1RES01EWENFEMU A@CUMH PL'AbM CKAS E A [RA P …documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/122531468771585631/pdf/multi0... · Ethiopian Roads Autihority PANAF and AFRO Consult Nekemt -Mekenajo

Ethiopian Roads Authority

1RPI 36Volume 6

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1RES01EWENFEMU A@CUMH PL'AbM@ CKAS E "A [RA P SR0 E @TS

MARCH 2003

Pan African Consultants Plc.

In association with

AFRO-CONSULT

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Ethiopian Roads Autihority PANAF and AFRO ConsultNekemt - Mekenajo Road Upgrad(in g Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................... I

I.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................ ............................ 1

1 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION .................. ........ ......... . ................ ........ . .. I

1.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA INCLUDING SOCIAL ASPECTS .11.4 LEGAL FRAMEWORK. 2

1.5 POTENTIAI IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES. 2

1 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF RAP AND MONITORING PLAN ........ 4................ ....... ................... .... 4

2 INTRODUCTION ............................................ 6

2 1 BACKGROUND ............................................. 62.2 OBJECFTIVES OF THE RAP ........................ ..... ....... .............. 62.3 METHODOLOGY .............. .................................................... .............................. 6

2.4 REPORT STRUCTURE. .............. ................ .............................. 7

2 5 TEAM COMPOSITION FOR T-HE PREPARATION OF RAP ... .. ....... ......... ....... .

3 DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PROJECT ROADS ...... 10

4 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .12

4.1 POLICY FRAmEWORK ............ 12

4.1.1 The Constitution of FDRE 124.1.2 Environmental policy of Ethiopia . 14

4.2 REVIEW OF RELEVANT LAWS AND REGULATIONS AT THE FEDERAL AND REGIONAL LEVELS.. 16

4.2.1 The Rural Lands Adnministration and Utilization Proclamation 164.2.2 Oromia Rural Land Use And Administration Proclamation (Draft) 16

4.3 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE EXPROPRIATION AND COMPENSATION OF PROPERTY ... 17

4.3.1 Expropriation 184.3.2 Right of Way . .. .... 19

4.3.3 Property to be Compensated. 204.3.4 Compensation and Valuation Procedures and Methtods 20

4.4 INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .... 2............... .................................... 23

4.4.1 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and Administration Regions 234.4.2 The Environmental Protection Authority 234.4.3 Ethiopian Roads Authority 244.4.4 Regional Governments . .. 254.4.5 Oromiya Office of Environmental Protection .26

5 POTENTIAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT .27

5.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECTISoCIo-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ..... ..27

5.1.1 Family Size of the Project Affected People. 275.1.2 Gender and Age Structure of the Project Affected People 275.1.3 Livelihood of the Project Affected People. 275.1.4 Ethnicity, Religion and Language of the Project Affected People 285.1.5 Educational Background of the Project Affected People 295.1.6 Historical, Cultural, and Religious Resources . 295.1.7 Social Acceptability of the Project Road. .. 30

5 2 SoCIo-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF T'HE PROJECT ....................... 30...................... ...... ...... 30

5.2.1 Social Impacts in Urban Areas 305.2.2 Impacts of the Project in Rural Areas 33

5.3 SOCIAL SERVICES T'O BE INTERRUPTED ............... .... ......... 34... ..................... ..... .. 34

5.4 DISRUPTION TO SERVICES ........................ ........... . ..... ..... 34

5.5 IMPACT' ASSOCIATED WITH ANCILLARY WORKS .................... ......... .............. ............. 35

5 6 IMPACT ON VULNERABLE GROUPS ............................. .......... 3........6..............................36

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6 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA .................................................... 38

7 METHODS OF VALUING AFFECTED ASSETS .................................................... 39

7.1 COMPENSATION FOR Loss OF HOUSES AND BUSINESS .................................................... 397.1.1 Metihods of Valuing Replacement Costfor thje Affected Houses 397.1.2 Compensation for Loss of Houses 417.1.3 Conmpensation for Business 437.1.4 Compensation for Renters of Kebele Houses 44

7 2 COMPENSATION FOR LOSS OF FARMLANDS . . ..... .... ... 447.2.1 Method of Valuinig Replacement Costfor Loss of Strips of Farmland 447.2.2 Compensation for Permanent Loss of Crop Land 477.2.3 Conmpensation for Temporary Loss of Farmland 47

7.3 COMPENSATION FOR EUCALYPTUS AND FRUIT TREES . . . 487.3.1 Compensation for Eucalyptus Trees ... 487.3.2 Compensatioi for Fruit Trees . ......... .. 50

7.4 COMPENSATION FOR AFFECTED SERVICES ... .. . .......................................................... 527.5 ASSISTANCE FOR VULNERABLE GROUPS ..................................... 53

8 ORGANIZATIONAL PROCEDURES FOR DELIVERY OF ENTITLEMENTS .55

9 IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS FOR THE RAP .56

9.1 IMPLEMENTING COMMITEE .. 569.2 SCHEDULING AND TIM ING ... ............. .................................................................SC ED L. GA .G........ 619.3 BUDGET REQUIREMENT FOR THE IMPLEMENTING COMMIrFTEE ....................................... 61

10 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ................................... 63

11 RAP IMPLEMENTATION COST ................................... 66

12 CONSULTATIONS WITH PAP'S ................................... 67

13 MONITORING PLAN ................................... 68

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CSA Central Statistics Authority

CSE Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia

EC Ethiopian Calander

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMSB Environmental Management and Safety Branch

EPA Environmental Protection Authority

EPC Environmental Protection Council

EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia

EEPCO Ethiopian Electric and Power Corporation

ERA Ethiopian Roads Authority

FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

FV Future Value

GCRC Gross Current Replacement Cost

GPS Global Positioning System

HH Household

MoA Ministry of Agriculture

NGO Non-Governmental Organizations

NPV Net Present Value

OP Operational Policy

PAA Project Affected Area

PAP Project Affected People

PV Present Value

PVF Present Value Factor

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

ROW Right-of-Way

RSDP Road Sector Development Programme

TOR Terms of Reference

WB World Bank

WSS Water Supply Survice

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Ethiopian Roads Authority PANAF and AFRO ConsultNekemnt - Mekenajo Road Upgrading Project

Figure 1 Location Map of the Project Road

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Etduopian Roads Authority PANAF anid AFRO ConsultNekemt - Mekenajo Road Upgrading Project

Figure 2 Layout of the Project Road

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Ethiopian Roads Auithority PANAF antd AFRO ConsultNekemnt - Mekeuiajo Road Upgrading Project

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 Introduction

The Nekemt - Mekenajo road upgrading project is one of the components of theRoad Sector Development Programme 1997-2007 (ERA 1996), which wasformulated to improve and expand the country's road network, and which hasbeen accorded high priority by the Government of Ethiopia in order to stimulategrowth of the economy and for the long termn development of the country.

The Nekemt - Mekenajo project comprises upgrading works to approximately 127km of existing roads in western Ethiopia. This Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)was carried out for this proposed road-upgrading project. The project will betendered for construction as one separte construction contract (lot).

1.2 Project Description and Justification

The road network, which is crucial to the connection between rural communitiesand urban centers, has deteriorated markedly as a result of lack of investment,and is constraining development of the economy. The present project, throughproviding upgraded and asphalted road communications between NekemtMekenajo is expected to make a significant contribution to removing some of theconstraints on agricultural and livestock resources development in the projectarea.

The project comprises upgrading works to approximately 127 km of existing roadbetween Nekemt and Mekenajo. The surfacing, which will be 6.7m wide, isproposed as a Double Bituminous surface treatment.

The location map and layout of the project road are given in Fig 1 and 2respectively.

1.3 Description of the Project Area Including Social Aspects

The project road traverses entirely within the Oromiya Region. The populationand economy of the region traversed by the project road is almost totallydependent upon agriculture and livestock. The sector employs more than 90% ofthe economically active population in the Region.

Apart from agriculture and livestock and general commerce in the major townsalong the route, there appear to be few other economic activities in the projectarea at the present time. Industrial development in the project area is embryonic.The contribution of manufacturing industries to the generation of income and

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Ethiopian Roads Authority PANAF and AFRO ConsuilNekemnt - Meke,iajo Road Upgrading Project

employment in the project area is exceptionally low when compared toagriculture.

1.4 Legal Framework

The Constitution (Art. 44.2) provides that state programs that result in thedisplacement of people or adversely affect the livelihood of the local populationshall give the right to commensurate monetary or other means of compensationincluding relocation (resettlement) with adequate State assistance.

The World Bank OP 4.12 under the title of "Involuntary Resettlement policy" hasaddressed the need for the treatment of the project impacts, which cannot beavoided. Many other manuals, policies, laws & regulations of the country alsoaddressed the involuntary resettlement issue. The EIA Proclamation states that noproponent shall commence implementation of a project without conducting properenvironmental and social impact assessment and authorization from the Authorityor from the Relevant Regional Agency, as appropriate.

The Terms of Reference (TOR) for this project requires the preparation of aResettlement Action Plan (RAP) for Nekempt - Mekenajo road upgrading project.Therefore, as per the requirements of the TOR and the Environmental ProtectionAuthoirity (EPA) and World Bank (WB) guidelines, the consultant has carried outthis RAP for this proposed component of the road upgrading project.

1.5 Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The principal potentially adverse impact is the land and property expropriationassociated with realignments and road section widening. In urban areas, the majorimpact of the project will be on households that are going to be displaced andresettled to a new locations and for some decrease on their land size, reducedcompound and on others loss of their current business or reduced income due torelocation. A summary of the main findings is presented in the table below.

Main Findings

Road SectionsLocation

Region OromiyaZone Eastern and Western Wolega

Road Length (km) 127.0Status Existing Road upgrading projectRoad Functional Classification Trunk roadProposed Road Surface Asphalt

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Ethiopian Roads Authority PANAF and AFRO ConsultNekemt - Mekenajo Road Upgrading Project

Affected IH in Urban areasTotal number of affected people 516 (from 74 HH)Total number of partially affected people 342 (from 52 HH)Total number of fully affected people 174 (from 22 HH)

Affected HH in Rural AreasTotal number of affected people 1,169 (from 167 HH)Total number of partially affected people 1,169 (from 167 HH)Total number of fully affected people nlt

Total Number of Affected People (urban & rural) 1,685 (from 241 HH)Affected Government Buildings/Offices 3Affected Farmland* (ha) 31Affected eucalyptus and fruit trees (no.) 2,700

Note * Affected farmland for contractors camp, detours and access roads, materials site and spoil dumping sites

Social Impacts in Urban AreasBased on this assessment, a total of 74 households (HH) (with an estimated 516people) in urban areas comprising 55 residential houses, 3 multi-functional(business and residence) and 16 business/commercial buildings will be affected.Out of the above indicated 74 households, 21 households will be fully affected,whereas the remaining 53 households will be affected partially leaving a smallerbut still viable building. In addition to the 74 households, 3 Government/Kebeleoffices will be fully affected.

Social Impacts in Rural AreasThe impact of the project in rural areas would be through the occupation of landfor the establishment of construction camp sites, detour, operation of borrow andquarry sites and soil dumping areas. The land to be used for the above activitiesincludes crop land, grazing land, permanent trees and wastelands. This wouldhave substantial effect and impact on the income and livelihood of somehouseholds.

In rural section of the project road, an estimated 31ha of strips of famTllandbelonging to 167 HH or 1,169 people will be partially affected.

Impacts on Public ServicesThe project, in addition to its impact on the urban settlement and economy it willalso have impact on telephone and electric power lines as well as on water supplysystems found in the major towns along the project road.

A valuation compensation approach is developed for households that would beaffected by the project both in rural and urban centers. A replacement costs foraffected services is estimated and included in the total RAP cost. The methodsadopted for valuing the affected assets and resources is based on a replacementcost and also by considering the compensation value estimate. The following tablesummarizes the overall compensation requirement of the Resettlement ActionPlan.

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Ethiopian Roads Authority PANAF and AFRO ConsultNekeint - Mekenajo Road Upgtading Project

Resettlement / Rehabilitation Budget

Item description Total Budget(in millions Birr)

Compensation for loss of houses 3.71Compensation Value 0.93Compensation for Loss of Business 0.05Compensation for loss of crops and land * 0.33Compensation for loss of trees (eucalyptus and fruits 0.37trees)Compensation for water pipes 3.16Compensation for loss of electric and telephone poles 3.01Monitoring 0.07Sub-Total 11.63Contingency (20%) 2.33Grand Total 13.96

Note * Land loss for contractors camp, materials site, detours and spoil dumping sites

1.6 Implementation of RAP and Monitoring Plan

ERAs Right-of-Way Branch together with the local authorities will be responsiblefor the implementation and management of the RAP activities.

The RAP has included a monitoring plan and ERA's Environmental Managementand Safety Branch and ROW-A will be responsible to monitor and evaluate theprocess involved in implementing this RAP by adopting the following indicators;

* Compensation to be made* Restoration and restitution of PAP* Appropriateness of relocation sites* Appropriateness of the time schedule for RAP* Public infrastructures and social services re established* Support and assistance made to vulnerable groups and women* Appropriateness of grievance redress mechanisms

ERA's through the EMSB will assign qualified social scientist to conductindividual evaluations of PAPs re-establishment socio-economic progress. Theevaluation will be done quarterly for two years and annually for the next twoyears. Socio-economic evaluation will be based on a number of key indices forselected households, in combination with the special observation by the socialscientist.

The monitoring report by EMB staff together with RAP-Implementing Committeewill be prepared. The monthly, quarterly and annual progress report duringsupervision of the construction project and the World Bank supervision mission

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Ethiopian Roads Authority PANAF and AFRO ConsultNekettit - Mekenajyo Road Upgraditg Project

reports will include infomation about each PAP and these reports will besubmitted to all concerned stakeholders and partners.

The estimated budget for RAP monitoring and evaluation is estimated to be Birr0.07 million and will be financed from the RAP budget.

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2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 Background

The Ethiopian Roads Authority has assigned Panafrican Consultants Plc inassociation with Afro Consult and Trading Plc. of Ethiopia, to prepare aResettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the proposed Nekemt - Mekenajo road-upgrading project.

This report presents the RAP prepared for these road upgrading project.

2.2 Objectives of the RAP

The central objective of the consulting services is to prepare Resettlement ActionPlan (RAP) for the Nekempt - Mekenajo road. The RAP assesses the adversesocial impacts of the construction and operations of the project roads and suggestmitigation measures including budget, to address the issues at stake.

2.3 Methodology

Road projects will create a range of direct and indirect impacts on the humanenvironment and understanding the socio-economic settings and issues andconstraints along the project road is essential for the design of road projects. TheTOR requires undertaking a RAP for the proposed road projects. TheEnvironmental Assessment (EA) guidelines prepared by EnvironmentalProtection Authority (EPA) and the World Bank requires development projects toreduce adverse effects on the physical, biological, and socio-economicenvironments. The consultant has therefore (in response to both the requirementsof the TOR and the EPA and World Bank guidelines), carried out this RAP for theprojects under consideration in accordance with the Country and World Bankguidelines.

The methodology adopted for the preparation of this RAP is summarized below.

Collection of Available Data: The consultant collected and reviewed projectspecific background documents and published regulations, guidelines, nationalpolicy papers, CSA's census reports and documents (see References in Annex 1).The national legislative and institutional framework, policies, procedures,guidelines etc. has also been reviewed.

Field Visits: Detailed field visit were carried out in all the project areas in orderto gain first-hand knowledge and informnation of existing socio-economicenvironmental conditions and also to put the proposed designs and construction

Resettlement Action Plans -Final 6 Marchi, 2003


works into context. The project team has carried out the field visit in order tofacilitate joint review of potential problems and possible solutions. During thetnp, information on socio-economic aspects, cultural and other values in theproject area had been collected through designed questionnaire survey, GPS, etc.

Public Consultation: The field visits also included interviews and discussionwith Project Affected People (PAP), local authorities and various stakeholdersalong all sections of the roads, in order to obtain supplementary information onsocio-economic and socio-cultural conditions, and views on various aspects of theproject. The consultation was also to obtain background information relevant tosocio-economic impact assessment and in particular, to identify any areas ofspecific concern which needed to be addressed. Organizations and individualsconsulted are listed in Annex 2.

Characteristics of the projects: A review of the project designs has been carriedout, with particular reference to establishing the form and scope of the works andconstruction materials in order to identify potential sources of impact of theproject on the socio-economic environment.

Description of the Project Area: baseline data on the socio-economicenvironment of the project area has been collected and evaluated. Directinformation was obtained by visiting the project area. The Project Area comprisesthe area which will be under direct influence (i.e., where the impacts of the land-take requirement and construction activity can be felt) of the project and includesthe road section and its influence area, quarry and borrow areas, etc.

Identification of socio-economic Impacts: Key potentially adverse impacts onthe socio-economic environment associated with implementation of the proposedproject have been identified.

Description of Compensatory Measures: The compensation principles fromResettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and the WB OP 4.12 were adopted. Basedon these principles, a feasible and acceptable resettlement and compensationpackage for various Project Affected Persons and groups is prepared andpresented in this RAP.

Monitoring Plan: A monitoring plan has been developed and recommended to befully integrated with implementation process of the proposed RAP.

2.4 Report Structure

This report provides the Resettlement Action Plan for the proposed roadupgrading project and follows the following flows:

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Ethiopian Roads Authority PANAF and AFRO ConsultNekemit - Mekenajo Road Upgrading Project

* Following the Executive Summary and the Introduction, Chapter 3provides a brief description of the project and components for which landacquisition and resettlement is required.

* Chapter 4 presents the existing and evolving policy, legal and institutionalframework. The chapter also presents the assessment results of the legalframework reviewing the fit between the borrower laws and regulationsand Bank policy requirements and measures proposed to bridge any gapsbetween them;

* In Chapter 5 existing socio-economic conditions of the Project AffectedPeople (PAP) and Project Affected Area (PAA) is discussed in brief. Inthis chapter, affected population is estimated and to the extent possible,the likely categories of affected persons is presented.

* Chapter 6 identifies and describes the eligibility criteria for definingvarious categories of affected persons

* The methods of valuing affected assets and the actual compensation andresettlement package is discussed in Chapter 7

* Organizational procedures for delivery of entitlement is discussed inChapters 8

* Description of the implementation process, linking resettlementimplementation to civil works is presented in chapter 9.

* Chapter 10 describes the grievance redress mechanism and Chapter 11presents the arrangements of funding resettlement, including thepreparation and review of cost estimates, the flow of funds andcontingency arrangements;

* The mechanism for consultation with, and participation of affectedpersons in planning, implementation and monitoring is presented inChapter 12 and

* Chapter 13 presents the arrangement for monitoring by the implementingagency.

2.5 Team Composition for the Preparation of RAP

Sociologist/Team Leader: ASSEFA ADDISU, Bachelor Degree in Sociologyand Anthropology in 1980 attended several updating courses inrural development, management, and organisationstrengthening, rural reconstruction. He has 20 years ofexperience working for government organisations, NGO's andprivate firms. He has extensive experience on social projectsmonitoring and evaluation, the development of policy andstrategy for rural development schemes.

Economist: YUSUF AHMED, B.A. in Economics with minor inmanagement, MSc. Transportation Science and a wide range oftraining in planning, statistics, finance, projects, andinformation. He has over 25 years of extensive work

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experience and services at various responsible positions. Hehas also extensive experience in conducting feasibility studies,regional analysis, land use and traffic studies, etc.

Socio-Economist: MULUGETA SERGAWI, has more than 15 years of workexperience in conducting economic and financial analysis,resettlement action plans, Tariff Study, Institution Study,Sector Development Program Study, Project Follow-up andmonitoring activities, budget preparation, socio-economicanalysis.

Civil Engineer: TESFAYE ASFAW, A civil Engineer and long years ofexperience in the planning, design, construction andmaintenance of all types of transport infrastructures whileworking for ERA, TCDE and PANAF Consult. He has alsobeen involved in the management of planning, study andimplementation of a highly integrated development programsduring his service to the Ministry of Coffee and TeaDevelopment holding Chief Engineer and General Manager.

Environmentalist: DEJENE WOLDEMARIAM, Master of Technology in CivilEngineering in addition to several short term workshops onEIA. He has 14 years experience as environmentalist andconducted a number of EIA for Road projects in Ethiopia.

Legal Expert: IMIRU TAMIRAT, has more than 15 years experienceproviding advice and expertise on policy, legal and institutionalmatters with respect to both national and internationalresources development and management issues. He has beenproviding advice and expertise on policy, legal and institutionalmatters with respect to national and international naturalresources and environmental management issues, internationaltrade law matters linked with agriculture and intellectualproperty rights.


Ethiopian Roads Autzhority PANAF and AFRO Consult

Nekemit - Mekenajo Road Upgrading Project

3 DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PROJECT ROADS

Recognizing the relative importance of the transport in supporting social andeconomic growth and meeting the poverty alleviation objectives, the FederalGovernment of Ethiopia has placed increased emphasis on improving the qualityand quantity of the road infrastructure as part of its economic developmentprogram and poverty alleviation strategy. To address the constraints in the roadsector (related to restricted road network coverage and low standards), the FederalGovernment of Ethiopia formulated a 10-year Road Sector Development Program(RSDP). The RSDP was officially launched in September 1997, and since then,both the Government and donor-funded projects has been under implementation.

The Project road is situated in the Oromia Region, connecting the east and westWelega zones in the western part of Ethiopia and is part of the Nekempt -Assosamain highway. The existing road between Nekempt and the town of Gimbi111km was constructed in the late 1960s by an international contractor throughinternational financing and apparently the road is well engineered geometricallyas applied to gravel surfaced roads at the time. The remaining 16km section ofthe road between Gimbi and Mekenajo was constructed in the early 1980s as partof the Gimbi - Assosa road. However, the road geometry on the Gimbi toMekenajo section generally seems to be inferior to that utilized on the Nekempt toGimbi section. As per the road classification system completed by the ERA in1997, the entire Addis to Gimbi road has been designated as an A-4 track road.The 127km long road with an average roadway width of seven meter can bedivided in 3 distinct sections with regards to the terrain, design and constructionof the road.

Table 3.1 Information on the Proposed Road Upgrading Projects

Road SectionsLocation

Region OromiyaZone East and West Welega

Road Length (km) 127Status Existing Road upgrading projectRoad Functional Classification Trunk roadProposed Surfacing type From gravel to asphaltAlignment No major realignment

The first 51km traverses through flat, rolling, hilly and mountainous terrain withsteep descent and rise successively, particularly at approaches of major rivercrossings including Meka, Arjo and Didesa rivers. The elevation between km 21,top of Meka river valley, and the Meka River Bridge (km 34) in particular rangesfrom 2080 to 1340. The road generally follows local watershed areas alongnarrow ridges to minimize the number of drainage structures.

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The section between km 51 and 78 extending from the top of the western sideDidesa river valley to the foot of mount Abasina has a series of reverse horizontalcurves and a rolling vertical alignment with elevations ranging between 1255mand 1200 m.a.s.l. Generally the route alignment follow the contour of the terrainto avoid steep gradients, may however call for curve improvements to improvesight distances. Within this section 4 major river crossings are encounterednamely Bodesa, Tole, Bulul and Jogir respectively.

The last section between km 78 and 127 starts from the foot of Mount Abasina byascending steeply to km 83 a high point with elevation 1640m at the village ofAbasina. Generally the road traverses hilly to mountainous terrain involving deepside hill cuts and high fills at gullies.

Gimbi town, section built on a narrow ridge, extends from km 110 to km 119including suburban areas within the town there is high traffic volume, pedestriansand animals. In general the road surface along the whole length of the project roadis extremely poor being severely deteriorated to the extent of being impassableduring the rainy season. This has been mainly due to the vary limited attentiongiven to the up-keep of the maintenance of the road since completion of itsconstruction over 25 years ago inspite of its importance in serving highlyproductive areas including west Oromia Zone, Gambela and Benshangul Regions.

The route is found at the heart of the coffee production and mining potential areas(mainly marble and gold), the major foreign exchange earners of the country.Surplus agricultural products including cereals and grains of the region arehindered from being exported out merely due to the high deterioration of the roadmaking it difficult for driving. Hence, the need for rehabilitation of the projectroad.

During implementation of this project, a total number of 74 HH and out of these21 households will be fully affected (relocated). In addition to the 74 households,3 Government/Kebele offices will be fully affected. The impact of the project inrural areas would be through the occupation of land and an estimated 31 ha ofstrips of farmland belonging to 167 HH or 1,169 people will be partially affected.

The location map and layout of the project road are given in Fig 1 and 2respectively.

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Ethiopian Roads Authority PANAF and AFRO ConsultNekenit - Mekenajo Road Upgrading Project

4 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

4.1 Policy Framework

4.1.1 The Constitution of FDRE

As the supreme law of Ethiopia, all national policies, laws and regulations as wellas the institutional frameworks of the country must comply with theConstitutional provisions. The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic ofEthiopia, Proclamation 1/1995, has several provisions which have direct policy,legal and institutional relevance for the appropriate implementation of theresettlement action plans which are being prepared by the Ethiopian RoadsAuthority in order to mitigate the impact on people who might be affected by theRoad Sector Development Program under way.

The current land tenure system is, in essence, not different from that adopted bythe previous regime although there are certain elements that may be considered togive the user of the land more security than in the past. The Constitution itselfaddresses this issue to some extent when it guarantees Ethiopian peasants andpastoralists the right to have access to land as well as the protection againsteviction from their possession (Art. 40.4 and 40.5). The detailed implementationof this provision is to be specified by subsequent laws.

Art. 40.3 of the Constitution provides for the public ownership of both rural andurban land as well as all natural resources. It further states that land is thecommon property of the Ethiopian people and cannot be subject to sale or to othermeans of exchange. In other words, private ownership of land and other naturalresources is excluded in that one very essential element of private ownership- thatof alienating land by sale, mortgage or any form of transfer with respect to land-is expressly prohibited by the Constitution.

Moreover, ownership of land is vested in the State (and the people of Ethiopia)while rural and urban dwellers have only usufruct rights over land. A usufructright gives the user of the land, the right to use the land and the right to benefitfrom the fruits of her/his labor which may be crops, trees etc found on the land orany permanent works such as buildings etc. The rights regarding the latter may beconsidered private property and any interference on the usufruct right such asexpropriation shall entail compensation. This is clearly provided in Art. 40.7 ofthe Constitution which says that ' Every Ethiopian shall have the full right to theimmovable property he builds and to the permanent improvements he bringsabout on the land by his labor or capital'. It further states, among other things, thatthe owner of such rights is entitled to compensation and that the particulars shall


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be determined by law. Art. 40.8 in turn strengthens this by providing forexpropriation of private property by the government for public purposes subject tothe payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the value of theexpropriated property. The detailed implementation of this provision is also left tobe determined by subsequent law.

More importantly, and specifically, Art. 44.2 of the Constitution provides thatstate programs that result in the displacement of people or adversely affect thelivelihood of the local population shall give the right to commensurate monetaryor other means of compensation including relocation (resettlement) with adequateState assistance.

This is an important provision to the resettlement action plan that ERA undertakeswith respect to the road projects in the sense that the Government has obligeditself not only to compensate for the works on land created by the labour andcapital of any Ethiopian citizen but also to compensate for the lost land throughresettling those affected by State programs with adequate assistance. Although instrict legal terms, an individual landholder does not have full ownership rightsover the land he/she uses because of the fact that the landholder cannot alienatethe land through sale, mortgage or any other form of transfer of ownership, theConstitution endows the land holder rights akin to ownership in the sense that itgives the landholder the right to continued access to the land and the right to becompensated for lost land. The State has also obliged itself to relocate/resettle thelandholder. In this sense, the landholder has the right to be relocated to landsimilar to that lost through expropriation or involuntary resettlement. One issuethat may arise is what if the landholder is not willing to resettle in another areaand claims monetary compensation or if land is not readily available? As we shallsee later in some detail, it is submitted that the landholder should be compensatedfor the lost land in an alternative form which may include the cost of alternativemeans of livelihood, relocation cost etc. The land itself has no market value forthe land user because he/she cannot alienate the land in the form of sale ormortgage. This is why it may be difficult to adequately assess the amount ofcompensation.

The right of the public and the community to full consultations and participationas well as to the expression of their views in the planning and implementation ofenvironmental policies and development projects that affect them is enshrined inthe Constitution (Arts. 92.3 and 43.2). The rights of women to full consultationsin the formulation of national development policies and in designing andexecution of projects especially when such projects are likely to affect theirinterests is also stipulated in the Constitution (Art. 35.6). Thus, in the course ofthe preparation of resettlement action plans, all affected stakeholders need to beappropriately consulted in order to identify their needs and interests includingdetermination of the amount of compensation required.

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In relation to the environment, the Constitution also stipulates that theGovernment should endeavor to ensure a clean and healthy environment as abasic right of the Ethiopian people (Arts. 44.1 and 92.1). It also provides that thedesign and implementation of development programs and projects should notdamage or destroy the environment (Art. 92.2). This indicates a recognition thatdevelopment programs and projects should pass through an Environmental ImpactAssessment process.

In sum, as discussed in this section, the Constitution has laid down the policy andlegal basis regarding land tenure policy, the need for appropriate compensationand consultations regarding those affected by development projects and Stateprograms as well as the recognition of the need to conduct an environmentalimpact assessment of development projects. Subsequent policies, legislations andinstitutions are designed to meet these Constitutional provisions.

4.1.2 Environmental policy of Ethiopia

The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia, which includes social policy, wasapproved by the Council of Ministers in 1997. The policy contains ten sectoraland ten cross-sectoral policies including provisions required for the appropriateimplementation of the policy.

Although there are some relevant elements in the sectoral policies incorporated inthe document, the cross-sectoral policies are of much more relevance to theresettlement action plans that ERA is undertaking particularly regardingcommunity participation and environmental impact assessment.

The policy elements on community participation are progressive and relevant inthe context of preparing the resettlement action plans. The relevant ones are:

* To ensure that all phases of environmental and resource development andmanagement, from project conception to planning and implementation tomonitoring and evaluation are undertaken based on the decisions ofresource users and managers;

* To develop effective methods of popular participation in the planning andimplementation of environmental and resource use and managementprojects and programs;

Of more importance in the context of the resettlement action plan are the policyprovisions on Environmental Impact Assessment which provide the basic policyframework in the area and form the basis for subsequent issuance of laws,regulations and guidelines in the area. The policy elements are as follows:

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* To ensure that environmental impact assessments consider not onlyphysical and biological impacts but also address social, socio-economic,political and cultural conditions;

* To ensure that public and private sector development programmes andprojects recognize any environmental impacts early and incorporate theircontainment into the development design process;

* To recognize that public consultation is an integral part of EIA and ensurethat ETA procedures make provision for both an independent review andpublic comment before consideration of decision makers;

* To ensure that and environmental impact statement always includesmitigation plans for environmental management problems andcontingency plans in case of accidents;

* To ensure that, at specified intervals during the project implementation,environmental audits regarding monitoring, inspection and record keepingtake place for activities where these have been required by theEnvironmental Impact Statement;

* To ensure that preliminary and full EIAs are undertaken by the relevantsectoral ministries or departments, if in the public sector, and by thedeveloper, if in the private sector.

* To create by law an EIA process which require appropriate environmentalimpact statements and environmental audits for private and statedevelopment projects;

* To establish the necessary institutional framework and determine thelinkages of its parts for undertaking, coordinating and approving ELAs andthe subsequent system of environmental audits required to ensurecompliance with conditionalities;

* To develop detailed sectoral technical guidelines in ELAs andenvironmental audits;

* To ensure that social, socio-economic, political and cultural conditions areconsidered in environmental impact assessment procedures and includedin sectoral guidelines; and

* To develop EIA and environmental audit capacity and capability in theEnvironmental Protection Authority, sectoral ministries and agencies aswell as in regions.

The above environmental policy, which include social assessment, provisionsreveal that much has been covered, at least at the policy level, regarding themeasures that need to be taken and procedures to be followed when conducting anenvironmental impact assessment of development projects from the planning levelup to the implementation and post-implementation level. As the resettlementaction plan that is prepared by ERA is part of the Environmental ImpactAssessment process, particularly taken to mitigate the socio-economic andcultural impacts of the road projects, the policy provisions should be consideredto serve as guidelines for more specific sectoral policies, laws and institutional setups that are required to translate such policy provisions. The following sectionswill attempt to address such issues.

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4.2 Review of Relevant Laws and Regulations at the Federal and Regional Levels

4.2.1 The Rural Lands Administration and Utilization Proclamation

The Constitution leaves the detailed implementation of the provisions concerningtenure rights over rural land to be determined by subsequent specific laws to beissued at both the federal and regional levels. Accordingly, at the federal level, theRural Lands Administration and Utilization Proclamation was enacted in 1997 tofurther determine the land use system and use rights in the country.

The Proclamation provides that land administration laws to be enacted by Regionsshould be based on the provisions provided therein and specifies the basicprinciples of rural land distribution and utilization including the scope of land useright which Regional laws should grant. Similar to the Constitution, theProclamation provides that peasants and nomads (pastoralists) shall have the rightto get rural land holding the size of which shall be determined based upon theparticular conditions of the locality and free of charge.

4.2.2 Oromia Rural Land Use And Administration Proclamation (Draft)

Based on the Federal Land Administration and Utilization ProclamationNo.89/1997, regions have commenced enacting their own land administration andutilization laws. For our purposes, since all the three roads subject to theresettlement action plans are within the Oromia Region, a brief examination of therelevant provisions of the Draft Oromia Land Use and AdministrationProclamation will be made here.

The Proclamation provides for the right of access to rural land free of charge forthose whose lives depend on agriculture and who are aged 18 years or above(Art.5.1). The holder of the land is guaranteed a life long right of use of the landfor agricultural purposes or lease the land to a third party or bequeath it to his/herheirs. Full property rights is also given to the right holder over any propertyproduced or built on the land including the right to alienate it in any manner (Art.6.1). However, the latter right of alienation does not extend to the land itself (Art.6.2) which is consistent with the federal Constitution discussed before (Art. 6.2).However, the use right of the individual land user is subject to termination whenthe land is required for public uses and when this is decided with the participationof the community [affected] (Art. 6.4). When the right of the landholder isterminated for reasons of public use, the right of the landholder to getcompensation for the assets on the land or tree crops cultivated on the land isprovided in Art. 6.5 of the draft Proclamation including the right to be

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compensated for similar land. The responsible organ which is.designated in theProclamation itself, as " the Land Administration and Natural ResourcesAuthority" (Art.24) will also issue a life long certificate of holding right to theland user (Art. 15).

In case conflict arises regarding the rights of the landholder, the draftProclamation provides for an initial appeal to the local social court (Gaanda). Aparty aggrieved by the decision of the social court has the right to appeal to thefirst instance ordinary court (Aanaa court). Where the Aanaa court confirms thedecision of the social court the decision of the first instance court will be final.However, if the decision of the first instance court rescinds the decision of thesocial court, then a final appeal may be made to the higher court. However, it alsoprovides for the resolution of disputes by other means upon agreement by theparties concerned.

Although the Oromia Rural Land Use and Administration Proclamation is still ina draft form, it contains very relevant provisions regarding the right of a rurallandholder where his rights of use is affected through eviction or expropriation ofland for public use as for instance for the purpose of road construction,rehabilitation or upgrading. It clearly provides for relocation of the landholder to asimilar land and for compensation of lost assets and tree crops on the land and themanner for dispute resolution. It also requires that the communities affected bysuch development projects need to be consulted. One important provision is theissuance of certificate of use right to the landholder which makes it easier toidentify the right holder of a given land where resettlement action plan is preparedby ERA in the future.

The above two sections have shown the general policy and legal framework at themacro-level regarding the land tenure and environmental policies and generalprovisions pertaining to resettlement/relocation of land users (usufruct rights) aswell as the principles and general requirements for the right to be compensated forproperty lost on work made on land and the need for public consultations in caseof eviction or expropriation of property. The next section will be a discussion oflegal and administrative requirements more specifically dealing with therequirements of the resettlement action plans that ERA is undertaking.

4.3 Legal Frameworkfor tlhe Expropriation and Compensation of Property

The expansion of road construction has got a paramount importance for the effortsof the development activities of the country. Any development activity is directlylinked to the presence of road infrastructure and recognizing this, the Governmentof Ethiopia is currently undertaking the upgrading of the existing roads as well asthe construction of new roads. Like many other projects, the construction of roadscould result in major negative ill effects upon the enviromnent in general and thepeople in particular unless an appropriate measure to encounter the negative

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impacts is taken. People whose subsistence is dependent on the same occupyalmost all of the urban and the rural areas through which the road passes. It is afact that the people are expecting the commencement of the road construction tobegin soon. They are also expecting to become compensated for any losses thatmay arise as a result of the construction of the project. The identification and theimplementation of compensation are required to be effected prior to theconstruction of the road. The need for the preparation of the mitigation measureis presented in operational manual of the World Bank.

The World Bank OP 4.12 under the title of "Involuntary Resettlement" hasaddressed the need for the treatment of the project impacts, which cannot beavoided. Many other manuals, policies, laws & regulations of the country alsoaddressed the involuntary resettlement issue. The main objective of this study isto identify the socio economic impacts of the project to the extent feasible andpropose mitigation measures, which need to be implemented prior to theconstruction of the road.

4.3.1 Expropriation

The 1960 Civil Code of Ethiopia contains relevant provisions regardingexpropriation of property for public purposes considered to be in the publicdomain (Arts.1444-1488). Art. 1445 provides that any property belonging to theState or other administrative bodies shall be deemed to form part of the publicdomain. It also stipulates that properties which form part of the public domain arethose placed at the disposal of the public or destined to a public service.

More relevant for our purpose, Art. 1446 provides that roads, streets.. .etc. ifowned by the State or other administrative bodies form part of the public domain.It further stipulates that the competent authorities may, by way of expropriationproceedings, obtain the land necessary for the creation of roads and streets andmay, by alignment proceedings widen or straighten existing roads or streets (Art.1450). In case the alignment land shows unbuilt land within public ways suchland shall be incorporated to such public ways and where the alignment planshows built land such land shall be charged with a servitude to draw back (Arts.1451 and 1452). Servitude is a form of property right provided in the Civil Code(Arts. 1359-1385) which gives the right of way to someone over the property ofanother. In other words, in case of road construction (rehabilitation/upgradingetc), the government body which does the work is given the right of way overanother's property or holder of the land. In this sense, it creates a restriction onthe right of the holder of the land. In both instances, the expropriation for buildingroads gives the person the right to claim compensation in accordance with Arts1470-1477 of the Civil Code (Art. 1453). The compensation provisions of theCivil Code will be discussed in a later part of this section.

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The provisions on expropriation proceedings and procedures on compensation areprovided under Arts. 1460-1488 of the Civil Code. Some of the relevantprovisions regarding expropriation proceedings stipulate that:

* That the competent authority has the right to compel the owner tosurrender the ownership (in our case the use right of the landholder) of animmovable property for public purposes (Art. 1460);

* The project which makes expropriation necessary shall be declared bynotice to be in the public interest (Art. 1463).

* Where public inquiry is necessary, the declaration of public utility will notbe made until the public interest has been consulted (Art. 1465).

* Once the project is declared to be in the public interest, determination ofwhich immovable need to be expropriated for carrying out the project willbe made and the persons having property rights over the immovable willbe notified to this effect. The persons to be affected by the expropriationshall express their views on the necessity of the expropriation within areasonable time (Art. 1466).

In a similar vein, the Ethiopian Roads Authority Re-establishment ProclamationNo 80/1997 gives era the power to " use, free of charge, land and such otherresources and quarry substances required for the purpose of construction andmaintenance of highways and other required services; provided, however, that itshall pay compensation in accordance with the law of properties on the land ituses" (Art. 6.18). The right of expropriation given to ERA under itsreestablishment Proclamation and in previous proclamations is in essence similarwith the provisions of the Civil Code because the road works conducted by ERAis in the public domain.

4.3.2 Right of Way

ERA has been exercising what it calls a right of way of adjacent land to roads itconstructs which is 30 mts in extent. This right of way that ERA exercises seemsto have been established in practice through specifications and not by any form oflegislation which gave ERA, by law, to exercise such right. In practice, the rightof way concept within ERA has been and is flexible, especially in urban areas. Inthis sense, therefore, it might be difficult to assert that it would not givecompensation to persons who have encroached on land deemed to be a right ofway unless this is enforceable by law. It seems that it is in recognition of this thatArt. 6.17 of Proclamation No. 80/1997 re-establishing ERA gives the power toERA to "determine the extent of land required for its activities, in the adjacencyas well as surrounding of highways, and the conditions of use of such land byothers". From the discussions we have had with ERA, it is now conducting astudy as to how to determine the right of way and the conditions of its use by thirdparties. The practice to date is that ERA pays compensation to affected personsregarding land deemed to be a right of way. This is a correct position in light ofthe fact that the right of way ERA is de facto and not de jure (emanating from

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law) and therefore cannot be legally enforceable. However, it is proposed that inthe future ERA's right of way should be deternined by law which can then beenforceable on persons encroaching in such right of way. If the right of way formspart of the public domain, it may not be occupied by a private person except withthe authorization of the competent authority as provided in Art. 1457 of the CivilCode. In such cases, the Civil Code empowers the competent authorities (in thiscase ERA) to order at any time the destruction of any work or the cessation of anyactivity which impairs the existence or purpose of the property forming part of thepublic domain (Art. 1459(1) ). In other words, once ERA establishes by law aright of way, this may be considered a public domain and it can enforce its rightsby means of ordering a cessation of any activity that violates such rights or evenorder the destruction of any works done in such right of way. Moreover, if anyadministration grants a concession or authorization on such public domain thismay be revoked (Art. 1459 (2) and in such cases the person affected by suchrevocation can claim compensation from the administrative authority which gavethe concession or authorization (Art. 1459 (3)).

4.3.3 Property to be Compensated

As discussed in Section 4.1.1, the Constitution lays down the basis for theproperty to be compensated in case of expropriation as a result of State programsor projects in both rural and urban areas. Art. 44.2 clearly states that " All personswho have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as aresult of state programs have the right to a commensurate monetary or alternativemeans of compensation, including relocation with adequate state assistance."Thus, persons who have lost their land as a result of acquisition of such land forthe purpose of road works are entitled to be compensated to a similar land plus therelated costs arising from relocation; assets such as buildings, crops or fruit treesthat are part of the land etc. The Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Frameworkprepared by ERA also expressly and appropriately recognizes that Art. 44.2 of theConstitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia provides the basisfor the compensation procedures and the legal framework for its resettlement andrehabilitation policy (ERA, 2002, p.13)

4.3.4 Compensation and Valuation Procedures and Methods

The 1960 Civil Code of Ethiopia contains some provisions pertaining tocompensation procedures. Art. 1470 provides that an owner, bare owner orcustomary owner of an expropriated immovable and any person who benefits by aservitude (e.g. customary/usufruct rights of way to a religious site or nationalparks etc) shall inform the competent authorities of the amount of compensationthey claim within one month after notification that their rights would be affectedby the expropriation. Where there is disagreement on the amount of compensationclaimed by the affected persons and the competent authority, Art. 1471 provides

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for the establishment of an arbitration appraisal committee to decide on theamount of compensation. However, there is no provision regarding who should bemembers of such arbitral committees.

It is provided that the principle in determining the amount of compensation isthe amount of compensation or the value of the land that may be given to replacethe expropriated land shall be equal to the amount of actual damage caused byexpropriation" (Art. 1474 (1)). As regards elements to be taken into accountwhen determining the amount compensation, the statement made by thecontending parties (the persons to be affected by the expropriation and theadministrative authorities e.g. ERA) regarding the value of the property or therights expropriated is to be taken into account as well as the increase in valuearising from the construction of the public works (Art. 1475). However, anybuilding or improvement made after the service (notification) of the expropriationorder for the purpose of obtaining a greater amount of compensation shall not betaken into account in determining the amount of compensation (Art. 1476).Although the principle is set out with respect to valuation of land and other assetsexpropriated as discussed above, the details to be followed regarding valuationmethods are not provided for in the Civil Code. This is left to the bodiesestablished to determine the details of the valuation procedure presumablybecause it is a technical matter.

The Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework prepared by ERA (ERA,February 2002) contains various elements that ERA should follow regardingcompensation procedures; Methods of valuation; consultation and participationprocess, grievance procedures as well as the institutional framework in thepreparation of the resettlement action plans.

Regarding compensation procedures, ERA has provided for a three-step approachto be followed. First, the establishment of compensation committees in each localgovernment (Woreda) affected by the expropriation comprising of representativesfrom local governments, representatives from project affect persons (PAPs) andthe ERA right of way agent. Second, is the assessment of replacement values ofidentified assets and the third step is to establish compensation rates for all assetsto be expropriated. The compensation committees have the function of conductingthe registration of affected properties and the number of PAPs per households anddetermnining the compensation rates taking into account the World Bankrequirements. It is also provided in the policy framework that all compensationwill be effected ahead of the civil works (p27). This is in line with Art. 1478 ofthe Civil Code which provides that the competent authorities may not takepossession of an expropriated immovable until they have paid the amount ofcompensation fixed.

Although the criteria of eligibility is not expressly articulated in theresettlement/rehabilitation framework prepared by ERA, the identification of theeligible persons for compensation is presumably done during the course of

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registration of affected properties and the census made of project affected persons.Moreover, ERA has committed itself to take into account World Bankrequirements for determining compensation. Thus, the eligibility criteriacontained in OP 4.12 of the World Bank's operational manual on involuntaryresettlement will be the one that ERA follows when determining eligible personsfor compensation. The criteria for eligibility for displaced persons contained inOP 4.12 are: a) those who have formal legal to land (including customary andtraditional rights recognized by law of the country); b) those who do not haveformal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but have a claim to suchlands or assets- provided that such claims are recognized under the laws of thecountry or become recognized through a process identified in the resettlementplan and c) those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land theyare occupying (see p. 6 of OP 4.12). These are important factors because they alsodetermine the compensation rates to be provided to PAPs.

The eligibility criteria set by the World Bank is basically in line with the nationallegal requirements. In regard to legal rights over land , the eligibility with respectto land rights can be easily determined in most cases because land is owned by theGovermment in both rural and urban areas and there are authorities such aspeasant associations in rural areas and municipalities, woredas and Kebeles inurban areas who allocate the land or give legal recognition to such land to theperson using such land affected by expropriation. Legal documents such ascertificates of registration may be difficult to obtain in rural areas but in cases ofurban areas where municipalities exist there affected persons may have such legaldocuments. In practice, however, such legal documents may be difficult to findeven in urban areas and most residents may claim such rights due to many yearsof possession or occupation of the land which in most cases is recognized by theurban authorities. Moreover, the Civil Code also recognizes that a possessor of animmovable shall become an owner of such an immovable if he/she has paid taxesfor fifteen consecutive years (Art. 1168). With the exception of the land which isowned by the Government, this would apply to buildings, residential houses etc.

One other important factor contained in the World Bank's OP 4.12 is the non-entitlement of persons who encroach on the area subject to expropriation after a'cut-off date'. The cut-off date is presumably after the period a census is made todetermine eligible persons at the initial stage the compensation committeeundertakes this activity. Such persons will not be eligible to compensation or anyother form of resettlement assistance. For Nekempt - Mekenajo road, the 'cut-offdate' is 3O0h January 2003.

The procedures followed for identifying PAPS; the Consultations andParticipation Process of Various Stakeholders and the determination ofcompensation rates and valuation procedures are discussed at length in ERA'sResettlement/Rehabilitation framework. It is not the purpose of this section todiscuss these further. What can be said generally is that they provide adequateprocedures and methods of valuation and are in line with World Bank's


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requirements and the national policies, laws and regulations. What needs to beseen is how in practice these requirements are adhered to. ERA's policyframework provides sufficient guidelines for monitoring and evaluation and it isbelieved that this would really be a learning process for improvement of futureresettlement action plans. One issue that might arise in the future is the lack ofadequate land to relocate persons displaced by expropriation within the vicinitythese persons have been displaced or to find suitable land to this effect. In thiscase, non-land based options providing opportunities for employment or self-employment is the preferred option as provided in the World Bank OP 4.12.Sustainability of this option in terms of providing the right opportunities foralternative employment or self-employment equal to that of the value of theproperty to sustain the livelihood of the displaced persons is an issue that mayrequire constant improvement and thought.

4.4 Institutional and Administrative Framework

4.4.1 Federal Democratic Republic of Etlhiopia and Administration Regions

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) was formally establishedon August 21, 1995. The FDRE comprises of the Federal states with nineRegional State members. The new government structure takes power from thecenter to regions and localities. The relative roles of government at the differentlevels (Federal, Regional and Local) in terms of power and duties, including onfiscal matters, have been defined by the Constitution, Proclamations Nos. 33 of1992, 41 of 1993, and 4 of 1995. Under these proclamations, duties andresponsibilities of Regional States include planning, directing and developingsocial and economic programs, as well as the administration, development andprotection of resources of their respective regions.

4.4.2 The Environmental Protection Autlhority

The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) was established in August 1995,under Proclamation 9/1995, and is an autonomous government body reportingdirectly to the Council of Ministers. It has a broad mandate coveringenvironmental matters at federal level. The Proclamation sets out the mainresponsibilities and broad organizational structure of the EPA and these include:to establish a system for EIA of projects, policies, strategies, laws and programsand to enforce implementation of this EIA process (i.e. review EIA reports) andthe recommendations which result from it for projects that are subject to Federallicensing, execution or supervision. EPA is also responsible to provide advice andtechnical support to the regions on environmental matters

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In view of the multi-sectoral nature of the EPE and the number of governmentagencies involved in various aspects of environmental management, overall co-ordination and policy review and direction is the responsibility of anEnvironmental Protection Council (EPC) within EPA, whose members representthe key agencies concerned with policy implementation. With these powers, EPAhas the mandate to involve itself with all environmental issues and projects thathave a federal, inter-regional (involving more than one Region) and internationalscope.

4.4.3 Ethiopiant Roads Authority

The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) is the Government body responsible forthe administration of the RSDP. ERA is a legally autonomous agency in charge ofthe development and management of the country's road network: planning,construction and maintenance of trunk and major link roads, while responsibilityof rural roads has been decentralized to regional Rural Road Authorities (RRAs).

Right-of-Way (ROW) BranchERA's legal division, and in particular its right of way protection branch isresponsible for implementation of all resettlement action plans. It negotiates withregional governrment bodies, rural and urban kebele administrations to secureright of way for highway maintenance and construction purposes as well as forthe establishment of quarry and camp sites.

ROW negotiate with property owners, rural and urban dwellers associations (orkebele administration) in fixing compensation for any building, crop, vegetationand other property through judicial methods.

ROW investigates claims and disputes arising from land acquisition; recommendsacceptance or rejection of compensatory claims and ensures that payments areeffected as agreed with claimants or as decided by the competent authority;secures receipts and land transfers for road construction.

ROW organizes property valuation committee from appropriate Regionalofficials, community elders and introduce the committee with the authority'sstandard methodology and procedures of valuation of properties on the land.

The Branch, where appropriate, establishes arbitration appraisal committee forconducting negotiations with property owners or their representatives, ensuresthat accepted appraisal methods and techniques are followed in the valuation ofproperty.

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ERA's Environmental Monitoring and Safety BranchThe Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch (EMSB) was established inJanuary 1998 as Environmental Management Branch (EMB). It is establishedwithin the Planning and Programming Division of the Engineering andRegulatory Department to address environmental matters arising from the roaddevelopment programme.

The main responsibilities of the branch include:

* Advising senior management and assisting in the decision-making process onall road sector environmental issues;

* Advising senior management and assisting in the decision-making process onall road sector environmental issues;

* Ensuring that environmental issues are adequately addressed in connectionwith the activities of all ERA departments and divisions;

* Supervision of EIAs and RAP's for road sector projects.

4.4.4 Regional Governments

The project road falls within Oromiya Regional State. Under the RegionalGovernments are have zonal administrations. Zones are in their turn divided intoWoredas. The basic administration unit is the Wereda and each Wereda is sub-divided into the grassroot administration level of Kebele in Urban areas andfarmers associations in rural areas. Each administrative unit has its own localgovernment elected by the people.

Based on the powers and responsibilities of the regional governments, theRegional Governments have established Sectoral Bureaus, Commissions andAuthorities.

In accordance with the principles of decentralization set out in the Ethiopianconstitution, Regional states shall establish their own independent Regionalenvironmental agencies or designate existing agencies that shall be responsible forenvironmental monitoring, protection and regulation within their respectivejurisdictions. These are expected to reflect the environmental managementrequirements at local level.

The Regional Government Environmental Agencies shall:

* based on the CSE, coordinate the formulation, implementation, review orrevision of regional conservation strategies.

* facilitate the establishment of lower level environmental coordinating bodiesat the zonal, wereda and community levels

* ensure the implementation of federal environmental standards or, asappropriate, issue and implement their own no less stringent standards.

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* prepare reports on the state of the environment and sustainable developmentof their respective states and submit them to the Authority.

4.4.5 Oromiya Office of Environmental Protection

In accordance with the principles of government decentralization set out in theEthiopian constitution, Regional states shall establish their own independentRegional environmental agencies or designate existing agencies that shall beresponsible for environmental monitoring, protection and regulation within theirrespective jurisdictions. These are expected to reflect the environmentalmanagement requirements at local level.

Many of the responsibilities related to environment within the Oromiya RegionalGovernment Bureaus are only now being formulated and additionally the originalbureau structure is being reorganized whereby the environmental activities whichused to be part of the bureau of agriculture, is now included in the newlyestablished Office of Environmental Protection.

The Regional Government's Office of Environmental Protection shall:

* based on the CSE, coordinate the formulation, implementation, review orrevision of regional conservation strategies.

* facilitate the establishment of lower level environmental coordinating bodiesat the zonal, wereda and community levels

* ensure the implementation of federal environmental standards or, asappropriate, issue and implement their own no less stringent standards.

* prepare reports on the state of the environment and sustainable developmentof their respective states and submit them to the Authority.


Eilliopian Roa(ds Authority PANAF and AFRO ConsisltNekemnt - Mekenayo Road Upgradiing Project

5 POTENTIAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT

5.1 Description of the Project Socio-Economic Environment

5.1.1 Fain ily Size of the Project Affected People

The total population of the Project Affected (fully or partially) population isestimated at 1,685. Of this total population, 516 is in urban areas and theremaining 1,169 is located in rural areas (will lose strips of farm land). Of the1,685 people that will be affected, only 241 (or 22 HH) will be fully affected(relocated). These people will be relocated in a new plot but in the same locality.

Partially Affected Full Affected TotalHH Population HH Population HR Population

Urban Areas 52 342 22 174 74 516Rural Areas 167 1,169 Nil Nil 167 1,169TOTAL 219 1,511 22 174 1 241 1,685

The family size of the PAP range from 1 to 16. The average family size is 7.0 forthe whole of the affected people. The family size of each of the affectedhousehold is presented in Annex 3.

5.1.2 Gender and Age Structure of the Project Affected People

In both the urban and rural areas, there are both female and male headedhouseholds that would be affected by implementation of the project road. Out ofthe 74 total affected household heads, 12 (16.2%) are female and the rest 62(83.8%) are male.

The age structure of the family heads ranges between 24 to 86 and the averageage of the affected HH heads is 45.6. The gender and age structure of the ProjectAffected Family Heads is attached in Annex 3.

5.1.3 Livelihood of the Project Affected People

The project affected populations residing in the area are engaged in different typesof livelihood activities. The livelihood activities where the majority of thepopulation engaged in are trade and farning. In addition to these, there are alsosome people that are working in government institutions.


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The project affected populations residing in the area are engaged in different typesof livelihood activities. The livelihood activities where the majority of thepopulation engaged in are trade and farming. In addition to these, there are alsosome people that are working in government institutions.

Due to its locational advantage, the touseholds that live along the project road usetheir houses for different types of business activities. These houses in which theylive in serve as a major and regular sources of income. Some of the businessactivities they are engaged in are hotel, restaurant and bars, shops, selling of localdrinks (Tella, Tej, Areke), for storage of goods, pharmacies, barberry, etc. Thereare also significant number of people that use their houses (rented or privatelyowned) for business activities as well as for residence (multifunctional).

Table 5.1 Affected Household Who Lose Houses

No. Occupation Number of HH

1 Carpenter l2 Civil servant 93 Driver 14 Farmer 195 Mason 16 House wife 37 Laborer 18 Metal worker 19 Pensioned 610 Tailor 111 Teacher 312 Trade 1713 Unemployed 3

Unspecified 8TOTAL 74

Although the majority of the PAP were not able to exactly estimate their daily ormonthly income levels, an indicative information on income level and standard ofliving of the PAP were assessed during the socio- economic field survey (seeAnnex 3).

5.1.4 Ethnicity, Religion and Language of the Project Affected People

The ethnicities of the people are Oromo and Amhara. The majority of the peoplebelong to Oromo ethnicity group followed by the Amhara. Out of the totalhouseholds to be affected by the project only 7 are Amharas where as the restbelong to the Oromo ethnicity.

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Regarding language, oromigna and Amharic are widely spoken by the people.Even though the oromigna language dominates in the areas, almost all of thepeople can speak Amharic language irrespective of their ethnicity. No new accesswill be created to previously undeveloped areas, and there are no tribal people inthe project area whose traditional lifestyles could become compromised throughroad development.

Table 5.2 Ethnicity & Language of the Project Affected People

Ethnicity PercentageAmhara 9.2Oromo 90.8Total 100.0

Table: 5.3 Religion of the Project Affected People

Religion PercentageMuslim 13.2CJrisitians 86.8Total 100.0

5.1.5 Educational Background of tlhe Project Affected People

Data on educational background for all the population couldn't be made available,the educational background of the project affected people ranges from literates tocertificate level.

Detail information on sociological background of the PAP is found in Annex 3.

5.1.6 Historical, Cultural, and Religious Resources

The Ethiopian Tourism Commission has published a Tourism Master Plan(Tourconsult, 1995) which identified a number of sites of histoncal, cultural,religious and archaeological importance in the country and none of these arelocated along the Project Area. Enquiries to residents along the project road haveindicated that there are no known sites of historical or archaeological significancein the vicinity of the road.



5.1.7 Social Acceptability of the Project Road

Questionnaires were designed to test the public awareness of and attitudes to theproject and its consequences on the daily life and general livelihood. Although noprevious efforts were made to present the project to the communities and involvethem in the development process as stakeholders, all PAP consulted were awareof the project. They also have clear ideas as to what the project is all about andwhat are beneficial and detrimental impacts for their life. Therefore, theirknowledge about the project is good and their perceptions (expectations) ispositive.

During the consultation, they have confirmed that the project road is immenselyimportant to the lives of residents, in terms of providing access to health facilities,irregular trips taken for meeting people, and for hauling food, supplies and otheritems. Social acceptability of the upgrading the existing project road is very high.All people interviewed along the road, including PAP, elders and electedmembers of the community, have given clear information of acceptance of theroad improvements. Official attitudes at various levels of the local government(Wereda and Zone) are very encouraging. This project is also accorded a veryhigh national priority and the Minister for the Ministry of InfrastructureDevelopment is closely following the progress of this project.

5.2 Socio-Economic Impact of the Project

Over much of the length of the road, the widened carriageway, shoulders andlateral drains can be accommodated within the existing ROW, without the needfor land and property expropriation. There will be no realigned section throughany of the towns traversed by the road. However, in some of the towns, there isinsufficient clearance between the properties on either side of the road toaccommodate the proposed works. In these locations, a relatively narrow strip ofadditional land will be needed and properties will have to be demolished.

The potential impacts of the project associated with expropriation of land aredescribed in the following sections.

5.2.1 Social Impacts in Urban Areas

The social impacts on urban areas is basically related to houses and builtstructures. Based on this assessment, a total of 74 HH with a population of 516will be affected in urban towns due to implementation of the proposed roadprojects. Under the classification of "Urban Towns", small rural towns are alsoincluded and therefore the urban definition of Ethiopian settlements with over2,000 people doesn't strictly apply.

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In additition to the 74 HH, three government buildings (Kebele Offices) will beaffected.

The impact is quantified and presented in the Table 5.4. The figures are obtainedthrough an intensive investigation on the basis of a predesigned questionnairesand consultation meetings held with the affected population and local authorities(Woreda and Kebele). The family size of each household was collected throughinformation obtained from the household heads. In cases where the householdhead was not available during the survey, the data was collected either by theirfamily members or else by their neighbors and cross checked from kebeleauthorities.

Table 5.4 Total Urban Population to be affected by the Project Road

Affected No. Of Affected Total ProjectTowns/Villages Household Affected People

Degaga Dedesa PA 7 50Gimbi 47 340Jogir PA 2 13Nekemt 6 50Tole PA 12 63TOTAL 74 516

Note Nekeizpte and Gimbi townis have I and 2 affected government builings respectively

The list of names of the PAPs was collected during the socioeconomic survey inthe Project Areas is presented in Annex 3.

The affected 87 houses belonging to 74 HH and the 3 government buildings havea total compound area of 38,150m2 and the average land holding size is 477 m2.This is by far more than the Region's recommended minimum compound area,which is 200m2 that the municipalities give for the construction of residentialhouses currently. Out of this total plot area, only 6,850m2 (18.0%) will be affectedby the project and the remaining 31,298m2 (82.0%) land will not be affected. It isfrom this area of land that a total of 74 HH with 516 people and 3 Kebele Officeswill be affected.

The extent of the project impact varies from one individual to the other. Somewill be affected completely while others will lose strips of their land and on theremaining land area they could continue living and working in their originallocation without being affected much in terms of the portion of their compoundarea they have to lose. The reconstruction of their houses within their previouscompound would allow them to live there without moving out of the area. On thecontrary some have to be relocated to other places. The overall summary of theproject impact on the urban areas (houses and other structures) along the projectroad is presented in Annex 5.

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Out of the 87 affected houses, 18 (of which 2 are under construction) houses areused for various types of commercial activities, 3 are used partly for residence andpartly for commercial activities, 1 is a service quarter and the remaining 72 forresidence. Hence, categorization of the effect (partially and fully affected) andcompensation entitlement stem from the assessment that recognizes the formeruse and practice of the houses, the possibility of reestablishing them in the samebut remaining plot and choice of the PAP's for re-housing.

Table 5.5 Summary of Project Effect Category by Town

Classification Fully Affected Partially Affected TotalDegaga Dedesa 7 7Gimbi 19 28 47Jogir Pa 2 0 2Nekemt 1 5 6Tole 0 12 12Total 22 52 74

Source Consultants field survey

Fully Affected: The reason for fully affected HH is that almost all the plot area istaken and the PAP cannot reestablish herself/himself in the remaining compoundarea for the former use and practice of the houses. A total of 22 households in 3different towns (out of the 5 affected towns) will be fully affected. In addition tothese houses, at each Nekempt and Gimbi towns one government office will befully affected. These HH will be receive full compensation to rebuild new house,Compensation value (inconvenience cost) and compensation for incomerestoration during construction and transfer for loss of business. The lists ofnames of the PAPs that will be fully affected and the entitlement are given inAnnex 5 and 6.

Partially Affected: Based on the field assessment, a total of 52 households willbe partially affected. These partially affected households will be able to continueliving and working within their present plot without any need of relocation on anew plot of land. Therefore, they will be compensated for the houses which willbe affected by the project. In addition to these houses one more government officeat Gimbi will be partially affected. The lists of names of the PAPs that will bepartially affected are shown in Annex 5 and 6.

The type and purpose of the houses are not identical. Out of the affected 87houses 61 are made up of wood and mud with corrugated iron sheet roofingwhereas 5 houses are made of Hollow block and 11 are tatched houses. Thefollowing table presents the summery of the type and the purpose of the houseswhereas the details are presented in Annexes 6.

Table 5.6 Type of Affected Houses

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No. Type of the Houses No.*I Tatched 112 Mud walls with grass roofing 73 Mud walls with corrugated iron sheet roofs 614 Brick houses 15 Hollow concrete block with corrugated iron sheet roofs 56 Masonry stone with corrugated iron sheet roofs 2

_ Total 87Note * The total includes the 2 affected government buildings

5.2.2 Impacts of the Project in Rural Areas

In rural areas, the main social impacts of the road project are on strips of farmlandalong the road. During the field survey, the potential impact of the project on ruralareas was assessed. In the rural parts of the road there are some farmers that farmtheir land within the ROW of the road. In some rural areas the road passesthrough unutilized government land.

In addition to farm lands there are also a number of eucalyptus and fruit trees insome parts along the road.

5.2.2.1 Impact of thie Project on Farm Lands

In rural section of the project road, an estimated 31ha of strips of farmlandbelonging to 167 HH or 1,169 people will be partially affected. The names of the167 heads of households who will lose the strips of farmland, will be establishedby ERA and the Woreda and the Kebele administrations at the beginning of theimplementation of this RAP. The compensation for the forgone benefits fromaffected farmnlands has been budgeted and will be paid on the basis of the unitrates established in this RAP.

5.2.2.2 Impact of the Project on Roadside Trees

It is estimated that a total of 2,000 eucalyptus and 700 fruit trees (mango andbanana trees) will be affected. These trees serve as source of income of the PAP.The trees that will be affected by the project will be compensated and the numberare summarized in the table that follows.

Table 5.6 Crops and Permanent Trees to be Affected in the Project Areas

Tree/Crops Number of trees

Eucalyptus 2,000Mango 400Banana 300

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5.3 Social Services to be Interrupted

In the entire project area, people have form of informal social association, whichare known as Edir and Baltina. These two major associations are also common inthe majority of the rest of the country. People form them entirely on voluntarybasis and they contribute a fixed sum of money on a specified time periods. Intimes of the occurrence of incidence upon any of the members, the victim gets afixed amount of financial assistance and also other form of close assistance fromthe association. It is a form of association that gives confidence for its membersso that people establish them in many places. The potential to interrupt the PAPsfrom these social services was assessed. Based on the survey, the fully affected 16HH will be relocated in the same locality and they will not be interrupted fromthese social services.

5.4 Disruption to Services

In the larger towns, small diameter water mains run at the margins of the road andthere are also water points close to the road, and may lie under the road in places.Phone and low tension electricity lines, supported on posts, also run near to theroad margins. Some of the town services will need to be relocated, in order toaccommodate the widened road. The magnitude of the losses on theseinfrastructures and its effect on the services it provides could not be known easilyand with physical observation alone. A proper assessment, information, its planand cost could only be provided and made by the authorities of respectiveorganizations.

Outside the towns, there are no known services that will be affected by theconstruction activities.

Electricity and Telephone Poles: The study tram has tried to assess themagnitudes of the losses that could be occurred upon the electric and telephonepoles found along the project road. The Nekemt branch office of the twocorporations namely the Ethiopian Electric and Power Corporation and theEthiopian Telecommunication Corporation were requested to provide theamount of replacement value that will required for the relocation of the system.According to them the counting of the poles by itself cannot lead to the magnitudeof the losses. The estimation requires an intensive field trip, which may take upto the minimum of three months time. In addition to this request the twocorporations were further requested through formal letter to notify the estimate ofthe expected losses that can be occurred upon these services. However, only thetelecommunication corporation has notified the crude replacement costrequirement for the sake of budgeting. It has further notified that the detail costestimate will worked in the future upon the request of the interested body. On heother hand no response was received from the electric and power corporation. Forthe sake of including the budget estimate of this public infrastructure, an estimatewill be worked out.

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Water Supply Services: On the basis of the information obtained from theNekempt water supply and sewerage service the following pipes which crossesthe road and run along the road will be affected.

Table 5.7 Water supply Schemes that will be affected by the Project

Nr Description Nekempt Gimbi

1 Supplying & relaying of Galvanized steel 7000 m 14000 mpipes with all necessary fittings.

2 PVC pipe DN 200 mm 120 m 240 m3 Saddle clamp 2 pcs 4pcsSource for iVeketnpt, Nekempt water supply andfor Ginbi it is a consultant estuiate

5.5 Impact Associated With Ancillary Works

The construction camps, borrow and quarry sites, as well as access roads willrequire land both on temporary and permanent basis. In addition, land for detourand spoil dump may also be required during the construction of the road. There isuncertainties regarding the nature and extent of associated with these ancillaryworks sites. However, the approach taken to compensation recognises the fact thatthere will be uncertainties until sites have been selected and it is known preciselyhow the contractors propose to develop them.

However, based on current practice the impact due to these ancillary works isquantified. The average area of land required for the site office and residencecampsite is taken from the current practice of other roads in the region. Hence,based on current practice in the area, 40,000 m2 is estimated for the contractor'ssite office. The following table depicts the area of land that may be required byeach of the campsites.

Table 5.8 Estimated Camp site Area on Nekemt-Mekenajo Road (in 000 m2)

Nr Supervision Camps Contractors Detour and TotalCamps soil Dump

1 20 40 40 100Source Estimated based on the Mieso Camp & Residence Camp

The affected area is assumed to consist only farmlands. The estimation of theselands on the basis of the farmland enables to allocat safer compensation budget sothat any surprises can be handled. Compensation will be paid for temporary loss

Res'ettlemnent Action Plans - Fitial 35 March, 2003


of strips of land due to the ancillary works. Based on this assumption, the impactdue to these ancillary works is quantified and compensation cost is estimated andpresented in this report.

Should the lost strips of farms to diversions and borrow pits not be restored totheir origional land use/status at the end of the civil works, then farmers should becompensated for permanent loss of strips of land before official handing over ofthe road to ERA.

It is possible that there could be a minor road alignment change during the actualconstruction stage and the decision to use borrow and quarry sites is also lie withthe contractors and some of the sites will probably continue to be used after theconstruction period (to provide aggregate for periodic surfacing maintenance).Therefore, identification of PAP related to these ancillary works and the extent ofPAA are to be determined during the construction of the road.

5.6 Impact on Vulnerable Groups

The socio-economic survey identified 22 vulnerable PAPs. Out of these 22vulnerable PAPs, 12 are female and 10 are elderly people (above the age of 60).During implementation of the RAP, this group will be given attention and care.The list of project affected vulnerable people are given in the Table below.

Table 5.9 - List of Project Affected Vulnerable People

Name of the AffectedHousehold Head Z.

1 Degaga Dedesa Ato Adugna Tola None Male 60 Male & old Age

2 Ato Olani Erge Juka Tole None Male 86 Male & old Age3 Tole W/o Taiyu Muleta Tole None Female 50 Female

4 W/o Deme Deno Tole None Female 60 Female & Old age5 Gimbi W/o Bedane Huluka 05 None Female 60 Female & Old age

6 Ato Yadesa Deresa 05 None Male 60 Male & old Age7 W/o Sadia Mehamed 05 211 Female 55 Female8 W/O Dmknesh Abateneh NA 64 Female 75 Female9 Ato Nurhusen Mehamed 02 122 Male 65 Male & old Age10 Shek Dihur Nuru 02 121 Male 70 Male & old Age11 W/o Kibotu Geleta 02 None Female 55 Female

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12 W/o Nigatua Abiyu 06 1226 Female 68 Female & Old age13 Aba emiru Wakjira 06 None Male 60 Male & old Age14 Ato Tezkira Tolesa 06 None Male 67 Male & old Age15 W/o Alemntu Jaleta 01 None Female 60 Female & Old age16 Ato Teso Gemeda 01 None Male 70 Male & old Age17 W/o Regatu Kaba 01 None Female NA Female

18 Jogir PA W/o Tsehai Alemu None Female 38 Female19 Ato Jote Fite 02 None Male 60 Male & old Age

20 Nekempt W/o Menma Abrham 02 None Female 30 Female21 W/o Zemzem Kedir 02 None Female 35 Female22 _Ato Ousma Ahmed Mehamed 09 157 Male 60 Male & old Age



6 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

ERA has committed itself to take into account World Bank requirements fordetermining compensation. Thus, the eligibility criteria contained in OP 4.12 ofthe World Bank's operational manual on involuntary resettlement is the one thatERA follows when determining eligible persons for compensation. The eligibilitycriteria set by the World Bank is basically in line with the national legalrequirements. Therefore, the following criteria for eligibility for displaced personscontained in OP 4.12 are adopted in this RAP

i. Those who have formal legal right to land (including customary andtraditional rights recognized by law of the country);

ii. Those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the censusbegins but have a claim to such lands or assets- provided that such claimsare recognized under the laws of the country or become recognized througha process identified in the resettlement plan and

iii. Those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they areoccupying (see p. 6 of OP 4.12).

Persons who encroach on the area subject to expropriation after a 'cut-off date'are not entitled. Persons who encroach on the area subject to expropriation after a'cut-off date' are not entitled. During consultations with local officials, they wereinformed that no one would be entitled to compensation after the surveyconducted. For Nekempt - Mekenajo road, the 'cut-off date' is 30'h January 2003.A list of eligible persons was established and pictures of properties were taken(see Annex 9 Project Photos). This documentation was submitted to the localadministrations between 1 1th and 14th March 2003.

Also, the number of PAPs per households and the affected properties (includingproperties and farm lands found within the right-of-way) were determinedincluding the compensation rates taking into account the ERA's ResettlementPolicy and World Bank requirements.

However, during implementation of this RAP each affected Household head orindividual person or party that claim entitlement have to prove their legal rightsover the immovable to be expropriated in order to qualify as a legitimatestakeholder and receive compensation.

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7 METHODS OF VALUING AFFECTED ASSETS

7.1 Compensation for Loss of Houses and Business

7.1.1 Methods of Valuing Replacement Costfor the Affected Houses

In line with the Resettlement /Rehabilitation Policy Frame Work of the EthiopianRoads Authority, the basis of valuation of houses is Gross Current ReplacementCost (GCRC) (ERA, Resetlment /Rehabilitaion policy Flamentonc, Fegruary2002, pp-26). This is defined as the estimated cost of erecting a building as newhaving the same total external area as that existing with the site works andservices on a similar piece of land. The valuation process also consider the use ofcompensation value for affected properties.

"Compensation Value" is defined as the amount to be paid to the lease holderwhich is calculated as an amount which is above the gross current replacementcost, including the costs for the inconvinience caused to the leaseholders byrelocation, and to enable the same leaseholders to build slightly better houses thanwhat they currently occupy (RPF, Feb. 2002).

In determining the replacement cost for affected houses, the following points areconsidered:

* the current construction cost for replacement(with no allowance fordeprecation) is considered;

* depreciation of the asset and the value of salvage materials are not takeninto account, nor is the value of benefits to be derived from the projectdeducted from the valuation of an affected asset;

* for those houses that are partially demolished/affected are assumed as ifthe entire house is affected. Therefore, compensation for the entire housewill be paid;

* The compensation rate is estimated on the basis of the type of the affectedhouses. The cost of each house that would be replaced is estimated on thebasis of specification and bill of quantities prepared by the municipalitiesof each zonal town and verfied with PAP; and

* The households who lose their houses due to the project will receive fullreplacement cost plus compensation value. The compensation value is thefamily's expenses and loss in income in making the transition is dulyrecognised and accounted and compensated for to cover the loss ofestablished business, and the social disruptions and inconveniencies. Withthis compensation value, the affected people can cover any expensesassociated with their relocation/re-housing including access to social andpublic services.

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The compensation principles for various affected population groups is given inthe table below.

Compensation Principles for Various Affected Population Groups

Affected Population Categories Compensation Entitlements Compensation Strategy

- Full compensation to rebuild new - Relocate/rebuild house within thehouse remaining plot

- Compensation valueResidence inconvenience cost, to enable PAP

to build better house and the costof during transfer to the newplace.

o - Full compensation to rebuild new Relocate/rebuild house within thehouse remaining plot

- Compensation valueinconvenience cost, to enable thePAP to build better house and the

Zt < Business cost of transport during transfer toO the new place

- Compensation for income

restoration during constructionO and transfer

Z- Full compensation to rebuild new - Relocate/rebuild house within the

house remaining plot- Disturbance allowance to cover

-Residence and Business (multi- loss of income and relocationpurpose) cost

-Residences - Land replacement for housing Provide new land for rebuilding house- Full compensation for housing in the same town- Disturbance allowance to cover

cost of relocation and transport-Business - Land replacement to re-establish New plot with locational advantage to

similar business reestablish business (incomerestoration)

- Residence and Business - Full compensation to rebuild new Provide new land for rebuilding househouse and restablish business.

- Disturbance allowance to covercost of relocation and transport

- Adequate compensation to replacelost income


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- Compensation Value (Disturbance - The local administration will beallowance) to the tenants paid the appropriate compensation

- Full compensation to rebuild new and rebuild new houses within thePartially Affected house remaining land

- Retain the right on the new houseto be rebuild within the existingcompound

- Compensation Value (Disturbance - The local administration will beallowance) paid the appropriate compensation

- Full compensation to rebuild new and rebuild houses within the0 house remaining land and alot to the

Fully Affected - Retain the right on the new house same renter with the same rateto be rebuild within the existingcompound

- The housing right at the same ratcon new site

- Full compensation for rebuilding - New land for rebuilding the

Government Buildings new offices facilities

- Land on abondoned route after - Relocate on/provide new farmlandDue to realignment reinstating on abondoned route

- Forgone benefits for the duration - Minimize impacts where possibleof impact

0 - Forgone benefits for the duration - The temporary access road will beDue to Temporary access or of impact restored and returned back to thedetour - Restored farm land after the same owner after the construction

impact is over- Forgone benefits for the duration - The temporary access road will be

Borrow and Quarry Sites temporary of impact restored and retumed back to theBorrow and Quarry Sites temporary - Restored farm land after three same owner after the construction

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ years is over

Borrow and Quarry Sites Permnanent - Forgone benefits for ten years

Note: * Land loss due to borrow and quarry areas is a temporary loss to the PAP Only when ERA decides to retainthe sitesfor routine maintenance will the loss be permanent

7.1.2 Comnpensation for Loss of Houses

Re-housing/Relocation OptionsBased on the current findings about 74 households will lose their residentialhouses and/or business by the implementation of the proposed NekemptMekenajo road upgrading project. The socio-economic survey made by the studyteam indicated that PAPs were aware that they will have to move duringconstruction of the road project.

During the interview of the PAPs and their leaders, the re-housing options (self orassisted) and location preference for re-housing (on the remaining land or newlocation) were identified as suitable compensation/re-housing measures for theloss of their residential houses and/or livelihood.

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Almost all PAPs did not much like the idea of assisted relocation, if required tomove, they preferred to resettle themselves. However, their main concern wasthat the move should result in an improved standard of living.

Except one PAP, every interviewed PAPs want to rebuild their own housesthemselves. The compensation to all PAPs will be paid by ERA's ROW-A. Toensure that compensation will be used for building new houses, ERA and theKebele will establish re-housing/ compensation committees. The constitution ofthese committees is given in section 9.1. The entitlement for each PAP is detailedin Annex 6.

Replacement CostIrrespective of the location in the project area, the unit costs are taken to beidentical for the same type and purpose of the houses. This conclusion wasreached at by analyzing the construction cost of the different areas. The followingtable presents the unit costs of the houses that are in use for the estimation of thereconstruction of the houses.

Table 7.1 Unit cost of the replacement cost of the houses

Nr Type of the House Birr/m2

1 Wood and Mud Grass 200Roofing

2 Hollow Block Concrete 1,2503 Masonry 1,5004 Tatched Houses 6005 Wood and mud 7006 Bricks 1,3507 Hollow Block Concrete 2,500

(G+1)

For wood and mud type of the houses, the unit cost comes to be 700 birr/m2 floorarea. For the Stone masonary type of the house, 1500 birr/m2 floor area, 1250birr/m2 for hollow block concrete is assumed for all of the affected houses. Thisestimate can enable the people built by better quality of houses as compared withthe existing ones.

In towns, there is no shortage of land for replacement housing. During theconsultation meeting held with the local authorities at zonal and woreda level theyhave agreed to provide the affected households with a replacement land as muchas possible with equal locational advantage compared to their current location.Land acquistion have been confirmed during the 2nd field visit (See Annex 9).

The house plots and dwelling sizes allocation at new site ensures improvedstandards and conditions. No PAP will be relocated out of her/his community. AllPAP will be re-housed within their own towns and villages. Therefore, there are

Resettlemzent Action Plans - Fital 42 March, 2003


no tribal PAPs whose traditional lifestyle could become compromised through there-housing process.

See Table below for the number of households that would need allocation of plotsof land. The highest number in any town is 19, the average per town is 7.1households.

Classification Fully AffectedGimbi 19Jogir Pa 2Nekemt ITotal 22

Source Consultants field survey

7.1.3 Compensation for Business

For the owners and renters of commercial and mixed property, the consequencesof having to move away from the main road are considerably more significantthan for house owners, since the main road of all the towns concerned iseffectively the main commercial area and business losses may be considerable.Therefore, they will be paid adequate cash compensation for rebuilding (oralternative premises will be provided for those who rent from government/kebelehouses). They will be allowed to retain the remaining portion of the house forcommercial use and will also be paid compensation value for loss of earnings andto cover any of the other incidental expenses associated with having to move.

The majority of the PAPs were not able to exactly estimate their daily or monthlyincome levels. The refusal to disclose their income is related to tax. Therefore,before implementation this will have to be discussed with the affected PAPs. Thattime because they will know it is real, they will be open to disclose their income.For this RAP, the following set of principles are adopted for adequatelycompensating for loss of business and properly rehabilitating the PAPs.

* The process of land reallocation and compensation will be preceded by adetailed inventory of individual businesses.

* Compensation for loss of business during relocation to a new site isestimated to cover a three month net loss of income.

* The compensation payment takes into account that the PAP will receiveland for land compensation for relocation with equally suitable locationfor business activities as committed by the local authorities.

* All of these activities will be carefully planned and completed well inadvance of actual construction to allow enough time for appropriateresettlement and relocation of project affected persons.

* No construction commence until all land and property expropriationprocedures have been completed, replacement land allocated, and cashcompensation paid.


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The 3 affected government buildings will be compensated based on the unit ratesdeveloped for this RAP.

7.1.4 Compensation for Renters of Kebele Houses

For those affected HH who live in Kebele - owned rented accommodation, thelocal Kebele Offices will be paid cash compensation for construction of housesand will provide replacement houses for these affected households an alternativerental accommodation for the same cost. Out of the 74 households to be affected,only 4 number of households at Gimbi are tenants of Kebele houses.

7.2 Compensation for Loss of Farmlands

7.2.1 Method of Valuinig Replacement Cost for Loss of Strips of Farmland

Taking into account the nature of road upgrading project, the extent of landexpropriation on the sections concerned, it is unlikely that there will be anythingother than a low level of (partial) impact as far as agricultural landholders and theoverall project are concerned. In the project area, a shortage of farmland isreported by the local authorities and confirmed by the PAPs. Therefore, tocompensate the forgone benefit from agricultural land, only a cash compensationis considered in this RAP. There is an established practice within the OromiyaRegion that 10 years income from farmland will be calculated and given for thefarmers to be affected as compensation if the land is required for developmentpurposes.

The basis for the valuation of compensation is based on the different types ofcrops grown in the area and according to its current market prices. Other cropscould possibly be also grown but to a very limited scale. Therefore, in order tocarry out the estimate compensation for the loss of crops the valuation forcompensation is calculated on the above crops that commonly planted and growin the PAA. The following table shows the type of major crops that are grow inthe area and it also shows the percentage proportion and the highest possiblemarket price the products could fetch in the local market. Thus, teff occupies 2%of land out of the entire farmlands of the areas and wheat occupies 25% and thesame procedure applies for the rest of the crops shown in the table below.

Table 7.2 Estimates of Gross Income from one hectare of land

Land Crop Yield Yield Market Gross GrossCrops proportion Area Qt/ha Qt/Crop Price income/Ha Income

(%) (Ha) (Q ) area Birr/quintal (Birr) (Birr)

Resettlenient Action Plans - Final 44 Marc/, 2003

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Maize 23% 0.23 15 3.45 140 2,100 483Teff 10% 0.1 30 3 250 7,500 750Sorgum 20% 0.2 20 4 130 2,600 520Oats 12% 0.12 20 2.4 180 3,600 432Noug 10% 0.1 15 1.5 250 3,750 375Pea 15% 0.15 12 1.8 170 2,040 306Total 90% 0.9 16.15 187 3,598 2,866Source Collected f-om various offices of Agriculture

The above table represents the level of gross income that can be obtained fromone hectare of land. The gross income that can be obtained from one hectare ofland is therefore calculated to be Birr 2,866 as it is shown in the above table .thepossible highest market prices of the crops is taken in order to base thecompensation estimate at the level of the fair level.

The production of crops is possible only through the application of different typesof inputs ranging from human labor up to the application of modem inputs .theidentified major inputs and expenses of the farmers required from one hectare ofland is also can be calculated using area specific figures. The following tablepresents the input requirements for one hectare of land.

Table 7.3 Cost of Production per one Hectare of Land

Input Unit of Input Required Average Unit Total PriceMeasurement Per Ha of Land Price (Birr) (Birr)

Fertlizer 50 Kilo 2 200 400Weeding man days 20 5 100Pesticide unit 4 0.75 3land Preparation tractor 1 70 70Harvesting Quintal 22.45 12 269.4Land Tax 90Total _A932.4

Source Consultant 'sfield suivey

The overall input requirement for one hectare of land is estimated to be Birr932.4. The production of the gross income of farm products is possible throughthe application of the above level of expenses incurred. Therefore, by deductingthe input cost estimate from a gross income of the farm land, the net income fromone hectare of land will be obtained. The following table shows the level of netincome that could be obtained from one hectare of land.

Table 7.4 Average Annual Net Income from one Hectare of Farm land

Average Annual Average Cost of Average Annual NetCrops Gross Income Production Income (Birr)

(Birr) (Birr)

Resettlement Aclion Plans - Final 45 March, 2003


Teff 483 239.89 243.1Wheat 750 104.3 645.7Barley 520 208.6 311.4Maize 432 125.16 306.8Bean 562.5 156.45 406.1soya Bean 408 208.6 199.4Total 3155.5 1043 2112.5jSLourcel

According the calculation made in the above table, from a given one hectare ofland the net annual benefit of Birr 2,112.5 can be earned through the applicationof modem farm inputs. The application of modem inputs such as fertilizer andseeds has become a common practice in the whole of the project area.

According to the established practice in the PAA, when one is to be affected fromhis/her place, the ten-year gross income from the specified areas will becalculated and is given as a compensation for the project affected people.However, the study team couldn't get the written guidance for the use of suchprocedure. If one is to lose the land at permanent level, the limitation ofcompensation to only a specified period seems an irrational one. On the contraryit seemed reasonable if some one is basically provided with land for landcompensation than giving the monetary compensation on the basis of this ten-yearperiod.

The user of the land will transfer his holdings to his off springs implying that thebenefit that can be derived from the land continues indefinitely. Since farmers aregoing to lose their land permanently, they are also going to lose the benefits thatcould be derived from it. Therefore, the unit rate of compensating one hectare offarmland for the indefinite period of time should be established.

For a stream of net income (xi) accruing in each year (t), the present value (X) isgiven by applying the planning discount rate (i) over infinity:

00

X = E Xt / (l+r)'X=l

This is a finite sum because the net income will not have a growth rate as high asthe discount rate over any longer period. The present value of the above formulacan be reduced to the following formula.

X = xo / r

where X = net present valuer = discount rate


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The current discount rate of the country is 10% and therefore by applying theabove formula, the net present value of the Birr 2,112.5 is calculated as follows:

Net Present Value = Birr2,112.5/0.1 = 21,125.

7.2.2 Compensation for Permanent Loss of Crop Land

The above method of calculation of the present value of the farm products overinfinity is directly adopted from the work of E.V.K. Fitz Gerald entitled "Publicsector investment planning for developing countries". Therefore, crops onfarmlands that are found along this road, will be paid at the rate of Birr 21,125 forone hectare of farmland. This payment will be applied for those agricultural landthat will be permanently expropriated.

The formula applied is found out to be in conformity with the currentcompensation practice in the Oromiya region. The 10-year income of productscomes to be the same as this figure (Which is Birr 2,125*10=Birr 21,125).

It is understood that the construction of camp sites, access roads, detour and soildump areas temporarily require an estimated area of 40ha land. But due to the factthat : a topsoil could be affected by the project and in future that specific landmight remain unproductive (or infertile) for unspecified period of time. Campsitescould also remain under the ownership of the client after the completion of theconstruction work for the sake of road maintenance works, and that will beexpropriated by the project for the above purposes is considered permanentlyaffected in terms of compensation to be paid. Therefore, to compensate theforgone benefit from agricultural land, only a cash compensation is considered inthis RAP. There is an established practice within the Oromiya Region that 10years income from farmland will be calculated and given for the farmers to beaffected as compensation if the land is required for development purposes.

7.2.3 Compensation for Temporary Loss of Farmland

The overall area of land required for campsites, borrow and quarry sites, detour,and spoil dumping is estimated to be 31 hectare of land. Thus the area of cropland for which forgone benefit compensation would have to be paid is 3 1ha. Thefollowing table depicts the overall compensation amount which is required for thefarmlands of the road and will be compensated to PAP in the same manner asthose affected by the road itselfe. Compensating these PAPs is ERA'sresponsibility and this is discussed and agreed with them.

Table 7.5 Compensation to Cover Forgone Benefits from Agricultural Lands

No. Description Temporary Unit Totall I I Loss (ha) Rate compensation


Ethiopinn Roads Authority PANAF and AFRO ConisultNekenit - Mekenajo Road Upgrading Project

(Birr/ha) (Birr)1 Contractors camp 4 10,565 42,2602 Supervision Camp 2 10,565 21,1303 Spoil dumping site 4 10,565 42,2604 Access road construction 2 10,565 21,1305 Construction of Detour 19 10,565 200,735

Total 31 10,565 327,515

For those agricultural lands, that will be temporarily affected a 5 years forgonebenefits at the rate of Birr 10,625 will be paid. This will cover three crop yearsduring construction and 2 years of soil recovery period after the land is returned tothe holder. The total cost of cash compensation for the temporarily affected 31haof farmlands is Birr 327,515.

7.3 Compensation for Eucalyptus and Fruit Trees

7.3.1 Compensation for Eucalyptus Trees

An estimated 2,000 eucalyptus trees will be affected during the project roadconstruction. The compensation estimate for eucalyptus trees is calculated asfollows.

Eucalyptus tree can survive up to 30 years by actively giving production everyfive-years. For the first cut period, which is after five years from its plantationdate, only one stem could be harvested. Then during its consecutive cut periods,the tree duplicates itself with a number of copies. Therefore, in its second phasei.e. at its 10th year of age, a number of 3 copies can be harvested from the sameoriginal root. In the same token, at the third phase 4 copies and at the fourth phase5 copies will be harvested. Then after its fifth phase it will start declining andtherefore at the fifth and six phase either 2 or 1 copies respectively will beharvested. Accordingly, the total active life span of one eucalyptus trees reaches30 years time. The market price of one eucalyptus tree is Birr 4 in the localmarket.

The present value of the stream of income that can be derived from one root oftree is therefore calculated by applying the following formula.

PV =FV X PVF

PVF= 1/(I +t)

PV=FV X 1/(1+t)n


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Where PV = Present ValueFV = Future Value

PVF = Present Value Factor andT = Discount rate which is 10%.

By applying the above formula, the present value is calculated and presented inthe following table.

Resettlement Actioui Plans - Final 49 March. 2003


Table 7.6 Present Value of Affected Eucalyptus Trees

Year No.of Market PVF PVcopies Price (FV)

5 3 6 0.6209 11.176210 4 6 0.3855 9.25215 5 6 0.2394 7.18220 3 6 0.1486 2.22925 2 6 0.0923 1.107630 1 6 0.0573 0.3438

Total_ _ 31.3

The total number of eucalyptus trees counted along the project road is 2,000 innumber, and the compensation for these trees estimated to be Birr 62,600 at therate of Birr 31.30 per tree.

7.3.2 Compensation for Fruit Trees

Regarding the computation of the stream of future incomes that can be obtainedfrom the sell of the products of other trees, the present value of delayed annuitymethod of calculation is applied. The present value of a delayed annuity iscalculated in two steps. The first step is to compute the present value of theannuity at the date that annuity is started, while the second step is to discount thatvalue to some other date. The discount rate of the country, which is 10%, isapplied for the computation. On the basis of this method of calculation, thepresent value of the income streams from banana, orange, mango, coffee, chat,papaya, and sugar cane will be presented as follows. The following two majorassumptions are used for establishing the unit rats of the trees. (i)All of the treesare at a seedling stage at year 1995 E.C, and (ii) The first date of production willbe at different time periods in the future.

The above two assumptions lead to establish a uniform unit rate for identicaltypes of trees without considering the benefits which are already received by theowners of the trees in the past. These past benefits are considered to be zero andtherefore the owners will get the whole benefits that could be derived from thetree over its entire life. During the survey, it was observed that there are fullymatured and the owners are already getting benefits from them. On the other handthere also trees that are at a seedling stage. If different rates for a single type oftree are to be established on the basis of the different ages of each same type oftree, the application of the compensation payment may face difficulty ofacceptance by the people. Therefore, the seedling stage is being considered inorder to bring all of the trees under one base.

Resettlement Action Plans -Final 50 Marchi 2003

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Present Value of Delayed Annuity from Banana Tree

Banana tree starts giving yield after I years of its seedling time. One tree ofbanana duplicates itself and can survive up to the maximum of 10 years. From agiven parent tree and its copies, a total of 200 banana fruits could be collected peryear. On the basis of the current market price, one fruit tree can be sold at a rate ofBirr 0.1. On the basis of this, the present value of the streams of future incomesfrom one parent banana tree can be calculated using the present value of delayedannuity method of calculation. A 10% discount rate of the country is applied.This income deals with the present value at the end of 1995 E.C of annuity of Birr20(200 X Birr 0.1) per year extending from the end of 1998 E.C until the year2007, with 10% discount rate. Income occurs at the end of each year, including2007. This would be a 10 - year annuity, with a present value at the start of 1998of

P1998 = A XPVA (lOYr, 10%Y)= Birr 20X6.144= Birr 122.89

The discounted value at the start of 1995 can be computed now by discounting

P1995 = P1998 XPVF (3yr, 10%/)= Birr 122.89X0.7513

= Birrlll.70

Present Value of Delayed Annuity from Mango Tree

Mango tree starts giving yield after 8 years of its seedling time. One tree ofmango can survive up to the maximum time period of 40 years time. From a givenparent tree a total of 737 mango fruits could be collected per year. On the basis ofthe current market price, one fruit can be sold at a rate of Birr 0.20. On the basisof this, the present value of the streams of future incomes from one parent mangotree can be calculated using the present value of delayed annuity method ofcalculation. A 10% discount rate of the country is applied. This income dealswith the present value at the end of 1995 E.C of annuity of Birr 147.40 (737 XBirr 0.20) per year extending from the end of 2003E.C until the year 2043, with10% discount rate. Income occurs at the end of each year, including 2043. Thiswould be a 40 - year annuity, with a present value at the start of 2003 of

P2003 =A X PVA (4OYr, 10%)=Birr 147.40 X 9.779=Birr 1441.43

Resettlement Action Plans - Final 51 March. 2003

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The discounted value at the start of 1995 can be computed now by discounting

P19 9 5 = P2003 X PVF (8yr, 10%)= Birr 1441.43X 0.466= Birr 672.45

The following table shown the overall compensation amount which is required forthe farmlands and permanent crops.

Table 7.7 Estimated Compensation for Loss of Fruit Trees

Number of Unit Rate Total for TreesTree/Crops trees (Birr/Tree) (Birr)

Eucalyptus 2,000 31.30 62,600Mango 400 672.45 268,980Banana 300 111.70 33,510Total 2,700 _ 365,090

7.4 Compensation for Affected Services

Relocation water supply systems, telephone and electric poles are nornallycarried out by the service providers upon payment of relocation cost by ERA, andneeds to be completed prior to commencement of the works, in order to avoiddelaying the contractor. It is recommended that: ERA should advise all serviceproviders of the intended road -works program, at the earliest opportunity. ERAshould then notify the appropriate authorities of the relevant dates, and requestcompletion of relocation works before those dates.

The following table presents the total budget requirement of the water supplyschemes, which needs to be relocated during construction of the road.

Table 7.8 Compensation for Water supply Schemes (in Birr)

Nr Description Unit Nekempt Gimbi Total CostRate (Birr)

1 Supplying & relaying of Galvanizedsteel pipes with all necessary fittings. 133 m 7000 14000 2,796,600

2 PVC pipe DN 200 mm 1,000m 120 240 360,0003 Saddle clamp 500 pcs 2 4 3000

Total 3,159,600

Resettlement Action Plans- Final 52 March, 2003

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Table 7.9 Compensation for Telephone Lines

No. Description Nekemt Gimbi TotalI For Material Purchase 1,101,427 1,113,222 2,214,6492 For labor 70,200 136,967 207,1673 Transportation 53,557 62,533 116,0904 Others 50,000 27,790 77,7905 15% VAT 191,278 201,077 392,355

Total 1,466,462 1,541,589 3,008,051

Even though the corporation couldn't provide data regarding the compensationamount of the electric line, an estimate of 2,000,000 Birr is considered for thesake of the crude planning purpose of replacing the infrastructures in both of thetowns.

7.5 Assistance for Vulnerable Groups

The vulnerable groups were identified during field data collection and throughinterview that was carried out with the affected population. Among the totalnumber of 74 households affected by the project there are 23 vulnerable persons.These persons are constituted mainly heads of female households and elderly.Among the elderly, 10 are men and 11 female; and among the total vulnerablegroup

At the time of implementing the compensation and the resettlement action plan ofthe project special attention, support and care will be given to female headedhouseholds and to the elderly. The support will be made in rebuilding theirhouses, transferring and transporting their household items and materials to thenewly constructed residential houses or houses used for business purpose. Eventhough it may be difficult to quantify the support provided in monetary terms,these supports are to be considered as one form of "social compensation" for boththe female headed households and elderly.

For vulnerable groups that rent and live in kebele houses, the kebele is responsibleto construct the house in the relocated site and also provide all services thevulnerable groups will move to the new location with the assistance of thekebeles. For other vulnerable groups that live in their own houses and who will beaffected by the project assistance and support is expected to be provided by theextended family network close friends the kebele and ERA.

The process through which the vulnerable persons will be assisted by the kebeleand ERA is described under relocation options. In some extreme cases where thevulnerable group do not have extended family network and close friends thekebele administration will facilitate the administrative issues and will give priorityin every matter to the group.





8 ORGANIZATIONAL PROCEDURES FOR DELIVERY OFENTITLEMENTS

The consultant has surveyed PAP and the number of PAPs per households,assessed affected properties and determined the compensation rates taking intoaccount the World Bank requirements.

ERA will establish compensation committees in each local government (Woreda)affected by the expropriation comprising of representatives from localgovernments, representatives from project affect persons (PAPs) and the ERAnght of way agent.

Compensation, both small and large amounts, will be paid either in cash or bycheque, following agreement with individual PAP's. Disbursements will beensured by ERA and will take place in the presence of the CompensationImplementing Committee as well as the spouse or spouses of the individual PAP.

Institutions and Individuals responsible for the Implementation of compensationand their Assumed Responsibilities is discussed in section 10 of this report.

In line with Art. 1478 of the Civil Code and as provided in the policy framework,all compensation will be effected ahead of the civil works.

A written agreement from the various government agencies participating in theimplementation of this RAP from the highest (zonal) to the lowest (municipalityand PA) has been secured during the second field survey. The agreement issummarized below and the translation is attached is Annex 8.

The local authorities will assist ERA in organizing the PAPs in the RAPsimplementation. Managing RAP's implementation is the main responsible ofERA and the local authorities. These ensure close compliance with the approvedRAP. The Implementing Committee will provide practical relocation schedule.If will coordinate and handle any problems encountered in RAP implementation,and will report progress (monthly) in RAP implementation to ERA and localauthorities and assist in RAP monitoring and evaluation activities.


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Nekemt - Mekenajo Road Upgrading Project

9 IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS FOR THE RAP

9.1 Implementing Committee

Zonal and woreda authorities, rural and urban kebele administration officials thatare found in each of the affected areas of the project were consulted as how toimplement the compensation process either in rural or urban areas. Theinstitutions that were consulted are the ones that have got direct responsibility onthe issue.

In the project area there are no any NGOs operating in any kind of activity.Hence, the organizations that would be responsible to implement the projectinclude government institutions and kebele associations/administration.

During the field assessment organizations and institutions that were consultedinclude:

1. Zonal Administration Offices2. Zonal Industry and Urban Development Departments3. Municipalities4. Woreda Administration Offices5. Zonal Water Resources Offices6. Woreda Water Resources Desks7. Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Services8. Zonal Agricultural Desks9. Woreda Agricultural Offices

In the entire project areas the above mentioned institutions were consulted aboutthe mechanisms on the implementation processes and they have statedunanimously that the respective offices as well as the people are expecting theconstruction of the road since many years back, and they will provide anyassistance that is believed to speed up the compensation and the civil work of theroad.

In all the affected woredas and towns councils, Composition of ImplementingCommittees have been proposed and the responsibilities assigned for eachorganization or body is mainly on the basis of their legal mandates responsibilitiesgiven to each office. The organizations as well as their assumed responsibilitiesare presented in summarized form in the table below. These proposed participantsare to form an ad hoc committee, which assumes a form of organizationalstructure.

Resettlement Action Plaits - Final 56 March, 2003


Seccessful implementation of the RAP, because of its complaxity requires carefulmamangement of RAP. To this end, strict mamagement system will beestablished by ERA together with the Regional Government, affected wreda andtowns. When approved by the Region, the compensation will be distributed to thePAPs and monitored by the IC for the proper accomplishment of resettlement.

ERA's ROW Branch will be overall responsible for monitoring resettlemtntimplemenation. The office will coordinate, inspect and supervise local RAPimplementation, and ensure a successful completion of RAP on behalf of ERA.EMB of ERA will be engaged in monitoring, supervising and assessing RAPoperations.

Figure 3 shows the Composition of the Implementing Committee in Urban andRural Areas. Table 9.1 and 9.2 provides the list of institutions (and their area ofresponsibilities in both and urban and rural areas) that can be consulted or calledfor assistance during implementation of the RAP.

Resettlenient Actioni Plans - Final 57 March, 2003

Figure 3 Resettiment Action Plan - Composition of the Implementing Committee in Urban and Rural Areas

ro Oromiya RegionalEERA bI_ iERA , ------ ..... Govemment

Rer.nttv tra PAP

RAP.implmen'nng Commtte RAP -Implemel nt CommitteeURBANu AREAS RURAL AREAS

OO + Represenbbve trom the Torm MuArip21ny 1 l -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ep,S-M CFrmtheAffecte Wed

00~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

H ROWAoenttromERA l -~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~SECRETARY

|Ieren -veto Woerba Urb.n Develpmnt Rer|new lm od W Iu fi

X R~~~epresentabv Irom PAPS ll Rpeebv rmPP

cord~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..,etw ho PP

Ethiopiati Roa(ds Atithority PANAF and AFRO ConsultNekemit - Mekenajo Road Upgrading Project

Table 9.1 List of Institutions that Can be Consulted or Called forAssistance During Implementation of the RAP: Urban Areas

No Organizations ResponsibilityinvolvedEthiopian Roads Budget Allocation, Coordination and implementation of the

I Authonty compensation and resettlement action plan and Monitoring &evaluation. Coordinate restoration of services (water andelectric)

Oromiya Regional Coordination, awareness creation and monitoring and2 Council evaluation3 Zonal Administration Coordinate the whole resettlement issue, facilitate

Offices compensation for PAP, and facilitate land for landcompensation, facilitate the relocation sites and the restorationof services.

4 Zonal Industry and Compensation of estimate for houses, prepare site plan for theUrban Development relocation of PAPDepartment

5 Municipalities Identify land for the relocation of PAP and provide support inrestoration; and provide special attention and support for thedisabled, sick, elderly and female headed households

6 Zonal Agricultural Coordination and support of PAP and preparation of costDesks estimates

7 Urban Water Supply Relocation of water supply pipes and construct new line inServices areas where PAP will be re-housed/relocated

8 Kebeles and Elders Provide advice on the fairness in relocation process andvaluation of compensation and coordinate on the support to bemade for elders, FHH and disabled

9 Representatives of PAP Represents PAP in all meetings and discussions held withROW branch of ERA and with other offices

10 Telecommunication Relocation of telephone poles11 EEPCO Relocation of Electric poles

Resettle,neiit Action Plans - Final 59 March, 2003

Ethiopian Roads Autihority PANAF and AFRO Consult

Nekemnt - Mekenajo Road Upgrading Project

Table 9.2 List of Institutions that Can be Consulted or Called forAssistance During Implementation of the RAP: Rural Areas

No. Organizations ResponsibilityinvolvedEthiopian Roads Budget Allocation, Coordination and implementation of theAuthonty compensation and resettlement action plan and Monitonng &

evaluation. Coordinate restoration of services (water andelectnc)

Oromiya Regional Coordination, awareness creation and monitoring andCouncil evaluationZonal Administration Coordinate the whole resettlement issue, facilitateOffices compensation for PAP, and facilitate land for land

compensation, facilitate the relocation sites and the restorationof services

Woreda Administration Identify land for the relocation of PAP and provide support inOffices restoration; and provide special attention and support for the

disabled, sick, elderly and female headed householdsWoreda Agricultural Preparation of cost for the valuation of compensation of cropsOffices and permanent TreesPeasant Associations Coordinating Re SettlersRepresentatives of the Represents PAP in all meetings and discussions held withPAP ROW branch of ERA and with other officesZonal Agricultural Participate in the implementation of the RAP (compensationDesks for land, crops and permanent Trees, etc.)

The implementation of the compensation process will follow the following fivedifferent phases:

Committee Formation PhaseThe Ethiopian Roads Authority should request the Oromya Regional state to formna committee in different zones traversed by the project road includingrepresentative of the PAP. The notification should contain the above-recommended list of institutions that will be involved in the committee. It shouldalso clearly put the time frame given to under take the task. The Oromya regionalstate in return required to established Implementing Committee at zonal, woredaand in the towns to coordinate and implement the resettlement.

Awareness CreationAt this phase, the committee members will make themselves clear about theduties expected from them. Any clarification about the scope of the project shouldbe given by the client. The committee members in return will elaborate to theProject Affected People so that the compensation program can proceed with thefull participation of the people.

Compensation Payment Phase


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This phase is a stage where by the compensation program will be executed. Allform of compensations will be accomplished on the basis of the exact project areaBased on this notification, the proper owners of the assets will be checked againstthe study document for compensation. Funds for payment of the compensationwill be made by the ROW Branch or its Agent.

ReportingThe zonal administration will produce a report regarding their accomplishmentsand submit to the Oromiya Regional State. The Regional state in return willcommunicate to the client about the accomplished compensation process and thesite is ready for the construction of the road.

All the RAP activities will be monitored by the EMB.

9.2 Scheduling and Timing

There are a number of crucial activities that will be performed to make thephysical relocation of the people under this project possible. There will be manydifferent activities which will be undertaken either by the direct involvement ofthe committee or the people themselves which may require longer period of time.

Assuming no budget constraints, the tentative time within which thecompensation program will take place is proposed to be 16 weeks. All of thecompensation aspects of the program could be completed ahead of the civil worksif it is planned properly. The re-establishment/re-housing transition period ismnimized and believed to be adequate (4 to 6 months) if propoer support isprovided during the transition period. The proposed time schedule is presented inthe table below.

From the point of view of giving high priority to the project, the officials haveconfirmed that implementation of the RAP will be effectively and efficientlyundertaken within reasonable time specified by the client.

9.3 Budget Requirement for the Implementing Committee

To plan, administer and oversee resettlement and compensation, it isrecommended to establish an Implementing Committee (IC) composed of fourmembers as shown in Figure 3.

The Committee will have the mandate, authority and funds to ensure properassessment and timely compensation to the PAPs. The committee would reportdirectly to the the responsible Regional Government Office, WoredaAdministrator in rural areas and Head of the Municipality in urban areas, andERA.

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The task and responsibility of the committee is challenging and tiresome anddemands extra effort. Hence, it is recommended to pay an allowance at the rate of70 Birr per day.

A number of professionals such as surveyors to measure the size of land andproperty will assist in day-to-day tasks. Table 9.1 estimates the funds required forthe Implementing Committee.

Table 9.1 Funds Required for the Implementing Committee

No. Cost item Amount (birr)1 Per diem for 4 members 120 days 70 Birr/day 33,6002 Per diem for 2 surveyors 120 days 50 Birr/day 12,0003 Per diem for 1 driver 120 days 50 Birr/day 6,0004 Per diem for I Prof. From EMSB 45 days 70 Birr/day 3,1505 Fuel and lubncants 12,000

TOTAL 66,750

Financial resources to carryout the compensation and re-housing plans will bemade available by ERA when and where required and construction plan will beprepared in concert with relocation plans. The total amount will be Birr 66,750.This budget requirement includes for the implementation as well as monitoringand evaluation of the implementation of the compensation program.

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Table 9.2 Synchronized Implementation Schedule for Road Project and Resettlement Action Plan

No. Action Year 2003 Year 2004 Year 2003 Year 2003 Year 2005M AIM J J A SCO D J FIMIAIM J _ A S O N C J F M A M|J J|A|S|O|N|D J FIM|A|M|J J|A|S|O|N|D J F|M|A|M|J|J|A|S|O|N|D

1 PRECONSTRUCTION PHASE

ii ERA Submits the RAP's budget to FORE1 2 ERA Reviews and submits the RAP to WB for review13 Approval of RAP by the WB14 Establishment of RAP-Implementin Committee (IC1 5 Tendering and Award of Design and Supervision Contracts1 6 Conduct a nght-of-way survey

ROW Report and detailed drawings showing project land aoquisiton1 6 1 requirements submitted to ERA

Detailed drawings showing mains services relocation requirements16 2 submitted to service providers

1 7 implementation of RAPConduct a one day workshop for the IC members and local authonties

1 7 1 concerning the process and responsibilityI IConfirm compensation and rates and relocabon options through

17 2 consultabon with RAP-IC and the Woreda Councils1 7 3 1 Payment of Compensation m1 7 4 1 Provision of Land1 7 5 Construction of new houses17 6 Installation of Utilities for PAPs (water supply, electncity, and telephone)

Relocation of Public Utilities (water supply, electricity, and telephone) by1 7 service providers

2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE2 1 Procurement Process (Tender and award for construction) _ _2 2 Mobilization of the contractors

Land/property expropriabon process during construction so that the2 3 contractor has unimpeded access to the site -'-''A-- ''" - *-A

24 Site clearance inspection and certification on completion of the works

3 MONITORING AND EVALUATION _ i _ .. iii


Ethiopian Roads Authority PANAF and AFRO ConsultNekeoit - Mekenajo Road Upgt ading Project

10 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

Any compensation payments is to be effected in the presence of the ImplementingCommittee. Where dispute arises between the principal parties- in this casemainly between ERA and subsidiarily other local government authorities in theproject affected area and the project affected persons- the initially preferredmeans of settling disputes is by arbitration. This is permissible under Ethiopianlaw (see Arts. 3325-3336 of the Civil Code), and also according to Art. 25 of thedraft Oromia Rural Land Use and Administration Proclamation. The number andcomposition of the arbitral tribunal may be determined by the concerned parties.In the case of a dispute arising regarding compensation amounts both in kind andmonetary terms, it is suggested that the maximum number of the members of thearbitral tribunal should not exceed five. This would allow meaningfulrepresentation from local government authorities and project-affected people butexceeding this amount might create unnecessary delay in decision making. Thecomposition of the arbitral tribunal could be decided from the outset instead ofleaving it to the disputants to appoint the arbitrators. This would be the preferredoption since it might take a lot of time to appoint arbitrators if left to the disputingparties. It would also allow the appointment of relevant persons from both thelocal authorities and project- affected people and as far as possible ' independent'persons to make the decisions. Individual members of the compensationcommittee who initially decided the compensation rates should by no means bemembers of the arbitral tribunal since they have already taken a position.

Accordingly, it is suggested that the following be members of the arbitral tribunal:

A. In Urban areas (towns)

1. One member from the Woreda Council- Chairperson2. One member from the Woreda Urban Development Department3. One member from the Kebele Administration4. Two members elected by the project-affected persons from the community

where the resettlement/compensation is to take place. These two membersmust not be directly affected by the expropriation.

B. In Rural Areas

1. One member from the Woreda Council- Chairperson2. One member from the Woreda Agricultural Office3. One member from the Kebele (peasant association)4. Two members elected by the project-affected persons from the community

where the resettlement/compensation is to take place. These two membersmust not be directly affected by the expropriation.

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In case the dispute is not resolved by the Implemetation Committee, then theCommittee will initiate arbitral tribunal. If any of the Party disagrees, theaggrieved party has the right to appeal to the ordinary courts of law in the region.

What should be underlined here is that the preferred option of dispute settlementought to be the option of settling the dispute amicably because recourse to courtsmay take a very long time even years before a final decision is made andtherefore, should not be the preferred option for both parties concerned.

It can be said therefore that the approach taken by ERA regarding disputeresolution is generally consistent with both the Federal and Regional laws.

The grievance redress mechanism and the process is yet to be established but willbe completed by the completion of the draft document.

Grievance Resolution Channels for the Project Affected persons is shown inFigure 4.

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Ethiopian Roads Authority PANAF and AFRO ConsultNekemttt - Mekenajo Road Upgrading Project

Figure 4 Project Affected persons Grievance Resolution Channels

RAP-IC presents theconnpensaton package to

PAP

The PAP evamtuaes theconvpensaton package

* A>~~~~~~~~PP

The PAP neuses to accept thecomnpensaton package end expresses

his resemttin to the RAP9C

The apleved PAP Is avan achance by the RAP IC to explagn

why the padtage ss notacceptobla to hat

The PAP end the RAP-IC tel to agreeasdMhe local authorIty appoints arhinsi thiaalP

PAP PRoetll ARC rctio PlianeRAP RaalzeitsniAcl,osPiaeIC Iepi.ni.nig rominttERA Ethioplen Road. Authoriy

The anbi htnunal hears from the PAP and the ROW-A Right-of -Way Age.tTRAP-Ic The tibtnal gves its recotnendnetodr

The RAP-IC reo, The PAP refuses to accept theth e copeens etaon Dei son * verdt ct r rhe at b uial

package as agreed \

IPAP a ,ccpts the packg I The RAP-IC refuseslto nBvwwthe conmpensaton package as per Ihe verdct

I ~~~~~olfIhe arbhraltIrbunal

| The PAP gNes hm swttten |consentlotheROW-AIRAP-IC

The PAP necre,ex Ihe The PAP lake hs case to M.

compensabon rain ERA Right- hn;t mstanm curtot-way Agent

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11 RAP IMPLEMENTATION COST

The total estimated budget requirement for RAP would be 13.96 million Birr. Thefollowing table summarizes the financial budget requirement for thecompensation including the contingency amount.

Table 11.1 Resettlement / Rehabilitation Budget

Item description Total Budget(in millions Birr)

Compensation for loss of houses 3.71Compensation Value 0.93Compensation for Loss of Business 0.05Compensation for loss of crops and land * 0.33Compensation for loss of trees (eucalyptus and fruits trees will be lost) 0.37Compensation for water pipes 3.16Compensation for loss of electric and telephone poles 3.01Monitoring 0.07Sub-Total 11.63Contingency (20%) 2.33Grand Total 13.96

Note * Land loss for contractors camp, materials site, detours and spoil dumping sites



12 CONSULTATIONS WITH PAP's

The local people, specifically PAP, were consulted. The views and the aspirationof each PAP were gathered and as far as possible the compensation is worked outon the basis of the demand of the PAP.

Consultation with PAP has been made on issues including their livelihood,compensation estimates, etc. Consultation was also made with all responsiblelocal government authorities and community institutions found in the projectareas including local and international NGOs involved in development activities.

With woreda and kebele administration, and the PAP consultation was made onthe location and type of replacement of the houses and agreement andunderstanding was reached. Zonal and woreda administration, and urban kebeleadministrations have fully agreed to provide land for the affected for theconstruction of houses within the vicinity of the town.

Please see annexes with minutes of meetings with PAP's, agreements with kebeleand woreda officals, and photo sections.

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13 MONITORING PLAN

This monitoring plan is an integral part of this RAP and will oversee re-establishing process of the Project Affected People (PAP). It will be a compliancemonitoring and this will assist to follow the type of measures incorporated in RAPdocuments, and the extent to which recommendations on these matters, as set outin the RAP, are complied with. It is the objective of ERA to use leasons from themonitoring and evaluation results to enhance the preparation and implementationof future resettlement action plans.

For the monitoring and evaluation activities, the Implementing Committeetogether with ERA's Environmental Management Branch (EMB) to beestablished will take a prime responsibility at the project area level. Thecommittees through their coordinator which are the administration offices at zonaland the woreda levels will follow and clarify the implementation processes, andwhenever found to be necessary arrange the ground for consultation with ProjectAffected People (PAP).

The monitoring and evaluation process if possible should be ParticipatoryMonitoring and Evaluation including all the stakeholders (PAP, Zonal, Woredaand Kebele administrations, NGOs, other Government organizations, and hostcommunities)

ERA's Environmental Management Branch will be responsible to monitor andevaluate the compensation and RAP in consultation with Zonal administrationoffices and the PAP by adopting the following indicators;

* Compensation to be made* Restoration and restitution of PAP* Appropriateness of relocation sites* Appropriateness of the time schedule for RAP* Public infrastructures and social services re established* Support and assistance made to vulnerable groups and women* Appropriateness of grievance redress mechanisms

The monthly, quarterly and annual progress report during supervision of theconstruction project and the World Bank supervision mission reports will includeinfomation about each PAP and these reports will be submitted to all concernedstakeholders and partners.

ERA's through the EMB will assign qualified social scientist to conductindividual evaluations of PAPs re-establishment socio-economic progress. Thisservice aims at evaluating, and reporting on, the level of living conditions andsocial services of the PAPs, both before and after the re-establishment. Theevaluation will be done quarterly for two years and annually for the next two

Resettlement Action Plan 68 Marcli 2003


years. Socio-economic evaluation will be based on a number of key indices forselected households, in combination with the special observation by the socialscientist.

The monitoring report by EMB staff or RAP-Implementing Committee will besubmitted to local authority (wereda for rural areas and municipality for towns).A copy of this will be summated to the zone and regional Resettlement office bythe EB of ERA. It will also be enclosed in the construction progress, reportssubmitted by supervising engineers. Only in this may can RAP implementationbe monitored and problems identified and quickly resolved.

The estimated budget for RAP monitoring and evaluation is estimated to be Birr0.04 million and will be financed from the RAP budget.



ANNEX 1 LIST OF REFERENCES

Environmental Policy of Ethiopia: Environmental Protection Authority, AddisAbaba, April 1997

Draft Proclamation on the Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs:Environmental Protection Authority, Addis Ababa, 2000

Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline: Environmental ProtectionAuthority, Addis Ababa, 2000

The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia; Vol I-V: Secretariat for the ConservationStrategy of Ethiopia, Environmental Protection Authority in collaboration withMinistry of Economic Development and Cooperation, Addis Ababa, April 1996

Road Sector Development Programme 1997-2007. Second Draft Final Report.Ethiopian Roads Authority, Addis Ababa, January 1996

Ethiopian Roads Authority, Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework,February 2002, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Ethiopian Roads Authority, Environmental Procedures Manuals, 2001, AddisAbaba, Ethiopia.

Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ProclamationNo.1/1995

The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia; Results for OromiyaRegion. Volume 1: Part I and VI. FDRE Office of Population and HousingCommission, Central Statistical Authority, Addis Ababa, April 1996

Environmental Assessment Source Book, (Volume I, II & III). World BankDocuments Number 139, 140 & 141, World Bank, Washington, DC: World Bank,Environment Department 1991

Roads and the Environment: A Handbook, World Bank Technical Paper No. 376,Washington, DC: World Bank, Environment Department, 1997.

Environmental Assessment. Operational 4.01, Annex A. World Bank,Washington, D.C, 1989.

Road Sector Development Programme Sipport Projects - Phase II, EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Final Report, Aficon International, 2001, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia.

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Feasibility Study of RSDP II: Seven Roads Projects: Final Study Report, Volume1, 1999, Kocks Consult GMBH Consulting Engineers in assosciation withMetaferia Consulting Engineers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Detailed Engineering Design and tender document preparation for Nekempt -Assosa road upgrading project. Environmental Impact Assessment, 1998, AddisAbaba, Ethiopia

Design review, pre qualification of contractors and evaluation of bids. Nekempt-Mekenajo road upgrading project. Bidding document, volume lv part A:Drawings, Sheladia Associates, Inc, USA, in association with Panafricanconsultants, September 2002, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Acres International Ltd., Engineering Economics and Finance, February 1994.

Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation (in collaboration with thedevelopment and Project Planning Centre, University of Bradford, UK), NationalEconomic Parameters and Economic Analysis for the Public Investment Programin Ethiopia, December 1997.

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ANNEX 2 PERSONS CONTACED AND INSTITUTIONS VISITED

No. Town Name Organization Position Tel.Address

I Nekemt Ato Alemayehu Begada Zone Head 61-10-80Administration

2 Nekemt Ato Taddese Amente Zone Vice 61-11-57Administratio Headn

3 Nekemt Ato Dechesasa Dugasa Agriculture Head -

4 Nekemt AtoGemechu Borru Ind.& Urban Head 61-12-65Dev.

5 Nekemt Ato Sisay Abera Tele Planner 71-17-156 Nekemt Ato Tesfaye Dirata Agr'l forestry expert 61-19-897 Nekemt Ato Abebe Fekadu Municipality head 61-13-848 Nekemt Ato Boj or Feysa Indry and Expert 61-12-65

urban devt9 Nekemt Ato Gadisa Adugna Water works Head 61-14-4910 Gimbi Ato Ato Tesfaye Tulu Special Head 71-00-89

wereda11I Gimb Admin office head 71-05-74

Resettlemt en t Action Plan 72 March 2003

Annex 3 -Socio -'Economic Profile of the Project Affected Population

EA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Nr Town/PA Name of the AffectedNr Town/PA ~~~~~~~Household Head -:

I Ato Legese Edo None Male 39 9 Illitrate Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Farmer NA2 Aba Terefa None Male 37 1 0 1 l1l itrate Oromo Oromifa Protestant Farmer NA3 Ato Adugna Tola None Male 60 4 Illitrate Oromo Oromifa Protestant Farmer NA4 Degaga Dedesa PA Ato Endale Mengesha None Male 35 5 llitrate Oromo Oromifa Protestant Farmer NA5 Ato Temesgen Washuma None Male 40 7 1llitrate Oromo Oromifa Protestant Farmer NA6 Ato Yadeta Degaga None Male NA 7 llitrate Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Farmer NA7 Ato Getu Nega None 1 Male 42 8 Ilitrate Amhara Amharic Orthodox Farmer NA8 Ato busa Itefa Tole None Male 25 3 illitrate Oromo Oromifa Protestant Farmer NA9 Ato Olani Erge Juka Tole None Male 86 6 illitrate Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Farmer NA

10 Ato Itefa Tufa Tole None Male NA 9 illitrate Oromo Oromifa Protestant Farmer NA11 W/o Taiyu Muleta Ato ksahun Tole None Female 50 3 illitrate Oromo Oromifa Protestant Farmer NA12 Ato Kassahun Mamo Tole None Male 32 8 illitrate Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Trade NA13 Tole Ato Amanuel Leta Tole None Male 25 7 iplitrate Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Farmer NA14 Ato Gemechisa Fanta Tole None Male 30 2 illxtrate Oromo Oromifa Protestant Farmer NA15 Ato Mitukd Banti Tole None Male 25 5 illitrate Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Farmer NA16 Ato Banti Waklira Tole None Male 50 5 illitrate Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Farmer NA17 W/o Deme Deno Tole None Female 60 6 illitrate Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Farmer NA18 Ato Gudeto Dufera Tole None Male 50 3 illitrate Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Farmer NA19 Ato Endashaw Bongase Tole None Male 53 6 illitrate Oromo oromifa Orthodox Farmer NA20 Ato Melaku Wag shum 05 None Male 28 7 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Farmer NA21 W/o Bedane Huluka 05 None Female 60 1 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Farmer NA22 Ato Abebe Daba 05 None Male 40 4 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Civil serrvant NA23 Ato Alemayehu Terfasa 05 None Male 38 10 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Labourer NA24 Ato Amsalu Megersa 05 None Male 52 7 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Trade NA25 Ato Yadesa Deresa ( W/o 05 None Male 60 10 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Driver NA26 Ato Getachew Tufa Jagi 05 None Male 38 6 Certificate Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Teacher NA27 W/o Sadia Mehamed 05 211 Female 55 It Na Oromo Oromifa Muslim House Wife NA28 Ato Tesfaye Amenta 05 None Male na 7 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Farmer NA29 Ato Fekadu Wakeya 05 None Male na 7 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Farmer NA30 Ato Teferi Itansa 05 None Male 45 9 Certificate Oromo Oromifa Protestant Teacher NA31 Ato Degefi Denka 05 None Male NA 9 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Civil serrvant NA32 Ato Tesfa Guta 05 None Male 55 4 Na Same Same Same Unemployed NA33 Ato Idosa Chewaka 05 None Male 30 5 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Civil serrvant NA34 Ato Asfaw Olana Abdi 05 None Male 40 8 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Civil serrvant NA35 Ato Mesfin Abera 07 138 Male NA 6 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Ginbegna NA36 Ato Lakew Alemkere 07 82 Male 24 4 Na Amhara Amharic Orthodox Trade NA37 Ato Teklu Teso 07 84 Male 24 7 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Labourer NA38 Ato Alemu Wakjira(W/o 06 Male NA 11 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Civil serrvant NA39 Ato Nemera Ferede 07 187 Male NA 9 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Trade NA

40 Ato Ayele Wedajo 06 414 Male 35 8 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Trade NA41 W/O Dinknesh Abateneh NA 64 Female 75 8 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox House Wife NA42 Ato Tesema Regasa 05 None Male 50 16 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox tailor NA43 Gimbi Ato Keneni Yadesa 05 None Male NA 4 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Carpenter NA44 Ato Nurhusen Mehamed 02 122 Male 65 1 Na Oromo Oromifa Muslim Trade NA45 Shek Dihur Nuru 02 121 Male 70 3 Na Oromo Oromifa Muslim Trade NA46 W/o Kibotu Geleta 02 None Female 55 7 Na Oromo Oromifa Muslim House Wife NA47 Ato Nemera Ferede . ,02 oNne Male 34 16 Na Oromo Oromifa Muslim Trade , NA48 Ato Abebe Tezgera 02 None Male 50 6 Na Oromo Oromifa Muslim Trade NA49 Ato Alemu Tesema 07 None Male 32 7 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Civil serrvant NA50 Ato Endale Oulana 01 None Male NA 2 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Civil serrvant NA51 W/o Nigatua Abiyu 06 1226 Female 68 7 Na Amhara Amharic Orthodox Pensioned NA52 Ato Adamu Gessese 06 None Male 55 9 Na Amhara Amharic Orthodox Trade NA53 Ato Taye Tarekegne 06 None Male 45 5 Na Amhara Amharic Orthodox Unemployed NA54 Ato Tadele Abera 06 None Male NA 4 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Trade NA55 Aba emiru Wakjira 06 None Male 60 8 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Pensioned NA56 Ato Mosisa Sambo 06 None Male 50 8 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant NA NA57 Ato Yohanis Bongesa 06 None Male 35 6 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Metal Work NA58 Ato Tezkira Tolesa 06 None Male 67 8 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Pensioned NA59 Ato Gemechu Gobena 06 None Male 45 7 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Unemployed NA60 W/o Alemitu Jaleta 01 None Female 60 6 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Pensioned NA61 Ato Teso Gemeda 01 None Male 70 11 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Pensioned NA62 W/o Regatu Kaba 01 None Female NA 5 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Pensioned NA63 Ato Dajne Ambisa None Male 30 6 Na Oromo Oromifa Orthodox Trade NA64 Ato Ali Kelbesa None Male 30 6 Na Oromo Oromifa Protestant Civil serrvant NA65 Ato Guemu Itefa None Male 30 7 Certificate Oromo Oromifa Protestant Teacher NA66 Ato Banti Bekuma None Male 38 7 Certificate Oromo Oromifa Protestant Teacher67 W/o Tsehai Alemu None Female 38 4 lIlitrate Amhara Amharic Orthodox Trade NA68 Jogir PA Ato Ribso Hailu None MaTe1 46 9 llitrate Amhara Amharic Muslim Trade NA69 Ato Meles 02 None Male 45 16 NA Oromo Oromifa Protestant Nurse NA70 Ato Jote Fite 02 None Male 60 6 NA Oromo Oromifa Protestant Nurse NA71 Nekemt W/o Merima Abrham 02 None Female 30 3 NA Oromo Oromifa Muslim Trade NA72 w/o Zemzem Kedir 02 None Female 35 8 NA Oromo Oromifa Muslim Civil Servant NA73 Ato Ousma Ahmed Mehamed 09 157 Male 60 7 NA Oromo Oromifa Muslim Trade NA74 Ato Ahmed Endris Ali 09 None Male 35 10 NA Oromo Oromifa Muslim Trade NA

Annex 4 - Relocation Options for Affected HH

Re-housing Options Location Preference for Re-

Nr Town/PA Name of the Affected Kebele House Nr Gender Age Ownership of hoe OsingHousehold Head the;house, Exstn

Self Assisted Location New location

Ato Legese Edo None Male 39 Private X X2 Aba Terefa None Male 37 Private X X3 Ato Adugna Tola None Male 60 Private X X4 Degaga Dedesa PA Ato Endale Mengesha None Male 35 Private X X5 Ato Temesgen Washuma None Male 40 Private X X6 Ato Yadeta Degaga None Male NA Private X X7 Ato Getu Nega None Male 42 Private x x8 Ato busa Itefa Tole None Male 25 Private X X9 Ato Olani Erge Juka Tole None Male 86 Private X X

10 Ato Itefa Tufa Tole None Male NA Private X X11 ksahun Mamo Tole None Female 50 Private X X12 Ato Kassahun Mamo Tole None Male 32 Private X X13 Tole Ato Amanuel Leta Tole None Male 25 Private X X14 Ato Gemechisa Fanta Tole None Male 30 Private X X15 Ato Mituku Banti Tole None Male 25 Private X X16 Ato Banti Wakjira Tole None Male 50 Private X X17 W/o Deme Deno Tole None Female 60 Private X X18 Ato Gudeto Dufera Tole None Male 50 Private X X19 Ato Endashaw Bongase Tole None Male 53 Private x x20 Ato Melaku Wag shum 05 None Male 28 Private X X21 W/o Bedane Huluka 05 None Female 60 Private X X22 Ato Abebe Daba 05 None Male 40 Private X X23 Ato Alemayehu Terfasa 05 None Male 38 Private X X24 Ato Amsalu Megersa 05 None Male 52 Private X X25 Dinkinesh Negero) 05 None Male 60 Private X X26 Ato Getachew Tufa Jagi 05 None Male 38 Private X X27 W/o Sadia Mehamed 05 211 Female 55 Private X X28 Ato Tesfaye Amenta 05 None Male na Private X X29 Ato Fekadu Wakeya 05 None Male na Private X X30 Ato Teferi Itansa 05 None Male 45 Private X X31 Ato Degefi Denka 05 None Male NA Private X32 Ato Tesfa Guta 05 None Male 55 Private X X33 Ato Idosa Chewaka 05 None Male 30 Private X X34 Ato Asfaw Olana Abdi 05 None Male 40 Private X X35 Ato Mesfin Abera 07 138 Male NA Private X X

36 Ato Lakew Alemkere 07 82 Male 24 Private X x

37 Ato Teklu Teso 07 84 Male 24 Private X X

38 Likitu Ketila) 06 Male NA Private X x

39 Ato Nemera Ferede 07 187 Male NA Private X x

40 Ato Ayele Wedajo 06 414 Male 35 Private X x

41 W/O Dinknesh Abateneh NA 64 Female 75 Private . X . X

42 Ato Tesema Regasa 05 None Male 50 Private X X

43 Gimbi Ato Keneni Yadesa 05 None Male NA Private X X

44 Ato Nurhusen Mehamed 02 122 Male 65 Kebele X X

45 Shek Dihur Nuru 02 121 Male 70 Kebele X X

46 W/o Kibotu Geleta 02 None Female 55 Private X X

47 Ato Nemera Ferede 02 None Male 34 Private X X48 Ato Abebe Tezgera 02 None Male 50 Private X X

49 Ato Alemu Tesema 07 None Male 32 Private X X

50 Ato Endale Oulana 01 None Male NA Private X X

51 W/o Nigatua Abiyu 06 1226 Female 68 Private X X

52 Ato Adamu Gessese 06 None Male 55 Private X X

53 Ato Taye Tarekegne 06 None Male 45 Private X X

54 Ato Tadele Abera 06 None Male NA Private X X

55 Aba emiru Wakjira 06 None Male 60 Private X X

56 Ato Mosisa Sambo 06 None Male 50 Private X _

57 Ato Yohanis Bongesa 06 None Male 35 Kebele X X

58 Ato Tezkira Tolesa 06 None Male 67 Private X X

59 Ato Gemechu Gobena 06 None Male 45 Kebele X X

60 W/o Alemitu Jaleta 01 None Female 60 Private X X

61 Ato Teso Gemeda 01 None Male 70 Private X X

62 W/o Regatu Kaba 01 None Female NA Private X X

63 Ato Dajne Ambisa None Male 30 Private X X

64 Ato Ali Kelbesa None Male 30 Private X X

65 Ato Guemu Itefa None Male 30 Private X X66 Ato Banti Bekuma None Male 38 Private X

67 . A W/o Tsehai Alemu None Female 38 Private X X

68 Jogir P Ato Ribso Hailu None Male 46 Private X X

69 Ato Meles 02 None Male 45 Private X X

70 Ato Jote Fite 02 None Male 60 Private X X

71 W/o Merima Abrham 02 None Female 30 Private X X

72 Nekemt w/o Zemzem Kedir 02 None Female 35 Private X X

73 Mehamed 09 157 Male 60 Private X X

74 Ato Ahmed Endris Ali 09 None Male 35 Private X X

Annex 5 - Irtpact Cattegories and Entitlement

Effect on the House Land Take Relocation on existing Relocation on new

Name of the Affected Purpose of ;- E .C .Nr Town the Affected 2 0 E

Household Head Houses C L 0 0a0 . Housing Business Housing Business

0 2 0 0 a CU ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- m- -

I ~~~~Ato Legese Edo Degaga None Residence 7 1 7 1 100 0 1000 7 1 992 9 0?7 '14 ___

2 Aba Terefa Degaga None Residence 32 3 32 3 100 0 1000, 32 3 967 7 3 2 '4 _____

3 Ato Adugna Tola Degaga None Residence 28 5 28 5 100 0 1000 28 5 971 5 2? 9 14 Degaga Dedesa PA Ato Endale Mengesha Degaga None Residence 7 1 7 I 100 0 1000 7 1 992 9 0?7 '145 Ato Temesgen Washuma Degaga None Residence 46 0 46 0 100 0 1000 46 0 954 0 4 6 ~I46 Ato Yadeta Deaga Degaga None Residence 1 7 T 7 1 100 0 1000 7 I 992 9 0?7 '147 1 At.______ Z;et N ega Vegaga None Residence 26 5 26 100 0 1000 26 5 973 5 2 7 '14 ___

8 Ato busatltefa Tole None Residence II I 111 100o0 1000 11 1 988 9 1 1 '19 Ato Olani Erge Juka Tole None Residence 46 2 46 2 100 0 10001 46 2 953 8 4 6 '1 ___

Same Tote None Residence 40 6 40 6 100 0 1000 40 6 959 4 4 1 '14 ___

10 Ato Itefa Tufa Tote None Residence 54 5 54 5 100 0 1000 54 5 945 6 5 4 114Same Tole None 1Residence 39 2 39 2 100 0 1000 39 2 960 8 32 '19____ ___

I1I W/o Taiyu Muleta Ato ksahun Tote None Residence 7 1 1 7 I 100 0 1000 7 -1 992 9 ____0 7 '1ql ___

12 Tole Ato Kassahun Mamo Tote None Residence 30 0 30 0 100 0 1000 30 0 970 0 3 0 '1

13 Ato Amanuel Leta Tole None Residence 31 8 31 8 100 0 1000 31 8 968 2 3 2 '14 _______

14 Ato Gemechisa Fanta Tote None Residence 31 2 31 2 100 0 1000 31 2 968 8 3 I ~111 5 Ato Mituku Banti Tote None Residence 24 5 24 5 100 0 1000 24 5 975 5 2__ 25 1116 Ato Banti Wakj ira Tote None Residence 42 0 42 0 100 0 1000 42 0 958 0 4__ 42 '14 ___

17 W/o Deme Deno Tole None 1Residence 37 1 37 1 100 0 1000 37 1 963 0 3 7 '14 _______

~18 Ato Gudeto Dufera Tote None Residence 7 1 7 1 100 0 1000 7 1 992 9 0 7 '1 ___

19 _________Ato Endashaw Bongase Tote None Reiden~ce 1 6 1 00 lo0 1000 12 6 987 4 1 3 _1

20 Ato Melaku Wag shum 05 None Residence 60 6 60 6 100 0 40 166 0 -9 6 41 5 ESame 05 None Residence 37 4 37 4 100 0 40 3 16 4541

21 W/o Bedane Huluka 05 None Residence 44 0 44 0 100 0 60 186 0 320 31 0 '1

Same ~~05 None Residence 52 0 52 0 1000 0 52 0 32 1 __

22 Ato Abebe Daba 05 None Residence 38 4 38 4 100 0 1010 64 0 946 0 6 3 i14 ____ ___

23 Ato Alemayehu Terfasa 05 None Residence 44 6 44 6 1 00 0 400 124 0 276 0 31 0 e1 ___

24 Ato Amsalu Megersas 05 None Residence 95 0 95 0 100 0 4001 190 0 210 0 47 5 ff4 ________

25 Ato Yadesa Deresa ( W/o 05 None Residence 93 6 93 6 100 0 900 240 0 660 0 26 7 i1 ____

26 Ato Getachew Tufa Jagi 05 None Residence 56 0 1 56 0 100 0 625 175 0l 450 0 28 0 '14

27 W/o Sadia Mehamed 05 211 Business 12 5 12 5 100 0 - 13 12 5 0 001 100 0 '14 ___'1

28 Ato Tesfaye Amenta 05 None Residence 59 8 59 8 100 0 600 144 0 456 0 24 0 '1Ili___

29 Ato Fekadu Wakeya 05 None Residence 92 2 92 2 100 0 261 0 29 0 '14

Same 05 ___ None Residence 30 0 30 0 100 0 900 30 0 579 0 '4____Same 05 ___ None Residence 30 0 30 0 100 0 30 0 '1 ____

30 Ato Teferi Itansa 05 ___ None Residence 61 6 61 6 100 0 625200 0 350 32 0 '1 ___

Same ~~05 ____None Kichen 30 0 1 30 0 1000 - 30 '1410__031 Ato Degefi Denka 05 ____None Residence 34 1 34 1 100 0 625 155 0 420 8 24 8 14 ____

Same 05 ____None Residence 49 2 49 2 100 0 4 92 11 ___ ___

32 Ato Tesfa Guta 05 ___ None Residence 44 3 44 3 1100 0 625 205 0 420 0 32 8 i4____33 Ato Idosa Chewaka 05 None Residence 61 8 61 8 100 0 625 150 0 475 0 24 0 '14 ____

34 Ato Asfaw Olana Abdi 05 None Residence 126 0 126 0 100 0 625 300 0 325 0 48 0 i44____Same 05 None Residence 1 32 0 30 0 938 625 100 0 525 0 16 0 14___

35 Ato Mesfin Abera 07 138 Residence 119 0 98 0 82 4 225 105 0 120 0 46 7 '4___

36 Ato Lakew Alemkere 07 82 Residence 8 2 37 2 453 7 150 91 5 58 5 61 0 '1

37 Ato Teklu Teso 07 84 Residence 35 0 35 0 100 150 210 0 10 0 14 0 '14 ______

Same 07 84 Residence 80 80 0 000 0 80 0 121 C318 Ato Alemu Wakjira(W/o 106 Residence 49 0 1 42 0 85 7 421 28 0 14 01 66 7 14 ____________

39 Gimbi * Ato Nemera Ferede 07 187 Residence 65 0 65 0 100 0 65 65 0 00 100 o 40 Ato Ayele Wedajo 06 414 Business 77 0 50 0 64 9 120 78 0 42 0 65 01 141 W/O Dinknesh Abateneh NA 64 Business 62 4 60 9 97 6 150 90 0 60 0 600 442 Ato Tesema Regasa 05 None Residence 91 1 91 1 100 0 91 91 1 0 0 1000 |1143 Ato Keneni Yadesa 05 None Residence 44 0 43 4 98 6 300 140 0 160 0 467 gi44 Ato Nurhusen Mehamed 02 122 Business 46 0 46 0 100 0 46 46 0 0 0 100 C . -

45 Shek Dihur Nuru 02 121 Business 46 0 46 0 100 0 46 46 0 0 0 100 (46 W/o Kibotu Geleta 02 None Residence 88 4 39 0 44 1 1 98 39 0 58 5 40 C . 447 Ato Nemera Ferede 02 None Business 68 0 53 7 79 0 68 53 7 14 3 79 C48 Ato Abebe Tezgera 02 None Business 1 *250 108 8 87 0 -250 108 8 141 3 43 ' 149 Ato Alemu Tesema 07 None Residence 34 7 34 7 100 0 35 34 7 0 0 100 050 Ato Endale Oulana 01 None Business 67 2 59 6 88 7 210 59 6 150 4 28 4 _

51 W/o Nigatua Abiyu 06 1226 Business 76 1 76 1 100 0 516 76 1 439 9 148 452 Ato Adamu Gessese 06 None Business 44 2 44 2 1 00 0 69 44 2 24 8 640 4 53 Ato Taye Tarekegne 06 None Residence 47 6 44 9 94 4 101 44 9 55 6 44 754 Ato Tadele Abera 06 None Residence 152 2 66 1 43 4 152 66 1 86 1 434 .4455 Aba emiru Wakjira 06 None Residence 261 0 174 9 67 0 261 174 9 86 1 670 0156 Ato Mosisa Sambo 06 None Residence 72 7 50 4 69 4 126 50 4 75 6 40 ( 0157 Ato Yohanis Bongesa 06 None Residence 38 9 27 0 69 4 39 27 0 11 9 69 458 Ato Tezkira Tolesa 06 None Residence 41 7 29 4 70 6 42 29 4 12 3 70 659 Ato Gemechu Gobena 06 None Residence 41 7 41 7 100 0 42 41 7 0 0 100 ( _

60 W/o Alemitu Jaleta 01 None Business 49 4 30 7 62 1 49 30 7 18 7 62 1 _1

61 Ato Teso Gemeda 01 None Business 56 3 18 7 33 3 56 39 5 16 8 70,262 W/o Regatu Kaba 01 None Residence 61 6 56 9 92 4 62 56 9 4 7 924 463 Ato Dajne Ambisa 01 _ None Business & 46 0 46 0 100 0 300 126 0 174 0 420 1i 1164 Ato Ali Kelbesa 01 None Residence 41 3 41 3 100 0 300 140 0 160 0 46,765 Ato Guemu Itefa 01 None Residence 34 7 34 7 100 0 300 136 0 164 0 453 43 t66 Ato BantiYBekuma 01 one 64 0 64 0 100i0 300 162 0 138 0 540 467 Jogir PA W/o Tsehai Alemu None Business & 28 0 28 0 100 0 49 30 7 18 7 62 1 _1

68 og_ _ Ato Ribso Hailu None Business & 35 35 100 0 56 39 5 16 8 70 269 Ato Meles 02 None Busimess F 5 90 0 62 56.9 4 7 924 _4

70 Ato Jote Fite 02 None Business 52 2 46 9 90 0 300 126.0 174 0 42 471 W/o Menma Abrham 02 None Business 53 7 53 7 100 0 300 140 0 160 0 46 7

Nekemt ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Under 30160 140 4 72 Nekemt w/o Zemzem Kedir 02 None Constrction 69 3 36 3 52 4 300 1360 1640 45 ^1 _

under 30120 180 5 73 Ato Ousma Ahmed Mehamed 09 157 Consunuction 34 4 26 0 75 6 300 162 0 13810 54 (74 Ato Ahmed Endris Ali 09 None busiess 1000 500 134 0 366 0 26 _ _ 1

75 Gimbi Kebele Offices 02 1 85 7 10 800 12 6 86 85 7 0 0 100 CI

76 Kebele Offices 02 69 2 1 560 2 3 273 105 6 167 4 38 714

77 Nekemt Kebele Offices 09 jNone jNone 111 8 17 200 15 4 112 94 6 17 2 84 61

Note * P = Permanently affectedF = Fully affected

Annex 6 - Compensation Cost for Project Affected PertonslHH (in Birr)

Rtelocation on cttig l1nd Rdelo.ation on net land Cnsb Cotptonattn for Affected h..-e

Na.... f itho Affected Hotihlild Poept or the Affected Poepoc or thit Affeted - '0 Co-peota-o Income To,tal C-mp-osf-Ne iT,onnIPA Htd 1(6110-om naus- On-ertip Unit Coi of G-on Corent Valor (Dir) Resto,e,foo Coot (B.rr)

Housing B-nnet Io-ting Bo.-.e, Grot A.. (m2) R,,plnetieni Reptacinet Cogt(B-reh2) (B,er)

Al. orsa Fd 00404. altch ott]00 ale0 ------- M 700--------- = 1060 0 5 2992 Ab T-efa Dogag ao. d Coast R-t ig __Root 0cc dab 1 -37233- 20600( 6 46 1617 0 0 0833 AI. Ad.gaa cI. Elgaga Wd ant sas. lrsofig Or-deoce Poisso- 28000 200 (0 5 710 1425 0 7 123

4DOn.ga Medes PA At.aEadalM...o Ogasgiood 0 aa isloRocailg ao oeae 14 7 07 200100 I 413 353 0 1 766At. eTaagroWtish 00 -Dg-aga 406.M Ga-sRofihg R---- Gid.oc P-sac -14 45 99 200100 9,10 2 300 0 11498

6 ~~~~~~~At. Y40d1 ga,a,pga aM9. TaP., 00Rote nsin. t44 07 6000 4 23 1 060 0 3 2907 Ia Nega 04(34Aale iet0, Nale .14 262 00 15,91 35970 0 19 890

0 Ato sisal a Tale OssOoleIW6514 000--0141. .140 20 .Z 533 0 279 Ala IaaiEegoi Tote Wootl&M I I 5 Residoaco eeaatr 4620 70000 32,34 0005 0 404256 2 (I 2,3T ~ 8 -o5 0 0 42

Tote 01 4ao eae .4 40 56 66000 24,33 6,004 5 30 42010 ~~~~~~~AlaIm looT Tale WwdMad1CIS) Ridal tao Prival .14 5445 70000 38,11 9 529 0 47 644

too ~~~~ ~~~~T.a. Tahe Roieao Po-l .14 ~39 22 600 00 23,53 50083 0 29 415II a~~~~~~i.TW aoMoeta t uo -Tabweoioe esl 7 07 ~ 610 00 4 231 1060 009

1 2 Ta Ala 0004410 Talk I 0rsl 1 3000 70000 21 DI5 200 0 26 25013 ~~~~~~~Ala A-1Oa Lol Tot ale hd 0000 Peis-l .4 310600 00 191(6 4.770 0 23085014 ~~~~~~~Ala ea-hso Fnot- To1o Taloho I c Plte . 31 20 600 00 18,72( 4 600 0 23 400

IS At.Maloia. 0400 Tole sio1 000051024 50 61100 (KI47( 3.675 0 10 37516 At. 40 (151 Tal 16 5I5 00 lsl 1 200000K 2904 1 7 350 0 36 750

1.7 001 D.- 0c0 Tale Wwdt 16 MdttCIS) Rasisloc P.,al .4 07 000 25.935 6 404 0 32 419tO Ala Ia&t eta Tale Tale Resitd-e Pfi-ale .14 07. 600 00 4 239 1 060 0 5 29919Aaolsaqnae Tl 1 000 sat .11425 600 00 731 10084 0 9 42020 10. a.k a.g 500 035 04VZ CII0Witsa 160 59 700 00 42 413 106013 0 53 016

- S-~~~~le 05 Wod0 16 ~ Rmd.seoo 37o.1 44 0000o 26,201 6 552 0 5271602 1 Wa. so& 4" 05 W0d0 AMd Rt1 P-lal .4402 700 00 ~ 30 81 7 704 0 30 510

S,me ~~~~05 W. lasM. Resstteoo 05415 .152 00 700 00 36 4 ~ 9.00 5022 AtAistaa05 WdMa Rest&c pfoamt .. 38040 7A)000 26001( 6,720 0 53360023 Ala00o 1 03 W.otlAMd 5ic 1e51 14 _ _4T6_4 ----- 0000 31.241 7,812 0 39506024 Ab goa05 elks Roi 0-Pisl -14 0 1,35000 128025( 32 063 0 160 31325 Ato YadeaDMimi(W10 0-5 a--; RossMod P-tat i14 93 60 70000 65 52 16 300 0 Si190026 Ala o..h TasT aiagi O Woodt&5 Md00 osir.t .1 5600D -7000 ~ 392A 900(0 0 49060O27 a/ S6i. Me. 05 Ww 12t50t---------sTuoale 9,751421200 0000

20 AIoT aseAnloolsi~~.Mt 05 046ae Rsl .5 050013 93029 At. T&- A p-le ___7S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~149T6 ------- 00-o 403- ~ 10 450 0 52290029 At.OFlf WA 05 Mo4teo osl 1 92 22 ~ 70000 6(4 554 16 139 0 800693

- S.-~~~to 05 00&aIeaeo F-icsl .14 30 00 70010) 211I 5.250 0 26 250Iso 05 W.odtAMdt I 000osal 1 30 00 -700 0 21 5 250 0 26 250

30 AlaTd 011401 05 aod& . Ross _ 000,sOl 11 61 60 0000 43,12( t 107g 0 53 900Satr-1 0 5.1,0 .1 30 00 70000 271.X ~ 5 230 0 26 250

31 Ala 000 Do 05 aatI16M I 0000 ~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Potato s14 410 000 23,87( 5.968 0 29.838

MTE_ ~~ ~~05 1MBt000st 1449 20 0034,441 0 610 0 43 05032 Ala 0tD 014. 05 ad Rant 000 sle 114 44 000030,099 7 749 0 38074533 AIDald atCheat 05 W0d0 NAls 000 P-ie 14, 61090 700 00 ~ 43,26 100815 0 54.07534 At. Ash.i OlaaaA5- 0-5 00-- w &Msi mestont P01501 .1 126 00 700 00 - 002 32 096 0 110 250

ott 05 WoF Mutt Resit. en- la .14 523 70000X (X 22 40560 0 28000035 At. MosffoA. 107 HCB 0 10 )041 1 9 00 120 000 140.~73K 37,150 0 105,93836 At.LA eAlt 0 1 07 ------ W_oottA&Ma_F_ Fo5tt,std Poisate 1 20 -70000 54M 1455 0 ~ 7 1753 7 _Ata.Te. oTes 07 WA 10M0P-d. P055-0 e1 3360 7000(X 24,50 6 125 0 30 625

041110 07 AMa i 000 Fo pisate i140000 700 00 56Oq 14 000 0 70 00038 At. AlOi Wj..(a) a kitl 06 1M6Rsta0 abe49000034 301 0575 2 400 45 23339 G-bnh Ato Neistic 0cd 07 0 00CBat 1 ~65300~ 125000 01 25 20 313 2.400 103006340 Ato AWoe Wd0 06 INBBstesnsl 1 .1 77 00 2 50000 192 sq40125 3 000 245 62541 W/O D,ta. Ahab- NA 16o 06 Md1 10 P-te1 .14 242000 43 696 10 924 2 400 57 02042 AlaT- RstoRgat 05 BWdtace Md10.1. 91 00 700 00 63 7 15 939 0 79 695

43 Ala~~~~ ~ ~~~ Wot 0 V AMd Rid. 00 sle - -- -- 4 02 0060 30,814 7,7040331

44 Ntih. hthaa d 02 Ww .M.d BtisitesO 0 .. .4 45 99 300 00 3-2193 .003000O 4524145 Shl,De.N-t 02 Wd MaWi Bai-oKtsl, 14 .15 99 0000_TOO ~ 32 193 8,048 3000O 43 24146 Vt 014 cl 02 WId000Wit Ftasto e14 00840 _ __70_o000 ~ 6108( 15.470 0 37735047 Al. Nelt,l00l -F ~ 1)2 WndA&Md 0000 oao.4 i4 68000 000 47.6( 11.900 3,000 62500o

40 ~~~~~~~A.AbA 040014 02 Wd& Md6 to100 ls -- I 2T 00 7006 0 7 210875 0o 109 37549 ~~~~~~~AoAla-a T.-oIs 67 16d Mod idce Poao37 700 U 24 304 6,076 0 30380090 I~~~~~~At E6ale alba 01 W 04a OttBaoess ae 1 67320 ~ 700 00 47 040 11.760 0 58 SW

SI 9 0 igalaaA 1511 60 poawlA Btitoest Potto .14 I 000o- 53,.27 13,319 3 000 69 59652 Abc 00 04 6010Al. ed-a Diis4otss (__44T)I 0000o 10,1 7 720 3804055 AIo~~~~r Ta- 00 00 &M Posat t14 47'57 700 oo33 21 8,325 41,624

54 SooT CoAboos 06 0)Mo Rasodonca solo s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~M- 152 22 700 00 106 554 269133 19354 At.badcoso aM=r 06 Wod & Mod CS CCPvo261 102 700600 102 7045 675 220 31515 Ala -ti0 Waoo 06 W &MdRs aoml 72 66 7(0000 5061716 63 37097 At.YMlCa0Ss-bon 06IdM oCoI ~ 30 93 700 00 - -- - -2 248 6012 34,059

SO At. soh~ Bnlos 06 oo& Rn ooCaO41]6T 70 000 29,15 7 289 36,444

50 Alo 5C000 Ca 06 & a soenco 806CC .1's 4(65 701)00 29(5 7289 56444~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 6529M 728 364469 -- G40110all 06 Wod&M-ITosPol ' 44 00 34.609 8,652 3 oo 426

61 AloTosaGosoodo 01 - ' M OOSOCC(0 - - 050 )1'4 '*'~~~~~~~~~~ 0600 - 00 63, 15.7o5630 50005001755

62 t WlRos G- ad 0 1 Wod& Md 09B coa osol .61 62 700 00 43 134 10,784 53,918

63 Ala l3ajoo Aso 590 ~~ ~ ~~~~~0 1 wood & Mod Oo-nos & ROW1 ono lnaa.' ss4 5700 00 32.195 S 0481 2 400 42 64164 At.lK D Cm-a 0 & S 00 Ti1 1043 700 00 28091 7,22S 361708

65 Ala 000)0 (sofa 01 ood & Mo Ross 0000 00050 s1'. 5460 70000 24,2 6060 30343~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 3 ------- 24-27 06 3034

66 Al 00 oos 1 W d & Mod P0- COCO P-sao 63 99 7(00004 951905.967 1050 ACOOO 00 0(0509 00000000100)0000~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 001 .T- 000 00)-- - - rr 1 400 5 40095

60 JaoPA Al oba1400o a Isss Bo)09 (10000 )00W" 30 200 (A) 7 OU1770 3 400 11.13569 Aoal02. 0000 -l--000 14.(K 33.600 3.000 171 438

75 ~~~~~~Ala 0M5 I 02 5 1) Boao 000.152I ~ 2~,3O000(3 375 12 594 2,400 165 36970 )l ons b 02 Masos 0000001 1s5 .00 9,3 17 430 2400 59 509

72 0)10 ZolooSom Kodo 02 Massonas 00)00 0o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0) 50000 6930 I 50000 105,9 25.908 2,450 132 35900 2,_0121 13 33

73 Ala ., osA Mod asod 09 W d & Mo iii, 5 oo0000 P-W al -1s ____ ___ 34 441 700 46627202374 At.Ah-dEod A0 09 W00d BooMoas P-)1 _____ . 260 7000 46M)40 25 830

Kobolo ~~~ ~~~~~~02 Waod &M.d KobaloOfrioc 806010 I I I 681 0019 14 9941740G..bt ~Kobo_lo 02 Wood& 74ad KMbolOfnSo x&koh 69 16 700 00 48041 12(1031 60515

JNok-npt Kebdl HSoos 09 Wood & Mod K&Obl 010r0 Kabol,si III g00 700 00 170 26 (9 5051 970$251

Tolal Cossoposasso Coo 3,712,948 928,237 53,400 4,694,585

Annex 7 - List of Proiect Affected Vulnerable People

Name of the AffectedHousehold Head 6 Z

I Degaga Dedesa Ato Adugna lola None Male 60 Old Age2 Ato Olani Erge Juka Tole None Male 86 Old Age3 Tole W/o Taiyu Muleta Ato ksahun Tole None Female 50 Female4 W/o Deme Deno Tole None Female 60 Female & Old age

5 W/o Bedane Hluluka 05 None Female 60 Female6 W/o Bedane Huluka 05 None Female Same Female7 Ato Yadesa Deresa ( W/o 05 None Male 60 Old Age8 W/o Sadia Mehamed 05 211 Female 55 Female9 W/O Dinknesh Abateneh NA 64 Female 75 Female

10 Ato Nurhusen Mehamed 02 122 Male 65 Old AgeI Gimbi Shek Dihur Nuru 02 121 Male 70 Old Age12 W/o Kibotu Geleta 02 None Female 55 Female13 W/o Nigatua Abiyu 06 1226 Female 68 Female & Old age14 Aba emiru Wakllra 06 None Male 60 Old Age15 Ato Tezkira Tolesa 06 None Male 67 Old Age16 W/o Alemitu Jaleta 01 None Female 60 Female & Old age17 Ato Teso Gemeda 01 None Male 70 Old Age18 W/o Regatu Kaba 01 None emalF NA Female-9 Jogir PA W/o I'sehai Alemu None Female 38 Female20 Ato Jote Fite 02 None Male 60 Old Age21 Nekempt W/o Merima Abrham 02 None Female 30 Female22 w/o Zemzem Kedir 02 None Female 35 Female23 Ato Ousma Ahmed Mehamed 09 15 M-ale 60 Old Age

ANNEX 8 - MINUTES OF MEETINGS WITH LOCALAUTHORITIES

ANNEX 8-1 SUMMARY NOTES OF THE MEETINGS HELD WITH THE

WEREDA ADMINISTRATIONS. TOWN AND MUNICIPAL

COUNCIL MEMBERS AND PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS

Nekempt - Mekenaio Road Upgrading Projects - List of the Participants of the

Meeting Regarding to the Resettlement Issue Issues of the Proiect Road.

1. Meeting Place: Gotu Woyu Wereda Office / NekemptMeeting Date: 26/01/2003 E.C

List of Participants

Nr Name Organization Position1 Ato Alemayehu Begada Organization Head2 Ato Taddese Amente Zone Administration Vice Head3 Ato Dechesasa Dugasa Zone Administration Head4 Ato Gemechu Borru Agriculture Head5 Ato Sisay Abera Ind. & Urban Dev. Planner6 Ato Tesfaye Dirata Tele Expert7 Ato Abebe Fekdu Municipality Head9 Ato Bojor Feysa Indry and urban devt. Expert10 Ato Gadisa Adugna Water works Head

2. Meeting Place: Gimbi Wereda Office! GimbiMeeting Date: 27/01/2003

List of Participants

Nr Name Organization Position1. Ato Tesfaye Tulu Special Wereda Head2. Ato Dereje Bekele Urban Development Office Head

Note: 7Tlere were many participants in eachi meeting and onlyfew are listed itn the above tables

RAP for Nekempt -Mekenajo Annex 8-1

DISCUSSION POINTS

The Points of discussion with the officials were prepared on the basies of the Termns ofreference give by the client. They include the following major points.

1. Dispute resolution mechanism2. Laws and regulations3. Agencies and NGOs for resettlement activities4. How to avoid inflow of people in the expectation of compensation.5. General characteristics of the displaced people6. Land tenure and transfer systems7. Public infrastructure and social services to be affected8. Definition for displaced persons9. Proposed Compensation10. Procedures for physical relocation11. Availability and locations of potential land for reallocation.12. Construction cost estimates

In addition to the above points, several other points were also/ discussed the summary ispresent below. During the meetings there were many other participants from the PAPs.

The Out Come of the Discussion

Only the major points which are forwarded by the officials are summarized and presentedas follows.

1. All of the people and the officials wish the construction of the road to start as soonas possible. There is a feeling that the construction is delayed beyond the expiationof the public. The public at large have started demanding the road constructionsince many years back and this has remained to be one of the major cause for thedissatisfaction of the people. The people have an expressed their apprehension thatthe construction of the road may not become materialized. However, they are readyto forgo their current holdings for the sake of the road construction withoutdemanding any sort of compensation.

2. For the people to be displaced the agencies which will have a role in implementingthe compensation process are identified and these include:

* Woreda Administration Office* Wereda Agriculture Office* Municipality* Industry and urban development deptt.* Representative from PAPs

RAP for Nekempt - Mekenajo Annex 8-2

3. In the rural areas, the land allotted for residence and farming are different. Thuspeople can not encroach the row and built the houses for the sake of obtainingcompensation. Although constructing houses and other buildings for the sake ofcompensation is not common, incase this is observed the officials will take animmediate action to reverse the situation.

In the urban areas, the officials and the public will take possible measure to controlany type of new construction activities along the road. Therefore, inflow of peopleinto the road will not be a problem and can be handled very easily by the people andthe local officials. On the contrary, it is observed that the people are ready todemolish their houses and be relocated to new places entirely by their own expensesif the road is to be constructed. This has been witnessed in Robe Town veryrecently.

4. There are many places for relocating the project affected people. Due to the fact thatthere is no any limitation of free land, the best relocation site will be carefullyselected and given for rehousing PAPs. Places for business, residence, and anyother activities is already identified in the master plans of the towns and on the basisof that the places with equal locational advantage will be selected and provided tothe PAPs. Upon notification by the client, the local authorities have promised togiven land without delay.

5. The local authorities have expressed their commitment to provide instance tovulnerable groups as and when required.

6. The local authorities are informed that though the people to be displaced areidentified at this stage, their could be some changes during construction of the road.There may be more additional people whose houses and holdings will be damagedor the effect could also be minimized compared to what is identified now.

The budget that may be allotted for compensation will therefore be adjusted on thebasis of the construction design. The local authorities and the people are informedto expect any changes. In the process if there will be more people to be displacedthan is currently expected, the people and the local authorities are ready to providemore free land for relocation and any other form of assistance for the people.Therefore, prior to relocating the people, the local authorities have requested theclient work closely with with concerning the relocation of the project affectedpeople.

7. For the people to be affected fully, 200m2 of land will be given on the basis of theexisting guideline and practice in the region. In addition, the PAPs will be allowedto retain the left over land.

8. The assessment of compensation will be implemented on the basis of detailed eachof the houses. The local authorities have suggested to add 100% additional cost is tobe added on top of the replacement cost of the houses. This will earlier


inconveniences as well as the market value of the houses which is much higher thanthe replacement cost of the houses.

9. For the water, pipes and telephone and electric pole lines that will be affected, landfor relocation will be made available.

10. The local authorities have expressed houses which are built very recently withoutthe permission of the municipalities they their reservation about ERA'scompensation policy and they proposed that inorder to discourage illegalconstruction should not be compensated. If such houses are compensated, they willbe a cause for the spread of illegal construction of houses within the row for the sakeof obtaining compensation and this will en courage illegal construction of houses inthe rest of the country.

11. There are no NGOs that can have a role in implementing the resettlement actionplan.

12. The restriction not to use the land in the row for new activities will be notified to thepeople soon.

13. Along the project road, there is a limitation of land and there fore, the farmers thatwill be affected should receive cash compensation.

14. Those people whose houses will be affected by the project need to have their housesrebuilt. This is the only major land acceptable form of compensation for them.

15. The people leaving within the kebele house will be transferred to the new houses forthe same rent.

16. The resettlement action program should be implemented by the full involvement ofthe localities. Therefore, representatives from different local offices, publicinfrastructures, the affected people, elders and religions leaders are were identifiedas potential members of the RAP implementing committee.

17. There is an established practice within the region of Oromyia that 10year incomefrom the farm land will be calculated and given for the farmners to be displaced ascompensation if the land is required for development purposes.

18. The houses which are built within the Row before the cut-off date have been notedby the local authorities. They have agreed to stops all future encroachment into theROW.

19. The local authorities specially the municipalities and urban development depts.haveprovided the current construction estimate for the different types of houses.

20. The resettlement action program will be started and finalized based on the client'sschedule.


Region: Town:Zone: Date:Woreda:

1. Any dispute resolution mechanism?

2. Laws and Regulations governing land tenure

2.1 Valuation of assets & losses2.2 Compensation2.3 Environmental laws2.4 Social welfare regulations

3. Laws and Regulations relating to the agencies for resettlement activities

4. Name of agencies/NGOs for resettlement activities

No. Name of Agencies/NGOs Responsibility

5. The institutional capacities of the Agencies and NGOs

Institution/NGOs CapacitiesManpower Office Vehicle Others

6. How to avoid current inflow of people in the expectation of compensation

7. General characteristics of displaced persons


8. Provision to update information on the displaced people's livelihood and standard ofliving

9. Land tenure and transfer systems

10. Public infrastructure & social services to be affected

11. Definition of displaced persons

12. Proposed compensation under the local law

13. Institutional & technical arraignments for identifying and preparing relocation sites

14. Productive potential, locational advantages and other factors of the resettlementareas? (please indicate the relocation sites)

15. Procedures for physical relocation under the project

Activity Time

Site preparationTransferLegal arrangement for regulanzing tenureTransferring titles to resettlersHousingInfrastructure

* Water supply* Feeder roads* Schools* Health

Engineering & Architectural designs

16. Describe the boundaries of relocation area

17. EIA of the proposed resettlement area and measures to be taken to overcome theproblems if there is any.

18. Monitoring of resettlement/rehabilitation activities

19. Any other issues

20. Estimated Construction cost of one m2 area of Chika house

21. Estimated Construction cost of one m2 area of Concrete house


22. Estimated Cost for relocating Telephone Pole of one unit

23. Estimated Cost for relocating Electricity Pole of one unit

24. Estimated Cost for water supply

25. Estimated Cost for modem fences

26. Cost for house compensation please attach the specifications for item 20-25 above.


ANNEX 8.2 - MINUTES OF MEETING WITH LOCAL AUTHORITIES

Summary notes of the meeting held with woreda administration; town and

municipal council members concerning rural and urban kebeles where the

Nekempt - Mekenaio road passes through.

The meetings were held between March 7 -9/03 in the following woredas and towns:

1. Gimbi wereda Administration2. Gimbi Municipality3. Nekempte Municipality4. Goto Wayu wereda Administration5. Diga Wereda Administration6. Western Welega Zone Administration Offie

The meetings with the local authorities were held and minutes the Amharic version ofminutes of the meetings with each woreda land towns are attached with this Annex andare summarized below.

The main discussion points of the meeting were:

1. To provide the list of PAPs found in each section of the road (town or kebele) toworeda administration and town councils.

2. To inform local authorities that the cut off date for compensation was the date that theconsultant carried out the field survey and recorded the list of PAPs (between 15thand 20th January 2003).

3. To ensure the availability of land in the area for replacement for fully affected PAPs.4. To ensure that local administrations will construct similar houses using the

compensation payment made to it as replacement cost for affected kebele houses, andshall provide the houses it construct for fully affected households and who reside inthe affected kebele houses with the same amount of rent

5. The local authorities (woreda and kebele) shall monitor to ensure that PAPs who ownprivate houses and received compensation from ERA will rebuild similar type of theirprevious house

6. Local authorities have agreed to maintain close contract and provide special supportand assistance to identified vulnerable households (elderly and female headedhouseholds) while they are rebuilding their house and restore their income

In all woredas where the consultant had meeting with woreda administrations, towncouncils, rural and urban kebeles have confirmed to:

* Provide land for relocated houses* Provide assistance to vulnerable groups


* Monitor that PAPs will rebuild their houses with the compensation they receive.They also have agreed to establish the controlling mechanism in consultation with theImplementing committee.

* Monitor that no new construction is carried out in the ROW after the cut off date* To ensure that kebele administrations will provide similar houses to those PAPs who

already rent kebele houses and affected by the project.


X 8-3 SAMPLE AMHARIC VERSION OF THE MINUTES OF MEETING WITHLOCAL AUTHORITIES

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