man Macao Sport Development Board

MACEDONIA Ileivski, Goce Citizens Association for Recreations Movement - GARD

MALAYSIA Singh Sekhon, Sarjit MARFIMANETHERLANDS Florijn, Wim TAFISANETHERLANDS van Montfort, Willem Netherlands Institute for

Sport and Physial Activity (NISB)

NETHERLANDS Westerhof, Willie Netherlands Institute for Sport and Physial Activity (NISB)

NIGERIA Akindutire, Prof. I.O. University of Ado-EkitiPOLAND Guentzel, Elzbieta TKKFPOLAND Suska, Dr. Ewa Ministry of SportPOLAND Kosiewicz, Prof. Jerzy University of Physical Edu-

cationPOLAND Bialas, Zbigniew Department of Sport and

Culture City of LesznoRUSSIA Ratner, Alexander Russian Olympic CommitteeSOUTH AFRICA Goslin, Prof. Anneliese University of PretoriaSWEDEN Elisason, Eva Swedish Sport Confedera-

tionSWEDEN Sevelius, Bengt ENGSOSWITZERLAND Noirat, Dr. Roland Federation Internationale

de Chiropractique du SportUNITED KINGDOM Amara, Prof. Mahfoud Loughborough UniversityUNITED KINGDOM Henry, Prof. Ian Loughborough UniversityUNITED STATES Kluka, Prof. Darlene Global Centre of

Social Change, Kennesaw UNITED STATES Jones-Palm, Prof. Diane University of Maryland

gIn-

er-

and

s-

onal

onal

onal

ci-

ci-

ro-

ro-

so-

so-

tionttee

nent



The

Theare quepromoSpoma

cannersare projare bers

Theourdingmemare • th• th• th• th

The

As nal of SOnedemnenthinly wof oandestaexisin Lvisiregiof T

To havto o

Only 50 years ago a new wave in the deve-lopment of modern sport began its success-ful course around the world. From thesecond half of the 20th century the sportdevelopment besides the established elitesport grew into an additional and globallyextending branch called Sport for All.

Sport for All programs have developed allover the world to give everybody access tosport. Inclusion, in contrast to competition, hasbeen the key word for this movement. Itsconcept is an open and inclusive strategywhere everybody can participate: from theyoung to the very old, regardless sex, race,culture and economic conditions. The sportsystem thus has adapted to the challengesand changes of contemporary life styles.More than one billion participants are esti-mated in Sport for All today and the figuresare increasing.

What does this mean to us as national lea-ders of Sport for All in our countries? Whatshould be the focus of our work? Indeed, itis time to find out what our current status is!

I would like to start with our successes andthen point out some of the major challengeswe have to meet. Five keywords are impor-tant in our success: growth, recognition,programs and regionalization.

The first keyword is Growth:

Indeed, the Sport for All movement is gro-wing constantly. And this is not only reflec-ted by the growing number of participantsbut also by the increasing number andvariety of Sport for All organizations which

have been founded over the last decade.TAFISA has accepted primarily those insti-tutions which in the respective countries areresponsible for national Sport for All pro-grams. We did not insist to have only thesport federations or only government-orien-ted institutions. We took those organiza-tions doing these jobs. That was the rightdecision. We have as members for exampleNOCs and special recreation sport organi-zations, there are ministries and sport fede-rations, sport councils and academic institu-tions. More than 150 different organizationsfrom 110 countries from all continents atpresent. This diversity in the structure is ourstrength.

The second keyword is Recognition:

Sport for all as represented by our organiza-tions is well respected in the world of inter-national organizations in the fields of cultu-re, public health and sciences. We are notthe academics but the practitioners. Themajor reason for this is that we are conside-red to have a very practical and realisticapproach to apply Sport for All programs.As a result TAFISA has signed a “Memo-randum of Understanding” with the WHOrecently in order to offer the TAFISA net-work for the practical application of theWHO “Global Strategy on Diet, PhysicalActivity and Health” has been granted a pri-vileged membership in CIGEPS, therespective UNESCO branch for physicalactivity and traditional sport cultures isrecognized by ICSSPE as a leading interna-tional Sport for All organization is official-ly acknowledged by the InternationalOlympic Committee.

Letter of the Secretary General Wolfgang BaumannTAFISA Secretary GeneralFrankfurt/Main, Germany



The third keyword is Programs:

There can be no doubt; practical programsare the strong points of our work. The uni-que selling point of our organizations andprograms belong to our outstanding andmost characteristic features. Sport for All programsmake us visible in the public

can be the focus for cooperation with part-ners like WHO, UNESCO and ICSSPEare an excellent platform for sponsorship ofprojectsare a special service expected by the mem-bers

The dominance of Sport for All programs inour work can be documented by the fin-dings of a TAFISA survey amongst ourmembers. As a result the following trendsare very obvious:• the return to traditional games• the return to simplicity • the return to public spaces• the return to low or no cost concepts

The fourth keyword is Regionalization:

As mentioned before we have to face regio-nal differences concerning the developmentof Sport for All in our member countries.One of the answers to cope with regionaldemands is the development of sub conti-nental or regional TAFISA structures. “Tothink globally and act regionally” obvious-ly will be a decisive aspect for the successof our future work. With ASFAA for Asiaand Oceania and ESFAN for Europe nowestablished, two regional TAFISA bodiesexist. There are other initiatives underwayin Latin America. In the long run it is ourvision to have a globe-spanning network ofregional TAFISA bodies under the umbrellaof TAFISA.

To conclude, we can be proud on what wehave achieved! Over the last decades, dueto our joint efforts, Sport for All has grown

into one of the most conspicuous phenome-na. But there are challenges waiting for us.

Our goal of “Sport for All” hangs still highabove our heads. It is a very ambitious taskwe have given ourselves. Maybe we shouldchange our goal from “Sport for All” to“Sport for the Majority” to make it morerealistic and feasible.

Again I would like to put forward five key-words for special consideration in our futu-re work: strategy, physical activity, leaders-hip education and social capital.

The first keyword is Strategy:

Indeed we have to be prepared to be openfor new demands and ready to cope with thecontemporary challenges. What does thismean precisely for our strategy? Let megive you four aspects for our work:

1. Flexibility

We have to accept that there is a steadychange of social, political and economicconditions around us which we have toadapt to. Sport for All cannot be seen iso-lated – it is strongly dependent on thesechanges and thus needs the flexibility toreact appropriately. This might include togive up old habits which we have got usedto but do not work anymore and be openfor new approaches and strategies.

2. Networking

We need a regular exchange of experi-ences and knowledge in Sport for All.Double work has to be avoided since it isnot economical, especially under the lim-ited financial conditions most of us areworking in. A systematic transfer of knowledge between us should be the target. What has been developed successful-ly in one country should be available toall. A new solidarity in Sport for All is

ade.sti-are

pro-theen-iza-ght

mpleani-de-itu-onss atour

iza-ter-ltu-not

Thede-sticms.mo-HOnet-theicalpri-theical is

rna-ial-nal



• im• lif• in• pr• de• co

Arefutubal eveSpocopsamses.in mwor

It isbe thastogeworan real

WSBSDSOoHSnw

what we need. For this reason TAFISAoffers its relaunched website Tafisa.netwhere we have created a “Market Place”which is designed to serve as a new ex-change platform. And, in addition, weneed opportunities where we meet face toface. The recent ASFAA Congress in Manila was a fine example to get to knoweach other and establish partnerships.

3. Learning Organization

My third catch word can be described asthe “learning organization”. This not onlyrefers to us as individuals but also to ourorganization as such. We have to acceptthat our knowledge doubles every twoyears. Moreover, it can be proved that theknow-how we need for our daily work andfor decision-making becomes obsoleteafter 5 years. Therefore, we have to edu-cate ourselves constantly especially byusing the modern information technologyand by taking opportunities for profes-sional development.

4. Consumer Relations Management

“Consumer Relations Management” is aterm widely used in the business world. Itis connected to our work because the suc-cess of our work is measured by the reac-tion of our target groups. To satisfy themand not ourselves should be our utmostaim. This for instance includes the ques-tions “Who are the consumers?” and “What are their demands?”. If you do notknow the answers to these questions it isextremely difficult to offer the servicesthey are expecting.

The second keyword is LeadershipEducation:One of the most frequent questions put for-ward to TAFISA refers to the demand ofeducational schemes for the training ofSport for All leaders. Biannual congresses

are not enough. The new approach dealswith the transfer of knowledge beyond thenational level to regional level leaders.There seems to be a lack of adequate pro-grams on a regional level incorporating thespecific skills and competences required inSport for All. One of TAFISA’s answers isthe development of “TAFISA CertifiedLeadership Courses” addressing the needsof regional representatives which are alrea-dy in leading positions in Sport for All orare assumed to reach those positions in thefuture. Four courses are planned for thisyear in Lagos, Nigeria; Tehran, Iran;Warsaw, Poland and Macao.

The third keyword is Physical Activity asa key component of Sport for All:

There are subtle differences between theterms sport and physical activity. The termsport is used in many countries world wideto refer to professional or competitive acti-vities. Our focus at TAFISA recognizes thatphysical activity is a key element in the truedefinition of Sport for All. Physical activity involves the promotion ofthe idea that all people should move theirbody at least 30 minutes a day, to walk, bikeand to keep the body exercising in worktransportation and leisure. That is the basisof Sport for All. And it is directed to billionsof people. That is why TAFISA has becomea partner of the World Health Organizationand its Global Strategy on Diet, PhysicalActivity and Health.

Our fourth keyword is Social Capital:

When talking about the benefits of Sport forAll our perspective usually is the individu-al. But we should equally document theadvantages Sport for All has for the societyas such. Indeed, the social benefits of Sportfor All for the well being of a society aretremendous. This magazine documentsmany of the advantages of how Sport forAll generates social capital:



• improvement of health• life quality for the elderly• integration of excluded social groups• provision of new jobs• decrease of violence• counterpart to virtual reality

Are prepared to meet the contemporary andfuture challenges in Sport for All on a glo-bal level? My answer is a clear yes! How-ever, we have to accept that the system ofSport for All must be open for changes tocope with the new challenges. But at thesame time we are comforted by our succes-ses. Obviously, we cannot lean back – andin many ways we still have to do pioneerwork!

It is my personal belief that this century willbe the century of Sport for All. Sport for Allhas a huge potential of giving health, joy,togetherness and understanding which theworld needs. Let us continue step by step inan act of special solidarity to make this areality!

Wolfgang Baumann graduated in Sports Economics, SportsScience and English Language at the Universities of Bonn,Bayreuth and Stirling (Scotland). As the elected TAFISASecretary General he now works fulltime as the ExecutiveDirector of the TAFISA Office in Frankfurt/Germany. He is aSpecial Advisor for Sport for All International of the GermanOlympic Sport Federation (DOSB) and is the former Executive Director Sport for Allof the DOSB and the Sport Marketing Agency Deutsche Sport Partner GmbH. His main working areas are marketing of Sport for All and comparative studies ofSport for All internationally. He has contributed to and developed international andnational Sport for All programs and campaigns and consulted and made presentationsworldwide.

ealstheers.pro-the

d ins isfiededsrea-l orthethisran;

y as

theerm

widecti-thattrue

n ofheirbikeorkasisons

ometionical

:

fordu-the

ietyportare

entsfor


ALBANATIMr StRcugaphonestavrihttp://

FEDEMinisB. Dëphone

MINIDirecRrugaphonerisial8

AUSTÖSTEDr WaPrinz-phonew.pillhttp://

ÖSTEMr GFalkephonea.elenhttp://

BELGA.D.EMrs MBoulephonemuriehttp://

BULGBULGProf. Vasil phonenicola

CROCROMr PrTrg Kphonehssr@http://

CYPRCYPRMrs EP.O.Bphoneemouhttp://

DENMDANIMr ToIdroetphonetfj@dhttp://

Lis


Upcoming Events 2007:

Conference on National Physical FitnessJuly 3 – 7 Macao

World Walking Day October

20th TAFISA World CongressSeptember 25 – 30 Buenos Aires, Argentina

TAFISA Certified Leadership Courses • Warsaw / Poland - November

(to be confirmed)• Lagos / Nigeria - August (to be confirmed)• Tehran / Iran - August 27 - September 2

2nd TAFISA World ForumNovember 16 - 18Riga, Latvia


TAFISA Certified Leadership CourseMacau January 13 - 19

2nd TAFISA WorkshopFebruary 11 - 12Helsinki, Finland

International Challenge DayMay 28

International Convention on Science,Education and Medicine (ICSEMIS)August 1 – 5 Guangzhou, China

1st ESFAN ConferenceMay 30 – 31Bordaux, France

TAFISA World Festival of TraditionalSportsinclusive ASFAA CongressSeptember 26 - October 2 Busan, Korea

World Walking DayOctober

IOC Sport for All CongressKuala Lumpur, MalaysiaNovember


European Festival of Traditional SportsBordeaux, France

21st TAFISA World CongressTaipei, Chinese Taipei



EUROPE

ALBANIANATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE OF ALBANIAMr Stavri BELLO, Sec. Gen.Rcuga:"Dervish Hima" No 31 TIRANAphone 00355.42.35249 00355.42.40602 – fax [email protected] / [email protected]://www.nocalbania.org.al

FEDERATION ALBANAISE DU SPORT POUR TOUSMinistère de la Culture, de la Jeunesse et des Sports B. Dëshmorët e Kombit TIRANAphone 00355.42.23682/23206 – fax 00355.42.3248.8

MINISTRY OF TOURISM, CULTURE YOUTH AND SPORTSDirectorate of SportRruga e Durresit No 27 - TIRANAphone [email protected]

AUSTRIAÖSTERREICHISCHE BUNDES-SPORTORGANISATIONDr Walter PILLWEINPrinz-Eugen-Strasse 12 - 1040 WIENphone 0043.1.5044.4551.2 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]://www.bso.or.at

ÖSTERREICHISCHER BETRIEBSSPORTVERBANDMr Gernot UHLIRFalkestrasse 1 - 1010 WIENphone 0043.1.513.7714 – fax [email protected]://www.betriebssport.at

BELGIUMA.D.E.P.S.Mrs Muriel COPPEJANS; Mr Jean-Paul NANBRUBoulevard Léopold II, 44 - 1080 BRUXELLESphone 0032.2.4132.902; 0032.2.4132.903 – fax [email protected]://www.adeps.be

BULGARIABULGARIAN SPORT FOR ALL ASSOCIATIONProf. Dr. Nikolas HADJIEVVasil Levski Str 75 - 1040 SOFIAphone 00359.2.9872.982 – fax [email protected]

CROATIACROATIAN ASSOCIATION "SPORT FOR ALL"Mr Prof Dr Vladimir FINDAKTrg K. Cosica 11 - HR - 10000 ZAGREBphone 00385.1.3020.555 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]://www.hssr.hr

CYPRUSCYPRUS SPORTS ORGANISATIONMrs Efi MOUZOUROU-PENINTAEXP.O.BOX : 24804 - 1304 NICOSIAphone 00357.2.289.7000 – fax [email protected]://www.koa.org.cy

DENMARKDANISH SPORT CONFEDERATIONMr Torben Freij JENSENIdroettens Hus, Brondby Stadiom 20 - 2605 BRONDBY 20phone 0045.43.2620.35 – fax [email protected]://www.dif.dk

ESTONIAESTONIAN SPORT FOR ALL FEDERATIONMr Peeter LUSMÄGIPivita tee 12 - 10127 TALLINphone 00372.5119.152 – fax [email protected]

FINLANDFINNISH SPORT FOR ALL ASSOCIATIONMr Jorma SAVOLAArabianranta 6 - 00560 HELSINKIphone 00358.40.5051.866 – fax [email protected]://www.kunto.fi

FRANCENATIONAL OLYMPIC AND SPORT COMMITTEEMr Joël RAYNAUDc/o Aquitaine Sport Pour Tous - Complexe de la Piscine - Route deLéognan - F - 33140 VILLENAVE D'ORNONphone 0033.5.5669.380 – fax [email protected]

ASSOCIATION AQUITAINE SPORT POUR TOUSMrs Odette DUVERNEUILComplexe de la Piscine - Route de Léognan -F - 33140 VILLENAVE D'ORNONphone 0033.5.5675.9030 – fax [email protected]

GEORGIAGeorgian School of KnightsMr Murtaz MNATOBISHVILI49 Chavchavadze Ave. - TBILISI 380062phone 00995.88.3223.5007 - fax 00995.56.5002.33

GERMANYDEUTSCHER TURNERBUNDMrs Pia PAULYOtto-Fleck-Schneise 860528 FRANKFURT AM MAINphone 0049.69.6780.10 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]

DEUTSCHER OLYMPISCHER SPORTBUNDMrs Dr Karin FEHRESOtto-Fleck-Schneise 12 - 60528 FRANKFURT AM MAINphone 0049.69.6700.225 – fax [email protected]://www.dosb.de

GREECEMINISTRY OF CULTUREMr Dionisios KARAKASSISGeneral Directorate of Sports - Kifisias Ave 7, TK 11523 ATHENS0030.210.6496.085 – fax [email protected]

HELLENIC OLYMPIC COMMITTEEMr Dionyssis GANGAS; Mrs Maria LIAKOPOULOU52, Dimiyrios Vikelas Ar - 15233 ATHENSphone 0030.210.6878.729 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]://www.hoc.gr

HUNGARYHUNGARIAN LEISURE SPORTS ASSOCIATIONMr Peter SALGAIstvánmezei út 1 - 3 - House of Hungarian Sport - 1146 BUDAPESTphone 0036.1.4606.815 & 16 – [email protected]; [email protected]://www.directinfo.hu/masport

List of TAFISA Members

l

rts



SWESWEMr LaIDROphonelars.alhttp://

UKRMINIMrs VDeparEsplaphonevispor

ANGMINIMs FeC.P. 5phonesoftec

BURUMINISECOMr JeBUREBP 26phone

CAMMINIMr JeServicBP 00phone

CONCONMr An210, AphoneCNSP

DJIBASSOMr MP.O. B00253medis

EGYPMINI26 Julphone

ETHIMINIDeparP.O. Bphonemysct

GABOASSOMlle YBP 16phone

GREESECRMr AmCP 31phone

ICELANDNATIONAL OLYMPIC AND SPORTS ASSOCIATION OF ICELANDMr Jona Hildur BJARNADOTTIRHead of a department Sport for AllNational Sport Center - Engjavegur 6 - 104 REYKJAVIKphone 00354.5144.000 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]://www.isisport.is

ITALYFEDERAZIONE ITALIANA AEROBICA & FITNESS (FIAF)Mr Paolo A. ADAMIP.O.Box 6284 - I - 00195 ROMAphone 0039.06.3735.2328 – fax [email protected]://www.fiaf.it

ITALYUNIONE ITALIANA SPORT PER TUTTIMr Carlo Balestri; Mr Filippo FOSSATILargo Nino Franchellucci 73 - 00155 ROMAphone 0039.05.1236.634; 0039.06.4398.4307 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]://www.uisp.it

LATVIALATVIAN TRADE SPORT ASSOCIATION (LTSA)Mrs Galina GORBATENKOVAValnu St 32 - 513 - RIGA, LV 1050phone 00371.7226.215 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]://www.sportsvisiem.lv

LATVIAN SPORTS ADMINISTRATIONMrs Iveta DUNDURE; Mr Martins KAMPEInternational Relations Department - Marijas Str 13/1 - LV- 1050 RIGAphone 00371.7114.779; 00371.7114.774 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]://www.sp.gov.lv

LIECHTENSTEINLIECHTENSTEINISCHER OLYMPISCHER – SPORTVERBANDMr Alex HERMANNIm Rietacker 4 - FL - 9494 SCHAANphone 00423.2323.757 – fax [email protected]://www.losv.li

LITHUANIALITHUANIAN SPORT FOR ALL – ASSOCIATIONMr Jonas LIAUCIUSZemaites 6 - 2675 VILNIUSphone 370.2.661255 – [email protected]

MACEDONIACITIZEN’S ASSOCIATION FOR RECREATION MOVEMENT GARDMr Goce ILIEVSKINaroden Front 23 / 1-2 - 1000 SKOPJEphone 00389 (02) 3213.199 – fax 00389 (02) [email protected]

NETHERLANDSTHE NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR PHYSICALACTIVITIES (NISB)Mr Remco BOERP.O. Box 64 - 6720 AB Bennekomphone 0031.318.4909.00 – fax [email protected]://www.nisb.nl

NORWAYNORGES IDRETTSFORBUNDHauger Skolevei 1 - 1351 RUDphone 004.7671.5460.0 – fax [email protected]://www.nif.idrett.no

POLANDPOLISH NATIONAL SPORT FOR ALL FEDERATIONMr Mieczyslaw BOROWY; Mr Jerzy POTENTASul. Wspolna 61 - 00-687 WARSAWphone [email protected]://www.federaja.com.pl

MINISTRY OF SPORTMrs Dr Ewa SUSKASenatorska str. 14 - 00-082 WARSAWphone 0048.22.2443.112 – fax [email protected]://www.msport.gov.pl

PORTUGALINSTITUTO DO DESPORTO DE PORTUGALMr Luis Bettencourt SARDINHAAvenida Infante Santo, No 76 - 1399 - 032 LISBOAphone 00351.213.9532.71 – fax [email protected]://www.idesporto.pt

ASSOCIACAO DE JOGOS POPULARES DO DISTRITO DE BRACANÇAMr Antonio Manuel FERNANDESRua José Saramago Lote 132 - Vale Churido - 5300 - 396 BRAGANÇAphone 00351.2733.3187.8; 00351.2733.1296.6 – fax [email protected]

Mr José PIRES VEIGAASSOCIACAO DE JOGOS TRADICIONAIS GUARDALargo do Torreao N° 4 - P 6300 GUARDA

ROMANIAROMANIAN FEDERATION SPORT FOR ALLMrs Aurelia SUCIU; Mrs Aurelia Magdalena ANTONESCU16, Vasile Conta Str. - Sector 2 - 7000 BUCARESTphone 0040.317.1328 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]

RUSSIAASSOCIATION NARODNY SPORT PARKDr. Vladimir A. ORLOV18 Kazakova St. - MOSCOU 103064phone 007.095.261.62.83 – fax 007.095.261.62.83

COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATIONFOR PHYSICAL CULTUREMr Valery SYSOEVLugheska 8 - MOSCOU

SLOVAK REPUBLICSLOVAK SPORT FOR ALL ASSOCIATIONMr Jan HOLKOJunácka 6 - 832 80 BRATISLAVAphone 00421.2.4924.9229 – fax [email protected]

MINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMrs Lydia BABIAKOVASection of State Care on SportStromová 1 - 813 30 BRATISLAVAphone 00421.2.5923.8205 – fax [email protected]://www.minedu.sk

SLOVENIASPORTNA UNIJA SLOVENIJETabor 14 - 1000 LJUBLIJANAphone 00386.1.2311.728 – fax [email protected]://www.sportna-unija.si

SPAINCONSEJO SUPERIOR DE DEPORTESCalle Martin Fierro - SP - 28040 MADRIDphone 34.1.243.5614/499.7200



SWEDENSWEDISH SPORTS CONFEDERATIONMr Lars ALLERTIDROTTENS HUS - 11473 STOCKHOLMphone 0046.8.6996.077 – fax [email protected]://www.rf.se

UKRAINEMINISTRY OF UKRAINE FOR FAMILY, YOUTH AND SPORTSMrs Viktoriya VESSELOVADepartment of international Cooperation and European IntegrationEsplanadna Str. 42 - Kiev 01023phone 0038.044.2890.287 – fax [email protected]

AFRICA

ANGOLAMINISTERIO DA JUVENTUDE E DOS DESPORTOSMs Fernanda MENEZESC.P. 5466 - LUANDAphone 00244.2.3230.90 – fax [email protected]

BURUNDIMINISTERE DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT-PRIMAIRE ETSECONDAIREMr Jean GASUKUBUREAU D'EDUCATION RURALEBP 2660 - BUJUMBURAphone 00226.22.2631 – fax 00226.22.2631

CAMEROONMINISTERE DE LA JEUNESSE ET DES SPORTSMr Jean MAMA MBOA ESPERATService des APSPTBP 001 - YOUNDE / MESSAphone 00237.22.0247 – fax 00237.23.2610

CONGOCONSEIL NATIONAL DU SPORT POUR TOUSMr Andre Mabita ANDIMBOZA210, Av de L'enseignement - KIN-KASA-KUBUphone 00243.99.8113.833; 00243.99.8135.185 – fax [email protected]

DJIBOUTIASSOCIATION DJIBOUTIENNE DE SPORT POUR TOUSMr Mohamed Issa AWALEHP.O. Box 1760 - [email protected]

EGYPTMINISTRY OF YOUTH – SPORT FOR ALL DEPARTMENT26 July St. MEET OKBA - GIZA - CAIROphone 0020.2.3465.025 – fax 0020.2.3469.025

ETHIOPIAMINISTRY OF YOUTH AND SPORTS AND CULTUREDepartment Head of Sports for All and Culture SportsP.O. Box 1907 - ADDIS ABABAphone 00251.11.5154.224; 00251.11.5505.133 – fax 00251.11.5133.45 [email protected]

GABONASSOCIATION NATIONALE DU SPORT POUR TOUS GABONMlle Yolande BIKEBP 1601 - LIBREVILLEphone 00241.7393.37

GREEN CAPESECRETARIA DE ESTADO - DA JUVENTUDE E DESPORTOSMr Américo NASCIMENTOCP 317 - PRAIAphone 00238.6120.79 – fax 00238.6122.25

IVORY COASTUNION IVOIRIENNE SPORT POUR TOUSMr Henri DOUE TAI22 BP 818 abidjan 18phone 00225.22.4302.15 ; 00225.05.6997.87; [email protected]

MALEDIVESMALEDIVES OLYMPIC COMMITTEEMr Zahir NASEERMaléphone 00960.3322.443 – fax [email protected]://www.themaledives.com

MOZAMBIQUEMINISTRY OF CULTURE YOUTH AND SPORT - SPORTS FORALL DEPARMENTMr Jonas J. XERINDAP.O. Box 2080 - ATERRO DO MAXAQUENE - MAPUTOphone 00258.4311.75 – fax 00258.4234.73

NIGERIASPORTS FOR ALL NIGERIAMrs Comfort NWANKWONational Stadium - P.O Box 7583 - Surulere, LAGOSphone 00234.1.7904.074; 00234.1.5850.529 – fax [email protected]

SENEGALMINISTERE DES SPORTSMonsieur le Directeur58, rue Carnott BP 4019 - DAKARphone 00221.822.4621 – fax 00221.822.4831http://www.sports.gouv.sn

FEDERATION SENEGALAISE DE SPORT POUR TOUSMr Ismaïla FAYEBP 5845 - DAKAR FANNphone 00221.8274.474 – fax [email protected]

SOUTH AFRICARECREATION SOUTH AFRICADr Anneliese GOSLINP.O. BOX 35397 - Menlopark - PRETORIA 0102phone 0027.12.4206.043 – fax [email protected]://www.up.ac.za

RECREATION SOUTH AFRICAc/o Prof Paul Singh - P.O. BOX 2832 - Halfway HouseMIDRAND [email protected]

TANZANIANATIONAL SPORTS COUNCIL OF TANZANIAMr Leonard THADEO Kilwa / Mandela Rd.P.O.Box 20116 - DAR ES SALAAMphone 00255.22.2850.341 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]://www.tanzaniasports.com

NATIONAL SPORTS COUNCIL OF TANZANIAMr Peter C. KIJENITextile House - P.O. Box 2182 - Morogoro Road Market Street - DAR ES SALAAMphone 00255.8512.4195

TUNISIAASSOCIATION TUNISIENNE SPORT POUR TOUSMrs Noura OUERFELLIP.O. Box 1489 - TUNIS RP 1000phone 00216.71.2828.63; 00216.89.5211.93 – fax [email protected]

NÇA748.0



BANGTRIMMrs Nc/o Phphonenipa6

BRUNFACUBRUNMr ChBSB 3phonefacshbhttp://

CHINCHINMr Tu9, Tiyphonetuminhttp://

ALLMr Fe5, Tiyphonetjz@shttp://

HONLEISMr SIHeadqphoneyksiuhttp://

HON25 Yuphonewebmhttp://

INDISPORMr. A119/1phoneaksaa

ALLDr. AnE/13-anita-

INDOMINIMr SuJin. JeJAKAphone

IRANIRAN44, 12phonenocirihttp://

INTEEnghephonezurkh

UGANDAASSOCIATION FOR HEALTH AND FITNESS THRU - SPORT,GAMES AND DANCES FOR ALLMr Era N.B. MUGISAMAKERERE UNIVERSITY - PO BOX 7062 - KAMPALAphone 00256.4155.4387 – fax 00256.41.5304.12

ZAMBIANATIONAL SPORTS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIAMr Maxwell D. SICHULAPlot 5488 - Msanzara Road - Kalunda - PO Box 32597 - LUSAKAphone 00260.1.4454.0 – fax [email protected]

ZIMBABWESPORT AND RECREATION COMMISSIONMr G. CHISVOPRIVATE BAG BE 108 - BELVEDERE - HARAREphone 00263.4.2396.6 – fax 00263.4.2396.0http://www.zimsport.org.zw

AMERICAS

ANGUILLAGOVERNMENT OF ANGUILLA - DIVISION OF SPORTSMr Alkins A. ROGERSP.O. Box 60 - THE VALLEYphone 00264.497.5214 – fax [email protected]

ARGENTINAAsociacion Mutual del Deporte de la Republica Argentina (AMUDERA)Prof Rodolfo Natalio VALGONIAv. Comodoro Rivadavia 1350 - 1429 Capital Federalphone 0054.11.4704.7557 – fax [email protected]://www.amudera.com.ar

BERMUDAMINISTRY OF YOUTH, SPORT AND RECREATIONMrs Brenda DALEP.O. Box DD 300 - ST DAVID'S - HAMILTON DD BXphone 0014.4.1295.0855 – fax [email protected]

BOLIVIASECRETARIAT OF SPORTS AND HEALTHProfesor Lucio CLAROS QUIROGASria. Gral. El Deporte y la Juventud - La Paz

BRAZILSESC - Serviço Social do ComércioMrs Maria Luiza de SOUZA DIASAv Alvaro Ramos 991 - 03331-000 Sao Paulophone 0055.11.6607.8118 – fax [email protected]://www.sescsp.org.br

Prof. Dr Lamartine P. DA COSTARua Corcovado 57/302 - CEP : 22460 - 050 - RIO DE JANEIRO, RJphone 0055.21.294.8352 – fax [email protected]

CANADAPARTICIPactionMr Russ KISBY40, Dundas street West - Suite 220 - Box 64 - TORONTO, ONTARIO M1W 1X4phone 001.416.9541.212 – fax [email protected]

CHILECOMITE OLIMPICO DE CHILEMr Juan Carlos Cardenos GUEUDINOTAv.Vicuna Mackenna No 44 - SANTIAGOphone 0056.2.2226.428 – fax [email protected]://www.coch.cl

COLOMBIACORPORACION DEPORTE CON TODOSDr Oscar AZUERO-RUIZCra 4a N°22-61 - U. Jorge Tadeo Tozano - SANTAFE DE BOGOTAphone 0057.1.2842.978; 0057.1.3341.777 – fax [email protected]

ECUADORProyecto Cultura FisicaDr Werner SILBERSTEINCND, Gaspar de Villarroel - 1456 y Japon - QUITO

EL SALVADORINSTITUTO NACIONAL DE LOS DEPORTES - DE EL SALVADORMr Enrique MOLINS RUBIOP.O. BOX N°1859 - PALACIO DE LOS DEPORTES - SAN SALVADORphone 00503.71.3486 – fax 00503.71.5681

GUATEMALAMINISTERIO DE CULTURA Y DEPORTESMr Edgar DELADAPalacio National de la Cultura6a. Calle y 6a. Avenida, zona 1 - Ciudad de GUATEMALAphone 00502.2.2510.818 – fax 00502.2.3134.58

SAO TOMÉ E PRINCIPEMINISTRO DOS ASSUNTOS SOCIAISMr Joao do SACRAMENTO BONFIMCP 23phone 00239.2.2290

ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINESAMATEUR ATHLETIC ASSOCIATIONMr Keith JOSEPHP.O. BOX 1644 Olympic House - No 1 Kingston Park - ST VINCENTphone 007.844.571.954 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]

TRINIDAD W.I.Government of the Republic of Trinidad & TobagoMs. Pamela NICHOLSONMinister of Sport & Youth Affairs - 86, Duke Street - Port of Spain

URUGUAYCOMITE OLIMPICO URUGUAYODr Julio César MAGLIONECanelones 1044 - PO BOX 161 - MONTEVIDEOphone 00598.2.9207.81 – fax [email protected]

USATHE PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL ON PHYSICAL - FITNESS AND SPORTSMs. Mellissa JOHNSON200 Independence Avenue, SW - Hubert H. Humphrey Building -Room 738-H - WASHINGTON, D.C. 20201phone 001.202.6909.000 – fax 001.202.6905.211

INTERNATIONALER VOLKSSPORTVERBANDMrs Lynn CLARK15052 Kimberley Lane - HOUSTON, TX 77079phone 001.281.4931.915 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]://www.ivv.org

VENEZUELAINSTITUTO PANAMERICANO DE EDUCACION FISICADr. Antonio Borjas RomeroApartado 10079 - Estado Zulia - 61, MARACAIBOphone 0058.61.41.8777 – fax 0058.61.59.6397

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE DEPORTES - DEPORTE PARATODOS Prof. Robert MARTINEZ Avenida Teherán - Velódromo Teo Capriles, Sede del IND - CARACASphone [email protected]://www.ind.gob.ve



ASIA

BANGLADESHTRIM & FITNESS SPORT FOR ALL BANGLADESHMrs Nazma RASHID NIPAc/o Physical Education College - Mohammadpur - DHAKA - 1207phone 00880.2.3134.76 – fax [email protected]

BRUNEIFACULTY OF EDUCATION - UNIVERSITY OFBRUNEI DARUSSALAMMr Cheah SWEE MINGBSB 3186 - BRUNEI DARUSSALAMphone 00673.2.4270.01 – fax [email protected]://www.ubd.edu.bn

CHINACHINESE OLYMPIC COMMITTEEMr Tu MINGDE9, Tiyuguan Road - BEIJING, 100763phone 0086.10.6711.2233 – fax [email protected]://www.beijing-olympic.org.cn

ALL CHINA SPORTS FEDERATIONMr Feng JIANZHONG5, Tiyuguan Road - BEIJING, 100763phone 0086.10.6712.0624 – fax [email protected]://www.sport.gov.cn

HONG KONGLEISURE & CULTURAL SERVICES DEPARTMENTMr SIU Yau KwongHeadquarters - 1-3 Pai Tau Street, Sha Tin - HONG KONGphone 00852.2414.555 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]://www.lcsd.gov.hk

HONG KONG SPORTS INSTITUTE25 Yuen Wo Road, Sha Tin - New Territories - HONG KONGphone 00852.2681.6888 – fax [email protected]://www.hksi.org.hk

INDIASPORT FOR ALL ASSOCIATIONMr. A. K. SAHA119/1A. Harish Mukherjee Road (70026) CALCUTTAphone 0091.33.2455.8586 – fax [email protected]

ALL INDIA ASSOCCIATION OF SPORT FOR ALLDr. Anita GHOSHE/13-B Vijaynagar Delhi - [email protected]

INDONESIAMINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND CULTUREMr Sumarto SUDONOJin. Jendral Sudirman, Gedung E - Lantai 7, Senayan - JAKARTA 10270phone 0062.21.5725.506 – fax 0062.21.5725.043

IRANIRAN NATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE44, 12th Street Gandhi Avenue - 15178 TEHRANphone 0098.21.8779.136 – fax [email protected]://www.ir-iran-olympic.com

INTERNATIONAL ZURKHANEH SPORTS FEDERATIONEnghelab Sports Complex Niayesh Highway TEHRANphone 0098.21.2202.9200 – fax [email protected]

SPORT FOR ALL FEDERATIONMrs Mitra ROUHIEnghelab Sports Complex - Niayesh Highway - TEHRANphone: 0098.21.2202.9200 – fax: [email protected]

SPORT FOR ALL FEDERATIONMr. HOSSEINIEnghelab Sports Complex - Niayesh Highway - TEHRANphone 0098.21.2202.9200 – fax [email protected]

ISRAELISRAEL SPORT FOR ALL ASSOCIATIONMr Herzel HAGAY74 Menahem - Begin Road - TEL AVIV 67215phone 00972.3.5621.441 – fax [email protected]

JAPANTAFISA JAPANMr Joichi OKAZAKI; Mr Kenichi MORITAc/o International Devision - Japan Sports Association - Jinnan - SHIBUYA-KU - TOKYO 150-8050phone 0081.3.3481.2480 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]://www.japan-sports.or.jp

SASAKAWA SPORTS FOUNDATIONMr Kazunobu P. FUJIMOTOKaiyo Senpaku Building - 1-15-16 Toranomon - Minato-ku - 105-0001TOKYOphone 0081.3.3580.5854 – fax [email protected]

JORDANJORDAN SPORTS FOR ALL FEDERATIONMr Yaser J. ABEDLKADERP.O.Box 963400 - 11196 AMMANphone 00962.6.5627.060 – fax [email protected]

KOREASPORT FOR ALL BUSAN ASSOCIATIONDr Shang-Hi RHEE1127-37 Woo 2-Dong Haeundae-Gu BUSANphone 0082.51.731.2021 – fax [email protected]://www.sabs.or.kr

KOREA SPORT SCIENCE INSTITUTEProf Dr Ju Ho CHANGRaemian Bangbae Evernew 1005 - Bangbaedong 775-1, Seochku - SEOULphone 0082.2.5959.035 – fax [email protected]

THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF SPORT FOR ALLMr. Kang-Too LEE88 Bangyi-Dong - Songpa-Gu - SEOUL 138-749phone 0082.2.421.8217 – fax 0082.2.424.5709http://www.sportal.or.kr

KOREA AMATEUR SPORTS ASSOCIATIONMr Park SANG HAN°88 Bangyi-Dong - Song-Pa-Ku - SEOULphone 0082.420.33.33 – fax 0082.414.86.46

KUWAITP.A.Y.S.Mr Abdul MUTTALEB AHMADP.O. Box 29600 - SAFATphone 009.652.4108.51 – fax 009.652.4601.28

KUWAIT OLYMPIC COMMITTEEYousif JAWAD KHALAF S.PO Box 170 - SALYMA 22002phone 009.652.6354.34 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]

TA

DOR

ENT

n

A

ACAS



NEWSPORLevelphoneinfo@http://

PAPUPAPUSir JoP.O. Bphonepngsp

DEPRT. OF PE & SPORT - COLLEGE OF BASIC EDUCATIONDr. KHALIFA TALEB BEHBEHANIPO Box 33207 - Alrawda - ZOUK MOSBEHphone 009.652.5709.94 – fax 009.821.8379.74 [email protected]

LEBANONPROMOSPORTDr Labib BOUTROSMedawar Str. 13 - Furn el-Chebak - P.O.Box 116/5220 - BEIROUTphone 00961.1.3800.20

NOTRE DAME UNIVERSITYReverend Father Walid MOUSSAQuaize Lebanon - P.O.BOX. 72 Zouk Mikaelphone 00961.9.2187.72 – fax [email protected]://www.ndu.edu.lb

MACAOCIVIC AND MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS - BUREAU OFMACAO – SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONMr Lau SI LOAv Almeida Ribeiro - No 163- MACAOphone 00853.3993.238 – fax [email protected]://www.iacm.gov.mo

MACAU SPORT DEVELOPMENT BOARDMr. Vong IAO LEKP. O. Box 334 - Av Dr Rodrigo Rodrigues - Forum de Macau, Edif.Complementar, Bloco 1, 4 andar - MACAOphone 00853.5807.62 – fax [email protected]

MALAYSIAMARFIMAMr Sarjit B. SINGH15 Road 4 / 105 - TAMAN MIDAH - 56000 KUALA LUMPURphone 0060.3.9171.9924 – fax [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

MAURITIUSMAURITIUS SPORTS COUNCILMr Mahen PURBHOOManaging Secretary - Royal Road - BELLE ROSEphone 00230.454.1009 – fax [email protected]://www.mauritiussportscouncil.com

NEPALNEPAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEER.B. SINGHP.O. Box 11455 KATHMANDUphone 00977.1.3737.66 – fax [email protected]; [email protected] http://www.nocnepal.org.np

PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINE SPORT FOR ALL ASSOCIATIONMrs. Prof. Dr. Josefina BAUZONSuite 801 Fil Garcia Tower - Kalayaan AvenueQUEZON CITYphone 0065.6345.7111 – fax [email protected]

SINGAPORESINGAPORE SPORTS COUNCILMr Michael CHANHigh Participetion Division - 15 Stadium Road - National Stadium -SINGAPORE 397718phone 0065.6345.7111 – fax [email protected]://www.ssc.gov.sg

SYRIASYRIAN OLYMPIC COMMITTEEMr Samih MOUDALLALP.O.Box 3375 - Avenue Baramke Damas - DAMASCUSphone 00963.11.212.5026 – fax [email protected]

SYRIAN OLYMPIC COMMITTEEMr Samih MOUDALLALP.O.Box 3375 - DAMASCUSphone 00963.11.212.3346

CHINESE TAIPEICHINESE TAIPEI OLYMPIC COMMITTEEDr Thomas TA-CHOU HUANGNogo, Chu-Lun Street - TAIPEI CITY, TAIWANphone 00886.2.2752.1442 – fax [email protected]

THAILANDSPORT FOR ALL ASSOCIATION THAILANDMr Prasert CHAMKRACHANG1546 Pattanakarn Road - Suan Luang - BANGKOK 10250phone 0066.2314.4670 – fax [email protected]

SPORTS AUTHORITY OF THAILAND (SAT)Mr Thongchai LUANGTRAKUL286 Ramkhamhaeng Road - Hua Mark, Bangkapi - BANGKOK [email protected]

VIETNAMVIETNAM OLYMPIC COMMITTEEMr Nguyen Van QUAN36 Tran Phu Str - HANOIphone 0084.4.8532.270 – fax [email protected]

YEMENYEMEN SPORTS FOR ALL ASSOCIATIONMr Hassan Ali AL-KHAWLANIP.O. Box 19702 - SANA'Aphone 00967.1.2156.37 – fax 00967.1.2631.82

OCEANIA

AUSTRALIALIFE BE IN IT INTERNATIONALMrs Dr Jane SHELTONP.O. Box 401 - Collins St. West - Melbourne VIC 8007phone 0061.357.7517.32 – fax [email protected]://www.lifebeinit.org

AUSTRALIA SPORTS COMMISSIONMrs Diana KEELINGLeverrier Crescent - BRUCE ACT 2617phone 0061.2.6214 1111 – fax [email protected]://www.ausport.gov.au

AUSTRALIAN FOOTBALL LEAGUEGPO Box 5275 – MELBOURNE VIC 3001phone 0061.3.9643.1999 – fax [email protected]://www.afl.com.au

FIJI ISLANDSMrs Alice T.T. TABETEFIJI SPORTS COUNCILP.O. Box 2348 - Government Buildings - SUVAphone 00679.3312.177 – fax [email protected]://www.fijisportscouncil.com.fj

GUAMGOVERNOR'S COUNCIL ON PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTMr Patrick M. WOLFFPO BOX CE - HAGATNA 96932phone 00671.649.7502 – fax [email protected]



NEW ZEALANDSPORT & RECREATION NEW ZEALANDLevel 4 - 78, Victoria St - P.O. Box 2251 - WELLINGTONphone 0064.4.4728.058 – fax [email protected] http://www.sparc.org.nz

PAPUA NEW GUINEAPAPUA NEW GUINEA SPORTS FEDERATION INC.Sir John N.Dawanincura Kt OBEP.O. Box 467 - BOROKO, NCD - PAPUA NEW GUINEAphone 00675.25.1411 – fax [email protected]

0240

ORT


PRESIDENTDr. Shang-Hi RHEESPORT FOR ALL BUSAN ASSOCIATION1127-37, Woo 2 – DongHaeundae-Gu, Busan • South Korea (612-817)Phone: 0082.51.7312.021 Fax: 0082.51.7312.215 E-mail: [email protected]

VICE PRESIDENTDr. Oscar AZUERO-RUIZCORPORACION DEPORTE CON TODOSCra 4a N°22-61U. Jorge Tadeo TozanoSantafe de Bogota • ColombiaPhone: 0057.1.2842.978 / 0057.1.3341.777Fax: 0057.1.2826.197E-mail: [email protected]

Mrs. Comfort NWANKWOSPORT FOR ALL NIGERIANational Stadium • P.O. Box 7583SURULERE – LAGOS • NigeriaPhone: 00234.1.7904.074 / 00234.1.5850529Mobil: 00234.80.2223.9908Fax: 00234.1.5850.530E-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Joël RAYNAUDAquitaine Sport Pour TousComplexe de la Piscine - Route de Léognan33140 VILLENAVE D’ORNON • FrancePhone: 0033.556.69.38.02Fax: 0033.556.8721.90 E-mail: [email protected]

TREASURER Hon. Brian DIXONLIFE BE IN ITQV 292 Swanston StreetGPO Box 1429 • Melbourne VIC 3001 • AustraliaPhone: 0061.3.5775.1732 / 0061.1.8008.3216.0Fax: 0061.3.96969191E-mail: [email protected]

SECRETARY GENERALMr. Wolfgang BAUMANNTAFISA – Office of Secretary GeneralMainzer Landstr. 153 • DienstleistungszentrumD – 60261 Frankfurt/Main • GermanyPhone: 0049.69.136.44746Fax: 0049.69.136.44748E-mail: [email protected]

MEMBERS:Mr. Wim FlorijnEricalaan 6NL-3911 XN Rhenen • NetherlandPhone: 0031.317.616038mob.: 0031.6.4614.0505E-mail: [email protected]

TAFISA BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2005 - 2009

Mr. Herzel HagayISRAEL SPORT FOR ALL ASSOCIATION74 Menahem Begin Road67215 Tel –Aviv • IsraelPhone: 00972.3.5621.441Fax: 00972.3.5621.625E-mail: [email protected]

Mrs. Mitra Rouhi DehkordiSPORT FOR ALL FEDERATIONvali-Asr street, niayesh highwayAnghlab Sports complexTeheran • I.R. Iran Phone: 009821.2202.9200Fax: 009821.6696.7882E-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Jorma SavolaFINNISH SPORT FOR ALL ASSOCIATIONArabianranta 600560 Helsinki • Finland Phone: 00358.40.5051.8Fax: 00358.9419.0024.2E-mail: [email protected]

Dr. Ewa SuskaMinistry of SportSenatorska str. 1400-082 Warsaw • PolandPhone: 0048.22.2443.112Fax: 0048.22.2443.211E-mail: [email protected]

Dr. Thomas TA-CHOU-HUANGCHINESE TAIPEI OLYMPIC COMMITTEENogo, Chu-Lun StreetTaipei City • TaiwanPhone: 00886.2.2752.1442Fax: 00886.2.2777.3803E-mail: [email protected]

Prof. Rodolfo N. VALGONIA.M.U.D.E.R.A. (Asociación Mutual del deporte de laRepublika Argentina)Av. Comodoro Rivadavia 13501429 Capital Federal • ArgentinaPhone: 0054.11.4704.7557Fax: 0054.11.4703.2270E-mail: [email protected]

SPECIAL ADVISOR TO THE BOARDProf. Dr. Ju-Ho CHANGRaemian Bangbae Evernew 1005Bangbaedong 775-1, Seochku, Seoul • KoreaPhone: 0082.2.595.9035 Fax: 0082.11.347.2232 E-mail: [email protected]

COMMISSIONER:Mr. B. Sarjit SINGHMARFIMAc/o N° 15 Road 4/105TAMAN MIDAH 56000 Kuala Lumpur • MalaysiaPhone: 0060.3.9171.9924Fax: 0060.3.9172.1569E-mail: [email protected]


“Sport for All: Meeting the Challenges of Building Social Capital”

September 25 - 30, 2007

Buenos Aires, Argentina

TAFISA invites all member organisation to attend the nextWorld Congress hosted by our member AMUDERA.

The Congress takes place in Latin America for the first time.For further information please contact:

AMUDERAAv.Comodoro Rivadavia 1350 Zip code (1429)

Capital Federal - Buenos AiresARGENTINA

phone: 54.11.4704.755754.11.4702.8299

fax: 54.11.4703.2270

[email protected]://www.amudera.com.ar

20th TAFISA World Congress


Documents

1st TAFISA World Forum rld Forum: Integrative Force of Sport for … · 2018-04-19 · TAFISA MAGAZINE The Integrative Force of Sport for All: Building New Understandings December