1st Chapter Introduction Student

7/27/2019 1st Chapter Introduction Student

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1.0 INTRODUCTION OF SOIL

CLO 1 :Discover the physical & mechanical properties

of soils basically for engineering practice


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LEARNING LESSON OUTCOME:

1. Understand soil mechanics in general

2. Know the types of rocks and examples of rocksfound in Malaysia

3. Understand the formation process of soil andexamples of areas of soils that can be found inMalaysia

At the end of this chapter, students will be able

to:


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WHAT IS SOIL?Definition:

- In civil engineering, soil is defined as a

_______________________________

__________. It is formed from the__________________and between the

particles there is a____________

_________________


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3 basics types of sedimentary:

1) clastic sedimentary rocks: such as breccia,

conglomerate, sandstone and shale, that are formed

from_________________________debris.

2) chemical sedimentary rocks :such as rock salt and

some limestones, that form when_____________

______________________________

3) organic sedimentary rocks :such as coal and some

limestones which form from____________________

___________________________

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS


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Limestone Sandstone

COAL


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-Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of

magma.

-Igneous rock may form with or without crystallization.

-either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the

surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.

-This magma can be derived from partial melts of pre-existing rocksin either a planets mantle or crust.

-Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes:

an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in

composition.

IGNEOUS ROCKS


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INTRUSIVE

EXTRUSIVE

THE COMMON TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS


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-Metamorphic rock is the transformation of an existing rock

(the protolith) type and the process called metamorphism

which means "change in form".

-The protolith may be sedimentary rock, igneous rock or

another older metamorphic rock.

-The protolith is subjected to heat and pressure (temperatures

greater than 150 to 200 C and pressures of 1500 bars)

causing profound physical and/or chemical change.

METAMORPHIC ROCK


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*transform from sandstone * Transform from shale

* Transform from limestone


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PROCESS OF SOIL FORMATION

1. Exist from weathering and disintegration of rocks. Its might be from

physical or chemical process.

2. According to the weathering and disintegration process, the soil can becategories into 3 types of soil. It was:-

a) organic soil

b) residual soil

c) transported soil

3. Physical process will cause the disintegration of rock into the small

particle size of rock.


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4. The physical process include:

a) frost actionb) temperature changes

c) erosion

d) activities of plants, animal and human

5. The chemical process will cause the decomposition of rocksmineral.

6. The chemical process include:-

a)b)

c)

d)

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1st Chapter Introduction Student