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ARRAYS

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Case

You are required to store the following data for theHealth Ministry Department of India:

Name of states and union territories along withcapitals

Population of eachiteracy rate of each

Compute and display the state with highest populationand literacy rate!

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Notion of an array

"rray# Homogeneous collection of $aria%les of same

type!

# &roup of consecuti$e memory locations!# inear and inde'ed data structure!

(o refer to an element) specify

#"rray name# Position num%er * Inde' +

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,ingle Dimension "rrays,ingle Dimension "rrays

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"rray -ormat

.lements of an array can %e integers) floats) charactersetc!

"ll the elements share a common name with an inde'called su%script!

In an array of n elements:

[0] [1] [2] [3] [n-1]

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Memory ayout

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Declaration

/hen declaring arrays) specify

# Data typeof array * integers) floats ) characters0!!+

# Nameof the array!

# ,i1e: num%er of elements

array2type array2name3 si1e 4 5

# .'ample:

int student3 67 4 5

float my2array 3 877 4 5

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.'ample

1004

1006

1008

1010

1012

1014

1016

1018

(x[0])

(x[1])

(x[2])

(x[3])

memory addresses

-or e'ample)

int ' 3 9 4 5

"n array of integers of 9elements!

Note that the starting memory

address is determined %y the

operating system*ust li;ethat of simple $aria%le+!

Contiguous memory locations

are allocated!

Square bracket

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.'amples

Integer array of

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si1eof*+

(he amount of storage required to hold an array is directlyrelated to its data type and the si1e!

.'ample

(otal si1e in %ytes for a 6 D array:

total %ytes > si1eof* data type+ ? si1e of array

int a 3 @ 4 5total2%ytes > < ? @

> 69 %ytes in memory

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.'ercise

int main* $oid+ A

float f63674 5

char c63674 5

printf*Bd) si1eof*f6++5

printf*Bd) si1eof*c6++5

return 75

E

Futput:

97

67

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.'ample 6

/rite a program to read 67 integers from the user

and display them!

int main* $oid+ A

int digit3 67 4 ) t 5

printf*B Gn .nter the $alue of 67 integers B + 5

? for reading 67 integers from the user using scanf ?

for* t > 7) t 67 5 t J J +

scanf* B d) Kdigit 3 t 4 +5? for displaying the integers using printf ?

for* t > 7) t 67 5 t J J +

printf* B d) digit 3 t 4 +5

return 75E

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.'ample 8 digits 3 6 4 > 87 digits 3 < 4> 877

digits 3 8 4 > 7 digits 3 9 4> 7 digits3 = 4> 7

digits 3 @ 4 > 7 digits 3 R 4 >7 digits 3 S 4 >7

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(he second way is toInitiali1e each array element separately

i+[0]13-!

i+[]3!

i+[3]3!

i+[-]!

i+[/]3!

Initiali1ing "rrays

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Tasics of character array

If you are required to store a group of character li;eyour name) city ) or your college name) or any wordor te'tyou need to define a array of characters!

" char $aria%le can hold a ,IN&. character onlyli;e

char c > U" 5

char c6>UT5

/hat if you need to store B,achin (endul;ar orBMVMT"I a string!

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Character "rrays

(o hold a single string you need to declare a single

dimension character array char str 3 66 4 5

/hen declaring a character array to hold astring* group of characters+) one need to declarethe array to %e one character longer than thelargest string that it will hold

.'ample a%o$e array str3 66 4 will hold 67characters and a NV character * UG7+ at the end

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How (o .nter $alue O

? program to read users name and display it ?

int main* +

Achar str 367 4 5

printf* B .nter your name B+5

scanf*B s ) str+5

printf* B Your name is : s) str+5

return 75

E

o nee+ to p2t

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In case of character arrays

Name of the array is the starting address of the

array

char str36745

Kstr 3 7 4 >Wstr

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Disad$antage of s

/hile reading a string using sformat specifier) it does notscan the string after the space %ar!

-or e'ample

,chin (endul;ar

It will scan only B ,achin !

It will I&NFL. any space or ta% space

How to scan a complete te't of wordsO

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gets* +

gets* argument string+ : Collects a string ofcharacters terminated %y new line character UGnfromthe standard input stream * stdin +!

It allows to input spaces) ta%s and copies all thecharacter till new line into the argument string andappend a NV character UG7at the end of it!

-or e'ample

char str 3

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puts* +

puts* argument string +:

It displays the string of characters from argument

string to standard output till NV characterand

appends a new line character at the end!

-or e'ample

puts * str + 5

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45678: Inp2t ten n2mbers into an array,

2sing val2es o% 0 to 99, an+ print o2t all n2mbers

ex$ept %or the largest n2mber..? to accept 67 $alues in the range 7 to SS ?

int si1e>675

int $alue3si1e4) i5for *i>75 i si1e5 JJi+

A scanf *Bd)K$alue3i4+5

if *$alue3i4 W SS XX $alue3i4 7+ A printf *B enter only $alues within 7 SS +5

i5 E

E

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? to find the greatest among the list ?int ma'imum> 75

for *i>75 i si1e5 iJJ+

Aif *ma'imum $alue3i4 +

ma'imum > $alue3i45

E

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? to print all the $alues other than the greatest ?

for *i>75 i si1e5 iJJ+

A

if *$alue3i4 > ma'imum +

printf *Bd) $alue3i45

E

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Home "ssignment

/rite a program to read a te't from console and

display the num%er of words and lines in the te't!