1st Chapter III

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Basic characteristics of publicrevenues - Part I -



Summary

The concept, basic characteristics and

classification of revenues of the modern

state Taxes and public revenues

Tax principles

Tax system and classification of taxes



The concept, basic characteristics and

classification of revenues of the modern

state What are the basic characteristics of

revenues?

± They are expressed in money terms, ± They are collected annually

± That their spending is does not influenceexisting property,

± They are used to finance generalexpenditures



Types of revenues

According to the criterion of time:

± Regular

± Extraordinary Income from business and income from

population



Fiscal revenues

These are the mandatory charges that the state

introduces on the basis of their fiscal sovereignty.

These revenues are characterized by:

± Binding force and coercion of payment, ± There is no possibility of their recovery once they

are paid

The difference between taxes and fees



Taxes and public revenues

According to the concept of economic liberalism,

taxes are:

"Obligatory duties without adequate counter

payment from a public legal body aimed toobtain funds to cover expenses.³

Extraordinary objectives (economic, political,

socio-political, political ...)



The general characteristics of taxes:

Taxes are giving without directcounterpayment

Taxes represent such payment with whom

the purpose for which will be used is notfixed in advance,

Charged solely in cash,

The importance of "tax neutral" in theextraordinary effects



The elements of taxation (tax

terminology)

Twofold in nature:

Subjective elements of nature (three types of

taxpayers, government)

Elements of a material nature (the tax

capacity, tax source, the tax base, tax units, tax

rate, tax tariff, tax cadastre)

Difference between three types of taxpayersDifference between three types of taxpayers



Public revenues

50.0

55.0

60.0

65.0

70.0

75.0

80.0

85.0

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Weighted EU 27

France

Germany

Italy

UK

Taxes as % of total public revenues, EU 27



Public revenues

20.0

22.0

24.0

26.0

28.0

30.0

32.0

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Weighted EU 27

Germany

Italy

France

UK

Taxes as % GDP, EU 27



Properties of a good tax system

Economic efficiency

Administrative simplicity

Flexibility ± timing Political responsibility - transparency

Fairness ± ability to pay, horizontal and

vertical equity, lump-sum taxation, lifetimeincome, base broadening



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1st Chapter III