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1861 East Tennessee Unionist Rebellion. Causes and Effects & The people who made it happen. Agenda. Migrations that formed Tennessee Political Conditions in Tennessee Military Situation Cloaks and Daggars Starts and Stumbles Execution Lessons Learned. Migrations. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1861 EAST TENNESSEE UNIONIST
REBELLIONCauses and Effects
&The people who made it happen
AGENDA
Migrations that formed Tennessee
Political Conditions in Tennessee
Military Situation
Cloaks and Daggars
Starts and Stumbles
Execution
Lessons Learned
MIGRATIONS
Settlement along with Watauga River 1770• James Robertson• John Sevier
Jurisdiction• Virginia• North Carolina• If not them, then who?
MIGRATIONS
Watauga Association Government• 13 Member Legislative Body• 5 of those appointed as Commissioners• 1 of those 5 elected by Commissioners as Chairman who
presided over the Courts.
Watauga Association 1772• “They were the first men of American Birth to establish a free
and independent community on the Continent” (Theodore Roosevelt Winning of the West, p183)
• “…the first written compact for civil government anywhere west of the Alleghanies." (JGM Ramsey, Annals of Tennessee p107)
MIGRATIONS
1779 Nashville is founded by James Robertson and other Wataugans.
1784 – 1788 State of Franklin
MIGRATIONS
June 1st 1796 Tennessee Statehood• Knoxville as Capital• Constitution seemingly a recitation of all previous
wrongs against the people of Watauga and protections against it.
• Thomas Jefferson, referring to Tennessee’s Constitution said, “"The most republican of all the constitutions adopted by the states.“
MIGRATIONS
Trade
Easier FarmingMore Room!
POLITICS
Political Influence
POLITICS
Nashville and Middle Tennessee – Explosive Growth.
• 1790 – 1830 Nashville grew 273%• 1817 Capital of Tennessee moves to Murfreesboro• 1826 Capital is moved again to Nashville
Knoxville and East Tennessee – Stagnant Growth• 1790 - 1830 Knox county grew only 20% after
suffering an 18% loss of population in 1810.• The removal of the Capital from Knoxville had to rub
the people of East Tennessee the wrong way.
POLITICS
Tension by the numbers• February 1861 Secession Convention vote fails by
roughly 9,000 votes• East Tennessee rejects the proposal 33,000 – 7,000
• Many counties rejecting by 80% or greater
Unionist Conventions• May 30th Convention in Knoxville
• Report made no friends with their opposition.• Adjourned to await the outcome of the June 8th vote on
Secession “subject to the call of the President”
POLITICS
Tennessee secedes from the Union June 8th, 1861
East Tennessee Unionist Convention President T.A.R. Nelson calls for a second meeting in Greeneville on June 17th.
• Unionists on the way to Greeneville attacked near Strawberry Plains by Louisiana Tigers as the passed on the tracks.
• Louisana Tigers ride into Greeneville during the convention and “committed some minor outrages”.
• Exciting time. Much lively debate, what time they were not dodging armed and angry Confederate soldiers.
POLITICS
Greeneville Convention Debate• Opening Remarks by John Netherland• T.A.R. Nelson’s Resolutions
• Supported by Rev. William Blount Carter and others• Oliver P Temple’s Resolutions
• Supported by Horace Maynard and others• Very heated debates but a final list of 6 Resolutions
were passed by acclamation.• There is some evidence to suggest that some of the
participants were just ready to go home.
MILITARY SITUATION
Late summer 1861 in the Western Theatre
Reverend William Blount Carter leaves Tennessee for Kentucky.
Kentucky• A few Union raw regiments still organizing• Home Guards defending counties, loyalties suspect• State Militia was forming under orders of Simon B Buckner
Tennessee• Confederate Troops travelling by rail to Virginia• Bridges guarded by Confederate troops• Union Regiments quietly gathering
MILITARY SITUATION
September of 1861 in the Western Theatre
Kentucky• September CSA General Polk takes Columbus Kentucky• September had several Infantry and Cavalry organizations in the
field.• Neighboring states began sending troops to Kentucky
Tennessee• CS General Zollicoffer moves into Kentucky• Cumberland Gap occupied by CS Col Churchwell(4th TN) and
Rains(11th TN)
Reverend Carter goes to Washington
CLOAKS & DAGGERS
Rev. William Blount Carter’s Plan
CLOAKS & DAGGERS
Rev. William Blount Carter’s Plan• President Lincoln agrees to the plan• Secretary of State Seward offers $2,500 for the cause• General McClellan will keep the Army of Northern
Virginia and Confederates in Middle Tennessee busy.
Return trip…• Stops at Camp Dick Robinson• Gen. Thomas convinces Gen. Sherman• Date is set for November 8th.• Takes Daniel Fry and William Pickens back with him.
CLOAKS & DAGGERS
Rev. William Blount Carter’s Lieutenants
Alfred Madison Cate
William Cross
William Pickens
David Fry
Daniel Stover
David Fry
William Pickens
William Cross
CLOAKS & DAGGERS
Colonel Daniel Stover, 4th Tennessee InfantryDaniel Stover
CLOAKS & DAGGERS
Captain David Fry, Co F, 2nd Tennessee Infantry
David Fry
CLOAKS & DAGGERS
Colonel William Cowan Pickens, 3rd Tennessee Infantry
William Pickens
CLOAKS & DAGGERS
William Cross
William Cross
CLOAKS & DAGGERS
Captain Alfred Madison Cate, Co G, 6th Tennessee Infantry
Alfred Madison Cate
STARTS AND STUMBLES
Reverend Carter had his men set.
October 16th 1861
October 21st 1861
October 28th 1861
Can’t unring the bell
STARTS AND STUMBLES
October 16th 1861 – Sherman meets with SecWar Cameron
McClellan100,000
100 Miles
Fremont60,000 Sherman
18,000100 Miles
300+ Miles
STARTS AND STUMBLES
October 21st 1861 – Battle at Camp Wildcat
Zollicoffer
Thomas
STARTS AND STUMBLES
October 28th 1861 – Battle at Camp Wildcat
Sherman
BucknerAS Johnston
CLOAKS & DAGGERSRev. William Blount Carter’s Plan already in trouble…
But the show must go on…
CLOAKS & DAGGERS
November 9th, 1861
David Fry
William Pickens
William Cross
EXECUTION
Colonel Daniel Stover, 4th Tennessee InfantryDaniel Stover- Daniel Stover
- B: 14 NOV 1826 Carter, Tennessee, USA - D: 18 DEC 1864 Nashville, Davidson, Tennessee,
USA- Married Mary Johnson
- B: 8 May 1832 Greeneville, Greene, Tennessee, USA
- D: 19 April 1883 Bluff City, Sullivan, Tennessee, USA
- Daughter of Senator Andrew Johnson
"Only one of these bridges, the one over the Holston, was destroyed. The other was guarded by Captain David McClelland's company of Confederate Infantry, and the attempt at its destruction was therefore abandoned.. There was a guard of two men at the Watauga Bridge. These were easily overpowered and captured. Their lives were spared on the promise that they would not reveal the names of the men who burned the bridge. Yet they went away and disclosed the names of all whom they recognized.“East Tennessee and the Civil War, OP Temple, p385
EXECUTION
Captain David Fry, Co F, 2nd Tennessee Infantry
David Fry
Captain David FryB: 1825 Tennessee, USAD: bef 1880
MarriedCatherine S Goreley
B: 1824 Tennessee, USA
Bridge successfully destroyed.Overall Success in doubt5 of the 8 men involved hanged by Confederate Authorities
Captain Fry mustered each
member of his party into Co F, 2nd East Tennessee the night before.
EXECUTION
Jacob and Henry Harmon
David Fry
Jacob HarmonB: 2 JUN 1818 Midway, Greene County, Tennessee, USAD: 17 DEC 1861 Knoxville, Knox County, Tennessee, USA
Married 3 November 1837 Greene, Tennessee, United States
Malinda SelfB: 26 Jan 1818 Midway, Greene,
Tennessee, USAD: 30 May 1872 Midway, Greene,
Tennessee, USA
Henry HarmonB: 3 Sept 1839 Midway, Greene, Tennessee, United StatesD: 17 Dec 1861 Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
Pottertown \ Harmon CemeteryGreeneville TennesseeFind A Grave Memorial# 9101540
EXECUTION
Jacob Madison Hinshaw & Henry Fry
David Fry
Jacob Madison HinshawB: 8 DEC 1840 Hawkins County, Tennessee, USAD: 30 NOV 1861 Greene County, Tennessee, USA
MarriedAlmarinda Walker
B: About 1839 Tennessee, USAD: 18 October 1913 Hawkins County, Tennessee, USA
Henry FryB: 7 DEC 1823 Greene County, Tennessee, USAD: 30 NOV 1861 Greeneville, Greene County, Tennessee, USA
Married 9 Nov 1843 Greene County TennesseeMaria Barbara Wampler B: 11 Nov 1824 Mosheim, Greene County
Tennessee D: 10 Jun 1899
Find A Grave# 73702193Blue Springs Cemetery, Mosheim, Greene
CountyTennessee
Jacob M HinshawPrivateCo F2nd Tennessee Infantry
Long CemeteryHawkins CountyTennessee
EXECUTION
Christopher Alexander Haun
David Fry
Christopher Alexander HaunB: 14 SEP 1821 Greene County, Tennessee, USAD: 11 Dec 1861 Knoxville, Knox County, Tennessee, USA
Married 29 Dec 1846 Greene, TennesseeElizabeth Cobble B: 1820 Greene, Tennessee, United
StatesD: 10 Mar 1909 Greene, Tennessee, United States
Concord Baptist Church Cemetery
436 Concord Road, Mohawk, TN 37810
EXECUTION
Harrison Self
David Fry
Harrison SelfB: 15 Jul 1813 Gap Creek Valley, Greene, Tennessee, United StatesD: 23 May 1888 Rush, Indiana, United States
MarriedSarah Camias Cobble
B: 28 Aug 1810 Tennessee, United StatesD: 1863 Blue Springs, Greene, Tennessee, United States
EXECUTION
Hugh Andrew Self
David Fry
Hugh Andrew SelfB: 9 Apr 1845 Blue Springs, Greene, Tennessee, United StatesD: 20 Oct 1910 McDonald County, Missouri, USA
Married 26 Aug 1875 Greene, TennesseeHappy M Ealy
B: Oct 1858 Greene, Tennessee, USAD: 27 Jan 1924 McDonald, Missouri, USA
Find A Grave Memorial# 49091515Owsley Union CemeteryLongview (McDonald County)McDonald CountyMissouri, USA
EXECUTION
Colonel William Cowan Pickens, 3rd Tennessee Infantry
William Pickens
Colonel William Cowan PickensB: 07 MAR 1825 Sevier County, Tennessee, USAD: 8 Apr 1872 Sevier, Tennessee, United States
Married 11 Feb 1847 Blount, Tennessee,USA Susan McCammon B: 1830 Lowes Ferry, Blount,
Tennessee, United States
D: 1886 Blount, Tennessee,
United States
Eusebia Cemetery, Eusebia, Sevier Co Tennesse
EXECUTION
Colonel Daniel Mack Ray, 2nd Tennessee Cavalry
William PickensColonel Daniel Mack RayB: 27 MAR 1833 Yancey County, NC, USAD: 1913 Woodson County, Kansas, USA
Married Louise A. Farris
B: Mar 1828 KentuckyD: 1900 Woodson County, Kansas
Yates CenterWoodson County
Kansas, USAPlot: Block 11 # 49
Find A Grave Memorial# 48364879
EXECUTION
Other members of the team
William Pickens
- James Montgomery (became Captain in the US Volunteers)
- Abe Smith- B.F. Franklin- White Underdown (became
Lieutenant in the US Volunteers)- William Montgomery (became
Captain in the US Volunteers)- Elijah Gamble (became Lieutenant in
the US Volunteers)- "a father and a son - the son objecting
to the mention of either his father's or his own name."
- All men from Sevier County
Private James KeelanB: 1828 VirginiaD: 12 Feb 1895 Bristol, Sullivan County, Tennessee, USA
Married 25 Oct 1846 Knox, Tennessee
Mary HoeperB: abt 1825 TennesseeD:
EXECUTION
William Cross
William Cross
There is little information on the fate or identity of the men involved in the effort to burn the bridge at Loudon. A certain William Cross is mentioned by Temple.
There is a William Cross associated with the 3rd Tennessee Infantry:
Soldier's Rank In:MajorSoldier's Rank Out:ColonelAlternate name:Film Number:M392 roll 4Src: NPS Soldiers and Sailors
The other leaders assigned to bridges eventually found their way to a similar rank in one of the early Tennessee Union organizations(Infantry and Cavalry) so Col. William Cross may well be the man.
Chances are the bridge was heavily guarded and the attempt was abandoned.
EXECUTION
Captain Alfred Madison Cate, Co G, 6th Tennessee Infantry
Alfred Madison Cate
Captain Alfred Madison CateB: 20 Dec 1822 McMinn County, Tennessee, USAD: 13 Sep 1871 Sweetwater, Monroe, Tennessee, USA
Married 7 Nov 1843 Monroe Tennessee USA
Louisa J WalkerB: 1824 Tennessee,
United StatesD: aft 1900
Buried in Wells Cemetery, Hamilton County, Tennessee
EXECUTION
Captain Alfred Madison Cate
• Adam Thomas• Jesse F Cleveland• Eli Cleveland• Thomas L Cate (Brother of A.M. Cate)
Hiwassee BridgeThomas L CatesB: 3 Jun 1833 Tennessee, USAD: 19 Mar 1907 Cleveland, Bradley, Tennessee, USA
Married 1860 Tennessee, United StatesMargaret Hall
B: 28 Dec 1842 Bradley County, Tennessee
D: 25 Jun 1918 Cleveland, Bradley, Tennessee
Fort Hill Cemetery ClevelandBradley CountyTennessee, USAPlot: 14, Plot 056Find A Grave Memorial# 39704185
EXECUTION
Captain Alfred Madison Cate
• W.T. Cate (Brother of A.M. Cate)• W.H. Crowder
Chattanooga BridgeWilliam T Cate
B: 13 Jan 1830 Tennessee, United StatesD: 14 Sep 1882 Tennessee, United States
Married Malissa J OvertonB: abt 1834 Tennessee, United
StatesD: 21 Jun 1864
SheriffWilliam T. Cate
Hamilton County Sheriff's Department, TennesseeEnd of Watch: Thursday, September 14, 1882
“Sheriff Cate and Deputy Sheriff John Conway were shot and killed when a prisoner they were transporting escaped.”
EXECUTION
Captain Alfred Madison Cate
• R.B. Rogan• James D. Keener
Bridgeport Alabama
LESSONS LEARNED
The East Tennessee Rebellion was an emotional response.
The resulting persecution had an enormous impact.
The Failure of Federal Army Commanders to send that Military Column provides one of the greatest “What ifs” of the Civil War.
THANK YOU!
Questions? Family Group Sheets, links to my Ancestry Trees, this presentation, and all images are available at my
blog: HTTP://WWW.WAYNEFIELDER.COM