1800-1914

Technology advances such as the reaper and plow led to an increase in the food supply and population.

There was a need for less workers in agriculture due to mechanization.

Definition: The shift from making goods by hand to making goods by machine.

I. England: stood as world’s industrial giant Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution No exporting of inventions 1807- Belgium – spinning and weaving

II. Germany, France, & United States: abundant resources: coal,oil, iron,& others U.S. -1st textile factory – Pawtucket, RI 1900’s – U.S. lead world in Industrial production

III. Impact: demand created jobs – cities railroads, and factories

1. LAND Place for factory or business

(agriculture=field)2. LABOR

Workers3. CAPITAL

Money-investments in the factory or business4. ENTREPRENEURS

People willing to invest and begin factory or business

I. Steel: Henry Bessemer – 1856 – British engineer

– purifying iron ore & making steel steel – lighter, stronger, more durable

II. Chemicals: medicines, perfumes, soap Alfred Nobel – 1866 – dynamite

(construction & warfare) Nobel Prize named after him

III. Electricity: late 1800’s – replaced steam as major source of industrial power Ben Franklin – American – electricity

century earlier Alessandro Volta – Italian – 1st battery Michael Faraday – English – electric

motor & dynamo Thomas Edison – American 1870’s – 1st

electric light bulb 1890’s – cables carried electricity from

dynamos to factories

IV. Production: Interchangeable parts – identical

components Simplified assembly and repair Assembly line – early 1900’s produced

faster and cheaper

Textile United States-Demand for cotton rose so

the need for more slaves rose=Civil WarMiningFarmingEtc…

City Size Huge population boom Middle to Lower class Inadequate housing, poor living

conditions Pollution

▪ Air▪ Water

Living conditions in Cities No sanitation/building controls Lack of housing Education Police protection Lack of running water Heaps of garbage

1. Created jobs2. Wealth of nations3. Technological progress & inventions4. Increased production of goods

Part 1

I. Automobile Age: Nikolaus Otto: German engineer – gas

powered combustion engine Karl Benz: 1886 – German – patent for 1st

automobile (3 wheels) Gottlieb Daimler: German – 1st 4 wheeled

automobile Henry Ford: America – early 1900’s –

model went 25 mph – assembly line – U.S. leader in automobile industry

II. Air Travel: Orville and Wilbur Wright: 1903 – Kitty

Hawk, NC 1920’s – commercial flight began

III. Communication: Samuel B. Morse: American – 1844 – 1st

telegraph line:Baltimore to Washington,DC Alexander Graham Bell: Scottish born

American – 1876 – invented & patented the telephone

Guglielmo Marconi: Italian – 1890’s - radio

I. Big Business: late 1800’s – dominated industry started to form corporations

II. Monopolies: powerful leaders controlled whole industry Alfred Krupp: Germany – steelmaking –

controlled coal & iron mines and the shipping John D. Rockefeller: America – Standard Oil –

owned oil wells, refineries, & pipelines cartels formed: fixed prices,quotas, &

controlled markets

I. Disease: germ theory Louis Pasteur – French – 1870 – vaccine

against rabies & anthrax pasteurization: killing disease microbes

in milk Robert Koch: German 1880’s –

determined bacteria caused tuberculosis (hygiene)

Hospital: Florence Nightingale: British – 1854 –

better hygiene in field hospitals – 1st school of nursing

Joseph Lister: antiseptics prevented infections – surgeons wash hands and sterilize instruments

Georges Haussman: 1850’s – Paris destroyed the tenement housing and

built boulevards and public buildings paved streets, police & fire protection

Eiffel Tower: Paris 1900Louis Sullivan – American -

skyscraper