Design of Power SubstationDesign of Power Substation

ContentsContents IntroductionIntroduction What is substation?What is substation? Important pointsImportant points Classification of substationClassification of substation Substation equipmentsSubstation equipments Substation auxiliarySubstation auxiliary DesigningDesigning ConclusionConclusion

IntroductionIntroduction Substation serve as sources of Substation serve as sources of

quality energy supply for the quality energy supply for the local area of distribution in local area of distribution in which these are located.which these are located.

Their main functions are to Their main functions are to receive energy transmitted at receive energy transmitted at high voltage from the high voltage from the generating station, reduce the generating station, reduce the voltage to a value appropriate voltage to a value appropriate for local distribution and for local distribution and provide facilities for switching.provide facilities for switching.

What is Substation ?The assembly of apparatus

used to change some characteristics (e.g. voltage, a.c. to d.c. ,freq, p.f. etc..)of electrical supply is called a substation.

Important PointsImportant Points

It should be located at a proper site(i.e. at the It should be located at a proper site(i.e. at the center of gravity of load).center of gravity of load).

It should provide safe and reliable It should provide safe and reliable arrangement.arrangement.

It should be easily operated and maintained.It should be easily operated and maintained. It should involve minimum capital costs.It should involve minimum capital costs.

Classification of Classification of SubstationSubstation

Substation

According to service requirement According to constructional feature

According to Service According to Service requirementrequirement

Transformer SubstationTransformer Substation: Transformer are installed to : Transformer are installed to transform power from one level to another as per needs.transform power from one level to another as per needs.

Switching SubstationsSwitching Substations: This substation meants for switching : This substation meants for switching operation of powerlines with out transforming the voltage.operation of powerlines with out transforming the voltage.

Power factor correction SubstationPower factor correction Substation: This substation installed : This substation installed to increase the power factor to minimise losses.to increase the power factor to minimise losses.

Frequency Changer SubstationFrequency Changer Substation: This substation installed : This substation installed where speed controlled of motor required.where speed controlled of motor required.

Converting SubstationConverting Substation: This substation convert a.c to d.c or : This substation convert a.c to d.c or vice versa.vice versa.

Industrial SubstationIndustrial Substation: This substation installed for supply : This substation installed for supply power only to industry.power only to industry.

According To Constructional According To Constructional Features Features

Indoor SubstationIndoor Substation:In this substation the apparatus are installed with in :In this substation the apparatus are installed with in the substation building.This substation employed For voltage upto the substation building.This substation employed For voltage upto 11k.v.11k.v.

Outdoor SubstationOutdoor Substation:This subststion are installed in open land.This :This subststion are installed in open land.This substation employed For voltage beyond 66k.v.substation employed For voltage beyond 66k.v.

Underground SubstationUnderground Substation:This:This substation are installed under the substation are installed under the ground in thicky populated city where cost of the land is more.ground in thicky populated city where cost of the land is more.

Pole-Mounted SubstationPole-Mounted Substation:This substation are erect for distribution of :This substation are erect for distribution of power in localities.This is employed for the transformer upto 250 power in localities.This is employed for the transformer upto 250 kva.).kva.).

Foundation Mounted Substation Foundation Mounted Substation :This substation are installed for :This substation are installed for transformer which are too heavy.(rating beyond 250Kva). transformer which are too heavy.(rating beyond 250Kva).

Substation equipmentsSubstation equipments Bus barBus bar:It is the conductor connecting power line to substation :It is the conductor connecting power line to substation

equipments.equipments. Insulators & fittingsInsulators & fittings:Insulator fix and isolate the bus bar :Insulator fix and isolate the bus bar

system.system. Isolating SwitchIsolating Switch:This is used for disconnecting equipment for :This is used for disconnecting equipment for

maintance and repair.maintance and repair. Relays & Circuit BreakerRelays & Circuit Breaker:CB open and close a circuit under :CB open and close a circuit under

normal and fault condition.normal and fault condition. Power TransformersPower Transformers:These are used in substation to step up or :These are used in substation to step up or

step down the voltage.step down the voltage. Instrument TransformerInstrument Transformer:used for measuring .:used for measuring . Metering & Indicating InstrumentMetering & Indicating Instrument:used to watch over the :used to watch over the

circuit quantities.circuit quantities. Power line carrier communication systemsPower line carrier communication systems Coupling capacitors and wave trapsCoupling capacitors and wave traps

Basic Equipments In A Basic Equipments In A SubstationSubstation

Substation AuxiliarySubstation Auxiliary AC/DC supplyAC/DC supply:AC supply is used for substation auxillaries :AC supply is used for substation auxillaries

and DC supply for relay operation.and DC supply for relay operation. Oil handling systemOil handling system: It used for purifying oil from moisture.: It used for purifying oil from moisture. IlluminationIllumination: Substation should be properly illuminated for : Substation should be properly illuminated for

safety.safety. Compressed air systemCompressed air system: This system required for functioning : This system required for functioning

of CB.of CB. Service bayService bay: These are required to carry the equipments to : These are required to carry the equipments to

installation side.installation side. Fire extinguishersFire extinguishers

Lightning/Surge Lightning/Surge ArrestersArresters

Isolating SwitchIsolating Switch

1.1. Use three types of crystalsUse three types of crystals Two lockingTwo locking One motive connected to statorOne motive connected to stator

2.2. Locking mechanismLocking mechanism Normally locked: Spindle will Normally locked: Spindle will

not move if no power appliednot move if no power applied Normally free: Spindle moves Normally free: Spindle moves

under external forceunder external force

Circuit Breaker

Power Power TransformerTransformer

Instrument Instrument TransformerTransformer

Control RoomControl Room

Bus-Bar Bus-Bar ArrangementArrangement

Piezoelectric motorsPiezoelectric motors Piezo GeneratorsPiezo Generators ActuatorsActuators Ultrasonic TransducersUltrasonic Transducers And many more…And many more…

DesigningDesigning Site selection.Site selection. Design of structures.Design of structures. Design of foundation for Design of foundation for

transformers & structures(IE transformers & structures(IE Rules 64).Rules 64).

Control room building plant.Control room building plant. Cable trench & drainage.Cable trench & drainage. Design of earthing.Design of earthing. Protection schemes & interlocks.Protection schemes & interlocks.

Design of 11kv/400v Design of 11kv/400v indoor sub-stationindoor sub-station

Design of pole-mounted sub-station Converts an

electrical signal into precisely controlled physical displacement.

Critical specifications include displacement, force, operating voltage, stiffness, and resonant frequency

ConclusionConclusion Substation is the heart of electric Substation is the heart of electric

power system. So the design power system. So the design should be such that it will should be such that it will provide continuous , quality & provide continuous , quality & desired power with safety.desired power with safety.

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