17-1: Biodiversity

What’s biodiversity?

Variety of species ~1.5 million species named & identified

so far~2-100 million yet to discover

Do we want lots or a little? Why? Macroevolution, Campbell CD Activity 14C

D K P C O F G S

Taxonomy: a hierarchy

SPECIESSPECIESSPECIESSPECIESSPECIESSPECIES

BIGGER

BIGGER

SPECIES

More Vocab!More Vocab!

What’s Taxonomy?

Pangolin’s more related to...Crocodile?Dog?Anteater?

Scientific NamesScientific Names used world-wideused world-wide based on Greek/Latinbased on Greek/Latin

Why do we need scientific names?Why do we need scientific names? Who’s this?? Who’s this??

Scientific NamesScientific Names Mt. Lion, puma, cougar, Mt. Lion, puma, cougar,

panther…yes to all—panther…yes to all—

Lots of common names Lots of common names (confusing)(confusing)

Only ONE scientific name: Only ONE scientific name:

FelisFelis concolorconcolor

Scientific NamesScientific Names

Scientific name for humans?Scientific name for humans? HomoHomo sapienssapiens

Dogs? Dogs? CanisCanis familiarisfamiliaris

Cats? Cats? FelisFelis catuscatus

Binomial NomenclatureBinomial NomenclatureCarolus Linnaeus Carolus Linnaeus

Swedish botanist, 18Swedish botanist, 18thth century century

Developed 2-word naming Developed 2-word naming systemsystem

RULES: RULES:

1. 1. ALWAYSALWAYS underline or italicize underline or italicize

2.2. capitalize 1capitalize 1stst word (GENUS), word (GENUS), nevernever the 2 the 2nd nd (SPECIES) (SPECIES)

huntbot.andrew.cmu.edu

More More Examples: Examples: 3 Bears 3 Bears

1-Ursus1-Ursus arctosarctos

grizzly beargrizzly bear

2-Ursus2-Ursus maritimusmaritimus

polar bearpolar bear

3-Ailuropoda3-Ailuropoda melanoleucamelanoleuca

panda bearpanda bear

www.esew.org, www.raydoan.com

Which two are most Which two are most closely related?closely related?

SAME SAME GENUS!!!GENUS!!!

Classification SystemClassification SystemKingsKings

PlayPlay

ChessChess

OnOn

FineFine

GoldGold

SilkSilk

KingdomKingdom

PhylumPhylum

ClassClass

OrderOrder

FamilyFamily

GenusGenus

speciesspecies

AnimaliaAnimalia

ChordataChordata

MammaliMammaliaa

CarnivorCarnivoraa

UrsidaeUrsidae

UrsusUrsus

arctosarctos

AnimaliaAnimalia

ChordataChordata

MammaliMammaliaa

CarnivorCarnivoraa

UrsidaeUrsidae

UrsusUrsus

maritimumaritimuss

AnimaliaAnimalia

ChordatChordataa

MammalMammaliaia

CarnivorCarnivoraa

UrsidaeUrsidaeAiluropodaAiluropoda

melanoleucmelanoleucaa

What about us???What about us???

KingdomKingdom

PhylumPhylum

ClassClass

OrderOrder

FamilyFamily

GenusGenus

speciesspecies

AnimaliaAnimalia

ChordataChordata

MammaliMammaliaa

PrimatesPrimates

HominidHominidaeae

HomoHomo

sapienssapiens

p. 339 #4,5,8

17-2 Systematics17-2 Systematics

What’s Systematics??

Who does it?

Related to “phylogeny”...

Phylogenetic Systematists

SEVERAL types of evidence:

Phylogenetic Trees

StructuresHomologous

Analogous

Phylogenetic Trees

Relationships, cladisticsShared

Derived

Using Molecular Data

Amino acids! Chromosomes!

Say What?

Lots of info Physical features, embryos, genes,

mtDNA, rRNA, amino acids More research, revise

Try it!—We’ll use physical characteristics:

Mammals

Birds Amphibians Reptiles Fishes

Backbone X X X X X

Egg can be laid in air X X X

Hair, warm blood X

2 arms, 2 legs X X X X

2 holes in skull behind eye

X X

Feathers, warm blood X

Double eyelid X

HW Check--p. 345 #1,3,4,8 & Friday’s

Please list the EIGHT levels of taxonomy, in order, and what’s

all of that for humans?!?!?!

17-3: Classification

Campbell cd Activity 15C!!

What are the 6 Kingdoms?1. Archaebacteria2. Eubacteria3. Protista4. Fungi5. Plantae6. Animalia

What are DOMAINS????

BIGGER than

kingdoms!

Tree of Life

http://www.sciencemag.org/feature/data/tol/

p.350 # 1-3,6,8

Let’s Review…