15 Reducing health risks Dix - Best Friends Animal Society

Reducing Health Risks for Fostered and Rescued Pets – Dr. Michael Dix

Best Friends National Conference October 23–26, 2014 1

Dr.$Michael$Dix$Medical$Director$Best$Friends$Animal$Society$$

Disease$Preven:on$for$Rescued$and$Fostered$Pets$



Objec:ves$

•  Learn$how$to$minimize$disease$spread$from$before$animals$are$brought$in$un:l$they$leave$

•  How$to$disinfect$•  How$to$recognize$infec:ous$diseases$•  How$to$manage$and$prevent$infec:ous$disease$spread$

Not$objec:ves$

•  You$will$not$be$vets$at$the$end$of$this$session$•  You$will$not$be$able$to$easily$diagnose$infec:ous$diseases$

•  You$will$not$be$able$to$treat$and$cure$all$infec:ous$diseases$$

•  You$will$not$avoid$ever$having$another$sick$animal$come$into$your$rescue$group,$your$shelter$or$your$home$



Taking$the$first$step$

What$is$your$capacity$for$care?$– Do$you$know$what$you$are$doing?$– What$support$do$you$have?$– Finances?$– What$space$limita:ons$do$you$have?$– Burnout$– Start$small$and$simple$

Things$to$consider$

•  What$types$of$animals$are$you$fostering$or$rescuing?$Age?$Numbers?$

•  Neighbors$and$city$ordinances?$•  Your$pets?$•  Your$family?$



Infec:ous$disease$basics$

$Infec:ous$disease$basics$

How$is$disease$spread?$1.  Contact$$$2.  Oral$3.  Fomite$4.  Aerosolized$5.  Vector$

www.:ckinfo.com$



Infec:ous$disease$basics$

Infec:ous$Disease$

Host$

Environment$Pathogen$

$Infec:ous$disease$basics$

•  Biological$risk$management$(BRM)$•  Need$to$ascertain$risks$to$minimize$bringing$a$disease$into$the$shelter$and$to$minimize$spread$



Environment$•  Most$important$aspect$to$prevent$disease$spread$

www.weitz.com$

www.2040cars.com$

Environment$

•  Cleaning$versus$sanita:on$•  How$to$sani:ze$

– Remove$ALL$organic$debris$– Clean$with$detergent/degreaser$– Sani:ze$with$an$appropriate$disinfectant$$(more$on$this$later)$$$

– Must$have$appropriate$contact$:me$(5\10$minutes,$depending$on$pathogen$and$cleaner$used)$



Environment$

•  Home$foster$

Environment$

Galleryhip.com$Xaxor.com$



Environment$

•  Proximity$to$infec:ous$animals$

Bdaarc.com$

www.placerherald.com$

Environment$

•  Sanita:on:$food,$water$and$housing$

Aldf.org$

www.dailymail.co.uk$



Environment$

Carriers$

Vehicles$www.andersonfreepress.net$www.eurocosm.com$

www.hellotrade.com$ More\distrac:ble.org$

Environment$

www.emeraldlawnsaus:n.com$

www.modernhippiemag.com$



Environment$

•  Fomites$

Environment$



Environment$

4029weather.wordpress.com$

www.fly.com$

Ques:ons?$



Host$•  The$animals$

Slick/Wikimedia$Commons$

Zirngibl/Wikimedia$Commons$

Host$$

•  Age$$

•  Lifestyle$$(outdoor$vs.$indoor)$

Worak/Wikimedia$Commons$

CalistaZ/Wikimedia$commons$



Host$•  Posi:on$near$other$sick$animals:$$flow$of$disease$

Host$

•  History$–$Previous$illness$(+$and$\)$–$Retroviral$status$(FeLV/FIV)$–$Vaccines$–$Breed$



Host$

•  Stress$

Arantz/$Wikimedia$Commons$

Host$•  Crowding$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$Increased$density$leads$to$$$increased$stress$+$increased$pathogen$concentra:on$+$increased$dirt$=$increase$in$disease$



Host$

•  Signs$of$contagious$diseases:$–  Coughing/sneezing$–  Vomi:ng$–  Loss$of$appe:te$– Nasal$or$ocular$discharge$–  Crusty$or$scabby$skin$lesions$–  Fever$or$low$body$temperature$–  Lethargy$– Dehydra:on$– Dental/oral$disease$

Ques:ons$



Pathogen$

•  Ogen$thought$of$as$most$important,$but$could$be$argued$to$be$the$least$important$

•  We$have$least$amount$of$control$over$this$•  But$we$have$great$control$over$whether$or$not$it$spreads$and$persists$

•  Includes$bacteria,$viruses,$fungus,$parasites$•  Beware$of$pre\clinical$shedding$

Pathogen$

Case$study:$3\month\old$unvaccinated$corgi$mix$•  Vomi:ng$•  Fever:$104.5$F$•  Bloody$diarrhea$•  Listless$•  Tacky$mucous$membranes$•  Pale$gums$•  Elevated$heart$rate$



Pathogen:$Parvovirus$•  Treat$as$if$has$parvo.$Feline$panleukopenia$(aka$feline$distemper)$presents$

in$a$similar$manner$with$cats.$•  There$are$other$condi:ons$that$can$cause$these$symptoms:$other$

intes:nal$viruses,$parasi:c$or$bacterial$infec:ons;$intussuscep:on;$dietary$indiscre:on.$Viral$infec:on$should$be$highest$on$the$list.$Be$prepared$for$the$worst:$Have$parvo$tests$available$and$isolate!$$

•  Needs$immediate$veterinary$care$—$fluids,$IV$an:bio:cs,$$an:\eme:cs$—$and$usually$hospitaliza:on.$Preven:on$is$a$LOT$cheaper.$

•  If$caught$early$and/or$not$severe,$you$can$treat$“at$home”$with$a$veterinarian’s$guidance,$but$it$will$be$messy.$

•  Isola:on$protocol:$separate$clothes,$medical$gloves$and$boo:es.$$Intense$sanita:on.$

Pathogen:$Parvo$•  Very$contagious$and$lives$for$a$long$:me$in$the$environment$(6\12$

months),$so$direct$contact$is$not$necessary$for$transmission.$$Environment$is$ogen$the$culprit.$

•  Very$resistant$to$common$disinfectants.$Suscep:ble$to$1:32$dilu:on$of$bleach$with$10\minute$contact$:me$or$Accel$and$Trifectant.$

•  Short$shedding$period$typically$a$couple$of$weeks.$•  Incuba:on$period$is$a$few$days$up$to$two$weeks.$$•  Must$use$intense$isola:on$and$cleaning$protocols.$Remember,$get$rid$of$

organic$debris$with$detergent,$then$use$disinfectant!$•  Fomites:$Think$outside$the$box$—$pens,$flies,$paper$towels,$soap$

dispensers,$detergent$and$disinfectant$containers.$$•  Biggest$reason$not$to$let$puppies$or$kioens$on$grass$un:l$quaran:ned$for$

two$weeks.$



Pathogen$

Case$study:$One\year\old$male$cat$from$$a$feral$colony$•  Severe$nasal$discharge$•  Erosive$lesions$on$nose$•  Fever:$103.5$F$•  Decreased$appe:te$•  Not$ea:ng$•  Dehydrated$

Pathogen:$Feline$URI$•  Severe$upper$respiratory$infec:on$(URI):$Isolate$if$possible!$•  Feline$herpesvirus$(feline$viral$rhinotrachei:s),$calicivirus,$

chlamydia,$mycoplasma,$bordetella.$•  Not$usually$worth$gerng$a$defini:ve$diagnosis$unless$dealing$with$

a$disease$outbreak.$•  Calicivirus$ogen$results$in$tongue/oral$ulcers$and$can$involve$sore$

joints.$•  Can$also$be$an$auto\immune$condi:on$or$exposure$to$a$caus:c$

substance$(such$as$Chlorhex).$•  Can$progress$to$pneumonia:$Mycoplasma$and$bordetella$may$

complicate$maoers.$•  Treatment:$suppor:ve,$fluids,$$+/\$an:bio:cs,$nebuliza:on,$pain$

medica:on,$nutri:on$(syringe$or$tube$feedings).$



Pathogen:$Feline$URI$•  Very$contagious$but$most$are$fragile$in$the$environment$(hours$$

to$a$couple$days)$and$easily$killed$by$rou:ne$disinfectants,$so$$close$or$direct$contact$with$fomites$or$another$cat$necessary$for$transmission.$

•  Calicivirus$is$the$excep:on:$Difficult$to$kill,$survives$over$30$days$in$the$environment$and$requires$10\minute$contact$:me$with$bleach$or$5$minutes$with$4$oz./gallon$Accel.$

•  Most$cats$develop$signs$about$a$week$ager$a$“stressful$event”$so$isolate$all$new$cats$for$two$weeks$prior$to$group$housing.$

•  Most$cats$shed$for$about$two$weeks$ager$their$illness.$•  Herpes$—$a$lifelong$infec:on$—$has$dormancy$(no$shedding,$not$

infec:ve)$but$can$become$ac:ve$(shedding)$with$stress.$•  Calici:$~$10%$remain$infected$for$life$and$more$or$less$always$shed.$

Pathogen$

Case$study:$Eight\month\old$female$dog$• Was$at$the$city$shelter$for$3$days$and$has$been$in$our$care$for$1$week$

•  Dry,$hacking$cough$for$2$days$•  Some$clear$to$mucousy$$$$nasal$discharge$•  Slight$fever:$103$F$•  Ea:ng$and$drinking$fine$•  Slightly$lethargic$and$is$gerng$$$$$a$liole$worse$

Doggies.com$



Pathogen:$CIRD$

•  Surprise!$This$dog$has$distemper.$Need$to$isolate$coughing$dogs!$

•  Distemper$can$result$in$neurologic$signs$and$seizures.$•  Distemper$needs$to$be$treated$symptoma:cally:$There$

is$no$cure.$•  CIRD$(canine$infec:ous$respiratory$disease)$or$CKCC$

(canine$kennel$cough$complex).$•  Can$run$respiratory$panel.$•  Could$be$irrita:on$from$the$environment.$

$$

Pathogen:$CIRD$

Canine$infec:ous$respiratory$disease$complex$bordetella,$parainfluenza,$influenza,$distemper,$adeno$and$corona$respiratory$virus,$mycoplasma,$herpes,$pneumovirus,$Streptococcus$zooepidemicus$

•  Highly$contagious,$but$most$don’t$live$long$in$the$environment$(1\2$weeks)$and$are$suscep:ble$to$most$common$disinfectants.$$Direct$contact$with$sick$dogs,$secre:ons$and$fomites$spread$disease.$

•  Incuba:on$period$of$a$few$days:$ini:al$sign$usually$coughing.$

•  Viral$shedding$lasts$1\2$weeks;$distemper$2\3$months$(usually$less$though).$

•  Bordetella$and$mycoplasma$are$excep:ons$and$can$survive$for$months$in$the$environment$and$also$be$shed$for$weeks$to$months.$

•  They$like$to$play$together$and$most$disease$results$from$a$combina:on$of$pathogens.$

•  Severity$ranges$from$mild$to$severe$and$can$develop$into$pneumonia,$especially$in$puppies.$



Pathogen$

$Case$study:$Four\year\old$male$neutered$Persian$mix$•  Dry,$crusty,$scabby$lesions$•  Mildly$itchy$•  No$fever$•  Good$appe:te$•  Caregivers$itch$ager$$handling$the$cat$

Pathogen:$Ringworm$

•  Looks$like$ringworm,$treat$like$ringworm,$un:l$you$know$it$is$not.$Remember$zoono:c$fungal$disease!$

•  Wood’s$lamp$(only$about$50%$fluoresce;$false$posi:ves).$

•  Direct$exam$of$hair:$special$solu:ons,$exper:se.$•  DTM:$Culture$is$best.$•  Treatment:$Animal$and$the$environment.$•  Could$also$be$sporothrix$(other$fungus),$mites,$autoimmune$disease,$related$to$diet,$bacterial,$related$to$other$systemic$disease.$



Pathogen:$Ringworm$•  Highly$contagious$and$spores$last$a$long$:me$in$the$environment.$•  Incuba:on$period:$1\3$weeks.$$•  Diagnose$via$DTM:$pluck$vs.$toothbrush.$•  Ideal$protocol:$Three$separate$holding$facili:es$—$obvious$lesions,$

no$lesions,$and$those$treated$and$recovered.$•  Ideal$treatment$animals:$clip?;$lime$sulfur$dips$2$:mes$weekly;$oral$

an:fungals.$•  Ideal$treatment$for$environment:$mechanical$cleaning;$detergent;$

disinfectant$–$bleach$1:10$dilu:on,$lime$sulfur,$enilconazole,$Accel$at$8$oz./gallon.$$CONTACT$TIME$

•  Be$careful$of$labels:$“An:fungal”$means$kills$fungus$NOT$spores,$which$are$the$infec:ve$state$of$the$fungus$in$the$environment.$Are$we$making$it$worse?$

Ques:ons?$



Pathogen:$FeLV$•  Requires$close$direct$contact$for$transmission.$Very$fragile$in$the$

environment$and$is$killed$easily$by$most$common$disinfectants.$•  Snap$test:$Easy$to$do;$quick$reliable$results.$•  Check$posi:ve$results$with$IFA$or$PCR.$Repeat$tests$in$1\3$months.$•  Most$cats$who$become$infected$either$eliminate$the$virus$or$isolate$it$in$

their$bone$marrow$(snap$test$nega:ve).$These$cats$do$not$shed$and$are$typically$healthy.$$

•  Discordant$cats$(snap$posi:ve$/$IFA$nega:ve)$can$shed$virus$but$are$typically$healthy$and$may$lead$long$lives.$

•  Persistently$infected$cats$will$always$shed$virus$and$are$sick.$Kioens$especially$do$not$live$a$long$:me.$

•  No$specific$treatment,$but$keep$quaran:ned$and$provide$low\stress$environment.$

•  Vaccina:on$is$available$and$good$idea$for$outdoor$or$other$high\risk$cats.$

Pathogen:$FIV$•  Requires$direct$contact$for$transmission,$usually$through$bite$wounds.$•  Is$fragile$in$the$environment$and$is$easily$killed$by$common$disinfectants.$$$•  Snap$test$is$not$as$reliable$as$FeLV.$Cross\reacts$with$maternal$an:bodies$

for$up$to$6$months$of$age$and$also$cross\reacts$with$vaccina:on$for$many$years.$$$–  Cannot$interpret$results$in$a$cat$under$6$months$of$age.$

•  Currently,$there$is$no$good$way$to$differen:ate$between$a$vaccinated$cat$and$a$truly$infected$cats:$Western$blot$and$even$PCR$are$not$reliable.$

•  Vaccina:on$is$not$recommended:$not$good$coverage$and$confounds$diagnosis.$

•  Most$cats$can$live$long$lives$but$are$more$prone$to$infec:ons$and$oral$disease.$

•  Quaran:ne$$is$ideal$but$there$may$be$excep:ons$with$low$risk.$$



Other$pathogens$

Coronavirus:$ubiquitous$•  Puppies:$Causes$diarrhea$—$usually$self\limi:ng$and$mild;$$vaccine$may$be$useful$in$puppies,$but$rarely$so.$

•  Cats:$Can$mutate$to$FIP$—$difficult$to$keep$out$of$the$popula:on.$

Intes:nal$parasites$$Diarrhea,$vomi:ng,$anorexia,$failure$to$thrive,$weight$loss$or$lack$of$gain,$dehydra:on/debilita:on/death$(puppies).$•  Geographic$distribu:on $Tapeworms$•  Roundworms $ $ $ $Coccidia$•  Hookworms$ $ $ $$$$$$$$Whipworms$$$

Other$pathogens$

Toxoplasmosis:$protozoal$parasite$•  Fever$•  Diarrhea$•  Neurologic$disease$•  Zoono:c:$fecal$transmission$•  Infec:ve$component$can$live$a$long$:me$in$the$environment$

•  Fresh$poop$is$not$infec:ve;$takes$1\5$days$for$feces$to$become$infec:ve$so$scoop$pans$daily!$

•  Scalding$water$for$lioer$pans;$steam$cleaning$



Other$pathogens$

Leptospirosis:$spirochete$bacteria$•  Spread$via$urine$or$urine\contaminated$water,$ogen$

from$wildlife$and$livestock$•  Wet$environments$most$common$•  Causes$kidney$and$liver$disease$•  Ogen$fatal$•  Zoono:c$$•  Vaccine$available$•  Endemic$areas$of$the$country$

Other$pathogens$Vector$diseases:$Not$directly$transmioed$between$animals,$but$vector$can$move$from$one$animal$to$another$

• Mosquitoes:$Heartworm$•  Ticks:$$Lyme$disease,$Rocky$Mountain$spooed$fever,$Ehrlichia,$Anaplasma,$Cytauxzoonosis$

•  Fleas:$Mycoplasma$hemofelis$(hemobartonella)$

www.michigan.gov$



Other$pathogens:$Vectors$

• Need$to$control$vectors:$Advantage,$Frontline,$Revolu:on,$Promeris,$etc.$Not$cheap,$but$cheaper$than$treatment!$

• Need$heartworm$preventa:ve$in$most$places$in$U.S.$

• Work$with$vet$as$to$what$needs$exist$in$your$area$• Rou:nely$check$animals$for$parasites$

Zoono:c$diseases$

•  Diseases$that$are$transmissible$to$people$from$animals$

•  Liability$•  Public$health$•  Staff$safety/sa:sfac:on$•  Affects$adop:ons$•  Reputa:on$



Zoono:c$diseases$

•  Contact$(can$include$fomite)$– Ringworm$– Sarcop:c$mange$– Sporothrix$(fungus)$– Leptospirosis$(via$urine)$– Tularemia$– Plague$– Rabies$(bites):$Must$vaccinate$for.$Not$transmioed$by$fomite.$

Zoono:c$diseases$•  Fecal\oral$transmission$

– Toxoplasmosis$– Roundworms$and$hookworms$– Giardia$– Cryptosporidium$– Wash$your$hands$

Flukeman/Wikimedia$commons$



Zoono:c$diseases$

•  Vectors$(need$to$go$through$an$intermediate$host)$– Lyme$disease$– Rocky$Mountain$spooed$fever$– Plague$– Tularemia$

Dopudja/Wikimedia$commons$

Ques:ons?$



Protocols:$Deworming$

•  Do$as$soon$as$the$animal$shows$up.$•  Pyrantel$adequate$for$most:$fenbendazole$if$whipworms$a$problem$in$the$area.$

•  Pyrantel:$5mg/kg$(about$1$ml/10#),$wide$safety$range.$

•  Puppies$and$kioens:$Start$at$four$weeks$and$do$every$two$weeks$un:l$18\20$weeks$of$age.$

•  Adults:$Two$doses$two$weeks$apart,$then$monthly$(for$most$places).$Most$heartworm$preventa:ves$act$as$dewormer.$

Protocols:$Deworming$

•  Praziquantel$for$tapeworms$(Drontal$plus):$In$endemic$areas$should$be$ini:al$dewormer.$

•  Ponazuril$for$coccidia$($$$$up$front$unless$use$compounded):$20mg/kg$daily$for$3$days$or$30\50$mg/kg$once$and$repeat$in$a$week.$

•  Revolu:on?$•  Fecals?$



Protocols:$External$parasites$

•  Flea,$:ck,$mosquito$control:$Know$your$area$– Disease$vectors:$Transmit$infec:ous$diseases$such$as$heartworm,$Lyme$disease,$Rocky$Mountain$spooed$fever,$Ehrlichia.$

– Uncomfortable$for$pets$to$have$parasites.$– Can$lead$to$or$exacerbate$allergies.$– Many$topical$preventa:ves/treatments$available.$$Work$with$your$vet$to$develop$a$protocol$for$use.$

– Treat$the$environment.$

Protocols:$External$parasites$

•  Consult$local$veterinarian$about$ectoparasites$in$your$area.$

•  Ideally,$treat$upon$intake.$•  Monthly$in$endemic$areas.$•  Can$be$heartworm$preventa:ve$(Revolu:on©,$Advantage$Mul:©).$



Protocols:$Heartworm$$•  Endemic$in$most$areas$of$U.S.$•  Ini:ally$recommend$heartworm$test:$To$treat$if$posi:ve,$

not$to$determine$if$can$give$preventa:ve.$•  Ini:al$preventa:ve$can$double$as$a$dewormer.$•  Ivermec:n:$6\12$mcg/kg.$For$a$50\pound$dog,$is$around$

0.02mL$of$a$1%$solu:on.$Costs$around$2$cents.$Cau:on$in$herding$dogs.$Does%not%act%as%dewormer%at%this%dose.%%Higher%dose%unsafe%in%heartworm5posi7ve%dogs.%

•  Milbemycin$(Interceptor©)$for$herding$dogs.$•  Give$monthly$according$to$vet’s$recommenda:ons$(not$

necessary$in$Wisconsin$winter).$

Protocols:$Core$vaccines$

•  Puppies$DHPP:$4\6$weeks$of$age$

•  Every$two$weeks$un:l$18$weeks$of$age$•  Alterna:vely:$2$weeks$ager$first,$then$$$$$$q$3\4$weeks$un:l$18$weeks$of$age$•  Booster$in$1$year$•  Then$q$3$years$•  Risk$assessment$

Bordetella:$IN$ager$6$weeks$of$age$(depending$on$risk)$•  Booster$in$6$months$to$a$year$depending$on$environment$

Rabies$$•  12\16$weeks$of$age$(varies$by$state),$then$in$1$year,$and$then$q$3$years.$Veterinary$or$trained$shelter$worker$(in$some$states).$



Protocols:$Core$vaccines$

•  Adult$dogs$–  If$no$proof$of$vaccine$

•  DHPP$on$intake$and$booster$in$2$weeks$•  Bordetella$on$intake$•  Booster$DHPP$in$1$year,$then$q$3$years$•  Booster$bordetella$in$6$months,$1$year$$$$$$as$needed$•  Rabies?$(YES!!)$•  Stop$vaccines$around$8\12$years$

–  If$proof$of$vaccine$•  Booster$DHPP$and$bordetella$if$over$a$year$since$last$vaccine$•  Dependent$on$age$and$number$of$historical$vaccines$

Protocols:$Vaccines$

•  Dogs$– Lepto:$depends$– Coronavirus:$no$– Lyme:$depends$– Titers:$vaccicheck,$TiterCHEK$$

Vaccicheck.com$

www.zoe:s.com$



Protocols:$Core$vaccines$•  Kioens$

–  FVRCP$(MLV)$•  Start$at$4\6$weeks,$and$every$2$weeks$$$$$$$$un:l$16$weeks$of$age$•  Alterna:vely,$first$two$2$weeks$apart,$then$$$$$$$$q$3\4$weeks$un:l$16$weeks$of$age$•  Booster$in$1$year,$then$q$3$years$•  Risk$assessment$

–  FeLV$•  Test$first$•  8\10$weeks$of$age,$then$booster$in$2\4$weeks$•  Booster$in$1$year,$then$q$3$

–  Rabies$•  Not$required$by$law$in$every$state$(WEIRD)$•  Ager$12$weeks$of$age,$then$1$year,$then$q$3$years$$$$$(in$most$states)$


•  Cats$–  If$no$previous$known$vaccines$

•  FVRCP$right$away$and$in$$$$2\3$weeks$•  FeLV$now$and$in$2\3$weeks$•  Rabies$vaccine?$YES$(my$$$$$$$opinion)$

–  If$known$previous$vaccines$•  FVRCP$if$not$done$within$the$$$$$$last$year$•  FeLV$only$if$overdue$•  Rabies$if$overdue$




•  Cats$– FIV:$no$– Chlamydia:$no$– Ringworm:$no,$other$than$in$rare$circumstances$– Basically,$no$other$vaccines$

Protocols:$Cleaning$

•  Can$spot\clean$with$animal$in$room/run/kennel:$not$with$hose$and$not$with$irrita:ng$substances$(bleach)$

•  Need$to$sani:ze$between$animals$•  Should$sani:ze$if$animal$has$contagious$disease$

•  Cannot$sani:ze$with$animal$in$run$•  Also$must$clean$all$bedding$and$bowls$




•  General$overview$of$cleaners$–  Bleach$is$cheap,$but$is$caus:c$and$can$be$irrita:ng$to$respiratory$tract.$

–  Alcohol$is$cheap,$but$has$limited$effec:veness.$–  Chlorhex$has$some$decent$ac:vity$against$bacteria$and$enveloped$viruses$(herpes),$but$none$against$non\enveloped$viruses.$

–  Quaternary$ammonium$compounds$have$no$ac:on$against$parvoviruses$(even$though$one$is$named$Parvosol).$

–  Accel$has$great$spectrum,$but$is$more$expensive$up$front:$$$50/gallon$(yet$overall$cost$can$be$less).$

Protocols:$Cleaning$www.cfsph.iastate.edu$




•  Must$remove$organic$debris$–$cannot$have$sterile$poop!$

•  Use$detergent/degreaser$(soap,$Accel)$to$remove$organic$material.$

•  Need$to$rinse$and$dry.$

Protocols:$Sani:zing$

•  Then$use$appropriate$disinfectant:$Accel$(1:32),$WysiWash,$Trifectant$and$bleach$(1:32)$are$good$general$disinfectants$and$get$parvoviruses.$

•  For$ringworm,$need$bleach$at$1:10$(very$strong)$or$Accel$at$1:16$(8$oz./gallon).$

•  Contact$:me$is$key:$Five$minutes$for$Accel$and$10$minutes$for$bleach.$



Protocols:$Sani:zing$

•  Air\dry$or$rinse$$•  Depends$on$cleaner$and$$need$to$move$animals$$back$into$area$

Protocols:$Fomite$control$This$is$YOU$and$everything$you$or$the$animal$touches$

www.loc.gov$



Protocols:$Fomite$control$

•  Dedicated$bowls$and$bedding$•  Wash$hands$•  Wear$gloves$•  Wash$hands$•  Wear$outer$protec:ve$gear$between$groups$of$animals$•  Wash$hands$•  PPE$if$infec:ous$disease$(boots,$gowns,$caps,$masks?,$gloves)$

•  Wash$hands$•  Hand$sani:zers?$

Protocols:$Fomite$control$

•  Decrease$cluoer$•  Have$dedicated$$$$$$supplies$for$each$area$•  Disinfect$common$$$$$$surfaces$daily$•  Disinfect$touched$$$$$$surfaces$frequently$•  Deep\clean$ogen$•  Oh,$and$wash$hands$ Tomwsulcer/Wikimedia$Commons$



Summary$

Infec:ous$Disease$

Host$

Environment$Pathogen$

Summary:$Minimizing$disease$spread$

•  Contact:$traffic$control,$cleanliness$•  Aerosol:$distance$and$ven:la:on$•  Oral:$remove$solid$waste,$clean$area$and$materials$

•  Vector:$ectoparasite$control,$cleanliness$•  Fomite:$Clean,$decrease$cluoer,$and$WASH%YOUR%HANDS$



Conclusion$

•  You$will$make$mistakes$—$learn$from$them.$•  An$infec:ous$disease$in$your$environment$is$not$your$fault,$but$its$spread$ogen$is.$

•  When$in$doubt,$err$on$the$side$of$cau:on.$•  It$is$beoer$to$be$too$clean$than$to$risk$cross\contamina:on.$

•  Work$closely$with$your$veterinarian$and/or$veterinary$technicians.$

•  A$pound$of$preven:on$costs$a$lot$less$than$an$ounce$of$cure.$

Ques:ons?$

Resources:$– Miller,L$and$Hurley,$K$(eds).$Infec+ous.Disease.Management.in.Animal.Shelters.$Wiley$Blackwell.$2009.$

– Miller,$L$and$Zawistowski,$S$(eds).$Shelter.Medicine.for.Veterinarians.and.Staff,.2nd$ed.$Wiley$Blackwell.$2013.$

–  www.sheltermedicine.com$

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15 Reducing health risks Dix - Best Friends Animal Society