1877 to 1918 - paulding.k12.ga.us · PDF filework together for their cause. ... • The effect was that small, ... made history as the first woman to sit in the US

1877 to 1918© 2014 Brain Wrinkles

SS8H7a

• After Reconstruction, Democrats known as

“Bourbons” rose to power in the South.

• Bourbons believed that the South should rely less

on agriculture and more on industry.

• In Georgia, three Bourbon leaders dominated the

state’s politics from 1872 to 1890: Joseph E. Brown,

John B. Gordon, and Alfred H. Colquitt.

© 2014 Brain Wrinkles

• The Bourbon Triumvirate supported policies that

replaced Georgia’s former large plantation-owning

class with a new middle and business class.

• They also expanded railroads and increased

industrialization, and gained wealth as railroads,

cities, and factories flourished in Georgia.

• They promoted “white supremacy” in order to keep

the political support of white racists.


• Joseph Brown was a secessionist who was

Georgia’s governor during the Civil War.

• He served four terms as the state’s governor

until he was named chief justice of the

Georgia Supreme Court.

• Brown eventually served Georgia as a US

Senator from 1880-1891.

• He became one of the state’s wealthiest

men.


• John B. Gordon was a Civil War

general who later became the leader

of the Ku Klux Klan in Georgia.

• He became a US Senator in 1872 and

resigned in 1880.

• In 1886, Gordon became Georgia’s

governor for two terms.

• He returned to the Senate for one

more term before leaving politics.


• Alfred H. Colquitt was educated at

Princeton University.

• He owned slaves before the Civil

War and served in the

Confederate army.

• Colquitt was a Methodist Minister

and often taught Sunday school in

black churches.

• Colquitt served as the state’s first

democratic governor after

Reconstruction from 1877 to 1882.© 2014 Brain Wrinkles

1. What was the goal of the Bourbon Triumvirate?

2. Which individuals benefitted from their goals?

We will now complete the Venn Diagram Activity WS

• Henry Grady was editor of the

Atlanta Constitution from 1880 to

1889, and used his newspaper to

promote what he labeled the “New

South”.

• Grady believed the South needed to

stop relying on farming and become

more like the North economically.

• He tried to get northern businesses

to invest in the South, and convinced

many northerners to invest in

Atlanta.


• In 1881, Henry Grady promoted Georgia’s first International Cotton Exposition,

an industrial fair that spotlighted attention on the state’s cotton textile industry.

• The exposition attracted 200,000 paid visitors and showed the country that

Georgia was ready for more industry.

• Georgia went on to host more expositions, attracting people from 33 states and

7 countries.

• 1881 Atlanta



Why was the International Cotton Expo So Important to Georgia?

• During the 1880s, most farmers were

suffering economically and falling

further and further into debt.

• Cotton prices had dropped

dramatically and labor was hard to

find after slaves were freed.

• Georgia lawyer Tom Watson criticized

Grady’s New South because he

claimed it hurt small farmers.

• In 1890, Watson won a seat in

Congress and argued for farmers’

issues in Washington.


• In 1891, the People’s Party (commonly known as Populist

Party) was organized by farmers and Tom Watson became

the party’s leader in Georgia.

• Watson’s greatest reform was the Rural Free Delivery Bill

which provided free mail delivery to rural farmers.

• Populists fought to help farmers and urged farmers to

work together for their cause.

• The Populists challenged the dominate Democratic Party

in Georgia by threatening to split the white vote and to

bring in black Republicans.© 2014 Brain Wrinkles



Rural Free

Delivery Service

• Many rural Georgians became to fear that they were being pushed out of the

political process.

• In response, the state adopted the county unit system in 1917 for its political

primaries.

• Under the unit system, the candidate that won the most unit votes won the election.

• The eight most populous counties received 6 votes, with each of the remaining

counties receiving less.

• Whoever won the most votes in the county, got all of the county’s unit votes.

• The effect was that small, rural counties ended up having more say over who won

than heavily populated counties.

• Even though most of the population lived in a handful of counties, the rest of the

counties had enough unit votes to determine the winner all by themselves.



• Many saw the county unit system as unfair because

it meant that certain candidates could win even if

the majority of the people in the state voted for

someone else.

• The system did not represent the population fairly

and in 1962, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against

the county unit system.


• Rebecca Latimer Felton was the

wife of progressive congressman

William H. Felton, who opposed

the Bourbon Democrats.

• Felton was active in politics and

was the South’s best-known

campaigner for women’s suffrage.

• Although Georgia disappointed

her by rejecting the 19th

Amendment, enough states

eventually ratified it and women

won their right to vote in 1920.© 2014 Brain Wrinkles

• Two years later, 87-year-old Felton served as one of

Georgia’s US Senators when the governor

appointed her to fill the seat of deceased Tom

Watson until a special election could be held.

• Although she served for only two days, Felton

made history as the first woman to sit in the US

Senate.


• The period from 1890 to 1930 was the bloodiest

period of racial violence in Georgia’s history.

• In September 1906, growing racial tensions

resulted in the three-day Atlanta Race Riot.

• A white mob started the riot, in part due to

unproven reports that black men had assaulted

several white women.



• Hoke Smith was running for governor and

contributed to the racial tension with his appeals to

white racism in an attempt to win votes.

• The mob attacked black-owned businesses and

killed several business owners.

• At least 12 people died during the violence.


• African-Americans were not the only targets of

ethnic violence during the early 1900s.

• Leo Frank was a Jewish factory superintendent in

Atlanta.

• In 1913, he was convicted of murdering Mary

Phagan, a 13-year-old female worker.

• The trial was filled with conflicting testimony and

unanswered questions.© 2014 Brain Wrinkles


Leo Frank Trial

• Frank was sentenced to life in prison, but two years

later, citizens from Mary’s hometown in Marietta

kidnapped him and hanged him from an oak tree.

• Decades later, new evidence revealed that the murder

was most likely committed by someone else.

• The state pardoned Frank 71 years after his lynching,

but the case symbolized Southerners’ strong anti-

Semitic feelings at the time.



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, a 1

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_________________________________________________ .

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state

_________________________________________________ a

fter h

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ch

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,

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t the

ca

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mb

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ou

the

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ng

an

ti-Se

mitic

fee

ling

s at th

e tim

e.

© 2

01

4 B

rain

Wrin

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s

Documents

1877 to 1918 - paulding.k12.ga.us · PDF filework together for their cause. ... • The effect was that small, ... made history as the first woman to sit in the US