18 & 19th Centuries

The Industrial Revolution

The British Empire’s economy had expanded across the Atlantic and around the world

Great Britain itself was blessed with favorable natural resources Coal Iron Waterways

Why It Began in Great britain?

Jethro Tull, 1674-1741First modern farmer Invented the seed drill

Agricultural revolution1700-1800

Seed Drill

EnclosuresCrop Rotation System Improvement became the goal

Agricultural revolution

Led to:More efficient food

productionCheaper foodMore disposable incomeLess workers needed in

rural areas

Agricultural revolution

Constitutional MonarchyRelatively stableEconomic growth

Political Conditions

No internal tariffsPatent Law encouraged

inventions

Legal conditions

Effective central bank (1694)Well-developed credit

marketsPlenty of capitol

Financial conditions

Cotton is king! 1760’s James Hargreaves

invents the Spinning Jenny 1760’s Richard Arkwright

invents the Water Frame 1779 Samuel Compton

invents the Spinning Mule

Technological advances

1770’s : Arkwright also developed the Factory System One roof Central power source Division of labor

Technological advances

Steam Power: 1698: Thomas Savery

invented a steam engine 1712: Thomas Newcomen

invented a steam engine 1765: James Watt greatly

improved Newcomen’s engine 1820’s: Railroads: George

Stephenson’s Rocket

Technological advances

Major turning point in human history Led to sustained income and population growthLed to many socioeconomic changesWas responsible for the development of factories and

consequently, urbanization.Led to the rise of the middle classKnowledge and ideas spread from nation to nationLed to an increase in the living standards

Industrial revolution effects