1825-1850

9:1 Market Revolution

• 1. Samuel Morse

• 2. Specialization

• 3. Market Revolution

• 4. Capitalism- economic system in which private businesses/individuals control means of production (like factories, land, machines) to earn profits.

• 5. entrepreneurs

• 6. New Inventions:– Charles Goodyear 1839-– Elias Howe 1846-– Alex. Graham Bell-– Marconi-– John Deere-– Cyrus McCormick-

SUMMARY:

• Identify 2 inventions that enhanced people’s lives and explain how they fueled the country’s economic growth.

9:2 Manifest Destiny

• 1. Manifest Destiny- phrase that expressed Americans belief that the U.S.’ destiny was to expand to the Pacific Ocean & into Mexican Territory.

• This destiny was manifest (obvious).

2.Americans were moving west :

1.Personal economic problems

2.Abundance of land was greatest attraction for farming or speculation

3. Santa Fe Trail- busiest, well-known trade route 780 miles from Independence Missouri to Santa Fe,NM

• 4. Oregon Trail- Independence, MO to Portland, OR……Methodist missionaries set up mission schools to convert Native Am. & Educate them.– See Conestoga wagons & life/death on

Oregon trail p284

• Treaty of Fort Laramie

Black Hawk Illinois

Black Hawk War 1832 rebelled vs. U.S.- 200 slaughtered

• 5. Mormons-religious group founded by Joseph Smith. Moved West due to protest against practice of polygamy- having more than one wife. Smith murdered in jail.

• Brigham Young- led Mormons beyond US boundary to Salt Lake City, UT

• 6. “Fifty-four forty or fight” – James K. Polk slogan (1844) referred to 54’40

latitude line as northern limit of disputed OR. Terr.

James Knox Polk

SUMMARY:

• Summarize reasons American settlers moved west during mid-1800’s

• Describe the impact of westward expansion on Native Americans

9:3 Expansion in TX.

• Obj: Explain why Mexico encouraged settlement in TX

• 1. Stephen F. Austin

• 2. Land grants

• 3. Tensions grew when US settlers of cotton/sugar were bringing their slaves & MX had abolished slavery (1824)

• 4. G.T.T.

5. S.F. Austin met w/Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

6. Alamo-

7. Sam Houston-

The Fall of the Alamo" by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk depicts Davy Crockett in a charge at the Mexican troops who have breached the walls of the mission.

• Sam Houston b/c President of this

• Republic of TX

8. 1838 S.Houston invites US to ANNEX -(incorporate) TX republic into the U.S.

1844 TX becomes 28th state ……..Mexico is furious!....

Summary:

• Explain why Mexico encouraged settlement in TX territory

• How did TX end up gaining its independence?

9:4 WAR with MEXICO

• 1. John Slidell-

• 2. Gen. Zachary Taylor

• 3. Slave issue affected debate over war:

• NORTH-opposed war (seeing it as a way to extend slavery to TX.

• SOUTH-favored war for same reason

• 4. Pres. Polk provoked MX ?

• 5. Winfield Scott

• 6. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• Mexican Cession=

• 7. Gadsden Purchase

• 8. “forty-niners”

Summary

• Identify U.S. territories gained from Mexico

• Explain the impact of the discovery of gold in CA on the development of the West