13.12.14. Nutrition in aquaculture 3 15. Schedule/Lecture... · Fish pituitary gland ± its structure, ... Synthetic harmones used for induced breeding of carps. 1 ... probiotics

Department of Aquaculture

College of Fisheries, MPUAT, Udaipur

Lecture Schedule

Course No. : FAQC-111 (Principles of Aquaculture)

Credit Hours: 2(2+0)

Theory:

S.No. Topic No. of

Lectures

1. Definition and scope of aquaculture 2

2. History of aquaculture- Present Global and National scenario 2

3. Systems of aquaculture- Pond culture, Pen culture, Cage culture,

Running water culture, Zero water exchange systems etc.

4

4.

Extensive, semi-intensive, intensive and super intensive aquaculture in

different types of water bodies viz., freshwater, brackishwater and inland

saline water

4

5. Principles of organic aquaculture 2

6. Pre-stocking management 2

7. Post-stocking management 1

8. Criteria for selection of candidate species for aquaculture 1

9. Major candidate species for aquaculture: freshwater, brackish-water and

marine

6

10. Monoculture, polyculture and integrated culture systems 3

11. Water and soil quality in relation to fish production 2

12. Estimation of productivity

13. Physical, chemical and biological factors affecting productivity of ponds 4

14. Nutrition in aquaculture 3

15. Health management in aquaculture 3

16. Economics of aquaculture 2



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : FAQC-211 (Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology)


Theory:

S.No. Topic No. of

Lectures

1. Nutritional requirements of cultivable fish and shellfish. 3

2. Feed formulation and manufacturing. 3

3. Forms of feeds: wet feeds, moist feeds, dry feeds, mashes, pelleted

feeds, floating and sinking pellets.

4

4. Feed additives: binders, antioxidants, enzymes, pigments, growth

promoters, feed stimulants.

4

5. Feed storage, use of preservatives and antioxidants. 2

6. Feed evaluation - feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, protein

efficiency ratio, net protein utilization and biological value.

2

7. Feeding devices and methods. 2

8. Non-conventional feed ingredients and anti-nutritional factors. 2

9. Digestive enzymes, feed digestibility. 1

10. Factors affecting digestibility. 2

11. Nutritional deficiency diseases. 3

Practical:

S. No. Topic No. of

lecture

1. Proximate composition analysis of feed ingredients and feeds. 4

2. Preparation of artificial feeds using locally available feed ingredients. 3

3. Determination of sinking rate and stability of feeds. 2

4. Effect of storage on feed quality. 2



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : FAQC-212 (Culture of Fish Food Organisms)


Theory:

S.No. Topic No. of

Lectures

1. Candidate species of phytoplankton and zooplankton as live food

organisms of freshwater and marine species.

4

2. Trophic potentials- proximate composition of live feed. 4

3. Biology and culture requirements of important live food organisms. 5

4. Diatoms, infusoria, rotifers 2

5. Cladocerons, tubifex,chironomids. 2

6. Brineshrimp 2

7. Green algae, blue-green algae, Spirulina, 4

8. Culture of earthworms, bait fish and forage fish. 3

Practical:

S. No. Topic No. of

lecture

1. Methods of isolation and identification of different live food organism. 4

2. Laboratory scale culture of selected live food organisms. 3

3. Evaluation of live food organisms. 2

4. Decapsulation technique and hatching method of brine shrimp cysts. 2

5. Freeze drying of live fish food organisms. 2



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : FAQC-311 (Finfish Breeding and Hatchery Management)


Theory:

S.No. Topic No. of

Lectures

1. Fresh water and marine fish seed resources. 1

2. Natural breeding of finfishes. 1

3. Selection of riverine spawn collection sites, gears used and methods of

collection.

2

4. Temporary storage of spawn, Behaviour of spawn in relation to

hydrological and hydrobiological factors.

2

5. Spawn quality and quantity indices. 1

6. Advantages and disadvantages of riverine seed collection. 1

7. Sexual maturity and breeding season of various cultivable species. 1

8. Types of fish egg and embryonic development. 2

9. Methods of breeding; bundh breeding - wet and dry bundhs, collection

and hatching of eggs, factors involved in bundh breeding, advantages

and disadvantages of bundh breeding.

2

10. Induced breeding of warm water finfishes, environmental factors

affecting spawning, sympathetic breeding.Hypophysation of fishes.

Fish pituitary gland – its structure, collection, preservation and

preparation of extract for injection, dosages and methods of injection.

3

11. Broodstock management and transportation of broodfish. 1

12. Synthetic harmones used for induced breeding of carps. 1

13. Different types of fish hatcheries- traditional, Chinese, glass jar and

modern controlled hatcheries.

2

14. Causes of mortalities of eggs and spawn. Treatment of eggs. 1

15. Spawn rearing techniques. 1

16. Use of anaesthetics in fish breeding and transport. 1

17. Breeding techniques for Indian major carps, exotic carps, Mahseer,

trout, tilapia, catfishes, mullets, milk fish, pearl spot, sea bass,

groupers, etc.

3

18. Multiple breeding of carps. 1

19. Cryopreservation of fish gametes. 1

Practical:

S. No. Topic No. of

lecture

1. Study of maturity stages in fish. 1

2. Collection and preservation of fish pituitary gland, preparation of

extract. Hypophysation. 1

3. Calculation of fecundity. 1

4. Broodstock maintenance and selection of breeders for injection. 1



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : FAQC-312 (ShellfishBreeding and Hatchery Management)


Theory:

S.No. Topic No. of

Lectures

1. Natural seed resources, site selection and collection methods. 2

2. Life cycle of important shellfish (Penaeusmonodon, P. indicus,

Macrobrachiumrosenbergii, Scylla serrata, edibleoyster, holothurians,

horse-shoe crab and Sepia.

6

3. Sexual maturity and breeding seasons of different species. 2

4. Maturation stages of Macrobrachiumrosenbergiiand

Penaeusmonodon.

2

5. Induced maturation in Penaeusmonodon by eye stalk ablation. 1

6. Reproductive physiology. Reproductive hormones in crustaceans. 2

7. Brood stock management of Penaeusmonodon and

Macrobrachiumrosenbergii.

2

8. Breeding and hatchery management of Penaeusmonodon and

Macrobrachiumrosenbergii.

2

9. Breeding and hatchery management of crabs and bivalves. 2

10. Food and feeding of larval stages of important shellfishes. 1

11. Health management in hatcheries. 1

Practical:

S. No. Topic No. of

lecture

1. Identification of brood stock and maturity stages of important

crustaceans and molluscs. 2

2. Observations on breeding and larval rearing of

Macrobrachiumrosenbergii and Penaeusmonodon. 2

3. Identification of larval stages of important crustaceans and molluscs. 2

4. Demonstration of eyestalk ablation in Penaeusmonodon. 1

5. Collection, packing and transportation of shrimp/prawn seed and

broodstock. 1

6. Practice in the operation of shrimp and prawn hatcheries. 2

7. Observations on gonadal maturation of Penaeusmonodon and

Macrobrachiumrosenbergii. 1

8. Water treatment and management in shrimp and prawn hatcheries. 1

9. Different chemicals and drugs used in shrimp/prawn hatchery. 1



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : FAQC-313 (Fish Diseases and Management)


Theory:

S.No. Topic No. of

Lectures

1. Significance of fish diseases in relation to aquaculture. 1

2. Disease development process in fish and shellfish. 1

3. Defense mechanism in finfish and shellfish- specific and non-specific

immune system.

4

4. Role of stress and host defense mechanism in disease development. 1

5. Host, pathogen and environment interaction. 1

6. Pathogenecity and mechanism of bacterial, viral and fungal infections

of finfish and shellfish.

4

7. Infectious diseases of cultured finfish and shellfish. Important disease

epizootics of wild fish population.

2

8. Principles of disease diagnosis. Case history and clinical sign in

diagnosis.

1

9. Conventional and rapid diagnostic techniques. Microscopical,

microbiological, histopathological and biochemical methods.

2

10. Health management in aquaculture. Drugs, chemicals, antibiotics and

probiotics used in aquaculture and their mode of action.

2

11. Preventive strategies. Principles and methods of vaccine production

and fish immunization.

2

12. Quarantine and health certification in aquaculture. 1

13. Crop rotation, Immunostimulants, bioremediation and polyculture as

strategies for health management.

2

14. Fish pharmacology – drugs, chemicals, antibiotics, probiotics and their

mode of action.

2

Practical:

S. No. Topic No. of

lecture

1. Methods of sampling fish and shellfish for disease diagnosis. 2

2. Live and post mortem examination of diseased fish. 2

3. Collection and identification of parasites. 1

4. Morphological, biochemical and biological tests of bacteria, virus and

fungi. 2

5. Disease diagnostic techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity assays. 2

6. Techniques in histology. 2

7. Pathological changes in different organ systems associated with

different pathogens. 1

8. Methods of treatment. 1



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : AQCUL-511 (Soil and Water Quality Management in Aquaculture)


Theory:

S. No. Topic No. of

Lectures

1. Physical and chemical properties of soil 2

2. Physical and chemical properties of water 2

3. Productivity vs nutrient quality and quantity of soil and water 2

4. Aquatic microorganisms and their role in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus

and sulphur cycles and impact on aquatic habitats and species

3

5. Soil and water quality standards 2

6. Soil and water quality monitoring and management 2

7. Different kinds of fertilizers and manures 1

8. Fertilizer grade, source, rate and frequency of application 1

9. Bio-fertilizers 1

10. Use of treated sewage for pond fertilization 1

11. Ecological changes taking place after fertilization 1

12. Primary production, degradation of molecules in aquatic environment 1

13. Utilization of bioactive compounds by microorganisms 1

14. Silt/Clay/Pyrite soil, seepage, water treatment, water filtration devices 1

15. Aeration, chlorination, ozonisation and UV radiation 1

16. Algal bloom control, Eutrophication 1

17. Aquatic weed management 1

18. Waste water treatment practices 1

19. Water quality management in hatcheries 1

20. Waste discharge standards 1

21 Role of microorganisms in fish production, fish health and fish safety 1

22. Microbial load and algal blooms 1

Practical:

S. No. Topic No. of

lecture

1. Equipment used in soil and water analysis 2

2. Soil sampling, soil texture, determination of soil moisture and bulk

density

1

3. Pond filling, analysis of mud acidity 1

4. Measurements of temperature, pH, conductivity, transparency, turbidity 1

5. Analysis of salinity, solids, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and hardness 1

6. Analysis of phosphorus, nitrogen 2

7. Estimation of primary productivity and chlorophyll 2

8. Application of fertilizers and pond liming 1

9. Analysis of toxic elements 1

10. Microbial techniques 1

11. Visit to effluent treatment plant 1

12. Design and operation of biological filters 1



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : AQCUL-512 (Seed Production and HatcheryManagement of Finfishes) Credit Hours: 3(2+1)

Theory:

S.No. Topic No. of

Lectures

1. History, constraints and current status of natural seed collection and hatchery seed production.

2

2. Reproductive biology: Physiology and morphology; Molecular and physiological basis of reproduction, Overview of current developments in reproductive biology.

3

3. Gamete maturation and development: Spermatogenesis and oogenesis, Hormonal pathways and mode of control.

2

4. Environmental and endocrine control of reproduction: Reproductive cycles, Seasonality (Photoperiod, change in water quality and quantity, temperature, lunar cycle, etc.), Environmental and exogenous hormonal stimuli.

3

5. Induced spawning: Methods of natural and artificial fertilization, multiple breeding, GnRH and Linpe models, evaluation of milt and egg, cryopreservation technique, use of different synthetic hormones and analogues for induced spawning, Egg staging, Stripping and fertilization.

4

6. Hatchery technology for different species: Indian major and minor carps, Exotic carps, Catfishes, Tilapia, Mahseer, Trout, etc.

4

7. Marine fish seed production: Seabass, milkfish, mullets, sea breams, rabbitfish, grouper, yellowtail, eel, cobia, etc.

4

8. Hatchery design and management: Criteria for site selection of hatchery and nursery, Design and function of incubators, Jar hatchery, Chinese hatchery and other hatchery systems- design and operation, hatchery protocols, larval rearing stages, rearing technology, packaging and transport of seed.

5

9. Seed supply in aquaculture: Relationship between fry and growth, Macro-planning of fry production to stimulate growth, Marketing and economics of fish seed.

4

Practical:

S.

No.

Topic No. of

lecture

1. Study of gonadal development in carps and other cultivable finfishes. 2

2. Identification, carp and catfish seed. 1

3. Collection and identification, packing and transport of cultivable freshwater finfish seed.

2

4. Induced breeding of fishes through various inducing agents. 2

5. Evaluation of carp milt and eggs. 1

6. Design and operation of Chinese hatchery. 1

7. Preparation of brood and larval feeds for different cultivable finfish. 1

8. Rearing of carp spawn and fry. 1

9. Visit to different finfish hatcheries. 1



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : AQCUL-513 (Freshwater Aquaculture) Credit Hours: 3(2+1)

Theory:

S.No. Topic No. of

Lectures

1. Introduction: Present status, problems and scope of fish and prawn farming in global and Indian perspective.

2

2. Aquaculture systems: Extensive, semi-intensive and intensive culture of fish. 1

3. Pen and cage culture in lentic and lotic water bodies. 2

4. Poly-culture, composite fish culture. 2

5. Fish farming: Nursery and grow-out pond preparation, stocking, feeding. 2

6. Waterquality management in the farming of major and exotic carps, magur, singhi, murrels, tilapia, Mahseer, trout etc.

3

7. Stunted seed production and culture practice. 1

8. Freshwater prawn farming: Monoculture practice. All male culture and its advantages.

2

9. Polyculturewith carps, prawn farming in inland saline waters. 1

10. Nursery rearing, sex segregation, pond preparation, stocking, feeding and water quality management, disease prevention and treatment; harvesting and handling.

3

5. Integrated farming systems (IFS): Design, farming practices, constraints and economics of IFS of fish with paddy, cattle, pig, poultry, duck,etc.

3

6. Wastewater-fed aquaculture: Water treatment methods, species selection, culture practices, harvesting and depuration process.

3

7. Economics of different fish farming systems. 2

Practical:

S.

No.

Topic No. of

lecture

1. Identification of commercially important cultivable fish and prawn species. 2

2. Assessment of seed quality- stress test. 1

3. Calculating carrying capacity of pond and stocking density. 1

4. Check tray assessment and feed ration calculation. 2

5. Sampling procedure and growth assessment. 1

6. Farm visits. 1

7. Modelling of different culture systems. 3



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : AQCUL-531 (Non-food Aquaculture) Credit Hours: 3(2+1)

Theory:

S.No. Topic No. of

Lectures

1. Aquarium fish trade: Present status; potential; major exporting and importing countries; species-wise contribution of freshwater and marine fishes; contribution of culture and capture; marketing strategies; anaesthetics, packing and transportation.

5

2. Breeding techniques: Reproductive biology, captive breeding and rearing of freshwater, brackishwater, marine ornamental fishes and invertebrates.

4

3. Aquarium keeping: Design and construction of tanks; species-wise tank size requirement; heating, lighting, aeration and filtration arrangements; decorative fixtures used; Feed, health and water quality management; prophylaxis; quarantine.

4

3. Value addition: Colour enhancement; genetic manipulation and production of new strains; hybrids; acclimatization strategies for marine ornamental fish to freshwater.

3

4. Pearl Production: Overview of pearl trade, pearl oysters and freshwater mussels of pearl culture importance; anatomy, biology and seed production, techniques of implantation, method of rearing and harvesting of pearl, designer pearl, processing and quality evaluation of pearls, pearl production by tissue culture.

5

5. Bait fish culture: Scope and importance, bait fish species (minnows, Apogon silver heads, etc.), farming practices.

4

6. Ornamental aquatic plants: Propagation methods, nutrient and environmental requirements, cropping methods, packing and transport.

3

Practical:

S.

No.

Topic No. of

lecture

1. Identification of common freshwater aquarium fishes and breeding trials of selected freshwater fishes.

4

2. Identification of common brackish water, aquarium fishes, Oysters and mussels.

2

3. Aquarium fabrication, setting and maintenance. 2

4. Preparation of powdered and pelleted feed for ornamental fishes. 1

5. Visit to ornamental fish farms. 1

6. Study of bacterial, viral, fungal diseases of ornamental fishes and their control.

2

7. Prophylactic and quarantine measures. 1

8. Identification of ornamental aquatic plants. 2



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : AQCUL-532 (Aquaculture Engineering)


Theory:

S.No. Topic No. of

Lectures

1. Introduction: Technical components of farm designing, future trends in aquaculture engineering.

3

2. Aquaculture facilities: Planning process, site selection and evaluation, design, components and construction of tanks, ponds, cages and hatcheries.

4

3. Water intake and outlet: Pipe line, water flow and head loss, different types of pumps.

3

4. Water treatment: Equipment used for water treatment, filters, ultraviolet light, ozone, heating and cooling and other processes of disinfection.

4

5. Aeration and oxygenation: Design and fabrication of aerators, oxygen injection system.

3

6. Recirculation and water use system: Definition, components and design. 3

7. Feeding system: Different types of feeding equipment, feed control systems, dynamic feeding systems.

3

8. Instrumentation and monitoring: Instruments for measuring water quality. 3

Practical:

S. No. Topic No. of

lecture

1. Visit to aqua farms. 2

2. Contour survey and mappings. 1

3. Evaluation of performance of seepage controlling measures. 1

4. Designing of fresh and brackish water fin and shellfish farms. 2

5. Designing of fresh and brackish water fin and shellfish hatcheries. 2

6. Estimation of construction cost of FRP and cement hatchery units, inlets, outlets, sluice gate, monks, hatchery sheds, supply channel and drainage systems, gravitational flow.

3

7. Design and construction of effluent treatment plant for hatchery. 2

8. Evaluation of capacity of aeration devices. 1



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : AQCUL-533 (Seed Production and Hatchery Management of Shellfishes) Credit Hours: 3(2+1)

Theory:

S.No. Topic No. of

Lectures

1. Introduction: Current status; problems and prospects. 2

2. Seed resources: Site selection and techniques of collection; identification and segregation of shellfish seed.

2

3. Reproductive biology: Gonad anatomy, endocrinology and reproductive mechanisms in prawns, shrimps, crabs, lobsters, mussels, oysters, scallops and clams; age at first maturity; factors affecting maturation and spawning.

4

3. Broodstock: availability; improvement; nutritional requirements; transport; captive rearing and maturation; induced spawning; physical and chemical inducing agents; physiology and techniques of eyestalk ablation.

4

4. Seed production: Seed production of commercially important prawns, shrimps, crabs, lobsters, mussels, edible oysters, pearl oyster, scallops, clams and sea cucumber.

6

5. Hatchery technology and management: Site selection and facilities required; culture and use of different live feed in shellfish hatcheries; larval diseases and their management; different chemicals and drugs used; water quality and feed management; Hatchery standards and biosecurity; sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures; better management practices (BMPs); packaging and transport of seed.

8

6. Economics of seed production. 2

Practical:

S.

No.

Topic No. of

lecture

1. Layout and design of prawn hatcheries. 1

2. Study of gonad development in different cultivable crustaceans and molluscs. 2

3. Collection and identification of shellfish seed. 1

4. Packing and transportation of shellfish seed. 1

5. Eyestalk ablation technique. 1

6. Identification of larval stages of prawn, crab, mussel and oyster. 2

7. Culture techniques of micro algae and other live feeds used in shellfish hatcheries.

1

8. Artemia hatching technique. 1

9. Visit to different shellfish hatcheries. 1

10. Economic analysis of shellfish hatcheries. 1



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : AQCUL-534 (Larval Nutrition and Culture of Fish Food Organisms)


Theory:

S.No. Topic No. of

Lectures

1. Larval stages and nutritional requirements of finfish larvae 1

2. Larval stages and nutritional requirements of shellfish larvae 1

3. Quality requirements of larval feeds (particle size, digestibility) 1

4. Natural food and its importance in aquaculture 1

5. Nutritional quality of commonly used food organisms, Bio-enrichment 1

6. Biofilm/Periphyton and its use 1

7. Culture of single cell proteins and their nutritional quality 1

8. Formulation and preparation of artificial feeds for larval rearing 1

9. Micro-particulate diets 1

10. Fish food organisms: Bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton 1

11. Role of bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton in larval

nutrition

1

12. Methods of collection, maintenance and rearing of fish food organisms 2

13. Different media used in culture 1

14. Mass culture of fish food organisms and their application in hatcheries 1

15. Culture of important microalgae 1

16. Culture of important rotifers 1

17. Culture of artemia 1

18. Culture of important cladocerans 1

19. Culture of important copepods 1

20. Culture of important oligochaetes 1

21 Culture of important nematodes 1

22. Culture of important insect larvae 1

Practical:

S.

No.

Topic No. of

lecture

1. Collection, identification and isolation of live food organisms using

various techniques

2

2. Preparation of various culture media 1

3. Preparation and maintenance of stock microalgal culture 1

4. Preparation of artificial feed for rearing finfish larvae 1

5. Preparation of artificial feed for rearing shellfish larvae 1

6. Mass culture of microalgae 2

7. Mass culture of cladocerans 2

8. Mass culture of copepods 1

9. Mass culture of rotifers 1

10. Culture of artemia nauplii 1

11. Culture of earthworms 1

12. Culture of chironomid larvae 1



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : AQCUL-621 (Aquatic Animal Health Management and Quarantine)


Theory:

S.No. Topic No. of Lectures

1. Defence mechanism in fish and shellfish 1

2. Specific and non-specific defence mechanism 1

3. Immunogenicity, immune cells, immune suppressant,

ontogeny of immune system

2

4. Cellular adaptation, pathogen specificity 1

5. Disease diagnostics tools: Histo-pathological methods, tools

used in different types of PCR, immunoassay, biochemical

assay, monoclonal and polyclonal based antibody assay,

electron microscopy, Serological techniques.

4

6. Disease prevention and therapeutics: vaccines and bactericins 2

7. Development of vaccines like DNA vaccine, adjuvants etc. 1

8. Administration and mode of action of pathogen specific drugs,

drug resistance, antiviral drugs, drug regulation in India

2

9. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 1

10. Immunostimulants 1

11. Quarantine: Biosecurity principles, SPF and SPR 1

12. Quarantine protocols and facilities 1

13. Broodstock and seed quarantine measures 1

14. Quarantine of aquatic animals and premises 1

Practical:

S. No. Topic No. of lecture

1. Analysis and reporting legal problems relating to quarantine 2

2. Microscopic techniques 1

3. Immunisation techniques 1

4. Necropsy examination to study internal organs of fish 1

5. PCR, ELISA, agglutination test 2

6. Gel electrophoresis 1

7. Histo-pathology 2

8. Determination of dosages of chemicals and drugs for treating

common diseases

2



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : AQCUL-622 (Fish and Shellfish Physiology and Endocrinology)


Theory:


1. General physiology and endocrinology: Physiology of migration and behaviour, chemical nature of hormones, storage, release and control of hormones, serochemistry, structure and function of neuro-endocrine system, biotic and abiotic factors influencing homeostasis, ecophysiology, endocrine control of growth.

6

2. Nutritional and digestive physiology: Mechanism of chemo, electro and mechanorecption, gustation, digestive enzymes and isozymes, nutrient tansporters, gut microbial digestion, excretion.

5

3. Neurophysiology: Neurosecretory system in fishes, crustaceans and molluscs, neurotransmitters, ecdysis.

4

4. Reproductive physiology: Maturation and spawning, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, yolk formation, mechanism of sex reversal.

4

5. Respiratory physiology: Structure and chemical composition of respiratory pigments, gas exchange concept.

3

6. Physiology of osmoregulation in fishes. 2

7. Stress physiology: stress response, stress hormones, stress adaptation.

3

Practical:


1. Dissection of fin and shellfish to study endocrine glands. 4

2. Histological techniques to study endocrine cells. 4

3. Identification of moult stages. 2

4. Serological analysis. 2

5. Application of Electrocardiogram and respirometer. 2



Lecture Schedule

Course No. : AQCUL-625 (Aquaculture Development, Planning and Management)


Theory:


1. Importance, principles and processes in developing

aquaculture programmes

3

2. Planning for sustainable development 1

3. Types of planning: Planning strategies at various levels 2

4. Role and relevance of Panchayati Raj institutions in

aquaculture development

1

5. Plan allocation and performance of FFDA, BFDA and other

aquaculture related programmes over the different plan

periods in India

2

6. Project preparation and project appraisal in terms of social

benefit analysis, shadow prices

2

7. Project management techniques- PERT and CPM 1

8. Logical framework approach (LFA) 1

9. Stakeholder analysis 1

10. Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PROME) 1

11. People’s participation in aquaculture programmes,

significance, importance and approaches

2

12. Critical analysis of aquaculture and rural development

programmes

2

13. Design, operation, institutional mechanism and socio-cultural

and economic impact of programmes such as NREGA

3

14. Labour market relations 1

15. Fisheries development vis-à-vis fisheries for development 2

16. Livelihood frameworks 2

Practical:


1. Need assessment 1

2. Setting objectives, developing plan of work 1

3. Success indicators 1

4. Impact assessment of aquaculture development programmes 1

5. SWOT analysis 1

6. Exercises on PERT and CPM 2

7. Fisheries and aquaculture policies of select states and

countries

2

8. Study visits to selected aquaculture project areas- FFDA,

BFDA, SAUs, ICAR institutes

6

Semester-wise distribution of courses (2015-16) I Year (Semester-I) (NEW)

Course No. Semester/Course title Credit hours

FAQC-111 Principles of Aquaculture 2(2+0) FFRM-111 Taxonomy of Finfish 3(1+2)

FFRM-112 Taxonomy of Shellfish 3(1+2) FAEN-111 Meteorology and Geography 2(1+1) FBCH-111 Principles of Biochemistry 3(2+1) FFMB-112 Fundamentals of Microbiology 3(2+1) FICT-113 Information & Communication Technology 2(1+1) FPHT-112 Fishing Gear Technology 3(2+1)

Total 21(12+9)

FAQC-111. Principles of Aquaculture 2(2+0)

Basics of aquaculture - Definition and Scope. History of aquaculture: Present global and national scenario. Systems of aquaculture - pond culture, pen culture, cage culture, running water culture, zero water exchange system, etc. Extensive, semi-intensive, intensive and super intensive aquaculture in different types of water bodies viz., freshwater, brackish water and inland saline water. Principles of organic aquaculture. Pre-stocking and post stocking pond management. Criteria for selection of candidate species for aquaculture. Major candidate species for aquaculture: freshwater, brackish-water and marine. Monoculture, polyculture and integrated culture systems. Water and soil quality in relation to fish production and estimation of productivity. Physical, chemical and biological factors affecting productivity of ponds. Nutrition, health management and economics.

FFRM-111. Taxonomy of Finfish 3 (1+2)

Principles of taxonomy. Nomenclature, types. Classification and interrelationships. Criteria for generic and specific identification. Morphological, morphometric and meristic characteristics of taxonomic significance. Major taxa of inland and marine fishes up to family. Commercially important freshwater and marine fishes of India and their morphological characteristics. Introduction to modern taxonomic tools: karyotaxonomy, protein analysis and DNA polymorphism.

Practical: Collection and identification of commercially important inland and marine fishes. Study of their external morphological,morphometric and meristic characters. Modern taxonomic tools - Protein analysis and electrophoretic studies; Karyotaxonomy - chromosome preparation and identification. Visit to fish landing centres to identify commercially important fishes and catch composition.

FFRM-112. Taxonomy of Shellfish 3 (1+2)

Study of external morphology and meristic characteristics of crustacea and mollusca. Classification of crustacea and mollusca up to the family with examples of commercially important species.

Practical: Study of external morphology. Collection, preservation and identification of commercially important prawns, shrimps crabs, lobsters, bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods from natural habitats. Field visits for collection and identification of commercially important shellfishes.

FAEN-111. Meteorology and Geography 2(1+1)

Nature of Atmosphere: weather and climate; composition of Atmosphere; structure of Atmosphere. Heat energy of Atmosphere: process of heat transmission; heating of Atmosphere; disposal of insulation; Law of Radiation. Temperature: Temperature instruments; periodic, horizontal and vertical temperature variations; factors affecting temperature. Humidity and water vapour: relationship between temperature and humidity; distribution of water vapour in atmosphere; evaporation, humidity measurements and instruments. Condensation and precipitation: process and conditions of condensation, forms of condensation; precipitation; forms of precipitation, measurement of precipitation; Indian monsoon. Clouds: classification of clouds; conditions of cloud formation. Atmospheric pressure: meaning of Atmospheric pressure; the laws of Gases; pressure units; pressure instruments; vertical, horizontal and periodic variations; isobars and pressure gradients. Wind: characteristics of wind motion; wind observation and measurement; wind representation; factors affecting wind motion. wind system; planetary pressure belts. Cyclones and anti cyclones, land and sea breeze. Weather forecasting: forecasting process; forecasting from local indications; role of satellite in weather forecasting; synoptic weather charts. Introduction to Geography: shape, size and structure of the earth; concepts of latitude, longitude, and great circles; model globe, maps and different types of projections.

Practical: Meteorology: Graphic representation of structure of atmosphere; physical layering and compositional layering. Temperature instruments: Max-Min Thermometer; thermograph. Humidity measurement: hygrometer; psychrometer;absolute and relative humidity. Observation and identification of various types of clouds. Precipitation: measurement of rainfall using rain gauge. Mapping Indian monsoons: south-west monsoon and rainfall in June, North-east monsoon and rainfall in December; isohyets. Atmospheric pressure measurement: fortin’s mercurial barometer; Aneroid barometer. Wind observation and measurement: wind vane; cup anemometer. Geography: The Earth:diagrammatic representation of shape, size, structure, zones, latitudes, longitudes and great circles. Typical landscape mapping; map reading. Geographical terms used in landscape. Measurement of evaporation with open pan evaporimeter. Solar radiation measurement.

FBCH-111. Principles of Biochemistry 3 (2+1)

Major biomolecules in foods and their important functions. Classification of carbohydrates. Structures, functions and properties of mono- di- and polysaccharides. Isomerism Seaweed polysaccharides – sources and uses. Glycolysis and TCA cycle. Classification, structure, function and properties of amino acids. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. Principles of protein purification. Protein biosynthesis. Genetic code,Transcription; translation. Classification, structure, functions and properties of lipids. Essential fatty acids. Auto-oxidationand rancidity, saponification value and iodine number, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid number, oxidative and hydrolytic rancidity. Significance of Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids. Beta oxidation. Structure, function and importance of nucleic acids. Enzymes- nomenclature; classification; specificity; mechanism and regulation of enzyme activity, Steroid and peptide Hormones- Chemistry and function. Structure and functions of,steroid and peptide , fat and water soluble vitamins

Practical: Estimation of carbohydrate and protein in fish tissues. Preparation of solutions. Extraction and estimation of total lipids from fish tissue. Applications of paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, ion exchange chromatography. Gel filtration. Determination of saponification and iodine values. Determination of lipase activity.

FFMB-112. Fundamentals of Microbiology 3 (2+1)

History of microbiology, microbial world and their structural characters. Prokaryotes – bacteria, actinomycetes, spirochaetes, cyanobacteria, mycoplasma, rickettsiae, archaebacteria viruses, structure, classification, characters and their economic importance. Photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs and their ecological significance. Microbial growth and metabolism – measurement of cell growth, dynamics of bacterial growth, factors affecting growth. Effect of physico-chemical factors like pH, temperature, moisture, light, organic and inorganic substances. Salient features of soil, water, air, food microbiology. Pathogenicity and virulence. Sources of infection. Transmission of disease producing organisms. Effect of pathogenic bacteria on the body. Symptoms and lesions. Virus, RNA and DNA virus, Interference and interferon, control of viral infection. Immunology and serology antigen-antibody reactions and their significance, serological methods in disease diagnosis. Aquatic microbial groups, Role of microorganisms in the cycling of elements in water, breakdown and production of organic matter; Role of bacteria and fungi in sedimentations, microorganisms and water pollution; Effluent treatment; Bacteria of extreme environment, deep sea bacteria, hydrothermal bacteria, halophilic bacteria etc

Practical: Introduction to microscopy; study of different types of microscopes; wet mount and hanging drop preparations; sterilization by different methods, filteration, dry heat, moist heat, chemical use etc. staining techniques – simple, differential, structural and microchemical techniques; distribution of micro-organisms in nature; isolation, pure culture and preservation methods; enumeration of micro-organisms, environmental influences on micro-organisms; biochemical tests; observation of fungi, blue-green

algae, bacteria and protozoans. Study and enumeration of coliform, iron, and sulphur bacteria, viable nonculturable bacteria. Microbiological water quality management in aquaculture, bioremediators and probiotics. Pathogens of aquatic animals - their isolation and identifications; detection of toxic organisms in aquatic system.

FICT-113. Information and Communication Technology 2 (1+1)

IT and its importance, IT tools, IT-enabled services and their impact on society; computer fundamentals; hardware and software; input and output devices; word and character representation; features of machine language, assembly language, high-level language and their advantages and disadvantages; principles of programming- algorithms and flowcharts; Operating systems (OS) – definition, basic concepts, introduction to WINDOWS and LINUX Operating Systems; Local area network (LAN), Wide area network(WAN), Internet and World Wide Web, HTML and IP; Introduction to MS Office – Word, Excel, Power Point. Audio visual aids - definition, advantages, classification and choice of A.V aids; cone of experience and criteria for selection and evaluation of A.V aids; video conferencing. Communication process, Berlo’s model, feedback and barriers to communication Practical: Exercises on binary number system, algorithm and flow chart; MS Word; MS Excel; MS Power Point; Internet applications: Web Browsing, Creation and operation of EMail account; Analysis of fisheries data using MS Excel. Handling of audio visual equipments- tape recorder, public address system, overhead projector, LCD projector. Planning, preparation, presentation of posters, charts, overhead transparencies and slides. Organization of an audio visual programme; preparation and presentation of a radio script and T.V. talk.

FPHT-112. Fishing Gear Technology 3 (2+1)

Introduction: History and development of fishing gears; classification of fishing gears of world and India. Factors that determine selection of fishing gears. Gears used in relation to fish and fishing area. Fishing gear materials - Classification - natural and synthetic - yarns, twines, ropes - their properties and identification methods. Yarn numbering systems Runnage, conversions. Twist in twines and ropes, braiding ropes, leaded ropes, floated ropes. Netting – types of knots, knotless netting, meshes, braiding, shaping, creasing, baiting, tailoring. Mounting of webbing – different methods, hanging coefficient, take up ratio. Accessories for fishing gear. Floats – buoys: its materials, types, properties and buoyancy. Sinkers – types, materials, properties- negative buoyancy; bobbins, tickler chain. Wire ropes – wires, strands, cores – selection of wire ropes, breaking strength, specification. Fishing accessories – thimbles, shackles, C-links, rings, G-links, Kelly’s eye, stopper, bottle screw, butterfly, chains. Hooks; types, materials, specification numbering system, jigs, spoon hooks. Maintenance and storage of gears and gear materials. Preservation of netting and other accessories. Selection of gear materials. Parts of a trawl net, purse seine, gill net and tuna long lines. FAO classification of fishing gear and methods. Modern commercial fishing methods- Operation and classification of trawling, purse

seining, lampara net fishing, gill netting, line fishing. Squid jigging and electric fishing. Selective fishing – active fishing and passive fishing. Deck layout – trawlers, purse seiners, long liners, gill netters and combination fishing. Fishing accessories and deck equipments – types of winches, net haulers, line haulers, triple drum, gurdy, power blocks, fish pumps. Fish finder, GPS navigator, sonar, net sonde, gear monitoring equipments.

Practical: Handling of net braiding tools, making different knots, bends, hitches, net braiding using different knots- shaping, creasing, baiting, fly mesh tailoring – T-cuts, N-cuts, B-cuts. Calculations- joining of netting, lacing, seaming. Mounting methods, hanging, revving, direct, indirect, connected calculations- assembling of netting. Damages on the netting, mending of net, identification of synthetic and natural fibres by various methods. Calculation of buoyancy, negative buoyancy – identification of fibres, twines, ropes, iron wares, fish hook. Specification of ropes, wire ropes, iron wares, rigging materials, methods. Seining, boat seines, beach seines, gill netting, drift set, trammel nets. Falling gear - cast nets. Lift nets, Chinese dip nets. Fishing experience in operation of traditional and modern fishing methods. Familiarization of various fishing accessories on board

II Year (Semester-I)

FAQC-211 Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology 3(2+1) FAQC-212 Culture of Fish Food Organisms 2(1+1) FFRM-211 Inland Fisheries 3(2+1) FAEN-211 Oceanography 3(2+1) FAEN-212 Marine Biology 3(2+1) FPHT-212 Freezing technology 3(2+1) FECO-211 Fisheries Economics 3(2+1)

Total 20(13+7)

FAQC-211. Fish Nutrition & Feed Technology 3(2+1)

Nutritional requirements of cultivable fish and shellfish. Feed formulation and manufacturing. Forms of feeds: wet feeds, moist feeds, dry feeds, mashes, pelleted feeds, floating and sinking pellets. Feed additives: binders, antioxidants, enzymes, pigments, growth promoters, feed stimulants. Feed storage, use of preservatives and antioxidants. Feed 262 evaluation - feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilization and biological value. Feeding devices and methods. Non-conventional feed ingredients and anti-nutritional factors. Digestive enzymes, feed digestibility. Factors affecting digestibility. Nutritional deficiency diseases.

Practical: Proximate composition analysis of feed ingredients and feeds. Preparation of artificial feeds using locally available feed ingredients. Determination of sinking rate and stability of feed pellets. Effect of storage on feed quality.

FAQC-212. Culture of Fish Food Organisms 2 (1+1)

Candidate species of phytoplankton and zoo-plankton as live food organisms of freshwater and marine species. Tropic potentials- proximate composition of live feed. Biology and culture requirements of important live food organisms. Green algae, blue-green algae, spirulina, diatoms, infusoria, rotifers, cladocerons, tubifex, brine shrimp, chironomids.Culture of earthworms, bait fish and forage fish. Practical: Methods of isolation and identification of different live food organism. Laboratory scale culture of selected live food organisms. Evaluation of live food organisms.Decapsulation technique and hatching method of brine shrimp cysts.Freez drying of live fish food organisms.

FFRM-211. Inland Fisheries 3 (2+1)

Freshwater fishery regions of the world and their major fish species composition. Global inland fish production data. Inland capture fishery resources of India. Potential of inland waterbodies of Rajasthan. Problems in the estimation of inland fish catch data. Major riverine and estuarine systems of India. Major brackishwater bodies / lakes and their fisheries. Fisheries of major reservoirs / natural lakes of India. Differences between

man-made and natural lakes and flood-plain wetlands as capture fishery resources, present status of their exploitation and future prospects. Cold water fisheries of India.

Practical: Analysis of species composition of commercial catches at landing and assembling centers, sampling and familiarization of commercially important groups. Observations and experimental operations of selected fishing gears in inland waters. Maintenance and analysis of records of catch data.

FAEN-211. Oceanography 3 (2+1)

The earth and the Ocean basin, distribution of water and land, relief of sea floor. Major features of topography and terminology; major divisions. Relief in Indian oceans. Ocean Waves: Definition and terms; classification Difference between surface and long waves; wave theories; surface wave generation; spreading growth; Beaufort Scale; spilling and breaking waves; long waves, Tsunamis, Seiches, internal waves. Ocean Tides: Definition; Tidal phenomenon, tide producing forces types of tides tidal bores. Ocean Currents: Definitions and features; forces acting on sea waters; drift currents Ekman spirals, upwelling, sinking, gradient currents; thermohaline circulation; characteristics; course; and significance of some major ocean currents of the world. El-Nino. Physical properties of sea water and sea ice: transmission of sound; absorption of radiation; eddy conductivity; diffusivity and viscosity. General distribution of temperature, salinity and density: Salinity and temperature of surface layer (SST), subsurface; distribution of temperature and salinity; The T-S diagram; water masses of Indian oceans. Chemistry of sea water: Constancy of composition; elements present in sea water; artificial sea water; dissolves gases in sea water; CO2 system and alkalinity; inorganic agencies affecting composition of sea water distribution of phosphorus, nitrogen compounds, silicates and manganese in the oceans, factor influencing their distribution.

Practical: Operation of oceanographic instruments- Nansen reversing water sampler, Grabs, Corers, current meters, echo-sounder. Determination of DO, CO2 Alkalinity, Nitrates, phosphates, salinity and silicates in sea water. Submission of an assignment related to the course.

FAEN-212. Marine Biology 3 (2+1)

Introduction: Divisions of marine environment- pelagic, benthic, euphotic, aphotic divisions and their subdivisions. Life in oceans – general account of major groups of phytoplankton, sea weeds, major zooplankton groups. Environmental factors affecting life in the oceans salinity, temperature, light, currents, waves, tides, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Primary, secondary and tertiary production. Marine food chains and food webs. Vertical migration of zooplankton, Phytoplankton-Zooplankton relationship, geographical and seasonal variation in plankton production, plankton and fisheries. Benthos- a life in rocky, sandy, and muddy shores. Mud banks, Mangroves and coral reefs. Boring and fouling organisms. Nekton- outline composition of nekton, habitats of nekton. Bioluminescence and indicator species. Red tides. Brief account and distribution of large marine mammals, breeding migration of cetaceans.

Practical: Study of common instruments used for collection of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos. Collection, preservation and analysis of phytoplankton, zooplankton, sea weeds, nekton: fishes, mollusk, crustaceans and benthos from the sea water. Submission of an assignment related to the course.

FPHT-212. Freezing Technology 3 (2+1)

Introduction to freezing technology; Composition of fish and shellfish; changes in fish after death, spoilage of fish, spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms; handling of fresh fish; sanitation in processing plants; principles of low temperature preservations. Chilling of fish –methods and equipment for chilling; icing – quality of ice, ice – making; refrigerated or chilled sea water, chilling rate; spoilage of fish during chilled storage; additive. Freezing of fish – fundamental aspects; heat units; freezing point depression, eutectic point; freezing rate; methods of freezing, freeze drying, physico – chemical changes that occur during freezing – mechanism of ice crystal formation; preparation of fish for freezing. Heat load calculation. Glazing, types of glaze and additives in glaze solution. Changes that occur during frozen storage – microbiological, physical and chemical changes; protein denaturation, fat oxidation, dehydration, drip; protective treatments – polyphosphate, antioxidants, packaging Maintenance of frozen stores. ; thawing of frozen fish – methods of thawing. Transportation of frozen fish, cold chain, quality control, HACCP in freezing industry.

Practical: Chilling and freezing equipment, instruments; packages and product styles; methods of icing fish; cooling rate; freezing and thawing curves; freezing of different varieties of fish and shellfish; estimation of drip; determination of quality changes during frozen storage; inspection of frozen fishery products; visits to freezing plants.

FECO-211. Fisheries Economics 3 (2+1)

Introduction to fisheries economics, basic economic terminologies – micro and macroeconomics, positive and normative economics, environmental economics, production and consumption etc.

Micro-economics; demand, supply; market, equilibrium price, consumption, utility, goods, wealth; consumer’s surplus. Elasticity – price, income, cross. Farm production economics – Costs and returns – break even analysis of fish production system; factors of production, marginal cost and return, law of diminishing marginal return, returns to scale, economies of scale and scope, revenue, profit maximization, measurement of technological change, farm planning and budgeting. Preparation of enterprise budget for integrated fish farming.

Macro-economics: Introduction to national income, concepts, measurement of national income, contribution of fisheries to GNP and employment. Types of economies, Essential processes of an economy.

Globalization: Introduction to GATT and WTO. WTO Framework – Key Subjects - Agreement on Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary Measures (SPS), Seafood Export Regulations; Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) and Agreement on Anti-Dumping Procedures. Important terms to external trades-QRs, Tariff, Quota, Dumping, Antidumping, Green

boxes, Blue boxes, Amber boxes, SPS, AMS, TRIPS etc. Fisheries subsidies and WTO. Fisheries Trade and Environment.

Practical: Demand and supply functions of fish market – determination of equilibrium price for fish and fisheries products. Calculation of price, income and cross elasticities. Illustration of production function – production with one or two variable inputs. Economic analysis on cost and returns like fish farm / shrimp farm / seed production unit / fish processing plant / export unit. Preparation of enterprise budget for integrated fish farming. Analysis of price spread in fish market. Pattern and Performance of India's Seafood Exports. Case studies on competitiveness of Indian fish and fish products.

III Year (Semester-I)

FAQC-311 Finfish Breeding and Hatchery Management 3(2+1) FAQC-312 Shellfish Breeding and Hatchery Management 3(2+1) FAQC-313 Fish Diseases and Management 4(2+2) FFRM-311 Marine Fisheries 3(2+1) FAEN-311 Aquatic Ecology and Biodiversity 3(2+1) FPHT-311 Canning and Fish Packaging Technology 2(1+1) FPHT-112 Fishing Gear Technology 3(2+1)

Total 21(13+8)

FAQC-311. Finfish Breeding and Hatchery Management 3 (2+1)

Fresh water and marine fish seed resources. Natural breeding of finfishes. Selection of riverine spawn collection sites, gears used and methods of collection. Temporary storage of spawn. Behaviour of spawn in relation to hydrological and hydrobiological factors. Spawn quality and quantity indices. Advantages and disadvantages of riverine seed collection. Sexual maturity and breeding season of various cultivable species. Types of fish egg and embryonic development. Methods of breeding; bundh breeding - wet and dry bundh, collection and hatching of eggs, factors involved in bundh breeding, advantages and disadvantages of bundh breeding. Induced breeding of warm water finfishes, environmental factors affecting spawning, sympathetic breeding. Hypophysation of fishes. Fish pituitary gland – its structure, collection, preservation and preparation of extract for injection, dosages and methods of injection. Broodstock management and transportation of broodfish. Synthetic harmones used for induced breeding of carps. Different types of fish hatcheries- traditional, Chinese, glass jar and modern controlled hatcheries. Causes of mortalities of eggs and spawn. Treatment of eggs. Spawn rearing techniques. Use of anesthetics in fish breeding and transport. Breeding techniques for Indian major carps, exotic carps. Mahseer, trout, tilapia, catfishes, mullets, milk fish, pearl spot, sea bass, groupers, etc. Multiple breeding of carps. Cryopreservation of fish gametes.

Practical: Study of maturity stages in fish. Collection and preservation of fish pituitary gland, preparation of extract, Hypophysation. Calculation of breeding indices. Broodstock maintenance and selection of breeders for injection. Different fish hatchery systems, study of fish eggs and embryonic developmental stage.Identification of eggs, spawn, fry and fingerlings of different species. Preparation and management of fish nursery. Fish seed and brood stock transportation, use of anesthetics, disinfectants and antibiotics in fish breeding. Water quality monitoring in fish hatcheries and nurseries. Cryopreservation of fish gametes. Breeding and larval rearing of common finfishes.

FAQC-312. Shellfish Breeding and Hatchery Management 3 (2+1)

Natural seed resources, site selection and collection methods. Life cycle of important shellfish (Penaeus monodon, P. indicus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Scylla serrata, edible, oyster, , holothurians, horse-shoe carb and Sepia. Sexual maturity and breeding

seasons of different species. Maturation stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Penaeus monodon. Induced maturation in Penaeus monodon by eye stalk ablation. Reproductive physiology. Reproductive harmones in crustaceans. Brood stock management of Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Breeding and hatchery management of Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Breeding and hatchery management of crabs and bivalves. Food and feeding of larval stages of important shellfishes. Health management in hatcheries. Practical: Identification of brood stock and maturity stages of important crustaceans and mollusks. Observations on breeding and larval rearing of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Penaeus monodon. Identification of larval stages of important crustaceans and mollusks. Demonstration of eyestalk ablation in Penaeus monodon. Collection, packing and transportation of shrimp/prawn seed and broodstock. Practice in the operation of shrimp and prawn hatcheries. Observations on gonadal maturation of Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Water treatment and management in shrimp and prawn hatcheries. Different chemicals and drugs used in shrimp/prawn hatchery.

FAQC-313. Fish Diseases and Management 4(2+2)

Significance of fish diseases in relation to aquaculture. Disease development process in fish and shellfish. Defense mechanism in finfish and shellfish- specific and non specific immune system. Role of stress and host defense mechanism in disease development. Host, pathogen and environment interaction. Pathogenecity and mechanism of bacterial, viral and fungal infections of finfish and shellfish. Infectious diseases of cultured finfish and shellfish. Important disease epizootics of wild fish population. Principles of disease diagnosis. Case history and clinical sign in diagnosis. Conventional and rapid diagnostic techniques. Microscopical, microbiological, histopathological and biochemical methods. Health management in aquaculture. Drugs, chemicals, antibiotics and probiotics used in aquaculture and their mode of action. Preventive strategies. Principles and methods of vaccine production and fish immunization. Quarantine and health certification in aquaculture. Crop rotation, Immunostimulants, bioremediation and polyculture as strategies for health management. Fish pharmacology – drugs, chemicals, antibiotics, probiotics and their mode of action.

Practical: Methods of sampling fish and shellfish for disease diagnosis. Live and post mortem examination of diseased fish. Collection and identification of parasites. Disease diagnostic techniques. Techniques in histology. Pathological changes in different organ systems associated with different pathogens. Methods of treatment.

FFRM-311. Marine Fisheries 3 (2+1)

Classification and definition of fishery zones and fishery resources of world. Overview of marine fisheries resources of the world and India. Major exploited marine fisheries of India, their developmental history and present status. Important pelagic - demersal fish, shellfish and seaweed resources of India. Traditional, motorized and mechanized

fisheries according to major gears. Potential marine fishery resources of the India’s EEZ. GIS and Remote sensing in marine capture fishery.

Practical: Visit to fish landing centres, observation and analysis of catches by major crafts and gears Field collection of fishes, crustaceans molluscs and seaweeds and record keeping of relevant data Participation in fishing cruises. Observations on GIS and Remote sensing in marine capture fishery.

FAEN-311. Aquatic Ecology and Biodiversity 3 (2+1)

Ecology: Definition; Subdivisions of Ecology, Ecosystem: Principles and concepts; Examples of Ecosystems: The Pond, The Micro ecosystem; Production and Decomposition; Homeostasis of the Ecosystem, Energy flow: Definition; Laws of Thermodynamics; Concepts of Productivity; Measurement of primary productivity; Trophic Levels, and Examples; Ecological Pyramids. Introduction to Biogeochemical Cycles: Ecological Indicators., Community Ecology: The biotic community, Ecological Dominance; species diversity in communities; patterns in communities, ecotones, Population ecology: population density and indices of relative abundance. Types of interaction – animal association- Symbiosis, commensalisms, parasitism, etc., Autoecology: Concepts of habitat and ecological Niche; Natural Selection; Artificial Selection. The freshwater environment and types: wetlands: dominant flora and fauna. Estuaries: classification;. Mangroves- definition, mangrove plants, Mangrove flora and fauna. Conservation of habitats: endangered species and their conservation, fish passes for migratory fishes, protected areas, marine parks and sanctuaries, mangrove afforestation. Artificial reefs. Conservation programmes for endangered species.

Practical: Visit to a lake, natural pond\estuaries \swamp\marsh\river\flood plain\ reservoir and marine protected areas. Study of the habitat, biotic communities, and species diversity and their adaptive characters/ associations. Visit to a mangrove forest, collection and identification of mangrove flora and fauna. Visit to a inland /marine biodiversity park/sanctuary. Understanding the steps involved in protecting endangered habitats and species.Submission of an assignment related to the course.

FPHT-311. Canning and Fish Packaging Technology 2 (1+1)

Introduction to canning principle. Historical developments. Containers- can making materials and cans, characteristics of seam. Steps in canning- raw materials preparation. Precooking, packing, exhausting, seaming, thermal processing, cooling and storage. Thermal processing –concept of D value, Z value and F0 Value, heat penetration, graphical method of formulation. Canning of commercially important fishes, shellfishes and other food products- salient features. Retort pouch packing – principles and techniques; HTST process and aseptic packing- principles and techniques heat resistance of microorganisms,spoilage of canned foods- types, causes and preventive measures. Introduction to food packaging- objectives and requirements. Characteristics of various packaging materials – meats, paper and paper boards, corrugated fibre board, plastics, multi-layer lamination, testing of packaging materials and containers. Environmental aspects of food packaging.

Practical: Types of cans, canning equipments and layout of cannery. Canning of different varieties of fish. Cut out test of canned products. Examination of can double seam. Thermal process calculation by general method, spoilage condition in canned products. Familiarization with various packaging materials and container for fish products. Assessment of quality of packaging materials used for packaging fish and fishery products. BIS specifications for plastics for food contact applications and other regulations

FPHT-112. Fishing Gear Technology 3 (2+1)

Introduction: History and development of fishing gears; classification of fishing gears of world and India. Factors that determine selection of fishing gears. Gears used in relation to fish and fishing area. Fishing gear materials - Classification - natural and synthetic - yarns, twines, ropes - their properties and identification methods. Yarn numbering systems Runnage, conversions. Twist in twines and ropes, braiding ropes, leaded ropes, floated ropes. Netting – types of knots, knotless netting, meshes, braiding, shaping, creasing, baiting, tailoring. Mounting of webbing – different methods, hanging coefficient, take up ratio. Accessories for fishing gear. Floats – buoys: its materials, types, properties and buoyancy. Sinkers – types, materials, properties- negative buoyancy; bobbins, tickler chain. Wire ropes – wires, strands, cores – selection of wire ropes, breaking strength, specification. Fishing accessories – thimbles, shackles, C-links, rings, G-links, Kelly’s eye, stopper, bottle screw, butterfly, chains. Hooks; types, materials, specification numbering system, jigs, spoon hooks. Maintenance and storage of gears and gear materials. Preservation of netting and other accessories. Selection of gear materials. Parts of a trawl net, purse seine, gill net and tuna long lines. FAO classification of fishing gear and methods. Modern commercial fishing methods- Operation and classification of trawling, purse seining, lampara net fishing, gill netting, line fishing. Squid jigging and electric fishing. Selective fishing – active fishing and passive fishing. Deck layout – trawlers, purse seiners, long liners, gill netters and combination fishing. Fishing accessories and deck equipments – types of winches, net haulers, line haulers, triple drum, gurdy, power blocks, fish pumps. Fish finder, GPS navigator, sonar, net sonde, gear monitoring equipments.

Practical: Handling of net braiding tools, making different knots, bends, hitches, net braiding using different knots- shaping, creasing, baiting, fly mesh tailoring – T-cuts, N-cuts, B-cuts. Calculations- joining of netting, lacing, seaming. Mounting methods, hanging, revving, direct, indirect, connected calculations- assembling of netting. Damages on the netting, mending of net, identification of synthetic and natural fibres by various methods. Calculation of buoyancy, negative buoyancy – identification of fibres, twines, ropes, iron wares, fish hook. Specification of ropes, wire ropes, iron wares, rigging materials, methods. Seining, boat seines, beach seines, gill netting, drift set, trammel nets. Falling gear - cast nets. Lift nets, Chinese dip nets. Fishing experience in operation of traditional and modern fishing methods. Familiarization of various fishing accessories on board.

VII SEMESTER

Experiential Learning (

Seed Production Cr Hr

1. Preparation of work plan Target seed production, broodstock

requirement, Infrastructure facility, Inputs, Supplies and marketing 3

2.

Species and site selection Species selection

Site selection 2

3.

Hatchery

Layout plan, design, construction / fabrication, operational

management

Broodstock management, live food production

4

4.

Breeding Selection of brooders, acclimatization, induced breeding,

collection and estimation of eggs and spawn, packing and

transportation.

4

5. Nursery and Rearing pond management Pre-stocking and post-stocking management, harvesting, packing,

transport and supply 4

6.

Documentation and reports Book keeping, Human Resource management, Preparation of

manual and final report 2

7. Oral examination Presentation, Oral performance

1

Total 20

M. F. Sc. (Aquaculture) 2015-16

I Semester

Course No. Course Title Credit

Hours

AQCUL 511

SOIL AND WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN

AQUACULTURE 3 (2 + 1)

AQCUL 512

SEED PRODUCTION AND HATCHERY MANAGEMENT OF

FINFISHES 3 (2 + 1)

AQCUL 513

FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE 3 (2 + 1)

AQCUL-511 SOIL AND WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN AQUACULTURE

3(2+1)

Objective

To learn effective soil and water quality management practices.

Theory

UNIT I

Soil and water interaction: Physical and chemical properties of soil and water,

Productivity vs nutrient quality and quantity of soil and water; aquatic microorganisms

and their role in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur cycles and impact on aquatic

habitats and species.

UNIT II

Soil and water quality monitoring: soil and water quality standards; soil and water quality

monitoring and management.

UNIT III

Fertilizers and manures: Different kinds of fertilizers and manures, fertilizer grade,

source, rate and frequency of application, Biofertilizers, Use of treated sewage for pond

fertilization, Ecological changes taking place after fertilizing, Primary production,

degradation of molecules in aquatic environment, Utilization of bioactive compounds by

microorganisms.

UNIT IV

Soil and water quality management: Silt/clay/pyrite soil, seepage, water treatment,

water filtration devices, aeration, chlorination, ozonization and UV radiation, Algal bloom

control, eutrophication, Aquatic weed management, Waste water treatment practices,

Water quality management in hatcheries, Waste discharge standards, Role of

microorganisms in fish production, fish health and fish safety; Microbial load and algal

blooms.

Practical

Equipment used in soil and water analysis; Soil sampling, determination of soil moisture

and bulk density; pond filling, analyses of mud acidity and

soil texture; Measurements of temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity, transparency,

turbidity and solids; Analyses of dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and hardness, phosphorus,

nitrogen; Estimation of primary productivity and 15 chlorophyll; Application of fertilizers

and pond liming (different types of lime & their doses); Analysis of toxic elements;

Microbial techniques; Visit to effluent treatment plant; Design and operation of biological

filters.

Suggested Readings

Adhikari S & Chatterjee DK. 2008. Management of Tropical Freshwater Ponds. Daya

Publ.

APHA, AWWA, WPCF. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater, 20th Ed. American Public Health Association, American Water Works

Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, D. C.

Boyd, C. E. and Tucker, C. S. 1992. Water Quality and Pond Soil Analyses for

Aquaculture, Alabama Agricultural Experimental Station, Auburn University.

Boyd CE. 1979. Water Quality in Warm Water Fish Ponds. Auburn University.

ICAR. 2006. Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture. ICAR.

Parsons TR, Maita Y & Lalli CM. 1984. A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods

for Seawater Analysis. Pergamon Press.

Rajagopalsamy CBT & Ramadhas V. 2002. Nutrient Dynamics in Freshwater Fish

Culture System. Daya Publ.

Sharma LL, Sharma SK, Saini VP & Sharma BK. (Eds.). 2008. Management of

Freshwater Ecosystems. Agrotech Publ. Academy.

AQCUL-512 SEED PRODUCTION AND HATCHERY MANAGEMENT OF FINFISHES

3(2+1)

Objective

To learn seed production and hatchery management of commercially important

cultivable fishes.

Theory

UNIT I

Introduction: History, constraints and current status of natural seed collection and

hatchery seed production.

UNIT II

Reproductive biology: Physiology and morphology; Molecular and physiological basis of

reproduction, Overview of current developments in reproductive biology.

UNIT III

Gamete maturation and development: Spermatogenesis and oogenesis, Hormonal

pathways and mode of control.

UNIT IV

Environmental and endocrine control of reproduction: Reproductive cycles, Seasonality

(Photoperiod, change in water quality and quantity, temperature, lunar cycle, etc.),

Environmental and exogenous hormonal stimuli.

UNIT V

Induced spawning: Methods of natural and artificial fertilization, multiple breeding,

GnRH and Linpe models, evaluation of milt and egg, cryopreservation technique, use of

different synthetic hormones and analogues for induced spawning, Egg staging,

Stripping and fertilization.

UNIT VI

Hatchery technology for different species: Indian major and minor carps, Exotic carps,

Catfishes, Tilapia, Mahseer, Trout, etc.

UNIT VII

Marine fish seed production: Seabass, milkfish, mullets, sea breams, rabbitfish,

grouper, yellowtail, eel, cobia, etc.

UNIT VIII

Hatchery design and management: Criteria for site selection of hatchery and nursery,

Design and function of incubators, Jar hatchery, Chinese hatchery and other hatchery

systems- design and operation, hatchery protocols, larval rearing stages, rearing

technology, packaging and transport of seed.

UNIT IX

Seed supply in aquaculture: Relationship between fry and growth, Macro-planning of fry

production to stimulate growth, Marketing and economics of fish seed.

Practical

Study of gonadal development in carps and other cultivable finfishes; Identification, carp

and catfish seed; Collection and identification, packing and transport of cultivable

freshwater finfish seed; Induced breeding of fishes through various inducing agents;

Evaluation of carp milt and eggs; Design and operation of Chinese hatchery;

Preparation of brood and larval feeds for different cultivable finfish; Rearing of carp

spawn and fry; Visit to different finfish hatcheries.

Suggested Readings

FAO. 1992. Manual of Seed Production of Carps. FAO Publ.

ICAR. 2006. Hand Book of Fisheries and Aquaculture. ICAR.

Jhingran VG & Pullin RSV. 1985. Hatchery Manual for the Common, Chinese and

Indian Major Carps. ICLARM, Philippines.

Jhingran VG. 1991. Fish and Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publ.

Landau M. 1992. Introduction to Aquaculture. John Wiley & Sons.

Mcvey JP. 1983. Handbook of Mariculture. CRC Press.

Pillay TVR & Kutty MN. 2005. Aquaculture- Principles and Practices.Blackwell.

Rath RK. 2000. Freshwater Aquaculture. Scientific Publ.

Thomas PC, Rath SC & Mohapatra KD. 2003. Breeding and Seed Production of Finfish

and Shellfish. Daya Publ.

AQCUL-513 FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE 3(2+1)

Objective

To gain knowledge on fish and prawn farming in different culture systems.

Theory

UNIT I

Introduction: Present status, problems and scope of fish and prawn farming in global

and Indian perspective.

UNIT II

Aquaculture systems: Extensive, semi-intensive and intensive culture of fish, Pen and

cage culture in lentic and lotic water bodies, polyculture, composite fish culture.

UNIT III

Fish farming: Nursery and grow-out pond preparation, stocking, feeding and water

quality management in the farming of major and exotic carps, magur, singhi, murrels,

tilapia, Mahseer, trout etc.; Stunted seed production and culture practice.

UNIT IV

Freshwater prawn farming: Monoculture practice. All male culture and its advantages,

polyculture with carps, prawn farming in inland saline waters. Nursery rearing, sex

segregation, pond preparation, stocking, feeding and water quality management,

disease prevention and treatment; harvesting and handling.

UNIT V

Integrated farming systems (IFS): Design, farming practices, constraints and economics

of IFS of fish with paddy, cattle, pig, poultry, duck, etc.

UNIT VI

Wastewater-fed aquaculture: Water treatment methods, species selection, culture

practices, harvesting and depuration process.

UNIT VII

Economics of different fish farming systems.

Practical

Identification of commercially important cultivable fish and prawn species; Assessment

of seed quality- stress test; Calculating carrying capacity of pond and stocking density;

Check tray assessment and feed ration calculation; Sampling procedure and growth

assessment; Farm visits; Modeling of different culture systems.

Suggested Readings

AAHRI. 1998. Health Management in Shrimp Ponds. Aquatic Animal Health Research

Institute (AAHRI), Department of Fisheries, Thailand.

Agarwal SC. 2008. A Handbook of Fish Farming. 2nd Ed. Narendra Publ.House.

Beveridge MCM & Mc Andrew BJ. 2000. Tilapias: Biology and Exploitations. Kluwer.

De Silva SS. (Ed.). 2001. Reservoir and Culture Based Fisheries: Biology and

Management. ACAIR Proceedings.

FAO. 2007. Manual on Freshwater Prawn Farming.

Midlen & Redding TA. 1998. Environmental Management for Aquaculture.

Kluwer. New MB. 2000. Freshwater Prawn Farming. CRC Publ.

Pillay TVR. 1990. Aquaculture: Principles and Practices. Fishing News Books,

Cambrige University Press, Cambridge.

Venugopal S. 2005. Aquaculture. Pointer Publ.

Welcomme RL. 2001. Inland Fisheries: Ecology and Management. Fishing News

Books.

STAT-511 STATISTICAL METHODS 3(2+1)

Theory: Probability and Probability Distribution: Various definitions of probability, Addition and multiplication laws of probability and simple problems based on them. Expectation of a random variable, Moments, Skewness and Kurtosis. Binomial and Poisson distribution, their fitting and simple problems based on them, Normal distribution, their properties and uses. Sampling: Sampling v/s Complete enumeration, Probability and non probability sampling, S.R.S. with and without replacement. Test of significance: Hypothesis, null and Alternative hypothesis, type-I and type-II error, Level of significance, Critical region, one and two tailed tests, Procedure for testing of hypotheses. Standard Normal deviate test for single mean, difference of two means. Proportion, difference of proportion and confidence interval, students `t’ test, for comparison involving one and two sample means, paired `t’ test, Confidence interval, Chi-square test for goodness of fit and independence of two attributes (2x2 and r x s contingency table) and Yate’s correction for continuity, Correlation and Regression : Simple and partial correlation coefficients, Linear and multiple regressions. Partial regression coefficients, multiple correlation coefficients and their tests of significance. Design of Experiments: Analysis of C.R.D., R.B.D. and L.S.D. with one observation per cell.

Practicals:

Simple problem based on probability, Simple problems based on Binomial, Poisson and Normal distribution. Problem based on area tables of Normal distribution. Draw simple random-sample of size ‘n’ from a given population of size ‘N’ with and without replacement scheme and obtain the estimate of (i) population mean (ii) population variance and (iii) standard error. Standard normal deviate tests for testing (i) µ = µ0 (ii) µ1 = µ2, t’-test for testing (i) µ = µ0, (ii) µ1 = µ2, Confidence interval for means, for small and large samples. Chi-square test for goodness of fit. Chi-square test for independence of two attributes, 2x2, r x s contingency table and Yates’correction. Fitting

of Regression line (i) Y = a+bX and test for yx = 0 (ii) Y = a+b1x1 + b2x2. Partial correlation coefficients and its tests of significance. Multiple correlation coefficient and its test by F-test.

Suggested Readings:

1. V.G. Panse and P.V. Sukhatme (1985). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers. ICAR, New Delhi.

2. G.W. Snedecor and W.G. Cochran (1968). Statistical Methods. Oxford and IBH. New Delhi.

3. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor (2006). Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics. Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi.

4. Sukthame and C. Ashok (1984). Sampling Theories and Surveys with Application. ICAR, New Delhi, 3rd ed.

5. G.N. Rao (2007). Statistics for Agricultural Science. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi. 6. S.C. Gupta (2006). Fundamentals of Statistics. Himalaya Publishing House. New

Delhi.

MFSc (III Semester)

AQCUL. 531

NON-FOOD AQUACULTURE 3 (2 + 1)

AQCUL. 532

AQUACULTURE ENGINEERING 3 (2 + 1)

AQCUL 533

SEED PRODUCTION AND HATCHERY

MANAGEMENT OF SHELLFISHES 3 (2 + 1)

AQCUL 534

LARVAL NUTRITION AND CULTURE OF FISH FOOD

ORGANISMS 3 (2 + 1)

AQCUL. 591 MASTER'S SEMINAR 1

AQCUL-531 NON-FOOD AQUACULTURE 3(2+1)

Objective

To impart knowledge on ornamental fish production, pearl production, bait

fish culture and aquatic ornamental plant propagation.

Theory

UNIT I

Aquarium fish trade: Present status; potential; major exporting and importing countries;

species-wise contribution of freshwater and marine fishes; contribution of culture and

capture; marketing strategies; anesthetics, packing and transportation.

UNIT II

Breeding techniques: Reproductive biology, captive breeding and rearing of freshwater,

brackishwater, marine ornamental fishes and invertebrates.

UNIT III

Aquarium keeping: Design and construction of tanks; species-wise tank size

requirement; heating, lighting, aeration and filtration arrangements; decorative fixtures

used; Feed, health and water quality management; prophylaxis; quarantine.

UNIT IV

Value addition: Colour enhancement; genetic manipulation and production of new

strains; hybrids; acclimatization strategies for marine ornamental fish to freshwater.

UNIT V

Pearl Production: Overview of pearl trade, pearl oysters and freshwater mussels of

pearl culture importance; anatomy, biology and seed production, techniques of

implantation, method of rearing and harvesting of pearl, designer pearl, processing and

quality evaluation of pearls, pearl production by tissue culture.

UNIT VI

Bait fish culture: Scope and importance, bait fish species (minnows, Apogon silver

heads, etc.), farming practices.

UNIT VII

Ornamental aquatic plants: Propagation methods, nutrient and environmental

requirements, cropping methods, packing and transport.

Practical

Identification of common freshwater aquarium fishes and breeding trials of selected

freshwater fishes; Identification of common brackish water, aquarium fishes, Oysters

and musseles; Aquarium fabrication, setting and maintenance; Preparation of powdered

and pelleted feed for ornamental fishes; Visit to ornamental fish farms; Study of

bacterial, viral, fungal diseases of ornamental fishes and their control; Prophylactic and

quarantine measures; Identification of ornamental aquatic plants.

Suggested Readings

Alagarswami, K. 1991. Production of cultured pearls. ICAR

Axelrod HR & Vorderwinkler W. 1978. Encyclopaedia of Tropical Fishes. TFH Publ.

Axelrod HR & Sweenen ME. 1992. The Fascination of Breeding Aquarium Fishes. TFH

Publ.

Axelrod HR. 1967. Breeding Aquarium Fishes. TFH Publ.


Mills D. 1981. Aquarium Fishes. Kingfisher Books.

Sanford G & Crow R. 1991. The Manual of Tank Busters. Salamander Books.

Saxena A. (Ed.). 2003. Aquarium Management. Daya Publ.

Spotte S. 1979. Fish and Invertebrate Culture. John Wiley & Sons.

Thabrow De WV. 1981. Popular Aquarium Plants. Thornbill Press.

AQCUL-532 AQUACULTURE ENGINEERING 3(2+1)

Objective

To learn the basic aspects of farm designing for effective management and optimum

yield.

Theory

UNIT I

Introduction: Technical components of farm designing, future trends in aquaculture

engineering.

UNIT II

Aquaculture facilities: Planning process, site selection and evaluation, design,

components and construction of tanks, ponds, cages and hatcheries.

UNIT III

Water intake and outlet: Pipe line, water flow and head loss, different types of pumps.

UNIT IV

Water treatment: Equipment used for water treatment, filters, ultraviolet light, ozone,

heating and cooling and other processes of disinfection.

UNIT V

Aeration and oxygenation: Design and fabrication of aerators, oxygen injection system

UNIT VI

Recirculation and water use system: Definition, components and design.

UNIT VII

Feeding system: Different types of feeding equipment, feed control systems, dynamic

feeding systems.

UNIT VIII

Instrumentation and monitoring: Instruments for measuring water quality.

Practical

Visit to aqua farms; Contour survey and mappings; Evaluation of performance of

seepage controlling measures; Designing of fresh and brackish water fin and shellfish

farms; Designing of fresh and brackish water fin and shellfish hatcheries; Estimation of

construction cost of FRP and cement hatchery units, inlets, outlets, sluice gate, monks,

hatchery sheds, supply channel and drainage systems, gravitational flow; Design and

construction of effluent treatment plant for hatchery; Evaluation of capacity of aeration

devices.

Suggested Readings

Thomas L. 1995. Fundamentals of Aquacultural Engineering. Chapman & Hall.

Wheaton FW. 1977. Aquacultural Engineering. John Wiley & Sons.

Ivar L.O. 2007. Aquaculture Engineering. Daya Publ. House.

AQCUL533 SEED PRODUCTION AND HATCHERY MANAGEMENT OF

SHELLFISHES 3(2+1)

Objective

To provide overall knowledge of seed production and hatchery management of

commercially important cultivable crustaceans and molluscs.

Theory

UNIT I

Introduction: Current status; problems and prospects.

UNIT II

Seed resources: Site selection and techniques of collection; identification and

segregation of shellfish seed.

UNIT III

Reproductive biology: Gonad anatomy, endocrinology and reproductive mechanisms in

prawns, shrimps, crabs, lobsters, mussels, oysters, scallops and clams; age at first

maturity; factors affecting maturation and spawning. 20

UNIT IV

Broodstock: availability; improvement; nutritional requirements; transport; captive

rearing and maturation; induced spawning; physical and chemical inducing agents;

physiology and techniques of eyestalk ablation.

UNIT V

Seed production: Seed production of commercially important prawns, shrimps, crabs,

lobsters, mussels, edible oysters, pearl oyster, scallops, clams and sea cucumber.

UNIT VI

Hatchery technology and management: Site selection and facilities required; culture and

use of different live feed in shellfish hatcheries; larval diseases and their management;

different chemicals and drugs used; water quality and feed management; Hatchery

standards and biosecurity; sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures; better

management practices (BMPs); packaging and transport of seed.

UNIT VII

Economics of seed production.

Practical

Layout and design of prawn hatcheries; Study of gonad development in different

cultivable crustaceans and molluscs; Collection and identification of shellfish seed;

Packing and transportation of shellfish seed; Eyestalk ablation technique; Identification

of larval stages of prawn, crab, mussel and oyster; Culture techniques of micro algae

and other live feeds used in shellfish hatcheries; Artemia hatching technique; Visit to

different shellfish hatcheries; Economic analysis of shellfish hatcheries.

Suggested Readings

CMFRI Bulletin. 1987. National Seminar on Shellfish Resources and Farming.

FAO. 2007. Manual for Operating a Small Scale Recirculation Freshwater Prawn

Hatchery.


Jhingran VG. 1991. Fish and Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publ. Corp.

Landau M. 1992. Introduction to Aquaculture. John Wiley & Sons.

Mcvey JP. 1983. Handbook of Mariculture. CRC Press.

Pillay TVR & Kutty MN. 2005. Aquaculture - Principles and Practices. Blackwell.

Thomas PC, Rath SC & Mohapatra KD. 2003. Breeding and Seed Production of Finfish

and Shellfish. Daya Publ. House.

AQCUL 534 LARVAL NUTRITION AND CULTURE OF FISH FOOD ORGANISMS

3(2+1)

Objective

To impart basic understanding of the nutritional requirements of fish/shellfish larvae and

knowledge on mass culture and enrichment of live food organisms.

Theory

UNIT I

Larval nutrition: Larval stages, nutritional requirements of fish and shellfish larvae,

quality requirements of larval feeds (particle size, digestibility), natural food and its

importance in aquaculture, nutritional quality of commonly used fish food organisms,

bioenrichment, biofilm/periphyton and its use, culture of single cell proteins and their

nutritional quality, formulation and preparation of artificial feeds for larval rearing,

microparticulate diets.

UNIT II

Fish food organisms: Bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton and their role in

larval nutrition.

UNIT III

Mass culture techniques: Methods of collection, maintenance and rearing of fish food

organisms, Different media used in culture, Mass culture of fish food organisms and

their application in hatcheries, culture of important microalgae, rotifers, artemia,

cladocerans, copepods, oligochaetes, nematodes and insect larvae.

Practical

Collection, identification and isolation of live food organisms using various techniques;

Preparation of various culture media; Preparation and maintenance of stock microalgal

culture; Preparation of artificial feed for rearing finfish and shellfish larvae; Mass culture

of microalgae; Mass culture of cladocerans, copepods and rotifers; Culture of Artemia

nauplii, Culture of earthworms and chironomid larvae.

Suggested Readings

CIFE. 1993. Training Manual on Culture of Live Food Organisms for AQUA Hatcheries.

Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai.

Finn RN & Kapoor BG. 2008. Fish Larval Physiology. Science Publ.

Hagiwara A, Snell TW, Lubzens E & Tamaru CS. 1997. Live Food in Aquaculture.

Proceedings of the Live Food and Marine Larviculture Symposium. Kluwer.

MPEDA. 1993. Handbook on Aqua Farming - Live Feed. Micro Algal Culture. MPEDA

Publication.

Muthu MS. 1983. Culture of Live Feed Organisms. Tech. Paper 14.

Summer Institute in Hatchery Production of Prawns Seeds. CMFRI, Cochin.

Ojha JS. 2005. Aquaculture Nutrition and Biochemistry. Daya Publ.

Santhanam R, Ramnathan M & Venkataramanujum. 1997. A Manual of Methods in

Plankton. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal

Sciences University, Tuticorin.

Sorgeloos P & Pandian KS. 1984. Culture of Live Food Organisms with Special

Reference to Artemia Culture. CMFRI Spl. Publ. No. 15.

Tonapi GT. 1980. Freshwater Animals of India. Oxford & IBH.

Documents

13.12.14. Nutrition in aquaculture 3 15. Schedule/Lecture... · Fish pituitary gland ± its structure, ... Synthetic harmones used for induced breeding of carps. 1 ... probiotics