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SHHH Californiannews news news news news news
EBS becomes ESA~811181EEm!8lI!8l11181IIIIIIII!llW!8lI'lli8l!8li=I~III8l8l!!!1181181111111!11111181lllllllill8l!8l81~,_81=8l!8l~I;;;;;;;;;;;r)8l'lli!llllll~
By Don Senger, President SHHH CA
On November 10, 1994, the Federal Communications Commission approved a proposal to modernize the EmergencyBroadcast System (EBS). The proposal is thenet result of over 2 years of evaluation andtesting by almost 100 participating radio andtelevision stations, cable companies, manufacturers and consumer advisors, includingSHHH. The new system, renamed the Emergency Alert System (EAS), utilizes newtechnology and equipment in both the transmission and receiving of emergency mes-
ges. All radio and television stations willhave until July 1, 1996, to comply with thenew regulations. Cable companies, as newentities to the EAS, will have until July 1,1997, to comply. Of particular importancein regard to television broadcasts for hearing impaired viewers are the new procedures that require simultaneous transmissionof emergency messages in audio and textmode. Following are condensed highlightsof the FCC ruling in this regard:
"Chapter 1 of Title 47 of the Code ofFederal Regulations is amended by deletingSubpart G ofPart 73, adding a new Part 11,andamending Parts 0, 73 and 76 asfollows:
PARTll-EMERGENCYALERTSY~
TEM(EAS)
11.33 EAS Decoder
(a)(i)(4) Display. A visual message shallbe developed ./i-om any EAS header codesreceived. The message will include theOriginator, Event, Location, and valid time
eeriodofthe message and the local time themessage was transmitted. The messageshall be in the primary language of thebroadcast station or cable system and be
fully displayed on the decoder and readablein normal light and darkness.
11.51 EAS Code and Attention SignaLTransmi.ssion Requirements.
(c) Effective July 1, 1996, all radio andtelevision stations shall transmit EAS messages in the main audio channel.
(1) By the above date, television stationsshall transmit a visual message containingthe Originator, Event, Location and thevalid time period of the message. If themessage is a video crawl, it shall be displayed at the top ofthe television screen orwhere it will not interfere with other visualmessages.
(g) Effective July 1, 1997, cable systemsshall transmit EAS audio messages in thesame order specified in paragraph (a) ofthis section. .... Additionally, subject cablesystems must:
(2) provide video interruption and anaudio EAS message on all channels. Theaudio message must state which channel iscarrying the visual EAS message.
(3) Subject cable systems shall transmita visual EAS message on at least one channel. The message shall contain the Originator, Event, Location and the valid timeperiod of the EAS message. If the visualmessage is a screen crawl, it shall be displayed at the top ofthe subscriber's television screen or where it will not interftre withother visual messages.
(4) Cable systems shallprovide a methodto alert hearing impaired or deafsubscrib-
See "EAS", page 2.
. - - -.-.- -.- - -.-.-.- .
,•••a Alphabet Soup 2
a Fax and your TrY 3
a Play it loud! . . 3
a They're paying attention 4
a SHIm: CA board of trustees 5
a Mediation - untapped alternative 6
a Hearing aids and the topics 7
a Don't belive tile ads! 7
a Case of tile missing captions 8
a TIl1lI1ks for donations 9
a Deep canal fitting 9
a Avoiding affiliate disbandment 10
a Letters to editor 10
a Program suggestions II
.":",:':.;, ':':";.:';.:: :.: ::.::::.::.;.:.. : ..:. ::':':'.:.,.; :. ::",;.:::: .. ':::: .. ;:.. . ',' :.'-:.':.":.: ..; '. .. :.:.::::.:.::::..::;.; ::.:::.. :::.. :: :: :::::.: : .. "':.;.;.:.': : ::.: .. : ;.::: :.:::: :.:.,':.; .. :'.:: .. ::: . '::.,':::: ~ .' .
2 SHHH Californian
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EAS
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Continuedfrom page 1.
ers to £AS messages. Methods may include: a box that displays £AS messagesand activates other alerting mechanisms orlights; visual messages on all channels, etc.
11.54 EAS operation during a NationalLevel emergency.
(b)(7) T V broadcast stations shall display an appropriate £AS slide and transmitall EAS announcements visually andaurally as specified in 73.1250(h) of thischapter.
(8) Announcements may be made in thesame language as the primmy language ofthe station.
11.55 EAS operation during a State orLocal Area emergency.
(b) £AS operations must be conductedas specified in State and Local Area Plans.The plans must list all authorized entities
participating in the State or Local Area£AS.
(c) Immediately upon receipt ofa Stateor Local Area £AS message, participatingbroadcast stations and cable systems mustdo the following:
(4) Broadcast stations and cable systems participating in the State and LocalArea £AS must discontinue normal programming and follow procedures in theState and Local Area Plans. Television stations must comply with 11.54(b)(7). Broadcast stations providing foreign languageprogramming shall comply with 11.54(b)(8)of this part.
73.1250 Broadcasting emergency information.
(h) * * * However, when an emergencyoperation is being conducted under a national, State or LoealArea EmergencyAlertSystem (£AS) Plan, emergency informationshall be transmitted both aurally and visu-
ally unless only the £AS codes are transmitted as specified in 11.51 ofthis chapter.
I am very pleased to see that the finalproposal that the FCC approved includesmany of the reconunendations I had madeas a member of the Emergency BroadcastSystem National Advisory Council duringthe 2-year evaluation and testing of the sys-tem. The cooperation and assistance I received from station technicians,manufacturers, and government agencyrepresentatives during that period was mostimpressive and rewarding. It was a realpleasure working with them and sharingwith each other our problems and frustrations with the way emergency messages arebroadcast (or not broadcast) to those whoneed the infomlation presented to themvisually. Hopefully, the new regulationswill vastly improve communication ofemergency information to deaf and hard of_hearing viewers. ~
Acronyms are a popular - and practical communication shortcut, but sometimesdifficult to keep up with for those to whomthese alphabetical labels are not a regularpart of their vocabulary or jargon. Here'san update on one narrow area of the confusing whole.
Hereabouts, we've always used the termIDD (meaning, Telecommuni cation Device for the Deaf) because that has beenused by leadership of the Deaf conununityfor many years. Back East, they've alwaysused TrY (Telephone TYpewriter). In allADA (Americans with Disability Act, remember?) regulations, the U.S. Departmentof Justice insisted on TT (Text Telephone)- apparently to remove the 'onus' of the
word Deaf. But the new teml didn't take,and after a couple years of debate, it seemsall parties have agreed to return to the original, TTY. So to be PC (Politically Correct),we'll use TrY - when we remember.
Intimately related to the TrY are someother teffi1S that may be confusing to theuninitiated. CRS stands for the wonderfulCalifornia Relay Service which provides 24hour, 365 day access for a TTY to a voicephone (anywhere in the world!). NoID1ally,a hearing impaired person using a TrYtypes to the relay operator who places thecall, speaks with tlle hearing caller and tllentypes back his or her responses. A handyfeature, now available, is VCO (Voice CarryOver), which when requested allows the
hard of hearing person using a TTY (and astandard phone) to voice directly to thehearing party while the relay operator typesback the latter's comments. Not only isVCO a boon to poor typists, but it allowsthe 'emotional' inflections of speech tocome through - at least in one direction
By tlle way, CRS services cost the callernothing; you pay only the usual telephonecharges (with a TTY discount on toll calls).It does cost the DDTP (California Deaf andDisabled Telecommunications Program)about 25 million a year to provide this serv-ice. The DDTP also spends about $10 mil- alion a year to provide TTYs and other.telecommunicationequipment at no charge.
smrn: Californian 3
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_FAX and your TTY, or coping with yet another de-•vice.
5EEEEEEEEE5 EE !mi SEllim511151 5!SE!SE 551551 EEE88E!llIII!5555EEEI 5155EEEEEII!SESE!llIII!!W5S51
By Bill Cutler
My subject is the compatibility of yourTTY and a FAX machine. FAX(FAcs[X]irnile) is fast becoming the popular mode for hard copy communication,since it is more flexible than E-mail, certainly faster than U.S. Postal SelVice, andprobably cheaper within the same metropolitan area. It's getting so that people raisetheir eyebrows when you confess with a redface that you don't have a FAX nwnber;"But, how can I rush you my words ofwisdom?!!"
At any rate, I finally broke down and gotme a "Personal" (meaning, relatiyely inexpensive with themlal-instead-of-plain-paper) FAX machine. I must admit it's a neatlittle gadget, not much bigger than the fancyphones they're selling nowadays, which
_does all kinds of tricks - including emergency (but curly!) photocop ies. It certainlyis more flexible (handles forms, cursivescribbles and drawings as well as computergenerated copy) and reliable than theFAX/modem I have in my computer (withwhich I've never succeeded in receiving aFAX) (and I don't have to leave my computer on 24 hours a day).
BUT ... it doesn't like my TTY! Forthose who "don't have a dedicated FAXphone number" (and I certainly can't justify the ex-pense for my minimal FAX traffic), the manual talks vel)' proudly of anautomatic mode in which, when the phonerings, the machine will quietly deteml.ine ifit is a FAX call. Finding none, it will eitherring (its own buzzer, NOT my house-wideflashing light system) for 30 seconds, or,connect with my TAM (Telephone Answering Machine, for those of you not up to dateon contemporal)' acronyms) and allow amessage to be left.
Well, I can't hear tl1e buzzer, and even if_I could, am no longer agile enough to raceto the phone, so the first alternative is out.And although the FAX machine connects
witl1 my TTY (if I've remembered to put itin autoanswer mode even though at home),when I try to interrupt the machine hangsup. For three days of increasingly franticex-perimentation I lost all incoming callswhen the FAX machine was turned on (bycoincidence, I was in a blitz of urgent FAXtraffic and seldom turned it off).
With regret, I finally forsook thepromising automatic feature when a frustrated caller managed to get through andasked whether I had changed my phone. Hereported that every time he tried to call methe CRS (California Relay SelVice, which Iuse all tl1e time) operator told him he was"calling a FAX number". "AH HA!Eureka!! That's the answer!! !", says Bill:When a call comes through, the FAX machine conscientiously answers it with a special tone inviting a "handshake" fromanother FAX machine, and if the overatureis not returned, it realizes this is a voice calland proceeds to ring through or connectwilli tl1e answering machine. The problemis that when a relay operator or other callershear the initial FAX tone (or even the answering machine announcement) they abortthe call.
My solution is a sometimes awkwardone, but it works. I realized tl1at having bothmachines on line was unrealistic. So Irigged a switch, activating~ the TTYill the FCLX machine. The nornml phone lineconnection is to the TTY. When I want totransmit a FAX I switch the line. The onlyl1andicap is that a person wanting to send mea FAX must first give me a TTY (or relay)call, which prompts me to throw llie switchto the FAX nmchine so it is ready to receive.The system works smoothly, no calls arelost, and eventually all my FAX correspondents will know the technique. I have FAXservice on only one phone line/bill!
Speaking of compatibility and machine"handshakes", I might explain one reasonfor the slight delays whenever a phonecalled by a TTY stops ringing (which you
probably never noticed). The TIY (IF it isASCII compatible) is attempting to handshake with a computer. If successful, itswitches from BAUDOT (the usual TTYmachine language) to ASCII (computer language).
The ability to use ASCII (available onmore expensive TTYs, including those issued by the DDTP) dran1atically eX1ends thepopulation (your children and grandchildren with computers, as well as businessassociates) with whom a TTY can "talk" at a much faster speed (for good typists).But don't stay in ASCII mode for relaycalls! For arcane reasons beyond this article, they are NOT compatible.
"Play it loud!"Not only do we have to wOfl)' about the
hearing damage caused by youthful proclivity for loud music, but now kids areurged to tum up the volume on computergames. Of course the excitement is increased in botl1 instances when the adrenalin starts flowing - but at an awful price ifcontinued too loud for too long.
The BetterHearing Institute leaders havecomplained to Nintendo of America that itslatest TV advertising campaign slogan"Play it loud!" is a prescription for noise-induced hearing loss and should be canceledimmediately.
But Nintendo refuses to end the campaign, insisting that the phrase simplymeans "live life to the fullest ... have fun ...enjoy being a kid ... enjoy video games tothe max". Even these interpretations can becarried to far. They certainly don't justifytl1e potential ofencouraging children to expose themselves to sound levels that couldpermanently dan1age their hearing.
4 SillIH Californian
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r ???????w? r? rm
[Your editors were delighted by the exposure about our disability (and SHHH) tomillions ofreaders by an article in ParadeMagazine (Sunday paper supplement, nationwide). The author, Earl Ubell, quotes anumber ofsources on the diverse viewpointsinvolving hearing loss and the use ofrelatedtechnology. For those who missed it - andreinforcement to the rest ofus - we reprintthe article, "New Devices Can Help YouHear", for the insight and potential it provides.]
Medical science has now designed powerful instruments for bringing the sounds ofthe outside world to people who are hard ofhearing or profoundly deaf. Thanks to thesenew technologies, many are being offeredthe chance to communicate with thosearound them who have no hearing problems.
The National Institute on Deafness andOther Communication Disorders reportsthat 28 million Americans have some difficulty hearing. Estimates are that 80 percentof the difficulties cannot be corrected,though they can be helped. But many of theprofoundly deaf want no part of tills bravenew world of improved hearing.
Through a sign language interpreter, Iinterviewed two seniors at Gallaudet University for the deaf and hard of hearing inWasillngton, DC. Don Miler, 23, was borndeaf. His major is sign communication.Jenny Lin, 21, lost her hearing at 2. She isstudying communication arts. I asked eachone: "Suppose science had developed a littlebox to be inserted in your head to give youperfect hearing. Would you take it?"
"No!" said Jenny Lin. "I don't need tohear. I have already established my identityas a deaf person. All my opportunities andall my experiences lie in the deaf conununity. I calmot imagine being a hearing person."
Don Miller agreed. "We would not usetechnology to feel the equivalent of a hearing person, because we already feel equivalent of a hearing person," he said. "Theiracillevements differ. "
Gallaudet's president, Dr. I. King Jordan, 51, echoed those sentiments: "The notion that deafness is a handicap bothers me.Deaf people should not be labeled and limited in their aspirations." Jordan, a psychologist, lost ills hearing at 20 in a motorcycle accident. He wears a hearing aid, hesaid, to pace ills speech.
Cyntilla Compton, an audiologist at Gallaudet, noted that willie hearing devices arecontroversial, some students do wear them."There is political pressure for all studentsto use American Sign Language and not useauditol)' technologies, even if they can," shesaid.
The feeling that deafness is a difference,not a disability is shared by many. SaidHarlan Lane, a linguist and psychologist atNortheastern University: "It's vel)' difficultfor hearing people to understand, but beingdeaf is legitimate." He opposes the newhearing devices for cillidren born deaf. Hepoints out that, even Witll the technical advances, the distinctive tones of deaf speechcan inmlediately be discerned by hearingpeople; that deaf people often have to askfor messages to be repeated; and they frequently are unsuccessful in their attempts tospeak in a hearing world.
But Jane Madell, an audiologist at LongIsland College Hospital in Brooklyn, NY,said: "The deaf want it both ways. If, asthey say, deafness is just a difference andnot a disability, then they are not entitled tothe special disabihty progranls that deafchildren now receive."
These are some of the devices now beingoffered to people who are deaf or hard ofhearing:
The Cochlear Implant. Doctors canimplant tills small device directly under the
skin behind the ear and into the cochlea, theshell-like bony chamber in the inner ear.Normally, the fine hairs in the cochlea transfornl sound into electrical sigrJals. Theauditol)' nerve picks up those signals andconducts them into the hearing center of thebrain. Profound deafness results when thecochlea no longer does its job.
The implant gets signals from a microphone beillnd the ear that picks up outsidesounds. A pocket-sized computer called a"speech processor" transforms these soundinto electrical pulses. These activate theimplant to create electrical signals thattravel down fine wires to the auditol)' nerveand then into the hearing center of the brain.Even though the messages are modified, thebrain receives enough infornlation to pickout the meaning. About 10,000 formerlydeaf cillidren and adults can hear as a resultof this implant.
An implant - and, for that matter, anyehearing aid - works best when the patienthas had some early experience with I10mlalhearing or speech, because electrical wavesestablish speech pathways in the brain inthose early days. Nevertheless, scientistsare discovering that vigorous stimulation ofthe brain (such as that provided by an implant), even in patients born deaf or whobecame deaf soon after birth, slowly improves hearing. The important issue is adjusting the cochlear implant to suit eachperson's hearing pattern.
"The inlplant gives me a pretty naturalsound," said DOIIDa Sorkin, executive director of the group SHHH (Self Help for Hardof Hearing People). She began to lose herhearing in her 20s and lost it completely by40. Sorkin had a cochlear implant two yearsago. "I can recogillze voices I had heardbefore." she said. "I can use the phone byplugging my speech processor into an auditory adapter on the phone. Before my implant, I had not used a conventional phonefor six years." e
See "Attention," page 5.
Slll-IH Californian 5
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e Cutler, Ireland, Stein elected to SHHH CA Board ofTrustees
SHHH members in California went to thepolls and decided to reelect one member ofthe SHHH CA board of trustees and bringin 2 new members.
Bill Cutler was reelected to serve a second term on the board. Serving as SHHHCA treasurer for the past year, Cutler hasalso served on the SHHH National board oftrustees, including terms as president and astreasurer, with distinction. He is co-chair ofthe Deaf & Disabled Telephone Administration under the PUC, and has served asan advisor to the National Captioning Institute, State Department of Rehabilitation,State Architect's Office, San FranciscoHearing Society, and DCARA.
She's been a program presenter and a member at the SHHH Escondido and SHHHSports Arena-San Diego chapters. Shebrings to the SHHH CA board an extensivebackground in publishing, publicity andpublic relations.
New faces on theSHHH CA board oftrustees ... Joan Ireland and Paul Stein..........................................:::::::::::...:.:.:::::::::::::::;:::::::::::;:::::::::::;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:::::::::::;:::::::;:;:::::::::::::.":::.:.:.::::
Clara County Volunteer Service Award.Paul has extensive back ground in advocacyand the ADA.
The SHHH CA board of trustees congratulates Bill, Joan, and Paul on their election to the board and look forward toworking with them. The board of trusteeswould also like to extend its thanks andappreciation to former board members LouSpiros and Jonathan Frieman, for their tireless efforts and outstanding contributionswhile serving on the SHHH CA board oftrustees. Each has offered to continue to beof assistance to board in any way tiley canbe of help.
Joan Ireland is one of the two new faceson the SHHH CA board. Joan served oncommittees for the 1993 SHHH NationalConvention in San Diego, and on the 1994SHHH CA State Convention in Concord.
Paul Stein is our otller new face on theSHHH CA board. Paul is a past presidentof tlle SHHH San Jose chapter, and wasrecognized Witll tlle 199.+ SHHH NationalAdvocate of the Year Award and Santa
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"Some hard of hearing people condemnus for bringing up Molly orally," said hermother. "But why wouldn't you want yourchild to be oral if she could?"
As for tlle profoundly deaf, they takepride in a nonhearing community and culture But new hearing research and technical advances will enable many moreindividuals to make deafness clearly a condition of choice.
Some new hearing aids employ FM radio waves to transmit sound from tlle mouthof a lecturer all the way across an auditorium to the ear of a wearer who is hard ofhearing. One tiny aid the size of a smallsnail leans against the eardrum to producehigh-quality sound reception. Another device creates clear sounds by accommodating the patient's hearing panem. If, forexample, the patient cannot hear highpitched voices the instrument automaticallyboosts the loudness of those weak frequencies as tlley enter the ear.
Molly Lubin, 10, was bom deaf. At fiveweeks, she was fitted with hearing aids toboost tlle hearing she had. A teacher helpedher become aware of sounds. Today, with
Not everyone does so well, but almostevery person improves. Critics point outthat there can be infections, and the implantdevice . . . is hard to replace if it stopsworking.
CO/lli/luedfrom page 4. to speech, even for just a few days after the hearing aids, Molly can make phonebirth, improves the deaf child's chances of calls. She reads lips - but she also candeveloping good speech pattems witll the understand speech without lipreading.later use of technology. Molly had the leading roll in her class play
last year. So natural was her voice thatotller parents did not know she was deaf.
The Multichannel Auditory Brainstem Implant. The Cochlear Corp.,which makes tile cochlear implant, now haspermission from the FDA to test an implantthat skips the ear altogether. This devicecan help people whose auditory nerve hasbeen severed to remove a tumor. The implant uses electrodes placed in tlle auditoryregion of tlle brainstem, which transmitsound infomlation to tlle brain to be interpreted. The process happens almost instantaneously.
High-powered Hearing Aids. There isevidence that early exposure to sound and
6 SHHH Californian
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Mediation: The :Unta£ped Alternative333
By Dana Mulvany, Vice President,SHHH-Califomia
Did you know that your community mayhave free or low-eost mediation servicesavailable to you? Have you ever thoughtabout utilizing mediation to try to resolve aproblem about accommodating your hearing loss?
"Hold on," you might say: "What's mediation and how is it relevant to me?"
Mediation is an "alternative dispute resolution" (ADR) technique in which a neutralthird party helps disputing parties resolvetheir conflicts: Unlike an arbitrator, the mediator does not make decisions for the parties involved: In California, competentmediators will have completed at least 40hours of training and will subscribe to ethical standards set forth by the professionalorganization to which they belong:
For the purpose of this article, I'll betargeting issues related to people with hearing loss: (However, mediation is useful forissues having nothing to do with hearingloss:) Let's say you're concerned aboutwhat you perceive to be a violation of theAmericans with Disabilities Act or anotherstate or federal law: You may want a movietheater to provide an effective assistive listening system and be considering filing acomplaint under TitJe III of the ADA because no one at the theater is listening toyou: Or you may be having problems atwork in terms of obtaining the reasonableaccommodations you need to compensatefor your hearing loss:
One of the advantages of mediation isthat it can be much less adversarial than agrievance or complaint process; the mediator tries to help people find a solution ratherthan assign blame or fault as an arbitrator orjudge typically does: Thus relationshipsmay be maintained or improved throughmediation due to the resolution of the conflict
Another advantage is that the parties involved in the mediation still have control
over the decision-making and do not facethe risk of a decision which is made withoutfeedback or consultation: For people withspecial needs, then, mediation may be particularly valuable in tailoring a solutionwhich fits their needs:
Still another advantage is that mediationis often a faster way of resolving the conflictthan tJ1e other available metJlOds of resolving disputes: Employees or students whoseperfoffi1ance is affected by the failure toprovide the requested accommodations willoften find that the mechanisms to investigate complaints ofdiscrimination move tooslowly (and in a way which can escalatetension rather than alleviate stress):
Mediation does not come with any guarantees, howevec In a few cases, the otJ1erparty may be relatively uninterested in resolving the conflict and may instead belooking for weaknesses (even though communications in mediation are confidentialand CaJU10t be used as evidence): Studiesshow that mediation is successful over 85%of the time in helping the participaJ1ts toresolve conflicts:
Another risk that people witJ1 hearingloss may face is the mediator's attitudeabout acconU110dating people with hearingloss both in the mediation setting and in thepublic arena: Discrimination against people with disabilities, particularly thoseneeding changes from the public, does exist,and I would advise building in an effort toeducate tJ1e mediator either personally orwith the aid of a neutral expert in hearingloss and in the legal rights at issue (whomight be available in the session or byphone): Contact the Disability Rights andEducation Defense Fund at 1-800- 4664232 for the name of an ADA Training andImplementation Network Member in yourarea who may serve as a neutral expert onthe ADA
Due to tJ1e necessary brevity of this article, I CaIU10t offer a more complete explanation of mediation and its pros and cons:For more infonnation, please contact theSociety of Professionals in Dispute Resolu-
tionat 202-783-7277: Do try to do as muchresearch and preparation as you can beforeyou initiate the mediation: For example, tryto communicate your needs as a person withhearing loss as soon as possible, includingwhether you need to lipread all parties:(Some mediators may write things down ona flipchart and need to know not to talk asthey write tJtings down) Consider askingfor a copy of the ethical standards that themediator follows; not only will you find outifthe mediator does subscribe to such standards but you will also get a better understanding of the mediation process:Remember that you need to focus on working out a solution with the other party, notonjustifying your position with the mediator (who will not be making the decision):
Interested in mediation? I hope so! California has approximately 19 communitydispute resolution centers which offer freeor low-eost mediation services: Becausethere does not seem to be a systematic way eoflocating them, I'll list the names ofwhichI'm aware: Humboldt Mediation Services (Arcata),
Berkeley Dispute Resolution Services, Davis Commu-
nity Conciliation Network, Conflict Resolution Center
ofMonterey County (Deo Ray Oaks), Dispute Resolu-
tion Center of the Easter Sierra (Mammoth Lakes),
Conciliation Forums of Oakland, Dispute Resolution
Center (Orange), Palo Alto Mediation Task Force,
Community Dispute Resolution Center (Pasadena),
Sacramento Neighborhood Mediation Center, Com
munity Mediation Program of San Diego, The Com
munity Board Program (SF), California Commwlity
Dispute Services (SF), Neighborhood Mediation and
Conciliation Services (San Jose), Peninsula Conflict
Resolution Center (San Mateo), Mediation Services
(San Rafael), Peaceful Resolutions Institute (Santa
Barbara), Conflict Resolution Programs of Santa Cruz
County (SC), Community Mediation Programs (Santa
Monica): Private mediators may be found by looking
under Mediation in the Yellow Pages:
Isn't it nice to know you've got an alternative? Ifyou do utilize mediation services,or if you have more questions about it, I'dbe happy to hearing from you: I can bereached through the Internet at dmul- evany@sparta:sjsu:edu or via phone/fax at(408) 379-6065:
smrn: Californian 7
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eHeario{! aids in the tonics. em lUllSmm& 1iSR:mcm mm&OWh6owmOWmOWmOWiHOWHOW:cc6OWmOWc:OWmbWbWbWbWbWbWbWbWlIii&lIii&WSlIii
By Bill Cutler
It was hot and very humid that midnightin Bangkok when it happened. I had managed to get through immigration and customs and find the woman carrying theMarco Polo sign and, along with a bunch ofstill-strangers, get my luggage on the righttruck and me on the right bus for our hotel.Intrigued by the noise and bustle of thiscrowded oriental city and struggling to decipher our guide's instructions for the nextmorning, I was shocked to suddenly hearstatic in both my hearing aids, then NOTH�NG! When my panic subsided and logicprevailed I realized that the sweat pouringdown around my ears had shorted out thebatteries. Attempts to dry them with a tissue failed, but eventually I got my roomassigrunent and key.
Despite having been up for 28 hours, I_ dug into my suitcase to find some Q-tips• and the a1cohol/vinegar mixture I always
carry for post-shower treatment of my ears.First, I dried the aids and batteries thorougWy, even the battery compartment witha swab. Then I swabbed with the alcohol(which absorbs water chemically). Finally,I put all in front of the strongest air conditioning draft I could find to dry overnight and fell into bed with my fingers crossed.
The unknown was whether the rubber'rain coats' I had brought for my hearingaids would work. I had bought the SUPERSEALS originally to add attention-gettingcolor to my aids on occasion, but had neverneeded them for moisture protection (theirdesign purpose) because Palo Alto weatheris not humid and I studiously avoid bothrain and especially sweat. Knowing thetropics might provide both in spades, I hadpacked them. Thank the Fates! Theywork!!
SUPER SEALS, intended for laborersand atWetes, are shaped like a BTE (Be
A hind-The-Ear) aid and come in two sizes.• The kit includes a special plier-like tool
which stretches the seal so that it can beslipped over an aid. Once you learn the
technique they can be removed and reused.I used the same pair for the entire threeweeks of the cruise, removing them whileon shipboard and whenever I used my DAI(Direct Audio Input) extension microphone.
Some other tips ... Though travelingalone (for the first time), I was able tofunction without difficulty. I had written atwo- page letter to the cruise director explaining how my hearing loss could be accommodated - largely by sensitive staff,since the ADA does not apply to ships notregistered in the United States. My cabinsteward checked each morning at seven tomake sure I was awake (I had 'blown' mysound-activated strobe light that first nightin Bangkok by inadvertently plugging itinto 220 volt current). He woke me from anap for our only "emergency", the life-boatdrill. My dining room steward took greatpains to make sure I understood his menudescriptions, placing my extension mic(which I always had available whenl anticipated background noise) below his mouth.The audio tech in the performance loungewas prepared to plug my personal FM transnutter into his sound control board so Icould hear clearly all that went over the PAsystem. The staff responsible for toursashore reserved me a front seat on the busso I could lipread the local guide, who alsowore my FM transnutter. The cruise director even accepted my offer to make a presentation in the lounge on "Coping withHearing Loss" one moming at sea; withonly one announcement in the ship's newspaper, I had an audience of 75 with a lot ofquestions. And of course, I always carrieda pen and pad so that people could scribblewhat I was not understanding. As usual,everyone was happy to accommodate me WHEN THEY KNEW WHAT WASNEEDED.
Don't believethe ads!Ijjimiii3iimmmmmmm
The Food and Drug Adnlinistration is finally cracking down on those companiestrying to avoid the appropriately strict standards that apply to legitimate hearing aids.Last year, the FDA warned several renowned hearing aid manufacturers that theirads which seemed to promise good hearingin noise were misleading, i.e., documentation supporting the claim had not been submitted to the FDA for recognition. Yetproducts like the "Whisper XL" ($19.95!)were allowed to advertise in the popularmedia and sell "not a hearing aid, but a soundamplification device designed for peoplewith good hearing" without approval.
The FDA took action upon receiving aletter from the Hearing Industries Association complaining that it had ignored "extremely aggressive and false advertisingclaims ... which cause an enormous amountof consumer harm." The further point wasmade that "poor quality instruments createnegative experiences and further exacerbatethe existing underutilization of hearingaids".
There's little doubt that trying a cheapdevice without any professional guidance islikely to result in disappointment and longterm distrust of the potential value of properly prescribed quality aids. The FDAthreat to "initiate regulatory action, including injunction, seizure and/or civil penalties" against uncertified products isappropriate.
8 SHHH Californian
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The ca~e of the missin~ c~tio~s. 'H
By Don Senger, President,SHHH California
It was a cold, dark and stormy night asmy wife and I sat huddled together towatch "Presumed Innocent" on the CBSMovies one recent Sunday night. Naturally, I was watching it with closed captions. After an hour, we decided to watchthe movie on the TV in our bedroom.Alas, as the movie began the captions disappeared. Returning to the TV in our family room, I discovered the captions werestill being displayed on that TV, but not theone in our bedroom. Connections werechecked, wiring tested, channels flipped. Ifound I could still get captions on all channels except for the CBS Movie. And, whenthe commercials came on, the captions returned. Still, when the movie came back on,again no captions. When the movie wasover and the late news can1e on, all captioning went back to nom1a1.
What's going on, thought I? If one TVwill show the captions and the other won't,then is it a decoder problem, cable company problem, or transmitting stationproblem? Not sure, I contacted DavidMeharg, Manager of Information Servicesat CBS affiliate KPIX, San Francisco, andexplained the situation to him. He said hewould investigate.
The next day, Bill Cutler, former SHHHNational president and current SHHH CAtreasurer, called me to advise that he toohad problems with that program. But hiswas different. In his case, he lost his captioning in ilie last 3 minutes of tl1e program. Bill had been doing some checkingand noticed that when this problem occurs(and it had occurred often for him lately),just before anoilier program began. Billfaxed a detailed description of his problemand his observations to David Meharg thenext day.
To my surprise and delight, Mr. Meharg's investigation turned up some interesting answers. Aliliough specific to theproblems Bill and I had inquired about, the
possibility exists that these same problemsfrustrate captioning viewers in oilier parts
"It was a cold, darkand stormy night ...asthe movie began, the
£f!l?!!~t!:~::~!~:~EE:~:~:~~:t!::::::::::::::
of the state and nation. For iliat reason,readers who encounter sudden disappearance of captions during ilieir favorite TV program may find the followingreply from David Meharg of interest andhelp:
Mr. Meharg's reply:
"I wanted to clarifY what it was 1 wastrying to say the other day. Indeed, theproblem that you were describing in yourfax is ve'y dijJerent than what Mr. Cutlerwas describing.
First your situation... Afler bringing upyour discovery to the transmission peoplehere 1 was informed that we have beenexperiencing problems with the CBS decoder on our end. Here's the path thetelevision signal takes when coming fromnetwork: first, CBS uplinks their networkfeed to the satellite in a scrambled signal.We then descramble it when we capture thesignal here. We have found that the descrambler on this end apparently has notbeen restoring the vertical blanking intervalto its exact original form. Since the captioning signal resides in the verticalblanking interval, the captioning text isnot reconstructed precisely. The engineers here feel that the result is a hit-andmiss situation with captions. When thesignal resembles the original formclosely enough, then the captions show upfine. When that signal does not match theoriginalform closely enough, then the captions cannot be decoded on your end.
The storygets even more complicated bythe fact certain decoders are more forgiving ofimprecise signals than others. Thus,two identical decoders may react dijJerentlyto the same signal. We think that this iswhat happened in the situation you described, where you couldsee the text on oneTV set and not on another. Suffice it tosay that the problem does not reside on yourend. It is our problem to deal with. Evenas 1 was leavingfor your CAL-TVA meeting Thursday, our transmission managerwas taking a new decoder out to the satellite receive site.
We sincerely hope that this clears up theproblem you experienced. But, should yousee this happen again, by all means let meknow.
Secondly, the problem Mr. Cutler described... A t the end of some programs,and most certainly just before our lateanewscast, we run a local news headlin~tease to entice viewers to watch the latenews. You might recall seeing these"teases." We typically squeeze back thenetwork programming and insert a pictureof our news anchors reading the newsheadlines. In order to do this we switchcontrol ofthe network programming ji-omMaster Control (where it has been allnight) to the control room that coordinatesthe newscast. The moment the switch ismade is where the problem arises. Theclosed captioning signal is striped as thenetwork video passes through this newscast control room (which, by the way, isthe same problem we wouldface with theTOBI system). Thus, when the switch ismade, the captioning goes away. Sincethe switch can be made several minutesbefore the actual news tease appears, thecaptioning might be absent for the last fewminutes ofa movie--exactlywhatMr. Cutlerwas describing.
Changing the way the signal is processed would be somewhat of dauntinfA.project for us. Thus, as a workaround, w.
See "Captions", page 9
SHllli Californian
news. news news . news . news
9
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We would like to thank the following subscribers for their donations ranging from$1 to $100 (received prior to 2/14/95), to help support SHHH California activities:
LORENE ABBEYFAN AUALICE BACHELDERHOWARD BACKNORMAN BARCKDIANE BARRAGERLOTII BAUCHJOYCE BONNERHAZEL BOOTHROYDSOENKE BOYSENRICHARD BROWNSHIN HSING CHENFREDERICH CHENAULTALICE CHUCKMARGARET CHURCHIZ COHENSHERMAN CRARYN. ARDEN DANEKASDEREK DANIELSNANCY DIETRICHJOHN DONAHUEROGER R. EVANSORVEN FISCHBACHMIRIAM FISHMANFRED FLETCHERDOROTHY FLUALLENMRS TOMMIE FOGLIANIEARL FOLSTMARYM. FURUKAWAANNA WHITE GARLUNDCATHY GASPARSAMUEL GILBERT, Ph.D.PATRICIA GILLILAN,MS, CCCJAMES GONZALEZBARBARA GREERRICHARD P. GROSSSHIRLEY HAGENSJAMES HAIGHTGENEVIEVE HENKLEHARLAN HEYDONLUCILLE HOUGHVIRGINIA JOHNSTONLAURA KARRR.E. KAUFMANN
MILDRED KEMPERDOROTHY KNOPEJOAN KRAUSOTIOKUTZERNORMAN LARSONSALLY LAVERTYALFRED LEELUCILLE LEONELOUISE LIBERTIYVETTE LIDDLEANDREW C. MAASS,DDSPAUL MALARIKJOAN MELTESENPATRICIA MEYERSDONALD MOONPAUL O'GRADYBEA POWELLJOHN PRUCHA JRDONALD RAYANNA REDMONDSYLVIA RICEDON ROSSTHURM RUETIINGERELINOR SAVAGEDON SHANNONANETIA R. SIMONRAYMOND STITESPHYLLIS STONERDR. VEE SUTHERLANDELLA TIFFANYDORIS TRABERJAMES TURNERJOSEPH/ADDIE TURNERJERRY VOGELMRS. JEANNE WALLISBEVERLY WALLYMRS NANCY WEISELELAINE WICHERSPETER WINGARDSALLY WOODWALTER ZANDERNANCYZEPUL
So-called "deep canal" fittings are becomingmore common for both ear molds and ITC (InThe-Canal) aids. There are measurable acousticadvantages to shortening the distance between thedevice and the ear drum because the volume ofresonating air in the canal is reduced. The occlusion effect (hollow, tunnel, barrel sound) is lesslikely, high frequencies are enhanced and feedback is minimized.
But ~ere is proper concern for the safety riskof unskIlled practitioners getting close to the ear?mm. South Carolina now requires special train~g ~d certification for hearing aid specialistsmtendmg to do deep fittings. Other states mayfollow. Be sure your dispenser is qualified andexperienced if a deep fitting is prescribed.
CaptionsContinuedfrom page 8.
intend to ask all Master Control operators tohold offon the switch until the primary contentof the movie has ended. The hope is that wewouldn't affect the movie action itself, but insteadwaitfor the credits. Unfortunately Jean 't promise that this step will work 100% ofthe time, butit is a goodfirst move to eliminating the frustration experienced by our closed captioning viewers.
Thank you for bringing this problem to ourattention. If you hadn't, who knows how long itmight have gone unnoticed.
DavidMeharg, KPIX, San Francisco"
This is, in my opinion, an excellent example of~e cooperation between deafand hard of hearingviewers and television stations. It illustrateswha~ a station can do to improve their captioningservices for their viewers if the viewers willprovide the stations with the feedback they need......Don Senger
10 SI-llIH Californian
news news news news news news news news
Avoidin~ affiliate disbandment -- another a£eroach e
Keep up the good work!
Robyn Tenensap, M.S., Los AngeLes
sultant may be able to make some suggestions that will reverse the negative uncooperative spirit of the members.
I was one of the "I'm not a leader" excuses. Today I anl involved with numeroushard of hearing committees and task forces,thanks to Camille Jones and Leo Maggio fortheir encouragement.
SilS m!i;;m ::: : 3B ms l mm mmm 3 3 33 38
Dear Editor:
Letters to theeditor
A related point to consider, and one JoanKleinrock has repeated ly emphasized in theNational newsletter, is accepting, as given.the potential capabilities of members. Amajor goal of self- help groups is to actualize that potential. Instilling trust and confidence in the individual members nurturesthe seeds that encourage one to "blossom'by accepting the risks of leadership andgrowing gradually to meet its responsibilities.
Your article "Where are our leaders" hithome. This has been an ongoing problemin the Los Angeles Chapter. What is sad istile "involved members" get burnt-out andwhen the first opportunity to "escape" isapparent, they run for the door. Our chapterhas lost some outstanding members due tonon-involement of many members.
Finally -- who is available for this sort ofjob? Consider a neaIby affiliate leader youhave confidence in. Or, in the San Diegoarea, contact Nick Nichols. In NorthemCalifornia, contact Jim Montgomery. Andfor Soutl1ern California, contact this writer.
the meeting. This method is used by somebusiness organizations when they aresearching, not for a new leader necessarily,but for a more effective way of managingtheir business or improving customer/employee relations in the workplace. They callin a consultant.
Leaders, over a period of years, can develop a sort of tunnel-vision, which mayprevent them from recognizing some counterproductive modes of group interaction.An "outsider", a non-regular member of thegroup with leadership eXllerience, may beable to gaina different view, perhaps a moreaccurate view of what's happening in thegroup during meetings.
The consultant, for example, may detectan authoritarian style on the part of thecurrent leader that tends to stifle participation. Opportunities to encourage and compliment genuine attempts to assist in thegroup's work may go unrecognized. Rigidadherence to the operational rules ofa meeting could discourage a would-be leader whofeels intimidated by a "Robert's Rules ofOrder" setting.
There are many similar issues of thiskind which may be picked up by an outsider observer who is consciously lookingfor them
It's important to remember that a hearingloss can seriously impair one's ability todetect these negative interactions or lack ofappropriate responses. Consider the conspicuous fact that most everyone Witll amoderate-severe loss is expecting so muchenergy and attention trying to discriminatethe sounds of speech that much of tl1e subtlebehavior of the speaker is missed or misinterpreted. A neutral observer/consultant isable to focus all hisll1erenergy and attentionon those behavioral subtleties.
Of course, to take full advantage of thissuggestion, timing is important. Two or
. three montl1s before the term of office endsand there are no clues to suggest others willtake on the job -- that is tile time to seekoutside assistance. During tllat time, a con-
Even when the leader seems to be doingall the right things, there may be a lack ofinterest and/or energy on the part of members to take on the job, the work, the responsibilities of leadership. When this happens,some leaders may dig in their "committedheels" and stick it out for a few more monthsor even years. The finally succumb to burnout, turn on those same heels and quietlywalk away. The group disbands and itsmembers and their local community lose avaluable resource. And here I want toemphasize "resource". For in that respect,SHHH affiliates are unique. We are a primeconsumer to consumer based source forhearing loss information.
An issue that continues to plague ouraffiliate leaders is the one of fmeting a willing replacement before their term of officeends (exllires).
Periodically, excellent articles related tothis problem appear in our National, State,and local affiliate newsletters. A varie ty ofperspectives and solutions have been offered. All of the valid and effective formany, perhaps most situations, but not all.So the burnout and disbandment continues.The problem is real, not uncommon, andwon't go away.
By Leo Maggio, State CoordinatorSouthern California
This article has a twofold purpose: first,to invite readers/leaders to submit replies,and second, to suggest/describe a differentapproach. Some may have found original,creative ways of dealing with the problem.It would be of value to have reports on howothers have handled the situation and theirdegree of success. We could then make thisinformation available to others who mayface this dilemma in the future.
When a leader has done his/her personalbest to encourage others to take over andthere are no "takers" he/she might considergetting a "second opinion". No, not a medical diagnosis but a diagnosis or appraisal ofthe group's dynamics -- that is, how theleader relates and interacts with members in
Silllli Californian 11
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_Program su~~estions; ;
By Lucy Case, Secretary, SHHH California
Need a speaker? Some SHHH chaptersand groups keep in touch and exchangenews of good programs dealing with ourproblem of hear ing loss and what to doabout it.. Maybe we can do the same withsome suggestions for you, with 2 speakersand a popular program.
One speaker is John Darby, recently retired director of the Hearing Society of theBay Area, based in San Francisco. After 36years with the Hearing Society and affiliations with numerous organizations concerning hearing loss -- including SHHH, ofcourse, John is still active and more available as a speaker.
Many of us have heard him at state conventions and national ones. He has been a
_national advisor to SHHH for several years,.and has contributed immensely to our cause
as an advocate in Sacramento and Washington. But his gift ofgab is his most appcalingvirtue -- he can speak extemporaneously forany length of time, with anecdotes and serious stories that are very much to the point,never boring or repetitious. He can relatethe history of the old American HearingSociety, the early lip-reading classes in SanFrancisco, and tales of successes with reconditioned hearing aids for money-challenged people, as well as advising builderson installing visual alarms in retirementhomes.
You can reach Jolm Darby at P.O Box640533, San Francisco, CA 94164-0533, ortelephone (voice only) 415-388-1717.
TECHNOLOGY
Another speaker with a more teclmicalbackground is Keld Helmuth of San Rafael,
_who was one of the presenters at the SHHH.CA state convention in Concord last Febru
ary. He hails from Denmark, where he studied at a technical college and later in
audiology, and was associated with Danavox International.
At Danavox he learned to fit and testhearing instruments and worked on developing the world's first transistorized behind-the-ear hearing instrument withunique components. He came to this country in the early 70's, working with PhonicEar in Mill Valley as managing director andco-founder of the company, developingnew aspects of hearing instruments. Heholds a patent on a mic/output transducerdesign, and one on an acoustic coupler forlTE hearing aids. Since 1986, he has operated Exceptional Hear ing Services in SanRafael, dispensing hearing aids and handling assistive listening devices and accessories.
Keld is very interested in new devices tohelp us hear, and is able to explain thetechnicalities so we can understand them.
He is also concerned with our rights asconsumers, and as chair of the license examining board for Hearing Aid Dispensers,can tell us what to expect if we have aproblem with a hearing aid and no apparentsolution.
His business address is: 515 NorthgateDrive, Suite D, San Rafael, CA 949033639, phone 415-499-7766.
HEARING DOGS
Finally, tllere is a program that gives usan assistive device free of batteries -- aHearing Dog. This successful project isconducted at the Society for Prevention ofCruelty to Animals, in San Francisco. Dogsare rescued from pounds in the nearby cities, trained for several months, and thenmatched with hearing im paired peoplefrom allover the state.
Ralph Dennard is director of he program,and tells us that there is a very short waitinglist at present. So if you need some canine
help, you may be in luck. Dogs are trainedto alert their masters and mistresses to thesounds of telephones ringing, doorbelJs andknocks, timers, smoke-alarms, and anyother sound that you need to hear. Applicants art interviewed and, if accepted, arehoused in the City for a week's training withthe dogs. After "graduation", they take thedog home and are checked on occasionallyby Ralph and his trainers. (I'his is all free,too, except for a donation to cover the expenses that week -- about $100, J think.)
They do put on demonstrations forSHHH Chapters, mostly in the San Francisco Bay Area, but arrangements might bemade for other areas. We have seen them atseminars and conventions -- Ralph andBlackjack were at the SHHH Californiastate convention in Concord too.
Contact them at the SPCA in San Francisco, 2500 Six1eenth St., San Francisco,CA 94103, phone 415-554-3020 Voice,415-554-3022 TTY. TelJ them Lucy andMiss Fresno Dog sent you.
As we noted, all these programs arebased in the San Francisco Bay Area, butpossibly could be arranged in other parts ofthe state. Call and see. Southern Californiahas been remarkably shy in sharing anyinforn13tion about good programs, so we aregoing to hold off on any more columns atpresent.
Good luck with your chapters andgroups, and good progranillling! .... Lucy
12 SIllIH Californian
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Self Help for Hard of Hearing People, Inc., is an international, non-sectarian, educational,consumer organization ofhard of hearing people, their relatives and friends. It is devoted to thewelfare and interests of those who cannot hear well but are conunitted to participating in thehearing world.
~: w ..•.....•..............) Ii: The SHHH CalifoTlliaJl is published quar- Iie:: terly ill March, June, September and De- i::: cember. <:
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SlllIH-CaIifornia, Inc., is affiliated with and chartered by SlllIH National as astate-level organization Both are non-profit and tax-exempt.
All persons residing in California who are members in good standing of SlllIHNational are considered members of SlllIH-CaIifornia, with full voting privileges.
For information or assistance, contact one of the following elected SHHH-Califomia boardmembers:
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Don Senger, President, 2304 Platt Dr., Martinez, CA 94553 • (510) 228-7408 TTY
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Bill Cutler, Treasurer, 3590 Marshall Dr., Palo Alto, CA 94303 • (415)322-6583 TTY
Lucy Case, Secretary, 1537 East Ave., Napa, CA 94559 • (707)226-7784 TTY
Jim Montgomery, State Chapter Coord. - North, 1877 Landana Dr., Concord, CA 94519 • (510) 947-8803 VMail
Leo Maggio, State Chapter Coord. - South, 23410 Kittridge, West Hills, CA 91307 • (818) 340-1503 VrrTY
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SHHHSHHH California2304 Platt DriveMartinez, CA 94553
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Editor: Don Senger
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